WikiIslam - User contributions [en]

User talk:Axius

2016-04-01T01:28:12Z

Axius: /* Timeline - Muhammad - Polish translation */

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[[User talk:Axius/Archive]]

== Testimonies and private emails ==

Hi AX. When someone submits a new testimony, could you check to see if they have left an email at the bottom? It is to do with [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Special:Form/newapostate#Notes Notes #1] on the submission form that says:

:''"Consider providing a contact email address at the bottom of your testimony. If an email address is not submitted, then there may be difficulty in getting information altered/removed later on if such a request is made. Your email address will be wiped from the page history before being added to the wiki mainspace, meaning only administrators will be able to view it."''

The best thing to do is delete the email address and then wipe it from the history with an explanation (e.g. "Email (as per Notes #1 on the form)") so we know where to look if they ever contact us. These emails could be very private and I don't think they should be left out in the public for too long. [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 01:51, 6 December 2014 (PST)
:Yea you're right they should not be left there for long. I'll try to keep an eye on it. We do database compaction sometimes so that removes the deleted page so maybe an option is to keep the emails locally on the computer or saved in an email account in a draft email, or we just remove the requirement of adding the email, or we ask them to send us an email when they submit their testimony so we have it privately on record. That will be the easiest for us. On another note could you check your email? --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 04:42, 6 December 2014 (PST)
::Thanks Ax, I'm reading it now. [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 07:13, 6 December 2014 (PST)

== Dsarkosky ==

Hi Ax. That thing about "Porkistani/P*ki Muslims" was a mistake but not about 911. It's a racial slur (akin to the "N" word for blacks) against South Asians. This guy is clearly not an Arab, because an Arab would know the difference between my race and his. Mixing up Arabs with South Asians does happen, but it's usually troglodytes of European ancestry that do it. And it is mostly them who equate "p*ki" with "Muslim". I just thought I'd make you aware because I think America is the exception, and that word is not considered an insult over there. So obviously anything submitted to the site (even comments on talk pages) that contains that word would be going against the policies. Actually, any insults at all against race/ethnicity/nationality (e.g. "Porkistani") is against the policies.

Anyways, that "testimony" as a whole is crazy. Wow. So many calls for genocide in such a few amount of words. And lol at the "You need to eat bacon... to prove that you are no longer a Muslim" line. I'm a vegan, so with that line of thinking, it would mean that I must still be an under-cover Muslim. [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 19:42, 3 January 2015 (PST)
:LOL. I just did an IP search and I was right. Whoever submitted that testimony did it from Western Europe. That's a long way from Oman (where he claims to originate) and Hong Kong (where he claims to now live). [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 19:49, 3 January 2015 (PST)
::Yea he mixed them up (said it was Pakistanis who did 9/11 when it was mostly people from Saudi arabia). Yea the bacon/pork requirement was strange. Oh I see so the IP did not match the locations. Good catch. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 12:37, 4 January 2015 (PST)

==Mia Khalifa==
Hi Axius, can we have an article on Mia Khalifa? She is in the news.[[User:Saggy|Saggy]] ([[User talk:Saggy|talk]]) 10:53, 10 January 2015 (PST)
:If it was appropriate for the site sure, but we would need someone to do it. According to Wikipedia she is/was not a Muslim ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mia_Khalifa] unverified) so if its thats true we would probably not have the article. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 18:52, 10 January 2015 (PST)
::Yeah. Apparently, she was born into a Muslim family but is a Christian now. So a page about a porn star who was simply born to Muslims wouldn't be appropriate. There are a lot of Middle-Eastern pornstars, and it's a fair bet that the majority of them are from a Muslim background. This is nothing extraordinary. At best, the Freedom of Speech (links) page should have a link added under the US section. But nothing more. [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 01:57, 11 January 2015 (PST)

== Muhammad and Aisha Task ==

Hi Ax. I don't understand why you added [http://wikiislam.net/w/index.php?title=WikiIslam:Tasks&curid=7002&diff=111648&oldid=111431 this] task. I think it is a pretty terrible idea. Those two pages have two distinct purposes, so merging them makes no sense. It would in fact make it harder for readers to use to counter Muslim arguments, make the page ridiculously long, AND make our other pedophilia pages redundant (if you want to merge the "Refutation of Modern Apologetics Against Aisha's Age" with the "Responses to Apologetics: Muhammad and Aisha" page, then why not also merge the [[Aisha_Age_of_Consummation|Aisha's Age of Consummation]]" page with the "Responses to Apologetics: Muhammad and Aisha" page? It's the exact same situation).

The [[Refutation_of_Modern_Apologetics_Against_Aishas_Age|Refutation of Modern Apologetics Against Aisha's Age]] page refutes only a single, stand-alone apologetic argument. This argument is basically, '''"Some Islamic sources say Aisha was aged 12, 14, 15, 17, 18 and 21 when Muhammad had sex with her"'''. If you look at the [[Responses_to_Apologetics_-_Muhammad_and_Aisha|Responses to Apologetics: Muhammad and Aisha]] page, this is [[Responses_to_Apologetics_-_Muhammad_and_Aisha#Some_Islamic_sources_say_Aisha_was_aged_12.2C_14.2C_15.2C_17.2C_18_and_21_when_Muhammad_had_sex_with_her|argument number six]]. So basically what your new task is saying is to copy/paste that detailed, long and well-crafted stand-alone article under argument number six. I don't understand why you would even consider that a viable option. That one argument (that the hadith say Aisha was older) is practically as long as the page you want to merge it with, and that page contains 20+ different arguments.

Think about it from a reader's view: that's like a science teacher (WikiIslam) having a creationist student (Muslim) question one single aspect of evolutionary theory (Muhammad's pedophilia), but rather than give a detailed rebuttal to that single objection (Aisha's age according to hadith), the teacher slaps a 1000 page encyclopedia about the evolutionary theory in front of him and tells him to find the answer in there somewhere.

And like I mentioned earlier, merging this article also begs the question; why not merge every page concerning Mo and Aisha into that one page? [[Responses_to_Apologetics_-_Muhammad_and_Aisha#The_hadiths_do_not_say_Muhammad_had_sex_with_Aisha_when_she_was_9._They_have_been_poorly_translated|Argument number 4]] is '''"The hadiths do not say Muhammad had sex with Aisha when she was 9. They have been poorly translated"''', so why not delete the "[[The Meaning of Consummate]]" page and copy/paste that into "Responses to Apologetics: Muhammad and Aisha" too? [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 21:29, 1 March 2015 (PST)
:The only reason I can think of is that both titles have similar words in them ("Refutation/Response" and "Apologetics"). If that's the case, then only a name change is needed to more accurately reflect the topics of the pages. TBH not only does "Refutation of Modern Apologetics Against Aisha's Age" need its name changed, but so does the "Aisha's Age of Consummation" page. I remember you previously said you preferred to keep the title as it is simply because that's an early article. However, the "Aisha's Age of Consummation" page has a misleading title as its content is not really about Aisha's age of consummation. It's about whether or not Mo can be classed as a pedophile. "Refutation of Modern Apologetics Against Aisha's Age" should be renamed "Aisha's Age of Consummation" because that IS the actual topic of the page. And "Aisha's Age of Consummation" should be renamed "Muhammad and Pedophilia" or something like that. [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 21:42, 1 March 2015 (PST)
::"Muhammad and the Clinical Definition of Pedophilia" is a good name. I'll rename these pages when I can. There is a fair bit of redirecting that I will also have to do. Also wanted to add that if I am correct about the reason, then as administrators we must base our decisions off more than a cursory glance at the title of a page. A merge of those two pages would have big repercussions, not least to the logical structure and quality of the site. [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 21:49, 1 March 2015 (PST)
:::Oh. Yea I totally missed that the title was "Responses to ... ''Aisha's Age''". So it was only the issue of her age for that title. I think whoever was doing the task would have noticed this before they started the task. Thanks for noticing that. I'll look into this again later.
:::Thanks for fixing those redirects. I wish there was a bot that could fix it. I'll make that a task in a new section for things that could be done by bots. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 02:19, 2 March 2015 (PST)
::::Cool. Yeah, sometimes finding where exactly the inline links are within a page can be hard. You have to go over the page text a couple of times before noticing it. [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 02:36, 2 March 2015 (PST)
:::::I do a CTRL-F for the link's partial/full name or the page's name. Google chrome has good search highlighting features. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 03:10, 2 March 2015 (PST)
::::::Thanks Ax. I just tried that and it works great. [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 16:12, 2 March 2015 (PST)

== About my modifications ==

Webcitation just failed caching my link. My other links'cache are ok.
:Oh. Yea it failed mine too for that same link. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 05:23, 14 March 2015 (PDT)

::Heitri2. It does that on pages because they respect the "norobot" txt or something. On the other hand, Archive.is archives the page regardless, so that site can be used instead. We mention both services [[WikiIslam:Citing_Sources#Archived_Links|here]]. And really, this information should be known to editors before they start editing links in pages. [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 15:44, 14 March 2015 (PDT)

==Finished Translating Health effects Dress==

Hi! I think I've finished translating the article [[Health Effects of Islamic Dress]] into Spanish as [[WikiIslam:Sandbox/Efectos sobre la Salud de la Vestimenta Islámica]]. Any suggestions will be welcomed for next tasks. Cheers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by [[User:Charles69|Charles69]] ([[User talk:Charles69|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Charles69|contribs]]) {{#if:| |}} ([[WikiIslam:Signatures#Signing_Posts|Remember to sign your comments]]) 
:Excellent. Thanks! I will wait for Sahab for finalizing this. [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/72_Virgins 72 virgins] is a great choice and any others from the [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Translations#Articles_to_Translate list]
:Sahab, help! I would try to do it but I'll miss some [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/User_talk:Sahab#Translation_steps steps.] --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 05:34, 18 March 2015 (PDT)
:I'll go for those chicks ;).--[[User:Charles69|Charles69]] ([[User talk:Charles69|talk]]) 05:57, 18 March 2015 (PDT)

== QURAN ERRORS ==

Quran verse describes the sun and the moon in parallel orbits, as Quran verse 36:40 says, "It is not allowable for the sun to reach the moon, nor does the night overtake the day, but each, in an orbit, is swimming."
'''Quran never ever said that, the earth moves or travels.'''

See Also: http://www.islam-watch.org/SyedKamranMirza/Erroneous-Science-and-Contradictions-in-Quran.htm AND http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Qur%27anic_scientific_foreknowledge (THIS SITE EXPLAINS THE CLAIMED FOREKNOWLEDE IS FALSE AND ALSO GIVES REFERENCES TO OTHER SITES)--[[User:AAA|AAA]] ([[User talk:AAA|talk]]) 15:27, 1 June 2015 (PDT)
:We have this article on the topic. Check it out: [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Geocentrism_and_the_Quran].
:Thanks for the links. I did not know about the "heavy clouds" errors in the Quran. I'll add it to our tasks page to review and add if suitable. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 19:34, 1 June 2015 (PDT)

::Islam says that even the almighty Allah can change his mind. It's contradictory because Islam claims Allah knows and creates everything.--[[User:AAA|AAA]] ([[User talk:AAA|talk]]) 10:27, 5 July 2015 (PDT)

== Vacuum ==

*Dr. Keith Moore and the Islamic additions (in Uzbek)

:Hi! How are you doing? Excuse my ignorance, I'm having trouble with the placement of this quote. Please, help[http://s17.postimg.org/5je8jiv7j/quote_move.jpg] Source: [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Doktor_Keyt_Mur_va_Islomiy_embriologiya] --[[User:Vacuum|Vacuum]] ([[User talk:Vacuum|talk]]) 20:18, 13 June 2015 :(PDT)
::Sorry I've been more busy than usual. Give me a few days and I'll look into it. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 14:09, 14 June 2015 (PDT)
:::I got it. Thank you. --[[User:Vacuum|Vacuum]] ([[User talk:Vacuum|talk]]) 05:53, 15 June 2015 (PDT)

* Ideas

:I think we should create a (hub) page on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareidolia/ Pareidolia] and attach references to Islamic "sign miracles", such as [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Praying_Tree]; [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Trees_Tomatoes_and_Bronchi_Saying_Shahadah]; [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Allah_Written_In_or_On_Various_Things]; --[[User:Vacuum|Vacuum]] ([[User talk:Vacuum|talk]]) 09:45, 16 June 2015 (PDT)
::We have it: [[Pareidolia]]. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 02:26, 24 June 2015 (PDT)

== Sun is folded claim ==

Hi again. I went through tafsirs for "The Sun is folded up/it is flat disk" claim which was challenged by somebody on the scientific errors page some time ago. The tafsirs make even more errors on this topic [http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=109&tSoraNo=81&tAyahNo=1&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2] [http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1387&Itemid=137]. So this can go into the QHS article? and link the relevant section of Scientific Errors in Quran to it? [[User:Saggy|Saggy]] ([[User talk:Saggy|talk]]) 01:45, 26 July 2015 (PDT)
:You can add it to the Tasks page or a Sandbox page. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 06:47, 26 July 2015 (PDT)

== Spanish translations ==

Hi! I asked this to Sahab before but since he has been inactive, I ask you to check these two articles already finished: [[WikiIslam:Sandbox:Versos coránicos malinterpretados|Misinterpreted Qur'anic Verses]] and [[WikiIslam:Sandbox/Pedofilia en el Corán|Pedophilia in the Qur'an]]. Thanks! [[User:Aelu|Aelu]] ([[User talk:Aelu|talk]]) 09:03, 28 August 2015 (PDT)
:I probably didnt do as good as a job that Sahab does but I think I got it right: [[Pedofilia en el Corán]] and [[Versos coránicos malinterpretados]]. Thank you!
:I noticed these two words spelled differently. I assume thats how its supposed to be: Coránicas [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Art%C3%ADculos_en_espa%C3%B1ol_-_Articles_in_Spanish] 2nd bullet / coránicos [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Versos_cor%C3%A1nicos_malinterpretados] (also note, small capitals is used for the 2nd word). --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 17:41, 28 August 2015 (PDT)
::Yeah, they're spelled correctly, and thank you heheh :) -[[User:Aelu|Aelu]] ([[User talk:Aelu|talk]]) 16:24, 29 August 2015 (PDT)

== Italian==

Hi Axius, I've translated a new article, it's the "fastest growing religion".
:Ok. thanks. I think it needs this section [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Le_72_vergini#Vedi_anche Vedi anche] to be updated like other articles. Also it needs the Italian category.

:Also I think this section is not complete [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/La_religione_che_cresce_di_pi%C3%B9#Analisi]. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 10:40, 19 September 2015 (PDT)

Hi Axius, I just amended the two articles, but I don't know how to translate the short phrase near the hub content in these articles, in the section "Vedi anche"...
Thank you very much for underlining my errors and oversights.
:Ok. I made a few other [http://wikiislam.net/w/index.php?title=La_religione_che_cresce_di_pi%C3%B9&type=revision&diff=112971&oldid=112966 fixes]. I will add these steps to the Check-list. I was able to see the fixes after looking at another previously translated [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Le_72_vergini article] and comparing the main elements (headings, formatting etc).
:I have linked the article in the various places now (main page, Italian articles and added a link from the English article).
:For References, is it "Riferimenti" or "Referenze"? The first term is used here [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Le_72_vergini]. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 13:29, 20 September 2015 (PDT)

Hi, both of the terms could be used, but in this case it's better to use "Riferimenti". I'll use it in future articles.
I've also translated the article of "Taqiyya". but I can't translate the "Lying (Primary Sources)" of that page.
But.. it seems that I've accidentaly deleted (?) the original in english...
:The Italian version is saved and it can be moved into a new title called [[Taqiyya-it]] (following the example of [[Sunnah-fr]]). I have created the new page now.
:For 'Lying (Primary Sources)' we can make a new heading called 'Inglese' and list the EN link there. I did that too. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 16:19, 21 September 2015 (PDT)

== Translation of Pagan origins of Islam ==

Hi, I translate the article "Pagan Origins of Islam" here in my sandbox : http://wikiislam.net/wiki/User:Maxime/Sandbox_1, if you can tell me if the article is good or to correct, thanks. --[[User:Maxime|Maxime]] ([[User talk:Maxime|talk]]) 13:22, 19 September 2015 (PDT)
:Looks good, I made a few fixes [http://wikiislam.net/w/index.php?title=User%3AMaxime%2FSandbox_1&type=revision&diff=112978&oldid=112956 diff]. I added the translation links and category. I also changed the 'Références' heading after seeing thats the word used in a previous translation. Is that correct, or should it be 'References'?
: Let me know the final Page title and I will move it to the new title and make the various links. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 13:55, 20 September 2015 (PDT)
::Hi, yes you were right to correct "Reference" to "Références", I made the last corrections to franchify the whole article. It is now ready and the title of translation will be simply "Les origines païennes de l'Islam", thanks. --[[User:Maxime|Maxime]] ([[User talk:Maxime|talk]]) 05:20, 21 September 2015 (PDT)
:::Ok. I created the page and linked it now. Thank you! --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 16:34, 21 September 2015 (PDT)
==Authorise==
Please authorise my edit here: http://wikiislam.net/w/index.php?title=Rape_in_Islam&action=history

I added a ref and archived it. |You will find it useful--[[Special:Contributions/92.12.197.254|92.12.197.254]] 11:26, 27 September 2015 (PDT)
:Does that hadith add something new to that page? I see there are other hadiths that mention the same kind of thing (an explanation about 4:24). So could you go over the page and look at the existing sources and compare it to the hadith (Sunan Abu Dawud - Book 12, Hadith 110) you're linking? --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 14:40, 27 September 2015 (PDT)
:::That hadith was missing the source and translation. I gave a reference. Thats all--[[Special:Contributions/92.12.197.254|92.12.197.254]] 10:58, 3 October 2015 (PDT)
::::I've talked [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/User_talk:Sahab#Sunnah.com] to Sahab about sunnah.com and he said we can use it if no other source is available. So I would rather use that instead of quranx.com. We have to use websites that Muslims would be less likely to reject (and those with more authority) so for that reason we should use sunnah.com. I think this is the link for that hadith [http://sunnah.com/abudawud/12/110].
::::I agree it would be nice to add the reference (because USC.edu now is missing some of the hadith pages). --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 16:57, 3 October 2015 (PDT)

== Earth shape ==

Muslims have cited the following Qur'anic verse as miraculous, "After that (Allah) spread the Earth out (dahaha: from the verb 'daha')" [Quran 79:30]. This verse has been interpreted by many Muslims as foreshadowing the concept that the figure of the Earth has an oblate ellipsoid shape. Kamel Ben Salem's explanation for this is that "the ancient exegetes had earlier explained the Arabic verb (dahaha) by (has flattened it)" but that "the origin of this verb is found in the word (Ud-hiya)", which means "egg of ostrich", thus "the Earth would look like an ostrich’s egg" which is accurate with scientific data that confirms that the Earth is slightly flat at the poles very similarly to the shape of the egg of an ostrich. Rashad Khalifa alternatively translated the verse as: "he made the earth egg-shaped." However, this Muslim argument for scientific foreknowledge in the Qur'an is built on a popular misconception known as the "Myth of the Flat Earth". Knowledge of a spherical Earth has existed since the ancient Greeks. Hence the argument's attempt to present this piece of information as foreknowledge is inaccurate. Also the Earth is an oblate spheroid whereas an ostrich egg is a '''prolate''' spheroid.

The claim that the term "daha" refers to an "ostrich egg" is also disputed. The premise that the term "ud-hiya" is the root of the word "daha" is inconsistent with the fact that most Arabic words have a triconsonantal root. This premise is also not supported by the classical lexicons of the Arabic language. Lane's Arabic-English Lexicon, for example, reports that the term "daha" is rooted in the triconsonantal root, dal-ha-waw. The term "ud-hiya", on the other hand, is only a cognate of the word "daha". It is also noted in the entry for the term "daha" in Lane's lexicon that the word is used to signify any surface that has been spread out or flattened. Lane's lexicon also provides an example of the usage of the word with the following statement, "also, said of an ostrich, he expanded, and made wide, with his foot, or leg, the place where he was about to deposit his eggs". In a consistent manner, "udhiya" is defined as "The place of the laying of eggs, and of the hatching thereof, of the ostrich in the sand". It is not known whether this example, involving an ostrich and its egg, is the cause of the mistranslation of "daha" as an "ostrich egg".--[[User:AAA|AAA]] ([[User talk:AAA|talk]]) 12:34, 31 October 2015 (PDT)
:Ok, you can put this on a temporary user sandbox page for later use. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 05:09, 1 November 2015 (PST)

::Here's a source for it: http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Science/earth_egg.html --[[User:AAA|AAA]] ([[User talk:AAA|talk]]) 08:55, 1 November 2015 (PST)

== Joining the team translator (Indonesia) ==

Hi Axius,

Thank you. Yes, I think that's the approach I need. I apologize for the editing and re-editing unconvinience, I'm trying to improve my lack of vocabularies but the meaning is alike over time. I just want to make the message got better, comprehensively understandable for readers. Next time I'll make sure the edit is fix and final for review.
Anyway, this far I can see a translation into Bahasa Indonesia here but the task is not completed yet for public view. While actually in my priority ofcourse, regarding the number of Indonesian muslims majority don't speak English, please, would you consider opening sub domain for it? I will learn to contribute the translation into Bahasa; Please kindly advice.
Also thanks for all the good works you and the team have done, Wikiislam has been my prime preference all these time.

Sincerely,
Gon
:Ok, no problem. Yea sure, you can edit the page I linked for your testimony. You could edit that page in English where you could write a short account and then you could create another page in Indonesian (bahasa) e.g. [[User:Goncandu/Mengapa saya meninggalkan Islam]] (I used Google translate for 'Why I left Islam') and write your story in much more detail in Bahasa.
:We only have one page in Indonesian ([http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Sanggahan_Terhadap_Apologis_Muslim_Mengenai_Usia_Aisha]) which is sad considering its a big Muslim country, one of the most populous in fact. It is critical to reach people there.
:A sub-domain can opened after 25 translated articles and someone who can take care of the site (more information here [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Frequently_Asked_Questions#I_want_to_become_an_admin_and_open_up_my_own_language.27s_sub-domain._Can_I_start_one.3F]).
:For now just focus on completing the article you're working on, and the testimonies of leaving Islam (if you dont want to write them thats fine too; whatever you want to do) and next choose an article you'd like to translate ([[WikiIslam:Translations#Articles_to_Translate]]) and let me know its title and I can guide you from there. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 09:05, 14 November 2015 (PST)

Hi

I find this labyrinth depressing. It is difficult to navigate. I can't save as I go along translating unlike all common word editors. If this feature is available I sure don't see it. It would be good if translators like me can focus on the translation works only and not spending so much time trying to understand rules and regulations (which is not that clear), functions and searching and clicking everywhere to find things. Maybe it is just me but ... Sorry. I was trying to be honest.
:I'll help you with any questions you have. You can save as you go. I had a question, what article do you want to translate? I will then give you further directions.
:I want to stress that the translation must be accurate and match the english version. This is very important. I'll quote it:
::''One of the key rules to follow when translating these pre-sub-domain articles is that they should always remain absolutely faithful to the original English work, retaining their scholarly tone and information. The reason for accurate translations to begin with is that it allows new editors in that particular language to understand the style, tone, and quality that is expected in all languages.''
: --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 05:17, 18 November 2015 (PST)

==i don't know how to execute the points 6 and 7 of the translation help guide==

salute axius, sorry to bother you but i only know you and two other members here because you've participated into my page.
anyway i have translated the article "invitation to islam prior to violence" in italian. i have tried to make a page out of it but i am uncertain about the result.
the page is here: http://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Invito_a_convertirsi_all%27islam_prima_dell%27attacco

but as you can see it still appears that " wikiislam: " in front of the title plus i don't know how to link it to the other versions nor how to insert it into the italian net of articles. [[User:Neceseco|Neceseco]] ([[User talk:Neceseco|talk]]) 06:16, 24 November 2015 (PST)
:Thanks for the translation. I've added the links etc. I havent added the links yet for these two pages in the 'translations' section: [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Pozvani_k_Islamu_pred_pouzitim_nasili], [http://bg.wikiislam.net/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0,_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE?rdfrom=http%3A%2F%2Fwikiislam.net%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%2C_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2585%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%26redirect%3Dno]. For adding those links we need to find out what they call 'Italian' in their language and to find that we could see another article in their language.

:The link to the page is:
::<nowiki>* [[Invito_a_convertirsi_all_islam_prima_dell_attacco|Target language]]</nowiki>.

:thank you. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 14:12, 25 November 2015 (PST)

thank you axius. can you tell me how you fixed the "wikiislam" problem? so that maybe next time i will not bother you? [[User:Neceseco|Neceseco]] ([[User talk:Neceseco|talk]]) 01:06, 26 November 2015 (PST)
:The article just needs to be moved to the main space when its complete. There's a 'move' dropdown near the top right. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 01:36, 26 November 2015 (PST)

==i get blocked every other day?==

sorry to bother you once again, unfortunately i still don't get how to use this site. couldn't there be a chat or a page for problems like this? i don't know how to contact other participants to ask for help nor where to display some proposal. when you answer i don't get any notification and have to go around and search for your response.

anyway: lately i've been blocked frequently, it says to me that some bot users have used my IP address to damage the site. how does it work? is it a dangerous thing for me? how can i avoid it? i want to continue to translate the site.
:We'll look into it. The site's setup has to be fixed. The new owners are working on it. I think I know what the problem is. So I'll let you know once this has been fixed. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 06:56, 11 December 2015 (EST)

== New translation ==

Hi!
I have comleted translation of article Health Effects of Islamic Dress to Polish. I think I have done everything as in instruction. It should be ready to be viewed. Waiting for your feedback
Greetings
Mystery lady
:Ok, I added it. Looks good on first glance. Thanks. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 19:12, 15 February 2016 (EST)

== Timeline - Muhammad - Polish translation ==

Hi,

Some time ago I translated the timeline of Muhammad (https://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Sandbox/%C5%BBycie_mahometa_-_chronologia). It was marked as incomplete because of the "Translations" links so I changed them. Now the article is still marked as incomplete. Could you tell me what else I need to do so that it is visible to everybody?
:I think the title needs to be capitalized when you move it to the main space and then link it on a new Polish translations page that follows the format of other language pages [https://wikiislam.net/wiki/Clanky_v_ceskem_jazyce_-_Articles_in_Czech]. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 21:28, 31 March 2016 (EDT)

MediaWiki:Vars

2016-03-02T11:39:47Z

Axius: lockdown for spam

# <pre>
# --- Vars ---
# This page is for variables used for the software.

# Vars begin below
ld

## end of Vars list

#</pre>

WikiIslam

2016-02-25T11:28:37Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 202.73.13.226 (talk) to last revision by Axius

[[Image:Infosymbol.png|91px|thumb|right|link=Category:WikiIslam]]
'''WikiIslam''' is a community edited [[websites|website]] which focuses on the critique of [[Islam]], whilst also allowing [[:Category:Pro-Islamic Content|pro-Islamic responses]] in separate articles. It is run on the same software that [[Wikipedia]] and other similar sites use.

==About==

WikiIslam's goal is to become the most comprehensive and accurate source of information on Islam. This information is based primarily on its own sources, the [[Qur'an]], [[hadith]] and Islamic scholars. It takes a rational approach in its handling of Islam and is notable for dealing extensively with [[Islam and Propaganda|false propaganda]] and [[Islam and Science|Islamic pseudoscience]].

The site aims to remain neutral towards other religions, world views, and issues of a political nature, such as immigration, multiculturalism, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and also to stay away from extremist, sensationalist or emotional commentary by simply letting the facts speak for themselves.

Contrary to what is sometimes claimed,<ref name="Criticism"></ref> the site [[WikiIslam:Reliable Sources#Sources to Avoid|exhorts editors]] to use non-polemic and scholarly secondary sources, and to attribute statements wherever possible. It makes copious use of authoritative primary and secondary pro-Islamic sources, such as the [[Compendium of Muslim Texts]], [[Sirat Rasul Allah|sirah]] literature and [[fatwa]]s from some of the most popular mainstream Islamic sites on the net.

It is an international site with editors and contributors from all over the world, and the policies and content reflect this. For example, editors are advised that no region should be given priority over another, and developments concerning Islam in [[Asia]] or [[Africa]] are as important as developments in [[Europe]] or the [[Americas]].

==History==

WikiIslam was created on October 27, 2005, in collaboration with various individuals from [[Faith Freedom International]] who provided the site with server space, technical help and exposure. The site remained in a testing phase for about a year and on September 4, 2006, it was opened to the public.

In September 2007, the server that hosted the site was hacked, and due to other server problems, editing was disabled at WikiIslam for almost a year.

In August 2008, the site was moved to a new server and since then it has been operating independently, remaining unaffiliated with or owned by any organization. Contrary to persistent claims propagated by apologists,<ref>For example, Sheila Musaji of [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftheamericanmuslim.org%2Ftam.php%2Ffeatures%2Farticles%2Fali_sina%2F&date=2014-01-26 TheAmericanMuslim], who has been contacted but refuses to correct the error, claims WikiIslam is "run" by "Ali Sina and Faith Freedom" and "only prints material which is negative towards Islam." Both claims are wrong. WikiIslam hosts many [[:Category:Pro-Islamic Content|pro-Islamic articles]] written by Muslim editors.</ref> WikiIslam is not owned by [[Ali Sina]], FFI, Robert Spencer, [[Jihad Watch]] or any other organization.<ref>Note that neither of these individuals or their websites are considered reliable sources at WikiIslam. According to [[WikiIslam:Reliable_Sources#Other_Sources_2|WikiIslam:Reliable Sources]], ''"Statements of fact concerning Islam from polemic sources such as books, articles or commentaries by individuals such as Robert Spencer, Pamela Gellar, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Mark A. Gabriel, Wafa Sultan, Ali Sina, Walid Shoebat, Brigitte Gabriel etc. are not to be used under any circumstances as references on WikiIslam. If you come across any such statements, remove them immediately."''</ref>

In December 2015, the ownership of the website was transferred to [[Ex-Muslims of North America]]. <ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.exmna.org/ex-muslims-north-america-takes-ownership-operation-wikiislam/|title= Ex-Muslims of North America takes ownership and operation of WikiIslam|publisher= |author= |date= Dec 3, 2015|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Non-Muslims===

In December 2006, Göran Larsson presented a paper on WikiIslam at a conference in [[Sweden]]. At that point in time, the site was barely out of its infancy, only having been open to the public for three months, and Larsson was very critical. Today, with its new policies, new guidelines, thousands of more pages and the inclusion of pro-Islamic content aimed at presenting a positive image of Islam, WikiIslam remains the same only in name. But even back then in its primitive form, Larsson admitted that he could not label all the site "Islamophobic" in nature.<ref>Göran Larsson, [http://www.springerlink.com/content/p02g0g86387j4t62/ "Cyber-Islamophobia? The case of WikiIslam"], Contemporary Islam: Volume 1, Number 1, 53-67, DOI: 10.1007/s11562-007-0002-2</ref>

Contrary to what is sometimes claimed,<ref name="Criticism"></ref> WikiIslam has not received any attention from news agencies such as the Associated Press (AP); however, its non-partisan approach to criticism has led to the site being linked to or referenced by various notable sites such as ''RichardDawkins.net''<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://richarddawkins.net/links?page=5|2=2012-02-07}} "About/ Links"], RichardDawkins.net, accessed February 7, 2012.</ref> and ''GreenProphet.com''.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.greenprophet.com/2011/12/rain-prayers-sunny-friday/|title= Muslim President Calls for Rain Prayers on Sunny Friday|publisher= Green Prophet|author= Tafline Laylin|date= December 28, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.greenprophet.com/2011/12/rain-prayers-sunny-friday/&date=2012-02-07|deadurl=no}}</ref> It has also been cited by Prof. Dr. G. Hussein Rassool in his book, ''Cultural Competence in Caring for Muslim Patients'',<ref>{{cite web|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=r5nJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141&lpg=PT141&dq=Cultural+Competence+in+Caring+for+Muslim+Patients+wikiislam&source=bl&ots=oFOauH3oPg&sig=5Vtne1TY1qwgdldumOa-T9K6atU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UHENVIfmLY_lauWagZAO&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cultural%20Competence%20in%20Caring%20for%20Muslim%20Patients%20wikiislam&f=false|title= Cultural Competence in Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher= Palgrave Macmillan|author= G. Hussein Rassool (Ed.)|date= April 25, 2014|isbn= 9781137358424|archiveurl= https://archive.today/AR6Nr|deadurl=no}}</ref> Dr. Heather Deegan in her book, ''Africa Today: Culture, Economics, Religion, Security'',<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.amazon.com/Africa-Today-Economics-Religion-Security/dp/0415418844/|title= Africa Today: Culture, Economics, Religion, Security|publisher= Routledge|author= Heather Deegan|date=December 26, 2008 |page= 100|isbn= 978-0415418843|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FAfrica-Today-Economics-Religion-Security%2Fdp%2F0415418844%2F&date=2013-07-20|deadurl=no}}</ref> Prof. Carlos Brebbia in his book, ''Disaster Management and Human Health Risk III: Reducing Risk, Improving Outcomes'',<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.amazon.com/Disaster-Management-Human-Health-Risk/dp/1845647386|title= Disaster Management and Human Health Risk III: Reducing Risk, Improving Outcomes|publisher= Wit Pr/Computational Mechanics|author= C. A. Brebbia|date= July 9, 2013|page= 366|isbn= 978-1845647384|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FDisaster-Management-Human-Health-Risk%2Fdp%2F1845647386&date=2013-07-25|deadurl=no}}</ref> and Dr. Stefan Kirchner in his paper published in the ''Baltic Journal of Law & Politics''.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/bjlp.2011.4.issue-1/v10076-011-0003-6/v10076-011-0003-6.xml|2=2013-07-20}} "Faith, Ethics and Religious Norms in a Globalized Environment: Freedom of Religion as a Challenge to the Regulation of Islamic Finance in Europe"]. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics. Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 52–82, ISSN (Online) 2029-0454, ISSN (Print) , DOI: 10.2478/v10076-011-0003-6, August 2011.</ref>

===Muslims===

Due to the focus of the site, the most noticeable reactions from Muslims has been negative.<ref name="Criticism">For responses to various criticisms of WikiIslam, visit the ''[http://islamo-criticism.blogspot.com/p/criticism-of-wikiislam.html Criticism of WikiIslam]'' section of the ''[http://islamo-criticism.blogspot.com/ IslamoCriticism]'' blog.</ref> Some have called for the site to be taken offline through illegal means such as hacking,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.ummah.com/forum/showthread.php?398571|title= Muslims should DDOS anti muslim websites|publisher= Ummah Forum|author= |date= April 19, 2014|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ummah.com%2Fforum%2Fshowthread.php%3F398571&date=2014-04-24|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>''"Someone needs to shut it down. any hackers out here?"'' - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.ummah.com/forum/showthread.php?365182-Solving-the-Wiki-islam-problem|2=2013-05-24}} Solving the Wiki-islam problem], DamirK, Ummah Forum, May 24, 2013.</ref><ref>''"Its sad, Saudi have hackers who can hack and take down a lot of crap stuff on the internet but they never seem to notice what should be taken care of."'' - [http://lostinriyadh.blogspot.com/2012/03/for-my-readers-in-saudi-infact-for.html For my readers in Saudi, infact for anyone], LostInRiyadh.blogspot.com (comment by Dentographer, March 4, 2012)</ref> and it had previously been [[Websites Censored by Islamic Governments|banned]] in [[Saudi Arabia]] on the country's [[pornography]] blacklist, even though the site contains nothing of a pornographic nature.<ref>A screenshot can be viewed [[:File:Wikiislam com-aug-2011-ksa.png|here]]</ref>

Constant vandalism, death-threats, and non-compliance with guidelines by Muslim editors has lead to WikiIslam, like the German Wikipedia, implementing “[[WikiIslam:Pending Changes Protection|pending-changes protection]]”, meaning that editing still remains open to all, including IP users, but changes have to be approved before becoming visible to readers.

However, due to WikiIslam's extensive use of authoritative primary and secondary pro-Islamic sources, the site has also received praise from Muslims, e.g. for its [[Sex Segregation in Islam]]<ref>"''I usually wouldn't endorse a site like this, but in this case all of the sources were referenced in great detail.''" - [http://www.facebook.com/notes/abdul-malik-merchant/women-traveling-and-free-mixing-in-islam-/216934245018326 Women: Traveling and free-mixing in Islam …], Abdul-Malik Merchant, Student at Umm al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia, July 13, 2011.</ref> and [[List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad]]<ref>"''In fact mockery is the main cause of executions ordered by our prophet (Sm)...i already told it to @RiasatKhan .. here is the link though its an anti islam site... but the historical facts / causes of execution mentioned there are reliable..look 4 Yellow colors, they were executed for mockery. Is this Musa Ibrahim scholar of Islam?? List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad - WikiIslam. Sorry for the anti islam site... i couldnt find any other site written in such short and organized way.''" - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.defence.pk/forums/bangladesh-defence/233660-shahbagh-square-new-rise-65.html|2=2013-02-17}} SHAHBAGH SQUARE-A NEW RISE], Kobiraaz (an established Muslim member who joined in Oct 2010, and has been thanked 7867 times for 7,237 post), Pakistan Defence forum, February 17, 2013</ref> articles, and pages such as [[List of Fabricated Hadith]]<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://shehbaazmind.blogspot.com/2011/08/some-links-where-you-can-find-some-weak.html|2=2012-09-10}} "Some Links Where You Can Find Some Weak And Fabricated Hadeeths Exposed"], ShehbaazMind, August 17, 2011.</ref><ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://beliefinunseen.blogspot.com/2012/09/weak-and-fabricated-hadith.html|2=2012-09-10}} "Weak and fabricated hadith"], Belief In The Unseen, September 7, 2012.</ref> and [[Chronological Order of the Qur'an]]<ref>Dawud Israel, [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.sunniforum.com/forum/showthread.php?107518-NOTES-from-Tafsir-Maariful-Qur-an-of-Mufti-Taqi-Shafi-Usmani|2=2013-06-01}} "NOTES from Tafsir Maariful Qur'an of Mufti Taqi/Shafi Usmani"], Sunni Forum, June 1, 2013.</ref> have been used by Muslims as a resource.

==Audience==

WikiIslam hosts {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. On average, it currently receives over 250,000 visitors a month generating about 500,000 page views. As of September 2014, Alexa.com places it within the top 70,000 most visited websites.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexa.com%2Fsiteinfo%2Fwww.wikiislam.net&date=2014-09-03|title= Wikiislam.net|publisher= Alexa.com|author= |date= accessed October 19, 2013|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref>

Unlike many other sites critical of Islam, WikiIslam's audience is not "Eurocentric". A large percentage of its readers are from Eastern or Muslim-majority nations such as [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[India]], [[Malaysia]], [[Egypt]], [[United Arab Emirates]], and [[Singapore]].<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/www.wikiislam.net|2=2011-11-28}} "Wikiislam.net/ Audience"], Alexa.com, accessed November 28, 2011.</ref> Likewise, many of the site's administrators and editors are from a Muslim background or are skeptics from Muslim majority nations.

The site is currently [[WikiIslam:Join the Team#Ways_To_Help_Us|looking for editors]] to translate some of their English articles into Indonesian, Urdu, Bengali and [[Arabic]]. There are translations from English already available at the site in [[:Category:Other_Languages|several languages]], including [[Azərbaycanca Yazılar - Articles in Azerbaijani|Azerbaijani]], [[Les articles en francais - Articles in French|French]], [[:Category:Türkçe (Turkish)|Turkish]] and [[Ozbekcha maqolalar - Articles in Uzbek|Uzbek]]. A [[:ru:Заглавная страница|Russian]] sub-domain was started in early 2013 and they also host many [[Translations of Arabic/Islamic Media|press articles and fatwas]] from the Islamic world translated into English from the original Arabic. A [[:bg:Начална_страница|Bulgarian]] sub-domain was created in April, 2015.

==Wikipedia==

WikiIslam's primary focus is on the religion of Islam while Wikipedia is a compendium of general knowledge. These differing goals have led to different policies and guidelines.

Wikipedia discourages the use of primary and what they term as "non-notable/reliable" sources. WikiIslam, on the other hand, encourages the use of authentic primary religious text and the rulings of authoritative Muslim scholars who may not be notable to people outside of the Muslim world but who are giants from within.

Wikipedia focuses on "verifiability, not truth".<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability,_not_truth|2=2012-02-10}} "Verifiability, not truth"], Wikipedia, accessed February 10, 2012.</ref> In regards to Islam, it has meant they accept what "notable/reliable" western commentators say about its religious text and Muslims over what the religious text and Muslims actually say themselves. Conversely, WikiIslam accepts what the religious text and Muslims say over the opinions and interpretations of third-party western commentators.

==See Also==

*[[WikiIslam:Frequently Asked Questions|Frequently Asked Questions]]
*[[What People Say About WikiIslam]]

==Contact Information==
{{Fb link}}
To contact WikiIslam with general ideas and suggestions, a message can be left on the relevant [[WikiIslam:Discussions|Discussions]] page. For copyright issues, click [[WikiIslam:Copyright Issues|here]]. And for other important issues, click [[WikiIslam:Contact Us|here]].

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:WikiIslam]]
[[ru:ВикиИслам:Описание]]

Talk:Mawdu' (Fabricated Hadith)

2016-02-25T03:36:46Z

Axius:

I wanted to change "taht" to "that", but the article can't be saved, because spam filter blocks the reference to site allaahuakber or what.--[[User:Prekladator|Prekladator]] ([[User talk:Prekladator|talk]]) 19:47, 24 February 2016 (EST)
:I fixed it now. I found URL's can be white listed so I did that. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 22:33, 24 February 2016 (EST)

Mawdu' (Fabricated) and Daif (Weak) Hadiths

2016-02-25T03:36:00Z

Axius: trying now

This article discusses and [[lists]] weak and fabricated [[hadith]].
==Narrating Unverified Hadith==

Some apologists have started to reject [[sahih]] (authentic) and hasan (good) hadith (for example, the narations concerning [[Authenticity of 72 Virgins Hadith|72 virgins]]), in favour of maudu (fabricated) or da`if (weak) ones. Some of these hadith are obvious fabrications which do not have any scriptural sources. For a Muslim to propagate such a hadith is attributing a lie to the Prophet [[Muhammad]], thus it is a major sin deserving of [[Hell|hell-fire]].

===Sahih (authentic) hadith===

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|3|106}}, See also: {{Bukhari|1|3|108}}, {{Bukhari|1|3|109}}, and {{Bukhari|1|3|110}}|Narrated 'Ali:

The Prophet said, "Do not tell a lie against me for whoever tells a lie against me (intentionally) then he will surely enter the Hell-fire."}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|3|107}}|Narrated 'Abdullah bin Az-Zubair:

I said to my father, 'I do not hear from you any narration (Hadith) of Allah's Apostle as I hear (his narrations) from so and so?" Az-Zubair replied. l was always with him (the Prophet) and I heard him saying "Whoever tells a lie against me (intentionally) then (surely) let him occupy, his seat in Hell-fire.}}

===Fatwas===

{{Quote|1=|2=''Question:'' What is the ruling regarding narrating stories I have heard, but am unaware as to their authenticity, in the path of da’wah to some people, and likewise narrating stories which I know are fabricated (lies)? And what is the ruling regarding narrating a hadeeth whilst I do not know whether it is authentic or weak?

''Answer:'' It is not permissible for a person, a storyteller or one who gives advice, to narrate a hadeeth and attribute it to the Messenger (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam) whilst he does not know if it is authentic. And it is (also) not permissible for him to narrate a hadeeth whilst he knows it to be weak. However, if he narrates a weak hadeeth to reveal it’s weakness and warn the people from it, then that is obligatory.

Likewise, he should not narrate stories which he assumes are worthy (of being narrated) without checking (their authenticity), and he should not narrate stories which he knows are fabricated, because that is being dishonest and deceiving the people.<ref>Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen, As-Sahwah al-Islaamiyyah, Question 5 [[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.defenderofsunnah.com/fatwa/concise-fatwa/miscellaneous/dawah/2132-narrating-unverified-stories-in-the-path-of-dawah|2=2011-06-04}} Narrating Unverified Stories In The Path Of Da'wah]], Page 105, May 2, 2005</ref>}}

{{Quote|1=|2=Spreading da’wah messages and letters which contain explanations of shar’i rulings, or preaching and beneficial stories, is an important means of doing good, because many people receive them, and it is easy to send them. But we should make sure that the content is sound and that the ahaadeeth contained in it are saheeh (sound), because some people are abusing this great blessing (of easy communication) and are spreading fabricated ahaadeeth and false stories. It is not permissible for anyone to say, “The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said…” when he knows that the hadeeth is mawdoo’ (fabricated) or false. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever tells lies about me deliberately, let him take his place in Hell.” ... It is haraam to narrate a fabricated hadeeth for one who knows that it is fabricated or who thinks it most likely that it is fabricated. Whoever narrates a hadeeth which he knows or thinks it most likely to be fabricated, and does not explain that it is fabricated, is included in this warning and is included among those who tell lies about the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://islamqa.info/en/66273|title= He sent a hadeeth in order to spread good, then he found out that it is a fabricated hadeeth. What should he do?|publisher= Islam Q&A|author= |series=Fatwa No. 66273|date= accessed March 16, 2014|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fislamqa.info%2Fen%2F66273&date=2014-03-16 |deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

==Da`if (Weak) Hadith==

Weak narrations hold no value for the purpose of formulating [[Shariah|Shari'ah]] (i.e. Islamic laws and practices).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503547442|title= May People Act According to a Weak Hadith?|publisher= Islam Online|author= Muzammil Siddiqi|series= Fatwa Bank|date= September 27, 2003|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20061216005731%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamonline.net%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fpagename%3DIslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar%2FFatwaE%2FFatwaE%26cid%3D1119503547442&date=2014-03-15|deadurl=yes}}</ref>

===Seeking knowledge is a duty upon every Muslim===

This hadith has been classed by many as da`if (weak).

{{Quote|Kashf al-Khafa, no. 1665: Sahih al-Jami al-Saghir, no. 3913-4|This hadith has many chains of narrations of the authority of more than a dozen Companions, including twenty Successors apparently reporting from Ans alone. They are collected by Ibn Majah, al-Bahihaqi, al-Tabarani and others, but all of them are da'if, according to Ahmad bin Hanbal, Ishaq bin Rahuwaih, Ibn Abd al-Barr and others, although some scholars authenticated a few of the chains. Al-Baihaqi said that its text is mashhur while its isnad is da'if, while al-Hakim and Ibn al-Salah regarded it as a prime example of a mashhur hadith which is not sahih. However, it is regarded by later sholars of Hadith as having enough chains of narration to be strengthened to the level of hasan or sahih, a view which is stated by al-Mizzi, al-Iraqi, Ibn Hajr, al-Suyuti and al-Albani.<ref name="Suhaib Hassan"></ref>}}

Weak or not, the knowledge which this narration is referring to is knowledge of the Islamic shari’ah, not knowledge in general.

{{Quote||What is meant by knowledge here is knowledge of sharee’ah (Islamic knowledge). Al-Thawri said: “It is the knowledge for which no person has any excuse for not knowing.” And Allaah knows best.<ref name="Islam QA 13637"></ref>}}

===Umar corrected by a woman===

The following hadith, where Umar attempts to limit the [[Mahr]], is sometimes used to claim that women were politically and socially active in early Islamic societies.

{{Quote||'Umar ibn al-Khattab...stated that if anyone pays more as dower than what the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to pay, he would put that excess amount in the Public Treasury. A woman from the Quraish came to him and said, "O commander of the Faithful, does the Book of Allah have more right to be followed or your statement? He said, "The Book of Allah." So she then told him, "You have just prohibited the people from giving an excessive amount for dower but Allah has stated in His Book,"And if you have given them a great amount of gold as dower, take not the least bit of it back.'" [4:20] And then 'Umar said two or three times, "Everybody has a better understanding than 'Umar." [Other narrations state, "The Woman is correct and 'Umar is mistaken." - Footnote] Then he got back on the minbar and said, "O people, I used to forbid you from being excessive with respect to the dower of women. Verily a man may do whatever he sees fit with his wealth."<ref name="Umar2">{{cite web|url= http://www.allaahuakbar.net/ahaadeeth/32.htm|title= Da'eef (Weak) No:32 The Story of 'Umar Being Corrected by a Woman|publisher= Allaahuakbar.net|author= |date= accessed August 23, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110823032951%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaahuakbar.net%2Fahaadeeth%2F32.htm&date=2014-03-16|deadurl=yes}}</ref>}}

This hadith has been classed as da`if (weak). It also contradicts authentic hadith which state Umar did in fact limit excessive payments of Mahr.

{{Quote||This story was narrated by both al-Baihaqi in Sunan al-Kubra and Abdul Razzaq in al-Mussanaf. The chains of both al-Baihaqi and of Abdul Razzaq are weak. Al-Baihaqi, in fact, points out that the chain he records is broken. [Abu Bakr al-Baihaqi, Sunan al Kubra, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, nd., vol 7, p 233] Indeed, al-Baihaqi seems to prefer another narration from Umar that he recorded just prior to the above narration. In that narration, it states that Umar said that he had intended to put a limit on women's dowers until he read the verse, "A great amount of gold as dower." Commenting on this narration, al-Baihaqi said, "It is a good mursal chain." [Footnote: Mursal means the link between Umar and the one who narrated from him is broken.]

Al-Albani points out that not only are the chains of al-Baihaqi and Abdul Razzaq weak because they are broken, they also contain weak narrators that further weakens their chains. Hence, he concludes that this narration from Umar ibn al-Khattab is definitely weak. [Footnote: Muhammad Nasir al-Din al-Albani, Irwa al-Ghalil fi Takhrij Ahadit Manar al-Sabeel Beirut, al-Maktab al-Islami, 1979, vol 6, p 347.]

Indeed, it is confirmed in authentic hadith recorded by Abu Dawud, al-Nasai, al-Tirmidhi and others that Umar ibn al-Khattab did in fact advise the people not to be excessive when it comes to a woman's dower.

Actually, the above incident from the time of Umar ibn al-Khattab is quoted by many people nowadays to demonstrate that women used to take part in the political and other activities during the time of the Companions. They had an active role in society and, as one speaker today called it, took part in the "congressional meetings" (!) held in the mosque during those times. They go from that to exhorting women to take much more attractive roles in society and not be content with being at home, being good wives and mothers. They say that this was not the practice during the time of the Companions as this incident from the time of' Umar ibn al-Khattab clearly demonstrates. Obviously, in order to use such an incident as proof, one must first prove the authenticity of the narration. This is not possible in this case and, therefore, this incident cannot be used as a proof.<ref name="Umar2"></ref>}}

===Whoever mistreats a dhimmi will be Allah's opponent===

This hadith has been classed as da`if (weak).

{{Quote||They report that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “Whoever mistreats a dhimmi (a Jew or Christian living under Islamic rule), Allaah will be his opponent on the Day of Resurrection” or “I will be his opponent on the Day of Resurrection.” This is da’eef (weak). What is known from him is that he said: “Whoever kills a mu’aahid (member of a kaafir nation which has a peace treaty with the Muslims) for no lawful reason will not smell the fragrance of Paradise .”<ref name="Ibn Taymiyyah"></ref>}}

===Aisha never saw the private parts of Muhammad===

This hadith has been classed as da`if (weak). It also contradicts narrations that have been passed down through multiple isnads and are both [[Qur%27an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Aisha#Aisha.27s_Age_at_Consummation_and_Marriage|sahih and mutawatir]], the highest authenticity regarding the classification of ahadith.

{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah Book 1, Hadith 707|It was narrated from a freed slave of 'Aishah that: 'Aishah said: "I never looked at (or I never saw) the private part of the Messenger of Allah." (Da'if)(One of the narrators) Abu Bakr (Ibn Abu Shaibah) said: "Abu Nu'aim would say: '(From) a freed female slave of 'Aishah.'"<ref>{{cite web|url= http://sunnah.com/urn/1256610|title= The Book of Purification and its Sunnah - كتاب الطهارة وسننها|publisher= Sunnah.com|author= Sunan Ibn Majah|series= English ref: Vol. 1, Book 1, Hadith 662, Arabic ref: Book 1, Hadith 707|date= accessed June 30, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Furn%2F1256610&date=2013-06-30|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

===Ward off the legal punishments as much as you can===

This hadith has been classed as da`if (weak). It also contradicts authentic hadith where Muhammad states, even if his own daughter were to steal, he would "cut off her hand."<ref>{{cite web|url= http://sunnah.com/urn/1268640|title= The Chapters on Legal Punishments - كتاب الحدود |publisher= Sunnah.com|author= Sunan Ibn Majah|series= English ref: Vol. 3, Book 20, Hadith 2547, Arabic ref: Book 20, Hadith 2644|date= accessed March 28, 2014|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Furn%2F1268640&date=2014-03-28|deadurl=no}}</ref>

{{Quote||
It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah said: “Ward off the legal punishments as much as you can.”

Grade: Da'if (Darussalam)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://sunnah.com/urn/1268620|title= The Chapters on Legal Punishments - كتاب الحدود |publisher= Sunnah.com|author= Sunan Ibn Majah|series= English ref: Vol. 3, Book 20, Hadith 2545, Arabic ref: Book 20, Hadith 2642|date= accessed March 28, 2014|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Furn%2F1268620&date=2014-03-28|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

==Maudu (Fabricated) Hadith==

Fabricated narrations are not even considered to be hadith at all.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_251_300/52_weak_ahadith.htm|title= 52 Weak Ahadith|publisher= Islamic Research Foundation International|author=Ibrahim B. Syed |date= accessed November 20, 2011 |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_251_300/52_weak_ahadith.htm&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref>

===Jihad===

====Lesser vs Greater Jihad====
{{Main|Lesser vs Greater Jihad}}

The following story originated from the 11th century and does not appear in any of the famous hadith collections (Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Dawud, al-Sughra, Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah):

{{Quote||We were told by Layth, on the authority of 'Ata', on the authority of Abu Rabah, on the authority of Jabir, who said, 'The Prophet (salallaahu 'alayhee wa sallam) returned from one of his battles, and thereupon told us, 'You have arrived with an excellent arrival, you have come from the Lesser Jihad to the Greater Jihad - the striving of a servant (of Allah) against his desires.'<ref>Fayd al-Qadir vol.4 pg. 511</ref>}}

This hadith has been classed as maudu (fabricated) and also goes against the Qur'an and sahih hadith.

Dr. Abdullah Azzam:

{{Quote||[It] is in fact a false, fabricated hadith which has no basis. It is only a saying of Ibrahim Ibn Abi `Abalah, one of the Successors, and it contradicts textual evidence and reality... The word "jihad", when mentioned on its own, only means combat with weapons, as was mentioned by Ibn Rushd, and upon this the four Imams have agreed.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.religioscope.com/info/doc/jihad/azzam_caravan_6_conclusion.htm|title= Join the Caravan: Conclusion|publisher= Religioscope (originally from al-haqq.org)|author= Imam Abdullah Azzam|date= December 2001|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religioscope.com%2Finfo%2Fdoc%2Fjihad%2Fazzam_caravan_6_conclusion.htm&date=2014-03-16|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

Ibn Taymiyyah (also known as Shaykh ul-Islam):

{{Quote||There is a Hadith related by a group of people which states that the Prophet [peace be upon him] said after the battle of Tabuk: 'We have returned from Jihad Asghar [lesser jihad] to Jihad Akbar [greater jihad].' This hadith has no source, nobody whomsoever in the field of Islamic Knowledge has narrated it. Jihad against the disbelievers is the most noble of actions, and moreover it is the most important action for the sake of mankind.<ref>Ibn Taymiyyah, [http://www.peacewithrealism.org/jihad/jihad03.htm "Al Furqan"], pp. 44-45</ref>}}

Ibn Baaz:

{{Quote|Shaykh `Abdul-`Azeez Bin Baz, Fatawa Islamiyah Vol:8 p. 24|''Question:''

Is Jihad in the way of Allah the same level regardless of whether it is with one's life, wealth , or supplication , even if somebody is capable of the type that involves one's life?

''Answer:''

There are different kinds of jihad - with one's self, wealth, supplication, teaching, giving guidance, or helping others in good in any form.The highest form of jihad, however, is with one's life (the intent here is not suicide, for that is forbidden in Islam), then comes Jihad with one's wealth and jihad with teaching and guidance, and in this way Da'wah is a form of jihad, but jihad with one's life is the highest form.}}

Ibn Hajar al-`Asqalani:

{{Quote|Hajar al Asqalani, Tasdid al-qaws, see also Kashf al-Khafaa’ (no.1362)|This saying is widespread and it is a saying by Ibrahim ibn Ablah according to Nisa'i in al-Kuna. Ghazali mentions it in the Ihya' and al-`Iraqi said that Bayhaqi related it on the authority of Jabir and said: There is weakness in its chain of transmission.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sunnah.org/tasawwuf/jihad004.html|title= Jihad Al Akbar|publisher= As-Sunnah Foundation of America|author= Shaykh Hisham Kabbani|series=(from: "Islamic Beliefs and Doctrine According to Ahl al-Sunna: A Repudiation of "Salafi" Innovations")|date= accessed November 20, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.sunnah.org/tasawwuf/jihad004.html&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

Al Bayhaqi:

{{Quote|Hajar ibn al Asqalani ’Kashf al-Khafaa’ (no.1362)|Its chain of narration is weak. Ibn Hajr said that this was a saying of Ibraaheem bin Abee Ablah, a Taabi’ee, and not a Ahaadeeth of the Messenger (SAW).<ref name="Suhaib Hassan"></ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://islam.worldofislam.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=729:qwe-have-returned-from-the-lesser-jihad-to-the-greater-jihad-jihad-un-nafs-jihad-ul-akbarq&catid=129&Itemid=63|title= Be Aware - Da'eef (weak), mawdoo’ (fabricated) hadeeth|publisher= World of Islam Portal|author= |date= May 10, 2008|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fislam.worldofislam.info%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D729%3Aqwe-have-returned-from-the-lesser-jihad-to-the-greater-jihad-jihad-un-nafs-jihad-ul-akbarq%26catid%3D129%26Itemid%3D63&date=2014-03-16|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

====The ink of the scholar is more holy than the blood of the Martyr====

This hadith has been classed as maudu (fabricated).

{{Quote|Kashf al-Khafa, no. 2276|Mentioned by al-Manjaniqi is his collection of ahadith of older narrators reporting from younger ones, on the authority of al-Hasan al-Basri. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi said that it is maudu as a narration from the Prophet (s.a.w), but that is a statement of al-Hasan al-Basri.<ref name="Suhaib Hassan">{{cite web|url= http://www.thereligionislam.com/islamicideology/scienceofhadith.htm|title= The Science of Hadith|publisher= TheReligionIslam|author= Dr. Suhaib Hassan|date= accessed November 20, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.thereligionislam.com/islamicideology/scienceofhadith.htm&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

{{Quote|Shaikh Abdullah Faisal|Related by Khateeb in The History of Baghdad 2/193. He also said it was a fabricated hadith.

The above-mentioned fabricated hadith gives preference to the method of da'wah over jihad for spreading Islam. However, the best method for spreading Islam is jihad and not da'wah. Thus the Holy Prophet (s.a.w) spent thirteen years in Makkah giving da'wah and only approximately one hundred people embraced Islam. But when he (s.a.w) entered Makkah with military might and Shawka (power) two thousand took their Shahadah in one day.

The Mujahideen conquer lands and save the entire populace from entering Hell-fire by delivering Islam to them. This accomplishment is much greater than what books can do.

Also this fabricated hadith contradicts the Holy Qur'an:

Surah An Nisa verse 95:

"Not equal are those of the believers who sit at home(except those who are disabled by injury or are blind or lame), and those who strive hard and fight in the Cause of Allah with their wealth and lives. Allah has preferred in grades those who strive hard and fight with their wealth and their lives above those who sit at home."<ref name="100Fabr">{{cite web|url= http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/books/100FabricatedHadith.pdf|title= 100 Fabricated Hadiths|publisher= Darul Islam Publishers|author= Shaikh Abdullah Faisal|date= 2000|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/books/100FabricatedHadith.pdf&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

===Knowledge===

====Seek knowledge, even if you have to go to China====

This hadith has been classed as maudu (fabricated).<ref name="MuftiSays">{{cite web|url= http://www.muftisays.com/qa/question/1196/maudu-hadith.html|title= Maudu Hadith|publisher= MuftiSays|author= Moulana Qamruz Zaman|series=Question ID: 1196|date= December 6, 2005|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.muftisays.com/qa/question/1196/maudu-hadith.html&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref>

Al-Bayhaqi:

{{Quote||“Its text is famous, yet it is a weak hadith; it has been narrated by chains which are all entirely weak…” (Shu’ab al-Iman)<ref name="MuftiSays"></ref>}}

Ibn al-Qaysarani:

{{Quote||“It contains Abu Atikah Tarif ibn Salman he is Rejected in hadith to the utmost (Munkar al Hadith jiddan)…” (Tadhkirat al-Huffadh)<ref name="MuftiSays"></ref>}}

Ibn al-Jawzi:

{{Quote||“It is not authentic…” (al-Mawdu’at)<ref name="MuftiSays"></ref>}}

Al-Dhahabi:

{{Quote||Mentions Abu Atikah Tarif ibn Salman and those that disparaged him and this hadith in (MIzan al-’Itidal)<ref name="MuftiSays"></ref>}}

Al-Sakhawi:

{{Quote||“…it is weak…” (al-Maqasid al-Hasanah)<ref name="MuftiSays"></ref>}}

Al-Albaani:

{{Quote||“(It is) fabricated.” (Da’eef al-Jaami’ no. 906).<ref name="Islam QA 13637">{{cite web|url= http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/13637/fabricated%2520hadeeth|title= “Seek knowledge even if you have to go as far as China” is a false hadeeth|publisher= Islam Q&A|author= Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid|series=Fatwa No. 13637|date= accessed February 2, 2012|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/13637/fabricated%2520hadeeth&date=2012-02-02|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

====Thinking for an hour is better than worshiping for sixty years====

This hadith has been classed as maudu (fabricated).

{{Quote||Hadith 20

To think for an hour is better than to be engaged in worship for a period of sixty years.

Classified fabricated by Ibn Jawzee.<ref name="100Fabr">{{cite web|url= http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/books/100FabricatedHadith.pdf|title= 100 Fabricated Hadiths|publisher= Darul Islam Publishers|author= Shaikh Abdullah Faisal|date= 2000|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/books/100FabricatedHadith.pdf&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

However, there are sahih hadith that state:

{{Quote|Saheeh related by Ibn Ade and Ibn Asakir from Abu Hurayrah 4/6165. Sahih al Jaami as Sagheer no. 4305|Standing for an hour in the ranks of battle is better than standing in prayer for sixty years.}}

{{Quote|Saheeh al Bukhari 4/50 , agreed upon|A morning or evening spent in the path of Allah is better than the world and all it contains.}}

====The one who knows himself, knows his Lord====

This hadith has been classed as maudu (fabricated).

{{Quote||As-Sakhaawee said, "Abu al-Mudhaffar as-Sama’aanee said, ‘this is not known as a hadeeth of the Messenger, rather it is only related as a saying of Yahya bin Mu’aadh ar-Raazee.’ And likewise an-Nawawee said, ‘it is not established’" [‘al-Maqaasid al-Hasanah’ (pg. 491 no.1149)]

As-Suyutee said, "this hadeeth is not authentic" [‘Haawee lil Fataawee’ (2/351)]

Alee al-Qaaree quoted from ibn Taymiyyah saying, "fabricated" [‘al-Asraar al-Marfoo’ah’ (pg. 83)]

Al-Allaamaa Fairozabaadee said, "this is not from the Prophetic ahaadeeth, despite the fact that the majority of people make it so, and it is not authentic at all. It is only related from the Jewish traditions as ‘O mankind! Know yourself and you will know your Lord’" [‘ar-Radd alaa al-Mu’tarideen’ (2/37)]

Al-Albaanee says, "it has no basis" [‘Silsilah ad-Da’eefah’ (1/165 no.66)]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.allaahuakbar.net/ahaadeeth/11.htm|title= Mawdoo`(Fabricated) Hadeeth: No: 11 "The One who knows himself, knows his Lord"|publisher= Allaahuakbar.net|author= |date= accessed August 23, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110823033430%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaahuakbar.net%2Fahaadeeth%2F11.htm&date=2014-03-16|deadurl=yes}}</ref>}}

===Tolerance===

====Muhammad and his Jewish neighbor====

{{Quote||The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had a jewish neighbor who used to throw trash at his door every day. He remained patient and did not do anything. One day he noticed that there was no trash at his door, so he went to check on his neighbor who turned out to be sick. She asked him how did he know that she was sick and he said because there was no trash at his door that day, so the woman was so touched that she accepted Islam.<ref name="Neighbor"></ref>}}

This hadith has been classed as maudu (fabricated). It is not present in any Islamic texts, nor is it mentioned by any scholars of the past.

{{Quote||
Authenticity: Fabricated (Not Authentic)

Reference: This hadith is not found in any of the books of hadith.<ref name="Neighbor">{{cite web|url= http://authentichadithfoundation.org/neighbor-who-used-to-throw-trash-at-the-prophets-door/|title= Neighbor who used to throw trash at the Prophet’s door|publisher= The Authentic Hadith Foundation|author= |date= accessed November 17, 2012|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://authentichadithfoundation.org/neighbor-who-used-to-throw-trash-at-the-prophets-door/&date=2012-11-16|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

====Muhammad's Farewell Sermon====

The following rendition of Muhammad's '[[Farewell Sermon]]', along with a second version, was for many years quoted on [[Wikipedia]] without a primary source.

Despite being fraudulent, it has become popular due to including the lines, "''an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has no superiority over black nor a black has any superiority over white''".

{{Quote||O People, lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore listen to what I am saying to you very carefully and take these words to those who could not be present here today.

O People, just as you regard this month, this day, this city as Sacred, so regard the life and property of every *Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord, and that He will indeed reckon your deeds. God has forbidden you to take usury (interest), therefore all interest obligation shall henceforth be waived. Your capital, however, is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer any inequity. God has judged that there shall be no interest and that all the interest due to Abbas ibn 'Abd'al Muttalib (Prophet's uncle) shall henceforth be waived...

Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware of following him in small things.

O People, it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your wives only under God's trust and with His permission. If they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with any one of whom you do not approve, as well as never to be unchaste.

O People, listen to me in earnest, worship God, say your five daily prayers (Salah), fast during the month of Ramadan, and give your wealth in Zakat. Perform Hajj if you can afford to.

All mankind is from Adam and Eve, '''an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has no superiority over black nor a black has any superiority over white''' except by piety and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly. Do not, therefore, do injustice to yourselves.

Remember, one day you will appear before God and answer your deeds. So beware, do not stray from the path of righteousness after I am gone.

O People, no prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be born. Reason well, therefore, O People, and understand words which I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the Quran and my Ahl al-Bayt and if you follow these you will never go astray.

All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again; and may the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly. Be my witness, O God, that I have conveyed your message to your people}}

S.F.H. Faizi, an Indian, later Pakistani, Islamist is the author of "Sermons of the Prophet", the 1987 book<ref>{{cite web|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Sermons_of_the_prophet.html?id=zvCLHAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y|title= Sermons of the prophet|publisher= Islamic Book Foundation|author= S. F. H. Faizi, Muḥammad (Prophet)|date= 1987|isbn=9789694241180|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> which first rendered this version of the sermon (in the 1991 edition, it can be found on p. 145).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nLplPQAACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions|title= Sermons of the prophet|publisher= Kitab Bhavan|author= S. F. H. Faizi, Muhammad (Prophet)|date= 1991|isbn=9788171511389|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref>

He gets us as close to a source as he could when he describes in the introduction how he translated and published a collection of obscure writings into English:

{{Quote||This book is a collection of some of the selected sermons of the Holy Prophet which include long as well short ones as the situation demanded. They were not available in the form of Khutbas but have been derived from various books of Ahadith and history. It is only recently that some of these have appeared in book-forms along with original texts and translation in Urdu; '''but the authenticity of the texts thereof is still doubted by ulema'''. On English language, they are hardly available. So an attempt has been made not only to have them translated in English but also to find out circumstances under which they were delivered so that their delivery date could be ascertained and an elucidation made thereof. How far I have succeeded in my undertaking rests to be adjudged by the readers. Any suggestion or comment shall, '''however be welcomed to improve upon it'''.}}

In summation, Faizi “derived” this version of the sermon from various unnamed books not accepted by the ulema (scholarly Muslim clerics). He does not know the original sources, but welcomes readers to help in his search.

Hadith references which are often cited as sources for this fraudulent sermon, once checked, are either misrepresented (i.e. they have nothing to say on the sermon)<ref>See [{{Reference archive|1=http://bjhollingum.blogspot.com/2010/05/farewell-sermon.html|2=2011-03-01}} this] blog post titled, "The Farewell Sermon", for more details.</ref> or in fact refer to the sermon that most fits al-Tabari's rendition.<ref>For example; [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.quranandscience.com/jewels-from-prophet/240-the-last-sermon-khutbah-of-prophet-muhammad-farewell-sermon.html|2=2011-06-11}} this site] lists al-Tirmidhi as one of the sources. However in Tirmidhi we find the farewell command to beat women, and that they are "like prisoners" in the hands of men. For further details, see: [[The Farewell Sermon#Related Text|The Farewell Sermon/ Related Text]]</ref>

The following [[The Farewell Sermon|authentic version]] is taken from ''al-Tabari, Vol IX'', and it's important to note that it is in perfect agreement with the Qur'anic order of wife-beating in {{Quran|4|34}}. Attempts to add this authentic version next to the other two at Wikipedia, had been met with resistance.<ref>After an April 2011 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Khutbatul_Wada%27&oldid=427586954 Wikipedia discussion] concerning the lack of primary sources for the fraudulent sermons, they were finally removed from the site. But, as is often the case with Islam-related articles, the unreferenced material is constantly reinserted by Muslim editors.</ref>

{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|pp. 112-113}}|O people, listen to my words. I do not know whether I shall ever meet you again in this place after this year. O people, your blood and your property are sacrosanct until you meet your Lord, just as this day and this month of yours are sacred. Surely you will meet your Lord and He will question you about your deeds. I have [already] made this known. Let he who has a pledge return it to the one who entrusted him with it; all usury is abolished, but your capital belongs to you. Wrong not and you shall not be wronged. Allah has decreed that there will be no usury, and the usury of Abbas b. Abd al-Muttalib is abolished, all of it. All blood shed in the pre-Islamic days is to be left unavenged. The first such claim I revoke is that of Ibn Rabiah b. al-Harith b. Abd al-Muttalib, who was nursed among the Banu Layth and was slain by the Banu Hudhayl. His is the first blood shed in the pre-Islamic days with which I shall set an example. O people, indeed Satan despairs of ever being worshipped in this land of yours. He will be pleased, however, if he is obeyed in a thing other than that, in matters you minimize. So beware of him in your religion, O people, intercalculating a month is an increase in unbelief whereby the unbelievers go astray; one year they make it profane, and hallow it another [in order] to agree with the number that Allah has hallowed, and so profane what Allah has hallowed, and hallow what Allah has made profane. Time has completed its cycle [and is] as it was on the day that Allah created the heavens and the earth. The number of the months with Allah is twelve; [they were] in the Book of Allah on the day He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are sacred, the three consecutive [months] and the Rajab [which is the month of] Mudar, which is between Jumada and Sha’ban. Now then, O people, you have a right over your wives and they have a right over you. You have [the right] that they should not cause anyone of whom you dislike to tread on your beds; and that they should not commit any open indecency. '''If they do, then Allah permits you to shut them in separate rooms and to beat them''', but not severely. If they abstain from [evil], they have the right to their food and clothing in accordance with the custom. Treat women well, '''for they are [like] domestic animals with you and do not possess anything for themselves.''' You have taken them only as a trust from Allah, and you have made the enjoyment of their persons lawful by the word of Allah, so understand and listen to my words, O people. I have conveyed the Message, and have left you with something which, if you hold fast to it, you will never go astray; that is, the Book of Allah and the sunnah of his Prophet. Listen to my words, O people, for I have conveyed the Message and understand [it]. Know for certain that every Muslim is a brother of another Muslim, and that all Muslims are brethren. It is not lawful for a person [to take] from his brother except that which he has given him willingly, so do not wrong yourselves. O Allah, have I not conveyed the message?}}

The claim that "an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab" also contradicts mainstream Islamic beliefs:

{{Quote||'''The fact that Allah Most High has chosen the Arabs over other nations is affirmed in rigorously authenticated hadiths of the Prophet''', may Allah bless him and give him peace; related by Bukhari and Muslim in their “Sahih” in the beginning of the chapter of merits, # 5897, on the authority of Wathilah ibn al-Asqa` who said, “I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, ‘Verily Allah has chosen Kinanah from the son of Isma`il, and He has chosen Quraysh from among Kinanah and He has chosen Hashim from among Quraysh and He has chosen me from the Bani Hashim.’”

So this hadith is a primary text about '''the preference of Arabs over others and the preference of some Arabs over other Arabs'''. And this is what the Imams have chosen from the………of their books, and even in individual books such as the book of Qurb about the merit of Arabs, authored by the great Imam al-Hafiz Zayn al-din al-`Iraqi. And it was summarized by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Hajar al-Haytami and others.

'''Therefore the preference of Arabs over other nations, and the preference of some Arabs over other Arabs is affirmed in the Sacred Law.''' Allah has even preferred some months over other months and some days and nights of over others, as well as places. So in the same way, Allah Glorious and Exalted is He, has chosen some men over others, such as the prophets over others and even some prophets over other prophets. Muslims should not have any objection to this, because all of this returns to the wisdom of the Most Wise, Glorious is He, who is not asked about what He does, but rather, they are the ones who are asked. So after a Muslim has believed in Allah as his Lord, the Truth, and that there is no God but Him, then he should know that this is from among His matters, Blessed and High is He, and there is nothing but magnificent wisdom in it that we might see or that we might not see. Either way, we are only responsible for submitting to His rule, Glorious is He. And among His rulings is that Arabs are preferred over others and that some Arabs are better than other Arabs, as the above hadith clearly explained. '''So it is not appropriate for anyone to disagree in this when the proof is perfectly valid.'''

And there should be no disagreement in what has just preceded nor any disagreement in what appears in the Magnificent Book and in the sunna where we find that the real source of Allah’s preference is God-fearingness (taqwa) which result in the good deeds that people earn and that they are accounted for. So whoever sends forth good for himself, Allah has preferred him over those who have sent forth evil. As for the preference of an Arab over a non-Arab, and the preference of some Arabs over others, this is not a deed that one can earn. Rather, it is a bounty that Allah gives to whom He wills. So he may will something for these people, and there is no objection to your Lord’s rule. This is like the preference of some days over others, because the mind reasons that all days are the same in and of themselves, and there is no distinction that might appear between them. However, the mind can understand why something is better if there is not ……….. So the Sacred law came and affirmed the preference of some over others, and for some of those things there were reasons and wisdoms, such as the preference of the night of Power over others because the Majestic Qur’an was revealed during it. And in some of these things, the wisdom is not apparent to us and so this falls into the chapter of absolute obedience, such as the number of cycles (rak`ahs) in the prayer.

'''It is obligatory on a Muslim to believe that Arabs are preferred over other nations because there is a proof for it.''' However, this is not one of the pillars of our religion such that if someone rejected this, they would be considered outside of Islam. But if one does reject this, one has sinned for not believing in it because it is an affirmed matter according to a clear rigorously authenticated hadith. Also, this issue is not something that is commonly known among most Muslims, so for this, one should not hasten to blame one who disagrees with it. It is necessary, rather, to tell him about the issue.

And the fact that Arabs are preferred over others does not mean that a non-Arab can not have a higher merit in the religion than an Arab, because a person earns the good deeds that Allah has recommended we compete for. This is the highest merit of God-fearingness and this will be the basis upon which things are decided in the hereafter. However, '''the merit of the Arabs will still remain, in terms of their respect and exaltation being higher than others'''. And from this some hadiths have come to us about the Quraysh being put first for the caliphate before others, such as the hadith in Bukhari (#3500) on the authority of Mu`awiyah, may Allah be well pleased with him who said, ” I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, ‘This matter of government belongs to the Quraysh. Anyone who takes a hostile attitude to them will be thrown on his face, as long as they are true to the faith.” And Bukhari also related (#3501) on the authority of Ibn `Umar from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and give him peace, that he said, “Government continues to belong to the Quraysh, even if they are (no more than) two.”

So I say that the merit of God-fearingness is what counts, according to the rigorously authenticated hadith, “And he who is slow in doing good deeds, his noble lineage will not quicken him (into entering Paradise).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=7&ID=9427&CATE=1|title= Arabs preferred over other nations|publisher= SunniPath|author= Shaykh Amjad Rasheed, Ustadha Shazia Ahmad (trans.)|series=Question ID:9427|date= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fqa.sunnipath.com%2Fissue_view.asp%3FHD%3D7%26ID%3D9427%26CATE%3D1&date=2014-01-01 |deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

====Differences of opinion among my ummah is a mercy====

This hadith has been classed as maudu (fabricated).

{{Quote||Praise be to Allaah.

This hadeeth is mawdoo’ (fabricated).

See al-Asraar al-Marfoo’ah, 506; Tanzeeh al-Sharee’ah, 2/402; al-Silsilah al-Da’eefah, 11.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/13623/fabricated%2520hadeeth|title= Is the hadeeth “Differences of opinion among my ummah is a mercy” saheeh?|publisher= Islam Q&A|author= Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid|series=Fatwa No. 13623|date= accessed February 2, 2012|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/13623/fabricated%2520hadeeth&date=2012-02-02|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

{{Quote|Shaykh al-Albaani, Silsilah al-Ahaadeeth ad-Da`eefah wa'l-Mawdoo`ah (58-62)|Laa Asla Lahu (Baseless). The muhadditheen have tried to find an isnaad for it but have not found one, to the extent that Suyooti said in his al-Jaami` as-Sagheer, "Perhaps it was collected in one of the books of the huffaadh which did not reach us"!

This suggestion is very far-fetched, since it would mean that some of the sayings of the Prophet (sallallaahu `alaihi wa sallam) have been lost to the ummah forever, something which is not permissible for a Muslim to believe.

Manaawi quoted Subki as saying, "It (i.e. the saying) is not known to the muhadditheen and I cannot find any isnaad for it, whether saheeh, da`eef or mawdoo`", and this was endorsed by Shaykh Zakareeyyah al-Ansaari in his notes on Tafseer al-Baidaawi [92/2].

Further, the meaning of this hadeeth is also incorrect as shown by the verifying scholars, hence Ibn Hazm says in al-Ihkaam fi Usool al-Ahkaam [5/64] after indicating that it is not a hadeeth,

"This is one of the most incorrect sayings possible, since if ikhtilaaf were a mercy, then agreement would be a punishment, something which no Muslim would say, because there can only be agreement or disagreement, and there can only be mercy or punishment."<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.qss.org/articles/salah/17.1.html#RTFToC1|title= The Weakness of the Ahaadeeth endorsing ikhtilaaf (disagreement, differing)|publisher= Qur'an and Sunnah Society of North America|author= |series=(from: Silsilah al-Ahaadeeth ad-Da`eefah wa'l-Mawdoo`ah (58-62) by Shaykh al-Albaani)|date= accessed February 2, 2012|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.qss.org/articles/salah/17.1.html#RTFToC1&date=2012-02-02|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

===Wealth and Love===

====When a husband and wife look at each other with love, Allah looks at both with mercy====

This hadith has been classed as maudu (fabricated). Like the Farewell Sermon, some have attributed false sources to this, saying it is found in Bukhari (No. 6:19) and Tirmidhi (No. 14:79). It is found in neither, but can be found in Silsilatu Al-Ahaadeeth Ad-Daeefa wa Al-Mawdu’a (No. 3274) of Imaam Al-Albani, where he said:

{{Quote||Verily when a man looks at his wife and she looks at him, Allaah will look at them both with glance of Mercy, when he takes her hand their sins will be wiped away thru their fingers” (This is) fabricated, reported by Ar-Raafi’iy in his Taarikh (2/47) commenting on Maysara bin ‘Aliy in his Mashaykha with its chain of narration from Al-Hussain bin Mu’aadh Al-Khurasaaniy who narrated from Ismaa’eel bin Yahya At-Taymiy from Mis’ar bin Kidaam from Al-‘Awfiy from Abiy Sa’eed Al-Khudriy who said: The messenger of Allaah peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him: and the he mentioned the hadeeth: I say (regarding this hadeeth): This is fabricated, damaged by this At-Taymiy, he is known to fabricate ahadeeth and he has false and troublesome narrations which some of it were already mentioned, and Husain bin Mu’aadh is almost like him, Al-Khateeb said (regarding him): He is not trustworthy and his hadeeth is fabricated.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://ummuabdulazeez.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/fabricated-hadeeth-warning/|title= Fabricated Hadeeth Warning|publisher= Talibatul `ilm|author= Umm Abdulazeez, Abu AbdirRahmaan (Trans.)|date= April 19, 2012|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://ummuabdulazeez.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/fabricated-hadeeth-warning/&date=2012-11-17|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

====Poverty is my pride, and do favors for the poor====

Several hadith concerning the poor have been classed as maudu (fabricated).

{{Quote||They report that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “Do favours for the poor, for tomorrow they will have authority, and what authority!” and, “Poverty is my pride and I boast of it.” Both of these are lies and are not known in any way in the well known books of the Muslims. . . . 
They report that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “The poor will sit down on the Day of Resurrection, and [Allaah] will say, ‘By My Glory and Majesty, I did not deprive you of worldly things because you are insignificant. Rather I wanted to raise your status on this Day. Go to the place where the people are standing, and whoever gave you a piece of bread, or water to drink, or clothes to wear, take him to Paradise .’” The shaykh said: this report is a lie which was not narrated by any of the scholars of hadeeth. It is baatil (false) and goes against the Qur’aan and Sunnah and scholarly consensus (ijmaa’).<ref name="Ibn Taymiyyah">{{cite web|url= http://www.islamicemirate.com/articles/hadith/2019-ibn-taymiyyah-refutes-many-sufi-weak-aamp-fabricated-hadiths.html|title= Ibn Taymiyyah Refutes Many Sufi Weak & Fabricated Hadiths|publisher= IslamicEmirate|author= |series= (from: Al-Fataawa al-Kubra, 5/88-93)|date= accessed November 20, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.islamicemirate.com/articles/hadith/2019-ibn-taymiyyah-refutes-many-sufi-weak-aamp-fabricated-hadiths.html&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

====To love your country is a part of Iman (your faith)====

This hadith has been classed as maudu (fabricated).

{{Quote||Hadith 43

To love your country is a part of Iman.

Classified fabricated by Saghaani.<ref name="100Fabr">{{cite web|url= http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/books/100FabricatedHadith.pdf|title= 100 Fabricated Hadiths|publisher= Darul Islam Publishers|author= Shaikh Abdullah Faisal|date= 2000|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/books/100FabricatedHadith.pdf&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

====A stingy person shall never be allowed to enter Paradise====

This hadith has been classed as maudu (fabricated).

{{Quote||Hadith 67

Allah has sworn that He shall never allow a stingy person to enter the Paradise.

Related by Ibn Asaakir and classified fabricated by ad-Daar Qutnee who said a liar was found in the chain of transmitters by the name of Muhammad Ibn Zakaria Al Ghulaabi.<ref name="100Fabr">{{cite web|url= http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/books/100FabricatedHadith.pdf|title= 100 Fabricated Hadiths|publisher= Darul Islam Publishers|author= Shaikh Abdullah Faisal|date= 2000|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/books/100FabricatedHadith.pdf&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

====Muhammad's parents brought to life so they could go to heaven====

According to sahih narrations, Muhammad's parents, and even his supportive uncle,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cmje.org/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/023-sbt.php#002.023.442|title= Sahih Bukhari Volume 2, Book 23 - Funerals (Al-Janaa'iz), Number 442|publisher= USC-MSA, [[Compendium of Muslim Texts]]|author= M. Muhsin Khan (Trans.)|date= accessed November 20, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.cmje.org/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/023-sbt.php#002.023.442&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref> are in eternal hell-fire. Anything to the contrary (i.e. claims that they were brought back to life so they could die as Muslims and go to heaven) have been classed as fabricated or very weak.

{{Quote||There is no saheeh hadeeth which says that Allaah, may He be exalted, brought the parents of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) back to life, and that they believed in him then died. Rather the saheeh ahaadeeth that have been narrated indicated that they died in kufr and that they are among the people of Hell.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/70297/fabricated%2520hadeeth|title= How sound is the hadeeth about the parents of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) being brought back to life?|publisher= Islam Q&A|author= |series=Fatwa No. 70297|date= accessed January 31, 2012|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/70297/fabricated%2520hadeeth&date=2012-01-31|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

{{Quote||This view [that the parents of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) will be saved (from Hell), and that Allaah brought them back to life after they had died and they believed in him] was rejected by the majority of scholars who ruled that the ahaadeeth which indicate that are fabricated (mawdoo’) or very weak (da’eef jiddan).

It says in ‘Awn al-Ma’bood:

Most of the reports that been narrated to the effect that the parents of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) were brought back to life and believed in him and were saved are fabricated and false. Some of them are very weak and cannot be saheeh under any circumstances, as the imams of hadeeth are unanimously agreed that they are fabricated, such as al-Daaraqutni, al-Jawzaqaani, Ibn Shaheen, al-Khateeb, Ibn ‘Asaakir, Ibn Naasir, Ibn al-Jawzi, al-Suhayli, al-Qurtubi, al-Muhibb, al-Tabari, Fath al-Deen ibn Sayyid al-Naas, Ibraaheem al-Halabi and others. The scholar Ibraaheem al-Halabi explained at length the fact that the parents of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) have not been saved from Hell in a separate essay, as did ‘Ali al-Qaari in Sharh al-Fiqh al-Akbar and in a separate essay. The basis for this opinion is the soundness of this hadeeth (“My father and your father are in Hell”). Shaykh Jalaal al-Deen al-Suyooti differed from the huffaaz and scholars and affirmed that they had believed and had been saved, and he wrote numerous essays on that topic, including al-Ta’zeem wa’l-Minnah fi anna Abaway Rasool-Illaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) fi’l-Jannah.

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked: Is there any saheeh report from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) that Allaah brought his parents back to life so that they could become Muslims, then they died (again) after that?

He replied: There is no saheeh report to that effect from the scholars of hadeeth. Rather the scholars are agreed that this is an invented lie… There is no dispute among the scholars that this is one of the most obvious of fabrications, as was stated by those who have knowledge. That does not appear in any of the reliable books of hadeeth, either in the Saheehs or the Sunans or the Musnads or any other well-known books of hadeeth. It was not mentioned by the authors of the books of Maghaazi or Tafseer, even though they narrated da’eef (weak) reports along with saheeh (sound) ones. The fact that this is a lie is clear to any one who has any knowledge of religion. If such a thing had happened there would have been a great deal of motivation to transmit it, because it is something that is extraordinary on two counts: the raising of the dead and believing after death. Such a thing would have been more deserving of being transmitted than anything else. Since no trustworthy narrated transmitted it, it may be understood that this is a lie.

Moreover, this goes against the Qur’aan and the saheeh Sunnah, and the consensus of the scholars. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Allaah accepts only the repentance of those who do evil in ignorance and foolishness and repent soon afterwards; it is they whom Allaah will forgive and Allaah is Ever All‑Knower, All‑Wise.

18. And of no effect is the repentance of those who continue to do evil deeds until death faces one of them and he says: ‘Now I repent;’ nor of those who die while they are disbelievers”

[al-Nisa’ 4:17-18]

So Allaah states that there is no repentance for one who dies as a disbeliever. And Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Then their Faith (in Islamic Monotheism) could not avail them when they saw Our punishment. (Like) this has been the way of Allaah in dealing with His slaves. And there the disbelievers lost utterly (when Our Torment covered them)”

[Ghaafir 40:85]

So He tells us that the way in which He deals with His slaves is that faith will be to no avail once they have seen the punishment, so how about after death? And there are other similar texts. Then he quoted the two hadeeth which we quoted at the beginning of our answer.

Majmoo’ al-Fataawa, 4/325-327.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://islamqa.com/en/ref/47170/hell|title= Are the parents of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in Paradise or in Hell?|publisher= Islam Q&A|author= |series=Fatwa No. 47170|date= accessed June 8, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://islamqa.com/en/ref/47170/hell&date=2011-06-08|deadurl=no}}</ref>}}

{{Core Propaganda}}

==See Also==

{{Hub4|Lists|Lists}}
{{Hub4|Hadith|Hadith}}

==External Links==
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.thereligionislam.com/islamicideology/scienceofhadith.htm|2=2011-11-20}} The Science of Hadith, by Dr. Suhaib Hassan]
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_251_300/52_weak_ahadith.htm|2=2011-11-20}} 52 Weak Ahadith, by Ibrahim B. Syed]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Islamic Propaganda]]

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2016-02-25T03:35:52Z

Axius: white list

# <pre>
# External URLs matching this list will *not* be blocked even if they would
# have been blocked by blacklist entries.
#
# Syntax is as follows:
# * Everything from a "#" character to the end of the line is a comment
# * Every non-blank line is a regex fragment which will only match hosts inside URLs

is\.gd
www\.google\.com
allaahuakbar\.net

#</pre>

Talk:Mawdu' (Fabricated Hadith)

2016-02-25T03:33:05Z

Axius:

I wanted to change "taht" to "that", but the article can't be saved, because spam filter blocks the reference to site allaahuakber or what.--[[User:Prekladator|Prekladator]] ([[User talk:Prekladator|talk]]) 19:47, 24 February 2016 (EST)
:I also cant do it. The main site admin exmoose will have to remove the anti-spam for that site. I'll check again later. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 22:33, 24 February 2016 (EST)

Salah

2016-02-22T11:33:39Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 37.254.219.162 (talk) to last revision by Sahab

[[File:Praying towards the Ka'aba.JPG|right|thumb|250px|'''Top-left:''' Due to the sphericity of the earth, a prayer in any direction will point towards the sky/outer-space, not Mecca. '''Top-right:''' People who are located on the opposite 'side' of the earth would have to pray vertically down towards the center of the earth, and would also blaspheme against Allah, because they defecate toward the direction of the Ka'aba when they answer the call of nature. '''Bottom-left:''' If we use the traditional Muslim method of determining qiblah (i.e. a great circle) this would still be blasphemous because you would be simultaneously praying with your face and backside aimed towards the Ka'aba. '''Bottom-right:''' There is one point on the opposite 'side' of the earth where any direction for all 360 degrees would be facing 'towards' Mecca and consequently, there would be no one direction that would be the correct one.]]
'''Salāh''' or '''salāt''' (صلاة) is one of the [[Five Pillars of Islam]]. It is the practice of formal [[prayers|prayer]] in [[Islam]], and is compulsory ([[fard]]) for all Muslims. It is a ritual prayer, having prescribed conditions, procedures, and times. Muslims must wash before prayer; this washing is called [[Ablution|wudu]] ("purification").
==Number of Prayers==

Most of the Five Pillars are absent from the [[Qur'an]]. Thus it only mentions three daily prayers; salat al-Fajr (dawn prayer),<ref name="2 prayers">"''who believe! let those whom your right hands possess, and the (children) among you who have not come of age ask your permission (before they come to your presence), on three occasions: before morning prayer; the while ye doff your clothes for the noonday heat; and after the late-night prayer: these are your three times of undress: outside those times it is not wrong for you or for them to move about attending to each other: Thus does Allah make clear the Signs to you: for Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom. ''" - {{Quran|24|58}}</ref> salat al-Isha'a (night prayer)<ref name="2 prayers"></ref> and salat al-Wusta (the middle prayer, now al Zuhr).<ref>"''Guard strictly your (habit of) prayers, especially the Middle Prayer; and stand before Allah in a devout (frame of mind). ''" - {{Quran|2|238}}</ref> It is the [[hadith]] that put the number of daily prayers at five.

===Prescribed Times===

The prescribed time periods (waqt) for daily prayers are as follows:

#Salat Al Fajr – Dawn to sunrise.
#Salat Al Zuhr – After true noon until Asr.
#Salat Al Asr - Afternoon.
#Salat Al Maghrib – After sunset until dusk.
#Salat Al Isha'a – Dusk until dawn.

==Direction of Prayer==

According to the Qur'an<ref>"''We have seen the turning of thy face to heaven (for guidance, O Muhammad). And now verily We shall make thee turn (in prayer) toward a qiblah which is dear to thee. So turn thy face toward the Inviolable Place of Worship, and ye (O Muslims), wheresoever ye may be, turn your faces (when ye pray) toward it...''" - {{Quran|2|144}}</ref> Muslims must pray towards the [[Kaaba|Ka'aba]] (qiblah being the direction that one has to face in order to do this). This would only be possible if the [[Flat Earth and the Quran| earth was flat]], and is just [[The Ramadan Pole Paradox|one of the problems]] which indirectly indicate that the narrator/writer of the Qur'an believed in a flat earth model.

===Problems===

====Praying from a Sphere====

Due to the sphericity of the earth, a prayer in any direction will point towards the sky/outer-space, not Mecca.

====Praying from a Great Distance====

For people who are praying a great distance from Mecca, their qiblah would be somewhere down towards the ground, and the people who are located on the opposite 'side' of the earth would have to pray vertically downward towards the center of the earth.

So, for example, Muslims in the Solomon Islands in fact blaspheme against Allah, because they defecate toward the direction of the Ka'aba when they answer the call of nature.

====Using a Great Circle====

Even if we were to use the traditional Muslim method of determining qiblah (i.e. a [[W:Great circle|great circle]]) this would still be blasphemous because you would be simultaneously praying with your face and backside aimed towards the Ka'aba.

====Praying from the Opposite Side====

There would also be one location on Earth where a Muslim could be standing at the opposite side of Earth in relation to the Ka'aba (for example if the Ka'aba was at the North Pole and the Muslim was standing on the South Pole). For this location, any direction for all 360 degrees would be facing 'towards' Mecca and consequently, there would be no one direction that would be the correct one.

==Hadith==

===Children===

According to Prophet [[Muhammad]], a [[children|child]] should be commanded to pray at the age of seven, and be beaten for prayer when they reach the age of ten.<ref>"''Narrated As-Saburah: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Command a boy to pray when he reaches the age of seven years. When he becomes ten years old, then beat him for prayer.''" - {{Abu Dawud|2|494}}</ref><ref>"''Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As: The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) said: Command your children to pray when they become seven years old, and beat them for it (prayer) when they become ten years old; and arrange their beds (to sleep) separately.''" - {{Abu Dawud|2|495}}</ref>

This has often resulted in the abuse of children by Muslim parents, guardians and teachers for not praying/reciting the Qur'an. For example, in Muslim-majority countries like [[Bangladesh]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17938519|title= Bangladesh teacher 'burns' legs of girl pupils|publisher= BBC News|author= Anbarasan Ethirajan|date= May 3, 2012 |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-17938519&date=2013-08-26|deadurl=no}}</ref> and [[Saudi Arabia]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.emirates247.com/crime/region/5-year-old-student-lashed-by-teacher-2012-05-03-1.457038|title= 5-year-old student lashed by teacher|publisher= Emirates 24/7|author= |date= May 3, 2012|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emirates247.com%2Fcrime%2Fregion%2F5-year-old-student-lashed-by-teacher-2012-05-03-1.457038&date=2013-08-26|deadurl=no}}</ref> and even in non-Muslim countries like the [[United Kingdom]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-15256764|title= Child abuse claims at UK madrassas 'tip of iceberg'|publisher= BBC News|author= Fran Abrams|date= October 18, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-15256764&date=2011-10-18|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://zeenews.india.com/news/world/uk-muslim-beat-girl-for-not-reading-enough-quran-jailed_782125.html|title= UK: Muslim beat girl for not reading enough Quran, jailed|publisher= ZeeNews|author= |date= June 16, 2012|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fuk-muslim-beat-girl-for-not-reading-enough-quran-jailed_782125.html&date=2013-08-26|deadurl=no}}</ref> [[Italy]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/english/2012/03/30/visualizza_new.html_158869129.html|title= Supreme court sentences non-Italian father for child abuse|publisher= ANSA|author= |date= March 30, 2012|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ansa.it%2Fweb%2Fnotizie%2Frubriche%2Fenglish%2F2012%2F03%2F30%2Fvisualizza_new.html_158869129.html&date=2013-08-26|deadurl=no}}</ref> and [[Canada]] where a 13-year-old girl was killed by her father for not praying.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.montrealgazette.com/life/Longueuil+girl+dies+after+father+slapped/3653632/story.html |title= Longueuil girl, 13 dies after father slapped her|publisher= The Montreal Gazette |author= René Bruemmer|date= October 11, 2010|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20101015025541%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.montrealgazette.com%2Flife%2FLongueuil%2Bgirl%2Bdies%2Bafter%2Bfather%2Bslapped%2F3653632%2Fstory.html&date=2013-08-26|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2010/10/11/Slapped-teen-girl-dies-post-coma/UPI-43371286832521/|title= Slapped teen girl dies post coma|publisher= UPI|author= |date= October 11, 2010|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FWorld-News%2F2010%2F10%2F11%2FSlapped-teen-girl-dies-post-coma%2FUPI-43371286832521%2F&date=2013-08-26|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.vancouversun.com/news/Girl+dies+after+being+slapped+father+faces+charges/3654887/story.html|title= Girl, 13, dies after being slapped; father faces charges|publisher= The Vancouver Sun|author= René Bruemmer & Max Harrold|date= October 11, 2010|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20101017124547%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.vancouversun.com%2Fnews%2FGirl%2Bdies%2Bafter%2Bbeing%2Bslapped%2Bfather%2Bfaces%2Bcharges%2F3654887%2Fstory.html&date=2013-08-26|deadurl=yes}}</ref>

===Missing Prayers===

Muhammad once commanded a call-maker to lead the prayer, then "take a fire flame to burn all those who had not left their houses so far for the prayer along with their houses."<ref>"''Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "No prayer is harder for the hypocrites than the Fajr and the 'Isha' prayers and if they knew the reward for these prayers at their respective times, they would certainly present themselves (in the mosques) even if they had to crawl." The Prophet added, "Certainly I decided to order the Mu'adh-dhin (call-maker) to pronounce Iqama and order a man to lead the prayer and then take a fire flame to burn all those who had not left their houses so far for the prayer along with their houses."''" - {{Bukhari|1|11|626}}</ref> An old man who refused to prostrate in prayer was also "killed as a non-believer."<ref>"''Narrated 'Abdullah bin Masud : The Prophet recited Suratan-Najm (103) at Mecca and prostrated while reciting it and those who were with him did the same except an old man who took a handful of small stones or earth and lifted it to his forehead and said, "This is sufficient for me." Later on, I saw him killed as a non-believer.''" - {{Bukhari|2|19|173}}</ref><ref>"''Narrated 'Abdullah bin Masud: The Prophet recited Surat-an-Najm (53) and prostrated while reciting it and all the people prostrated and a man amongst the people took a handful of stones or earth and raised it to his face and said, "This is sufficient for me." Later on I saw him killed as a non-believer.''" - {{Bukhari|2|19|176}}</ref>

===Passing Women===

It was reported by [[Aisha]] in several [[sahih]] hadith that Muhammad said, "Prayer is annulled by a dog, a donkey and a woman (if they pass in front of the praying people)." She also protested about how this rule equated women to [[animals]].<ref>"''Narrated 'Aisha: The things which annul the prayers were mentioned before me. They said, "Prayer is annulled by a dog, a donkey and a woman (if they pass in front of the praying people)." I said, "You have made us (i.e. women) dogs. I saw the Prophet praying while I used to lie in my bed between him and the Qibla. Whenever I was in need of something, I would slip away. for I disliked to face him."''" - {{Bukhari|1|9|490}}</ref><ref>"''Narrated 'Aisha: The things which annual prayer were mentioned before me (and those were): a dog, a donkey and a woman. I said, "You have compared us (women) to donkeys and dogs. By Allah! I saw the Prophet praying while I used to lie in (my) bed between him and the Qibla. Whenever I was in need of something, I disliked to sit and trouble the Prophet. So, I would slip away by the side of his feet."''" - {{Bukhari|1|9|493}}</ref>

==Friday Prayers==

The Friday prayer (Jumu'ah) is a congregational prayer performed in [[mosques]] that replaces the zuhr prayer performed on the other six days of the week. It is compulsory for men to attend and has been mentioned in the Qur'an.<ref>"''O ye who believe! When the call is proclaimed to prayer on Friday (the Day of Assembly), hasten earnestly to the Remembrance of Allah, and leave off business (and traffic): That is best for you if ye but knew! And when the Prayer is finished, then may ye disperse through the land, and seek of the Bounty of Allah: and celebrate the Praises of Allah often (and without stint): that ye may prosper.''" - {{Quran-range|62|9|10}}</ref> According to Sahih Muslim, prayer is regarded as a dividing line between a believer and a [[non-Muslims|non-believer]], and under the Hanbali [[Madh'hab|school of thought]], a person who does not perform the required prayers is a disbeliever.

===Attendance Rates===

====Muslim World====

Attendance is dropping in some Arab countries, principally among younger Arabs.<ref>Wassim El Kadhi (April 2009), "[http://www.bookdepository.co.uk/Cross-Cultural-Destination-Image-Assessment-Wassim-El-Kadhi/9783836672238? Cross-Cultural Destination Image Assessment: Cultural Segmentation Versus the Global Tourist]", Diplomica Verlag Gmbh,
ISBN 9783836672238 p.55</ref> [[Iran]] has the lowest mosque attendance of any Muslim country, with no more than 1-1½% attending Friday prayers, and a lot of those who do are "dragooned into being there."<ref>"A secular democracy-in-waiting", The Economist (print edition), January 16, 2003</ref>

====Europe====

Muslim immigrants who have lived less than a year in [[Europe]] regularly go to the mosque. But after they have lived more than a year in their new homeland, the figure drops to 48.8%. More than half rarely or never go to the mosque to pray.<ref name="Aft">[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/uriks/article3670269.ece|2=2012-11-30}} Europeiske muslimer dropper moskeen] - Aftenposten (Norwegian), May 29, 2010 ([http://islamineurope.blogspot.com/2010/05/eu-muslims-go-to-mosque-less-often.html English translation])</ref>

=====Netherlands=====

In the [[Netherlands]], mosque attendance is actually dropping faster than church attendance. In 1998, 47 percent of Muslims would attend mosque at least once a month. This figure fell by 12 percent in 2008 to only 35 percent. Whilst church attendance for Catholics fell by only 8 percent, and church attendance amongst Protestants showed no change, remaining at 63 percent.<ref>Jeroen Langelaar - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.elsevier.nl/web/10242197/Nieuws/Nederland/Steeds-minder-Nederlanders-naar-kerk-of-moskee.htm|2=2011-07-05}} Steeds minder Nederlanders naar kerk of moskee] - Elsevier, July 29, 2009</ref>

====United Kingdom====

Similarly in the United Kingdom, 48% of Muslims never attend a mosque, with another 6% only attending for special occasions rather than Friday prayers.<ref name="C4NOP">Anthony Wells - [{{Reference archive|1=http://ukpollingreport.co.uk/blog/archives/291|2=2013-03-21}} NOP Poll of British Muslims] - UK Polling Report, August 8, 2006</ref>

====United States====

According to Ahmed Nassef (co-founder and editor in chief of MuslimWakeUp.com) less than 7 percent of Muslims in the [[United States]] attend mosque regularly, compared with 38 percent of Christians who attend church weekly.<ref>Ahmed Nassef (cofounder and editor in chief of MuslimWakeUp.com) - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0421/p09s02-coop.html|2=2012-11-30}} Listen to Muslim silent majority in US] - CSM, April 21, 2004</ref>

==Miscellaneous==

===Al Fatiha===

[[Surah]] [[Al-Fatiha|al-Fatiha]] is recited as part of all daily prayers and repeated within each prayer. A Muslim who says all their prayers would recite this surah at least 17 times a day, and over 5,000 times a year. According to hadith, "those who went astray" are the Christians and "those who earned Allah's anger" are the Jews.<ref>Sunan Abi Dawood, narrated by Adi ibn Hatim</ref><ref>Sunan al-Tirmidhi, narrated by Adi ibn Hatim</ref><ref>"''These two paths are the paths of the Christians and Jews, a fact that the believer should beware of so that he avoids them. … the Jews abandoned practicing the religion, while the Christians lost the true knowledge. This is why ‘anger’ descended upon the Jews, while being described as ‘led astray’ is more appropriate of the Christians. … We should also mention that both the Christians and the Jews have earned the anger and are led astray, but the anger is one of the attributes more particular of the Jews. Allah said about the Jews, ‘Those (Jews) who incurred the curse of Allah and His wrath’ (Sura 5:60). The attribute that the Christians deserve most is that of being led astray, just as Allah said about them, ‘Who went astray before and who misled many, and strayed (themselves) from the right path’ (Sura 5:77) [...] Imam Ahmad recorded that ‘Adi bin Hatim said, … he [Muhammad] said: ‘Those who have earned the anger are the Jews and those who are led astray are the Christians.’''" - [http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=1&tid=523 The Faithful ask for and abide by Guidance], Tafsir Ibn Kathir </ref> Thus the daily prayers of every Muslim include a rejection of [[Islam and the People of the Book|Christians and Jews]] as misguided and objects of [[Allah]]’s wrath.

==See Also==

* [[Flat Earth and the Quran]]
{{Hub4|Prayers|Prayers}}

==External Links==

*[{{Reference archive|1=http://vladtepesblog.com/?p=26628|2=2011-05-13}} Longueuil girl, 13 dies after father slapped her] ''- A Muslim child killed in Canada. Neighbours say she was under pressure to pray''

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Terms and Definitions]]
[[Category:Islam and Science]]
[[Category:Statistics]]

O webu WikiIslam

2016-02-20T22:50:27Z

Axius: thank you! Removing template not implemented ({{wikiislam|abc). This page should be linked on Czech's home page if it exists

[[Image:Infosymbol.png|80px|thumb|right|link=Category:WikiIslam]]
'''WikiIslam''' je komunitou spravovaná [[websites|webová stránka]], která se zaměřuje na kritiku [[Islam|Islámu]], přičemž zároveň umožňuje [[:Category:Pro-Islamic Content|pro-islámské odpovědi]] v oddělených článcích. Běží to na softwaru, který používá [[Wikipedia|Wikipedie]] a jiné podobné stránky.

==O projektu==

Cílem encyklopedie WikiIslam je stát se nejpřesnějším a nejúplnějším zdrojem informací o islámu. Tyto zdroje se zakládají především na přímých zdrojích - [[Korán|Koránu]], [[hadith|hadísech]] a islámských učencích. Wikiislam zastává racionální přístup a vyznačuje se kritickým prověřováním [[Islam and Propaganda|islámské propagandy]] a [[Islam and Science|islámské pseudovědy]].

Web si klade za cíl zůstat neutrální vůči jiným náboženstvím, světovým názorům a záležitostem politické povahy, jako jsou: imigrace, multikulturalismus a izraelsko-palestinský konflikt, a stejně tak se distancovat od extremismu, snah o laciné senzace a emotivní hodnocení. Web dá faktům prostor, aby hovořily samy za sebe.

Navzdory kritice<ref name="Criticism"></ref> Wikiislam [[WikiIslam:Policies_and_Guidelines#Viewpoint|nabádá autory]], aby používali přednostně nezpochybňitelná a odborná fakta, a ozdrojuje je, kdykoliv je to možné. Vydatně používá zásadní primární i doplňující pro-islámské zdroje, jako jsou: [[Compendium of Muslim Texts]], [[The History of al-Tabari]] a [[fatwa|fatwy]] ze současných mainstreamových islámských webů.

Wikiislam je mezinárodní web s redaktory a přispěvateli z celého světa, čemuž odpovídají směrnice týkající se obsahu. Například není upřednostňován žádný specifický region a stejně tak vývoji islámu v [[Asia|Asii]] nebo v [[Africa|Africe]] je věnována stejná pozornost jako vývoji islámu v [[Europe|Evropě]], nebo v [[Americas|Americe]].

==Historie==

Wikiislam byl vytvořen 27. října 2005 ve spolupráci s [[Ali Sina|Ali Sinou]] a webem [[Faith Freedom International]], který projektu poskytl prostor na serveru. Stránka byla v testovací fázi po dobu přibližně jednoho roku a 4.září 2006 byla zpřístupněna veřejnosti.

V září 2007, byl FFI ([[Faith Freedom International]]) server v důsledku útoku hackerů po dobu téměř jednoho měsíce mimo provoz a v důsledku problémů se serverem byla editace webu téměř na jeden rok znemožněna.

V srpnu 2008 byla stránka vyčleněna z webu FFI a od té doby je provozována nezávisle, aniž by byla provozována nebo provázána s nějakou organizací.

==Přijetí==

===Nemuslimové===

Když Göran Larsson v prosinci 2006 poprvé představil po třech měsících ostrého provozu WIKIISLAM na konferenci ve [[Švédsku|Sweden]], projekt byl teprve v plenkách a Larsson byl velmi kritický.

Současný WIKIISLAM se řídí jednotnými směrnicemi a pokyny, obsahuje tisíce stran informací včetně zdrojů z originálních muslimských webů a s původním projektem má společné jen jméno. Zůstal pouze název a přesvědčení, že web není z principu "islamofobní"..<ref>Göran Larsson - [http://www.springerlink.com/content/p02g0g86387j4t62/ Cyber-Islamophobia? The case of WikiIslam] - Contemporary Islam: Volume 1, Number 1, 53-67, DOI: 10.1007/s11562-007-0002-2</ref>

Navzdory tomu, co je občas tvrzeno,<ref name="Criticism"></ref> WikiIslamu se nedostalo žádné pozornosti od zpravodajských agentur, jako je Associated Press (AP), nicméně, jeho ne-partizánský přístup ke kritice způsobil, že je na stránku odkazováno, nebo referencováno různými významnými stránkami jako as ''RichardDawkins.net''<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://richarddawkins.net/links?page=5|2=2012-02-07}} About/ Links] - RichardDawkins.net, accessed February 7, 2012</ref> a ''GreenProphet.com''.<ref>Tafline Laylin - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.greenprophet.com/2011/12/rain-prayers-sunny-friday/|2=2012-02-07}} Muslim President Calls for Rain Prayers on Sunny Friday] - Green Prophet, December 28, 2011</ref> Byla také citována Dr. Heather Deegan, v její knize, ''Africa Today: Culture, Economics, Religion, Security'',<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.amazon.com/Africa-Today-Economics-Religion-Security/dp/0415418844/|title= Africa Today: Culture, Economics, Religion, Security|publisher= Routledge|author= Heather Deegan|date=December 26, 2008 |page= 100|isbn= 978-0415418843|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FAfrica-Today-Economics-Religion-Security%2Fdp%2F0415418844%2F&date=2013-07-20|deadurl=no}}</ref> Prof. Carlos Brebbia v jeho knize, ''Disaster Management and Human Health Risk III: Reducing Risk, Improving Outcomes'',<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.amazon.com/Disaster-Management-Human-Health-Risk/dp/1845647386|title= Disaster Management and Human Health Risk III: Reducing Risk, Improving Outcomes|publisher= Wit Pr/Computational Mechanics|author= C. A. Brebbia|date= July 9, 2013|page= 366|isbn= 978-1845647384|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FDisaster-Management-Human-Health-Risk%2Fdp%2F1845647386&date=2013-07-25|deadurl=no}}</ref> a Dr. Stefan Kirchner v jeho listu publikovaném v ''Baltic Journal of Law & Politics''.<ref>"[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/bjlp.2011.4.issue-1/v10076-011-0003-6/v10076-011-0003-6.xml|2=2013-07-20}} Faith, Ethics and Religious Norms in a Globalized Environment: Freedom of Religion as a Challenge to the Regulation of Islamic Finance in Europe]". Baltic Journal of Law & Politics. Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 52–82, ISSN (Online) 2029-0454, ISSN (Print) , DOI: 10.2478/v10076-011-0003-6, August 2011</ref>

===Muslimové===

S ohledem na zaměření webu je většina reakcí z muslimského světa negativní. <ref name="Criticism">For responses to various criticisms of WikiIslam, visit the ''[http://islamo-criticism.blogspot.com/p/criticism-of-wikiislam.html Criticism of WikiIslam]'' section of the ''[http://islamo-criticism.blogspot.com/ IslamoCriticism]'' blog.</ref> Ozývají se požadavky na zákaz a vypnutí serveru pomocé hackerských útoků,<ref>''"Someone needs to shut it down. any hackers out here?"'' - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.ummah.com/forum/showthread.php?365182-Solving-the-Wiki-islam-problem|2=2013-05-24}} Solving the Wiki-islam problem], DamirK, Ummah Forum, May 24, 2013</ref><ref>''"Its sad, Saudi have hackers who can hack and take down a lot of crap stuff on the internet but they never seem to notice what should be taken care of."'' - [http://lostinriyadh.blogspot.com/2012/03/for-my-readers-in-saudi-infact-for.html For my readers in Saudi, infact for anyone], LostInRiyadh.blogspot.com (comment by Dentographer, March 4, 2012)</ref> a byl [[Websites Censored by Islamic Governments|zakázán]] v [[Saudi Arabia|Saudské Arábii]] a umístěn na saúdskoarabskou černou listinu [[pornography|pornografie]], přestože web neobsahuje nic pornografické povahy.<ref>A screenshot can be viewed [[:File:Wikiislam com-aug-2011-ksa.png|here]]</ref>

Neustálé útoky, vyhrožování smrtí a porušování směrnic muslimskými editory vedlo Wikiislam, obdobně jako německou Wikipedii, k implementaci “[[WikiIslam:Pending Changes Protection|Ochrany monitorováním úprav]]”, což znamená, že úpravy článků jsou i nadále otevřeny všem včetně uživatelů IP, ale úpravy jsou zveřejněny až po jejich kontrole.

Nicméně, s ohledem na časté citace uznávaných primárních a sekundárních islámských textů, se Wikiislam dočkal rovněž uznání z řad muslimů, například za články [[Sex Segregation in Islam|Odlišnost mezi muži a ženami]]<ref>"''I usually wouldn't endorse a site like this, but in this case all of the sources were referenced in great detail.''" - [http://www.facebook.com/notes/abdul-malik-merchant/women-traveling-and-free-mixing-in-islam-/216934245018326 Women: Traveling and free-mixing in Islam …], Abdul-Malik Merchant, Student at Umm al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia, July 13, 2011</ref> a [[List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad|Seznam vražd nařízených Prorokem Mohamedem]]<ref>"''In fact mockery is the main cause of executions ordered by our prophet (Sm)...i already told it to @RiasatKhan .. here is the link though its an anti islam site... but the historical facts / causes of execution mentioned there are reliable..look 4 Yellow colors, they were executed for mockery. Is this Musa Ibrahim scholar of Islam?? List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad - WikiIslam. Sorry for the anti islam site... i couldnt find any other site written in such short and organized way.''" - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.defence.pk/forums/bangladesh-defence/233660-shahbagh-square-new-rise-65.html|2=2013-02-17}} SHAHBAGH SQUARE-A NEW RISE], Kobiraaz (an established Muslim member who joined in Oct 2010, and has been thanked 7867 times for 7,237 post), Pakistan Defence forum, February 17, 2013</ref> článků jako je [[List of Fabricated Hadith|Seznam zfalšovaných hadísů (výroků Proroka Mohameda)]]<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://shehbaazmind.blogspot.com/2011/08/some-links-where-you-can-find-some-weak.html|2=2012-09-10}} Some Links Where You Can Find Some Weak And Fabricated Hadeeths Exposed] - ShehbaazMind, August 17, 2011</ref><ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://beliefinunseen.blogspot.com/2012/09/weak-and-fabricated-hadith.html|2=2012-09-10}} Weak and fabricated hadith] - Belief In The Unseen, September 7, 2012</ref> a [[Chronological Order of the Qur'an|Chronologický pořádek Koránu]]<ref>Dawud Israel - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.sunniforum.com/forum/showthread.php?107518-NOTES-from-Tafsir-Maariful-Qur-an-of-Mufti-Taqi-Shafi-Usmani|2=2013-06-01}} NOTES from Tafsir Maariful Qur'an of Mufti Taqi/Shafi Usmani] - Sunni Forum, June 1, 2013</ref> je muslimy používán jako zdroj.

==Návštěvnost==

WikiIslam hostuje {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} článků. Průměrná návštěvnost je přes 250 000 návštěvníků měsíčně, kteří každý měsíc přečtou okolo půl milionu stránek. Od října 2013 stránka figuruje v žebříčku nejčtenějších 70 000 světových stránek hodnocených dle serveru Alexa. <ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexa.com%2Fsiteinfo%2Fwww.wikiislam.net&date=2013-10-19|title= Wikiislam.net|publisher= Alexa.com|author= |date= accessed October 19, 2013|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref>

Stejně jako mnoho jiných stránek kritických vůči islámu, návštěvnost webu není "eurocentrická" Většina čtenářů pochází z Východu nebo států s muslimskou většinou, jako jsou [[Pakistan|Pákistán]], [[Bangladesh|Bangladéš]], [[India|Indie]], [[Malaysia|Malajsie]], [[Egypt]], [[United Arab Emirates|Spojené Arabské Emiráty]], a [[Singapore|Singapur]].<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/www.wikiislam.net|2=2011-11-28}} Wikiislam.net/ Audience] - Alexa.com, accessed November 28, 2011</ref> Obdobně, většina administrátorů a editorů má muslimské zázemí, nebo pochází z řad skeptiků v zemích s muslimskou většinou.

Stránka v současné době [[WikiIslam:Join the Team#Ways_To_Help_Us|hledá editory]] na překlady specifických článků do těchto jazyků: indonéština, Urdu, bengálština a [[Arabic|Arabština]]. Na webu se nacházejí články v těchto jazycích: [[:Category:Other_Languages|další jazyky]], včetně [[Les articles en francais - Articles in French|francouštiny]] a [[:Category:Türkçe (Turkish)|turečtiny]]. [[:ru:Заглавная страница|Ruská]] subdoména byla spuštěna začátkem roku 2013 a uveřejňuje rovněž mnoho [[Translations of Arabic/Islamic Media|tiskových zpráv a náboženských fatew]] z islámského světa překládaných do angličtiny z arabštiny.

==Wikipedie==

WikiIslam se primárně zaměřuje na islámské náboženství, zatímco Wikipedie je kompendium všeobecných znalostí. Tyto odlišné cíle vedou k odlišným směrnicím a charakteru.

Wikipedie nedoporučuje užití primárním a "nevýznamných/ nevěrohodných" zdrojů. Oproti tomu Wikiislam si zakládá na citacích autentických, primárních, náboženských textů a nařízení uznávaných muslimských učenců, kteří nemusejí být známí v nemuslimském světě, ale v muslimských zemích mají velkou autoritu a vliv.

Wikipedie se soustředí na "ověřitelnost, nikoliv pravdu".<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability,_not_truth|2=2012-02-10}} Verifiability, not truth] - Wikipedia, accessed February 10, 2012</ref> ve vztahu k islámu to znamená, že přijatelné jsou jen názory "významných/ důvěryhodných" západních komentátorů na náboženské texty a muslimy, a prohlášení muslimů o sobě samých. Oproti tomu Wikiislam zohledňuje, co náboženské texty a muslimové říkají o názorech a vysvětleních západních komentátorů.

==Další odkazy==

*[[Clanky v ceskem jazyce - Articles in Czech|Články v českém jazyce (Articles in Czech)]] ''- Přehled všech článků v českém jazyce na WikiIslam''

'''Anglicky'''

*[[WikiIslam:Frequently Asked Questions|Nejčastější dotazy (anglicky)]]
*[[WikiIslam:Policies_and_Guidelines#A quick guide to acceptable contributions|Směrnice a pokyny (anglicky)]]
*[[What People Say About WikiIslam| Napsali o nás(anglicky)]]

{{Template:Translation-links-czech|[[WikiIslam|anglicky]]}}

==Kontaktujte nás==
Chcete-li nás kontaktovat, můžete [http://wikiislam.net/w/index.php?title=WikiIslam:Forum&action=edit&section=new leave a message|zanechat vzkaz] na stránce fóra. Pro kontakt ohledně autorských práv, klikněte [[WikiIslam:Copyright Issues|zde]]. A pro kontaktování z jiných důležitých důvodů, klikněte [[WikiIslam:Contact Us|zde]].

==Anglické odkazy==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Česky (Czech)]]
[[ru:ВикиИслам:Описание]]

User:Prekladator

2016-02-19T18:09:52Z

Axius:

I want to make translations and your system is blocking me all the time.
:Sorry about that. I detected last night that there could be a problem. You should be able to edit fine now. [[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 13:09, 19 February 2016 (EST)

Al-Fatiha

2016-02-18T11:51:29Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 207.244.86.202 (talk) to last revision by Sahab

== Arabic Text ==

'''1:1''' بِسْمِ اللّهِ الرَّحْمـَنِ الرَّحِيمِ

'''1:2''' الْحَمْدُ للّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ

'''1:3''' الرَّحْمـنِ الرَّحِيمِ

'''1:4''' مَـالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ

'''1:5''' إِيَّاك نَعْبُدُ وإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ

'''1:6''' اهدِنَــــا الصِّرَاطَ المُستَقِيمَ

'''1:7''' صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنعَمتَ عَلَيهِمْ غَيرِ المَغضُوبِ عَلَيهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّينَ

== Transliteration ==

'''1:1''' ''Bi-smi-llāhi -r-raḥmāni -r-raḥīm(i)''

'''1:2''' ''Al-ḥamdu -li-llāhi rabbi -l-`ālamīn(a)''

'''1:3''' ''Ar-raḥmāni -r-raḥīm(i)''

'''1:4''' ''Māliki yawmi -d-dīn(i)''

'''1:5''' '' 'Iyyāka na`budu wa-'iyyāka nasta`īn(u)''

'''1:6''' ''Ihdinā -ṣ-ṣirāṭa -l-mustaqīm(a)''

'''1:7''' ''Ṣirāṭa -l-laḏīna 'an`amta `alayhim ġayri-l-maġḍūbi `alayhim wa-lā -ḍ-ḍāllīn(a)''<ref>Arabic text and original transliteration are from [[w:Al-Fatiha|Al-Fatiha]], accessed September 5, 2008.</ref>

== Word-for-Word Translation ==

'''1:1''' In-name-GEN-of Allah-GEN-of the-merciful-GEN the-compassionate-(GEN)

'''1:2''' The-praise-NOM to-Allah-GEN lord-GEN-of the-world-PL-OBL

'''1:3''' The-merciful-GEN the-compassionate-(GEN)

'''1:4''' Ruler-GEN-of day-GEN-of the-judgement-(GEN)

'''1:5''' ? serve-IMPF-2PL and-? <implore for help>-IMPF-2PL

'''1:6''' Guide-IMPR-2S-OBJ-2PL the-path-ACC-of the-straight-ACC

'''1:7''' Path-ACC-of the-<those who>-2M.PL favor-PERF-2M.S upon-OBJ-2M.PL <other than>-GEN anger-PART-PASS-S-GEN upon-OBJ-2M.PL and-not the-<gone astray>-PL-OBL

== English Translation ==

'''1:1''' In the name of [[Allah]], the merciful and compassionate

'''1:2''' Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds

'''1:3''' The merciful and compassionate

'''1:4''' Ruler of the day of judgment

'''1:5''' [It is thee] we serve and [it is thee] we implore for help

'''1:6''' Guide us to (or show us) the path of the straight (i.e., righteous)

'''1:7''' Path of those whom you favor, not those who anger you and not those who have gone astray

== Translation notes ==

'''1:1''' In بِسْمِ اللّهِ, "In the name of Allah", the [[w:basmala | basmala]], the word "the" is implied. This would read well as "By the name of Allah".

'''1:2''' Arabic generally does not use the [[w:compula | copula]], so the subjunctive "be" is implied.

'''1:3''' This is a repetition of the last two words (not counting the definite articles) of 1:1.

'''1:4''' مَـالِكِ ("ruler") can also be translated as "slave-master". Its use of the genitive indicates that it is a continuation of '''1:3'''.
The correct translation of دِّين, ''dīn'' is "judgement". Compare Hebrew ''dīn'', "judgement, justice, law" from the root ''dyn'', "to judge". The meaning of ''dīn'' as "faith" is unique to Arabic. Perhaps it is best understood as "law", as إﻣان, '' 'imān'', from the root '' 'mn'', means "faith". The Hebrew word for "faith" comes from the same root.

'''1:5''' Already we have an ambiguity in the Qur'an. The words إِيَّاك ('īyāka) and وإِيَّاكَ (wa'īyāka) have no clear translation and no fewer than three variants. Arthur Jeffrey located several Qur'ans with different readings and one without any version of this sura.<ref>Jeffrey, Author, "[http://www.answering-islam.org/Books/Jeffery/fatiha.htm A Variant Text of the Fatiha]"'', The Muslim World'', Volume 29 (1939), pp. 158-162.</ref> One of the variants is the pair حِيَّاك (ḥīyāka) and وإِيَّاكَ (wīyāaka). "[These] seem all to be independent attempts to interpret the unvoweled, unpointed skeleton term ([[w:rasm |rasm]]) that stood in the original codex." (Jeffrey) The most likely translation is a 2nd person masculine singular emphatic accusative (emphatic object).

== Variant Texts ==

As mentioned in '''Translation Notes, 1:5''', Arthur Jeffrey identified several variant texts of this sura. Each has a very different wording, but all express similar sentiments.

== Commentary ==
===In relation to positioning within the Qur'an===
Several lines of evidence converge to show that this was a prayer prepended to the Qur'an, perhaps to be said before reading it. This prayer was composed orally before the pointing of the Qur'an, and changed over time before being forgotten. This prayer may not have been included in the recension that produced the current longest-to-shortest ordering of the suras. When the Qur'an was pointed the pronunciation had been forgotten, which explains the ambiguity of 1:5.

The lines of evidence to support this hypothesis are:

'''1.''' Unlike every other surah, Allah is in the second person. That is, Allah is spoken to. It would be bizarre for the supposed divine author of a revelatory work to speak to himself, particularly, to pledge to serve and seek help from himself.

'''2.''' The major textual variations indicate that this surah was recorded after the period of "revelation". Moreover, they indicate that this surah fell into disuse and its pronunciation had to be reconstructed.

'''3.''' This surah violates the longest-to-shortest organization rule.

One variant lacks the [[w:basmala | basmala]], so it is unlikely to have originated in this surah.

===In relation to Jews and Christians===
The [[hadith]] literature make negative references to the Jews and Christians in connection with this surah.<ref>Sunan Abi Dawood, narrated by Adi ibn Hatim</ref><ref>Sunan al-Tirmidhi, narrated by Adi ibn Hatim</ref>

Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan and Dr. Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali specify Jews and Christians within their translation of Ayah 6-7, which reads:
''Guide us to the Straight Way. The Way of those on whom You have bestowed Your Grace, not (the way) of those who earned Your Anger (such as the Jews), nor of those who went astray (such as the Christians)''.

[[w:Zohurul Hoque|Dr. Zohurul Hoque's]] commentary on Ayah 5-7 reads:

{{Quote||5 Guide us on the (Middle, hence the) Right Path (90:10-18; Matt. 6:11, by protecting us from leaning to either extreme: the rejection or the exaggeration of the Guidance)
6 the path of those upon whom You have bestowed favors (4:69, and taken into Your mercy);
7 not (the path) of those upon whom wrath is brought down (like the Jews, 2:61,90; 3:111; 5:60, who not only rejected 'Isa Masih, but also tried to kill him on the cross, 2:72; 3:53), nor of those gone-astray (from the Right Path, like the Christians, who not only exaggerated 'Isa Masih, 5:77, but also raised the human prophet to godhead, 4:171; 5:73).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qurantoday.com/fatihah.htm|title=Translation and Commentary of the Holy Qur'an|author=Hoque, Dr Zohural|work=Quran Today|accessdate=26 June 2014}}</ref>}}

Dr. Mark Durie, the author of ''The Third Choice: Islam, Dhimmitude and Freedom'', comments:
{{Quote|1=|2=“The best-known chapter of the Quran is al-Fatihah ‘The Opening’. This sura is recited as part of all the mandatory daily prayers – the salat –and repeated within each prayer. A faithful Muslim who said all their prayers would recite this sura at least seventeen times a day, and over five thousand times a year. . . . 
This is a prayer asking Allah’s help to lead the believer along the ‘straight path’. As such it is true to the heart of Islam’s message of guidance.

But who are those who are said to have earned Allah’s wrath, or gone astray from the straight path? Who are these people who deserve to be stigmatized in every Muslim’s prayers, each day, hundreds of thousands of times in many Muslims’ lifetimes?

[http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=1&tid=523 Ibn Kathir’s commentary] explains the meaning of this verse as follows:

These two paths are the paths of the Christians and Jews, a fact that the believer should beware of so that he avoids them. … the Jews abandoned practicing the religion, while the Christians lost the true knowledge. This is why ‘anger’ descended upon the Jews, while being described as ‘led astray’ is more appropriate of the Christians. … We should also mention that both the Christians and the Jews have earned the anger and are led astray, but the anger is one of the attributes more particular of the Jews. Allah said about the Jews, ‘Those (Jews) who incurred the curse of Allah and His wrath’ (Sura 5:60). The attribute that the Christians deserve most is that of being led astray, just as Allah said about them, ‘Who went astray before and who misled many, and strayed (themselves) from the right path’ (Sura 5:77).

Ibn Kathir goes on to cite a hadith in which Muhammad clarified the meaning of this sura:
Imam Ahmad recorded that ‘Adi bin Hatim said, … he [Muhammad] said: ‘Those who have earned the anger are the Jews and those who are led astray are the Christians.’

The verse from Sura 5 which Ibn Kathir refers to concerning Jews is:

Shall I tell you of a recompense with Allah, worse than that? Whomsoever Allah has cursed, and with whom He is wroth, and made some of them apes and swine, and worshippers of idols – they are worse situated, and have gone further astray from the right way. (Sura 5:60)

And the verse concerning Christians:

People of the Book, go not beyond the bounds in your religion, other than the truth, and follow not the caprices of a people who went astray before, and led astray many, and now again have gone astray from the right way. (Sura 5:77)

It is remarkable that the daily prayers of every Muslim, part of the core of Islam, include a rejection of Christians and Jews as misguided and objects of Allah’s wrath.”

To be genuine and effective, reconciliation between Muslims and those they refer to as 'People of the Book' (Jews and Christians), requires that Al-Fatihah and its meaning be discussed openly. That devout Muslims are daily declaring before Allah that Christians have gone astray and Jews are objects of divine wrath, must be considered a matter of central importance for interfaith relations. This is all the more so because the interpretation of verse 7 which relates it to Christians and Jews is soundly based upon the words of Muhammad himself. As Al-Fatihah is the daily worship of Muslims, and represents the very essence of Islam itself, the meaning of these words cannot be ignored or glossed over.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://markdurie.blogspot.com/2009/12/greatest-recitation-of-surat-al-fatiha.html|2=2011-07-25}} The greatest recitation of Surat Al-Fatiha] - MarkDurie.com, December 2, 2009</ref>}}

{{Core Scripture}}

==See Also==
* [[The Origins of the Quran|The Origins of the Qur'an]]
* [[Organization of the Quran|Organization of the Qur'an]]

==External Links==

* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iti-dplakf4 The Greatest Recitation of Surat Al-Fatiha - Fahd Al Kanderi] ''- Youtube video by Muslim''

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Qur'an]]

WikiIslam talk:Sandbox/Muslimské statistiky

2016-02-16T00:14:56Z

Axius: reply

'''''English language page being translated: [[Muslim Statistics]]'''''

Why is this not accepted? I won't do any translations, if you want leave it in Sandbox.
- prekladator
:This specific page is not a good candidate for translation because its the main page of a bigger series (which needs to be done first). So before it can be published into main space, the sub pages need to be done first. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 19:14, 15 February 2016 (EST)

Christians Jews and Muslims in Heaven

2016-02-16T00:12:35Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 14.142.33.226 (talk) to last revision by Heitri2

[[File:Quran 2-62.png|290px|right|thumb]]
This article analyzes the apologetic claim, often used by the [[Ahmadiyya]],<ref>For example, an article by an American Ahmadi named Dr. Faheem Younus, on his Huffington Post‎ blog, titled "[http://islamo-criticism.blogspot.com/2012/04/in-islam-heaven-is-not-exclusive-oh.html In Islam, Heaven Is Not Exclusive]".</ref> that according to [[Islam]], [[Islam and the People of the Book|Christians and Jews]] who adhere to their faiths will enter [[Heaven|Paradise]] alongside Muslims. It also explains what [[Islam and Scripture|Islamic texts]] actually say about Christians and Jews in the Hearafter.
==Qur'an==

===Surah 2:62===

This verse is often quoted in an effort to prove Islam is tolerant and inclusive of other faiths. After all, how much more tolerant can a faith be than to allow the followers of other faiths into its vision of Paradise?

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|62}}|Surely those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabians, whoever believes in Allah and the Last day and does good, they shall have their reward from their Lord, and there is no fear for them, nor shall they grieve.}}

===Others===
====Surah 5:69====

Less quoted, but very similar to the previous verse:

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|69}}|Surely those who believe and those who are Jews and the Sabians and the Christians whoever believes in Allah and the last day and does good-- they shall have no fear nor shall they grieve.}}

==Analysis==

===Qur'an ===

====Muhammad====

The [[Qur'an]] makes it an article of faith to believe in [[Allah]] and ''all the messengers''. This includes Prophet [[Muhammad]]. According to the Qur'an, when Moses came with the [[Taurat]], it was necessary to follow him, when [[Jesus]] came with the [[Injil]], it was necessary to leave the laws of Moses and follow him. Finally, when Muhammad came with the Qur'an, it became necessary to leave the teachings of Jesus and follow Islam.

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|2|4|5}}|And who believe in '''that which has been revealed to you and that which was revealed before you''' and they are sure of the hereafter. These are on a right course from their Lord and these it is that shall be successful.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|68}}|Say: O followers of the Book! you follow no good till you keep up the Taurat and the Injeel '''and that which is revealed to you from your Lord'''; and surely that which has been revealed to you from your Lord shall make many of them increase in inordinacy and unbelief; '''grieve not therefore for the unbelieving people'''.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|152}}|And those who believe in Allah '''and His messengers and do not make a distinction between any of them'''-- Allah will grant them their rewards; and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.}}

Several verses explicitly define "believers" as those who accept the prophethood of Muhammad. "Disbelievers" who do not, are told they are in error and condemned to the "burning fire".

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|285}}|'''The messenger believes in what has been revealed to him from his Lord, and (so do) the believers'''; they all believe in Allah and His angels and His books '''and His messengers'''; We make no difference between any of His messengers; and they say: We hear and obey, our Lord! Thy forgiveness (do we crave), and to Thee is the eventual course.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|136}}|O you who believe! believe in Allah '''and His Messenger''' and the Book which He has revealed to His Messenger and the Book which He revealed before; and '''whoever disbelieves in Allah and His angels and His messengers''' and the last day, he indeed strays off into a remote error.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|48|13}}|And whoever does not believe in Allah '''and His Messenger''', then surely We have prepared '''burning fire for the unbelievers'''.}}

====Islam====

The Qur'an clearly states that any religion other than Islam will not be accepted by Allah in the Hereafter.

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|19}}|'''Surely the (true) religion with Allah is Islam''', and those to whom the Book had been given did not show opposition but after knowledge had come to them, out of envy among themselves; and whoever disbelieves in the communications of Allah then surely Allah is quick in reckoning.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|85}}|And whoever desires '''a religion other than Islam, it shall not be accepted from him''', and in the hereafter he shall be one of the losers.}}

To accept the interpretation of verse 2:62 presented by Ahmadis and apologists, would also mean having to accept the Qur'an contains a blatant contradiction. However, as most Muslims will already be aware, this is not a contradiction if one takes the doctrine of [[abrogation]] into consideration.

===Commentaries===

The following are what the [[Tafsir]] and [[Fiqh]] literature have to say on verse 2:62 and its meaning.

====Tafsir Ibn Abbas====

{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=2&tAyahNo=62&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Surah 2 Ayah 62] Tafsir Ibn 'Abbas, trans. Mokrane Guezzou, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought|2=Then Allah went on to mention the believers among them, saying: (Lo! Those who believe) '''in Moses and all the other prophets''', these earn their reward from their Lord in Paradise; they shall have no fear perpetually and they shall perpetually not grieve. It is said that this means that no fear will come upon them concerning torment in the future life nor will they grieve about anything they have left behind. And it is also said that this means: they shall have no fear when death is slain and hell is closed. '''Then He mentioned those who did not believe in Moses or the other prophets, saying: (and those who are Jews) who deviated from the religion of Moses, (and Christians) those who became Christians''' (and Sabaeans) a Christian sect whose members shave the middle of their heads, read the Gospel, worship the angels and say: " our hearts have returned (saba'at) unto Allah " , (whoever believeth) from amongst them (in Allah and the Last Day and does right) in that which is between them and their Lord, (surely their reward is with their Lord, and there shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve).}}

====Tafsir Ibn Kathir====
{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qtafsir.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D372&date=2015-03-14 Faith and doing Righteous Deeds equals Salvation in all Times] Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=After Allah described the condition - and punishment - of those who defy His commands, fall into His prohibitions and transgress set limits by committing prohibited acts, '''He stated that the earlier nations who were righteous and obedient received the rewards for their good deeds. This shall be the case, until the Day of Judgment. Therefore, whoever follows the unlettered Messenger and Prophet shall acquire eternal happiness''' and shall neither fear from what will happen in the future nor become sad for what has been lost in the past. Similarly, Allah said,

(No doubt! Verily, the Awliya' of Allah, no fear shall come upon them nor shall they grieve) (10:62).
The angels will proclaim to the dying believers, as mentioned,

(Verily, those who say: "Our Lord is Allah (alone)," and then they stand firm, on them the angels will descend (at the time of their death) (saying): "Fear not, nor grieve! But receive the glad tidings of Paradise which you have been promised!"). (41:30)}}

{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qtafsir.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D371&date=2015-03-14 The Meaning of Mu'min, or Believer] Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=`Ali bin Abi Talhah narrated from Ibn `Abbas, about,
(Verily, those who believe and those who are Jews and Christians, and Sabians, whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day) '''that Allah revealed the following Ayah afterwards,
(And whoever seeks religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted of him, and in the Hereafter he will be one of the losers) (3:85)'''.

'''This statement by Ibn `Abbas indicates that Allah does not accept any deed or work from anyone, unless it conforms to the Law of Muhammad that is, after Allah sent Muhammad . Before that, every person who followed the guidance of his own Prophet was on the correct path, following the correct guidance and was saved.'''

'''When Allah sent Muhammad as the Last and Final Prophet and Messenger to all of the Children of Adam, mankind was required to believe in him, obey him and refrain from what he prohibited them; those who do this are true believers'''. The Ummah of Muhammad was called `Mu'minin' (believers), because of the depth of their faith and certainty, and because they believe in all of the previous Prophets and matters of the Unseen.}}

====Tafsir Al-Jalalayn====
{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=2&tAyahNo=62&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Surah 2 Ayah 62] Tafsir al-Jalalayn, trans. Feras Hamza, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought|2='''Surely those who believe, [who believed] before, in the prophets''', and those of Jewry, the Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabaeans, a Christian or Jewish sect, whoever, '''from among them, believes in God and the Last Day, in the time of our Prophet, and performs righteous deeds, ''according to the Law given to him''''' — their wage, that is, the reward for their deeds, is with their Lord, and no fear shall befall them, neither shall they grieve (the [singular] person of the verbs āmana, ‘believes’, and ‘amila, ‘performs’, takes account of the [singular] form of man, ‘whoever’, but in what comes afterwards [of the plural pronouns] its [plural] meaning [is taken into account]).}}

====Maariful Quran====

{{Quote|1=[http://islamicstudies.info/maarif/surah2.htm Surah 2 Ayah 62] Maulana Mufti Mohammad Shafi, trans. Prof. Muhammad Hasan Askari & Prof. Muhammad Shamim|2=In order to dispel such a misgiving, the present verse lays down a general principle: no matter how a man has been behaving earlier, so long as he submits himself fully to the commandments of Allah in his beliefs and in his deeds both, he is acceptable to Allah, and will get his reward. '''It is obvious enough that after the revelation of the Holy Qur'an, which is the last message of Allah, perfect obedience to Allah can only mean accepting Islam and following the Last Prophet Muhammad'''.

One might also ask why the verse mentions the Muslims, for if it is an invitation to Islam, there is no need to extend the invitation to those who have already accepted Islam. But if we keep in mind the richly concentrated style of the Holy Qur'an,and try to look beyond the literal sense of the words into the implications and suggestions contained in the verse, we would find that the inclusion of the Muslim factor has added a new dimension to the meaning. It is es if a king should,in a similar situation,say that his laws are impartially applicable to all his subjects, and that whosoever obeys them shall receive his reward for obedience irrespective of whether he has earlier been a friend or a foe.

'''We had better dispel another misunderstanding which is likely to arise from the wordings of the present verse -- and, which is actually being promoted by certain 'modernizers'. The verse mentions only two articles of faith of the Islamic creed -- faith in Allah and faith in the Day of Judgment. This should not be taken to mean that in order to attain salvation it is enough to have faith only in Allah and in the Day of Judgment. Fcr, the Holy Qur'an repeatedly declares that he who does not believe in the prophets, in angels and in the Books of Allah is not a Muslim'''. Faith in Allah is the first article in the Islamic creed, while faith in the Day of Judgment is the last. By mentioning only these two, the verse intends to say in a succinct manner that it is necessary to have faith in all the articles of the creed, from the first to the last. Moreover, it is through the prophets and the Books of Allah alone that man can acquire any knowledge of the essence and the attributes of Allah and of what is to happen on the Day of Judgment, while the Books of Allah are revealed to the prophets through an angel. So, it is not possible to have faith in Allah and the Day of Judgment until and unless one has faith in the angels, in the Books of Allah and in the prophets.}}

Response to "modernizers" in the footnotes to the commentary:

{{Quote|1=[http://islamicstudies.info/maarif/surah2.htm Surah 2 Ayah 62] Maulana Mufti Mohammad Shafi, trans. Prof. Muhammad Hasan Askari & Prof. Muhammad Shamim|2=23.Contrary to the flaccid fancies of some "modernizers" who are very happy with themselves over their "liberalism" and "tolerance", the present verse does not open the way to salvation for each and every "man of good will" irrespective of the creed he follows. If one reads the verse in its proper context and along with other relevant verses of the Holy Qur'an, one will easily see that the verse, in fact, promises salvation in the other world only to those who accept Islam. It is a n invitation to Islam extended to the Jews, the Christians, the Sabeans and, as a matter of fact, to the followers of all possible religions, and even to non-believers -- specific names only serve as examples.}}

====Biyan-ul-Quran====

{{Quote|[http://tanzeem.org/online/dorah/005-Al%20Baqara%2047-82.pdf Surah 2 Ayah 62] Dr. Israr Ahmed, Biyan-ul-Quran|'''''Some wrong headed and evil mongers'' in our time have tried to deceive people arguing erroneously from this ayah. They say that to achieve salvation one does not need to believe in the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and the two articles of faith discussed here i.e. belief in Allah (SWT) and in the hereafter, are enough for ones salvation'''. On the other hand this ayah makes it clear that it is not giving the detail of all the articles of faith which one should believe in. Those are mentioned elsewhere at numerous places. In fact this ayah clarifies the misconception that the Jews had, that they are the chosen ones and only they would enter the Paradise. On the contrary Allah (SWT) says that your salvation does not depend upon your lineage or your race but on the basis whether you are righteous or not.

As far as the belief in Prophet Muhammad (SAW) is concerned, we would like to point out the fact that, in the sixth ruku of this surah, Allah (SWT) invites the Jews to accept Islam by believing in the Prophethood of Muhammad (SAW) in order to achieve salvation and eternal bliss. '''So how can it be that the belief of a person is complete without believing in Prophet Muhammad (SAW). The context of this ayah clarifies that those people who were Jews, Christians or Sabians, and followed their own Prophet before the advent of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and they believed in Allah (SWT) and the hereafter, did righteous deeds will have their rewards from Allah (SWT). But once Allah (SWT) revealed Qur’an to Prophet Muhammad (SAW), it has become incumbent on a person to believe in him and the last revealed Book, along with other articles of faith'''.}}

====Dawat ul Quran====

{{Quote|[http://islamicstudies.info/dawat/surah2.htm Surah 2 Ayah 62] Shams Pirzada, Dawat ul Quran, trans. Abdul Karim Shaikh|Another very important point must be made clear here. '''It would be wrong to interpret the verse as implying that salvation depends upon virtuous conduct alone'''.According to such a view , one who observed one’s own religion, believed in Allah and the Hereafter and was righteous in deeds deserved salvation. '''This interpretation, however is farthest from the teachings of Quran and amounts to introducing an unjustifiable change in it'''. In this verse, the details of true belief, faith and righteous conduct are not being explained at all; they are mentioned in other places in Quran. '''Allah recognizes no belief or faith which does not accept that Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) is the last prophet of Allah and Quran is his true (undistorted) book'''. Without this belief, righteous conduct is of no avail because righteousness itself is determined by the observance of Muhammad’s shariah (pbuh). Quran is replete with such teachings, for example Surah-al-Baqarah has this as the central theme: it invites people to believe in revelation of the Quran and the prophethood of Muhammad(pbuh). This point is repeatedly stressed in many places in Quran, Allah says

With Allah, the accepted religion is Islam (Al-e-Imran 19)
Any person who will seek any religion other than Islam, it will not be accepted and he will be among the losers in the Hereafter (Al-e-Imran 85)}}

====Reliance of the Traveller====

{{Quote|[https://archive.org/details/RelianceOfTheTraveller-TheClassicManualOfIslamicSacredLawumdat Reliance of the Traveller: A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law] Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri, Edited and Translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller (pp. 848-849)|Suddi states that (2:62) was revealed about the former companions of Salman the Persian when he mentioned them to the Prophet, relating how they had been, saying, "They used to pray, fast, and believe in you, and testify that you would be sent as a prophet." When he had finished praising them, '''the Prophet replied, "Salman, they are the denizens of hell," which came to discomfit Salman greatly, and so Allah revealed (2:62)'''.

The faith of the Jews was that of whoever adhered to the Torah and the sunna of Moses until the coming of Jesus. When Jesus came, whoever held fast to the Torah and the sunna of Moses without giving them up and following Jesus was lost.

The faith of the Christians was that whoever adhered to the Gospel and precepts of Jesus, their faith was valid and acceptable until the coming of Muhammad. Those of them who did not then follow Muhammad and give up the sunna of Jesus and the Gospel were lost.

'''The foregoing is not contradicted by the hadith relating that (2:62) was followed by Allah revealing (3:85), for the hadith merely confirms that no one's way or spiritual works are acceptable unless they conform to the Sacred Law of Muhammad, now that he has been sent with it'''. As for people prior to this, anyone who followed the messenger of his own time was guided, on the right path, and was saved.}}

===Hadiths===

====Belief in Allah alone====

2:62 makes it necessary to believe in Allah. And according to the Qur'an, believing in Allah alone is mandatory. Thus, "associating partners" with Allah is a sin that will not be forgiven.

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|48}}|Surely '''Allah does not forgive that anything should be associated with Him''', and forgives what is besides that to whomsoever He pleases; and whoever associates anything with Allah, he devises indeed a great sin.}}

Belief in the Christian Trinity is considered to be "associating partners" with Allah (i.e. polytheism), and the Qur'an specifically and repeatedly damns these Christians to Hell as blasphemous "disbelievers".

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|72}}|'''Certainly they disbelieve who say: Surely Allah, He is the Messiah, son of Marium'''; and the Messiah said: O Children of Israel! serve Allah, my Lord and your Lord. Surely '''whoever associates (others) with Allah, then Allah has forbidden to him the garden, and his abode is the fire'''; and there shall be no helpers for the unjust.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|73}}|'''Certainly they disbelieve who say: Surely Allah is the third (person) of the three'''; and there is no god but the one Allah, and if they desist not from what they say, '''a painful chastisement shall befall those among them who disbelieve'''.}}

Hadiths further explain what believing in Allah alone means, clarifying that it is "to testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah" and that "Muhammad is His Apostle".

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|2|50}}| "'''Do you know what is meant by believing in Allah Alone?'''" They replied, "Allah and His Apostle know better." Thereupon the Prophet said, "'''It means: 1. To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is Allah's Apostle'''. 2. To offer prayers perfectly 3. To pay the Zakat (obligatory charity) 4. To observe fast during the month of Ramadan. 5. And to pay Al-Khumus (one fifth of the booty to be given in Allah's Cause).}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|2|87}}| "'''Do you know what is meant by believing in Allah Alone?'''" They replied, "Allah and His Apostle know better." Thereupon the Prophet said, "('''That means to testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is His Apostle''', to offer prayers perfectly, to pay Zakat, to observe fasts during the month of Ramadan, (and) to pay Al-Khumus (one fifth of the booty to be given in Allah's cause)."}}

====Christians and Jews thrown into hell====

The following narrations are taken from [[Sahih]] Muslim (Chapter 8: "Throwing of non-believers in Hell-fire for believers as divine grace and mercy"). They tell us some Muslims will earn their place in Paradise and be spared [[Hell]]-Fire by Allah on the Day of Resurrection by making innocent Christians and Jews take their place and be thrown into hell.

{{Quote|{{Muslim|37|6665}}|Abu Musa' reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: When it will be the Day of Resurrection Allah would deliver to every Muslim a Jew or a Christian and say: That is your rescue from Hell-Fire.}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|37|6666}}|Abu Burda reported on the authority of his father that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: No Muslim would die but Allah would admit in his stead a Jew or a Christian in Hell-Fire. 'Umar b. Abd al-'Aziz took an oath: By One besides Whom there is no god but He, thrice that his father had narrated that to him from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him).}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|37|6668}}|Abu Burda reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: There would come people amongst the Muslims on the Day of Resurrection with as heavy sins as a mountain, and Allah would forgive them and He would place in their stead the Jews and the Christians. (As far as I think), Abu Raub said: I do not know as to who is in doubt. Abu Burda said: I narrated it to 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz, whereupon he said: Was it your father who narrated it to you from Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him)? I said: Yes.}}

====Non-Muslim women used for sex====

The following is reported in Ibn Majah, Ibn `Adi in the Kamil, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur. It explains that some Christian and Jewish women, among others, will make it into Paradise after-all. But only as sex [[Slavery|slaves]] for Muslim men. Al-Suyuti marked its chain as “fair” (hasan) in al-Jami` al-Saghir (7989).<ref>Shaykh Gibril Haddad - [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I How Many Wives Will The Believers Have In Paradise?] - SunniPath.com, Question ID:4828</ref>

{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I Ibn Majah, Ibn `Adi in the Kamil, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur]|2= Abu Umama said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace:

“None is made to enter Paradise by Allah Most High except Allah Most High shall marry him to seventy-two wives, two of them from the wide-eyed maidens of Paradise and '''seventy of them his inheritance from the People of Hellfire''', not one of them but her attraction never lags nor his arousal ever wanes.”}}

===Scholars===

====Jews and Christians that will enter paradise====
{{Quote|[http://islamqa.com/en/ref/2912 Who are the Jews and Christians who will enter Paradise?] Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid, Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 2912|As far as the Jews are concerning, their faith meant believing in the Tawraat (original Torah) and following the way of Moosa (peace be upon him) until ‘Eesa came, after which whoever continued to follow the Torah and the way of Moosa, and did not leave this and follow ‘Eesa, was doomed. As far as the Christians are concerned, their faith meant believing in the Injeel (original Gospel) and following the laws of ‘Eesa; whoever did this was a believer whose faith was acceptable to Allaah, until Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came, after which whoever did not follow Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and leave the way of ‘Eesa and the Injeel that he had been following before, was doomed.}}

====Attitude of Islam towards other religions====
{{Quote|[http://islamqa.com/en/ref/21534 Attitude of Islam towards other religions] Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 21534|The ruling of Islam concerning other religions is that they are all either fabricated and false, or abrogated.}}

====Are Christians disbelievers?====
{{Quote|1=[http://spa.qibla.com/issue_view.asp?HD=12&ID=592&CATE=10 Are Christians Kafirs? Mushriks? If not, can a Muslim woman marry a non-Muslim?] Shaykh Faraz Rabbani, Qibla, Question ID:592|2=The People of the Book are kafirs, and it is obligatory to believe that they are so, as Imam Nawawi explains. There is scholarly consensus on this, because of the clear nature of the texts about this.The Christians at the time of the Prophet (Allah bless him & give him peace) already believed in the Trinity, the divinity of Jesus (peace be upon him), and such things.}}

====Ruling regarding Jews and Christians ====

{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamweb.net%2Femainpage%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dshowfatwa%26Option%3DFatwaId%26Id%3D2924&date=2015-03-14 What is the ruling regarding Jews and Christians nowadays? Are they considered believers or disbelievers?] Islamweb, Fatwa No. 2924, August 30, 2010|2=The Quran, Sunnah and the consensus of scholars indicate that a man who embraces any religion other than Islam, is a disbeliever. His faith will not be accepted and, in the next life, he will be among those at loss . . . 
There is an explicit text that states that the People of the Book who do not believe in Muhammad, , or deny the Prophethood of any other Prophet, or those who associate deities with Allaah The Almighty, are disbelievers. . . . 
Everything that we have mentioned above is indisputable in Islam; and, anyone who denies or doubts any of it is deemed a disbeliever. Al-Qaadhi ‘Iyaadh reported the consensus of scholars on this matter.
Some Hanbali scholars have added that the one who doubts the disbelief of the People of the Book becomes a disbeliever}}

== Conclusion ==

There are many verses in the Qur'an that label Christians and Jews as disbelievers, and numerous more that explicitly condemn them and other disbelievers to Hell. There is scholarly consensus on the fact that Christians and Jews are viewed by Islam as kafirs, because of "the clear nature of the texts about this".

If you read verse 2:62 in context, it is referring only to those Christians, Jews, and Sabiens who believed in the time of their own Prophet/Messenger.

Each [[Revelation|Revelation]] abrogated the previous. Thus, after the advent of Prophet Muhammad and Islam, no individual can make it into Paradise unless they accept Allah as God, Muhammad as his last Prophet and the Qur'an as Allah's final book of guidance.

Therefore, the concept of Heavenly rewards in Islam are now exclusively offered to Muslims. Christians and Jews may believe in a single monotheistic god, but they do not believe in "His Messenger". Thus they are destined for the "burning fire".

Additionally, the non-Muslims who do make it into Paradise will only be used as sex-slaves by believing men, Muslims who themselves will be spared hell-fire by Allah on the Day of Resurrection by making innocent Christians and Jews take their place and be thrown into Hell.

==See Also==

{{Hub4|Heaven|Heaven}}
{{Hub4|Misinterpreted Verses|Misinterpreted Verses}}

==External Links==

*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.answeringmuslims.com/2010/10/salvation-for-non-muslims-reconciling.html|2=2012-09-14}} Salvation for non-Muslims? Reconciling 2:62 and 3:85] ''- Answering Muslims
''
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:People of the Book]]
{{page_title|Christians, Jews and Muslims in Heaven (Qur'an 2:62)}}

User talk:Axius

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WikiIslam:Latest Translations

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'''Recently Added'''

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* [[Invito_a_convertirsi_all_islam_prima_dell_attacco|Invito a convertirsi all'islam prima dell'attacco]] ''(Italian)''
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Wpływ muzułmańskiego stroju na zdrowie

2016-02-16T00:08:26Z

Axius: Axius moved page WikiIslam:Sandbox/Wpływ muzułmańskiego stroju na zdrowie to Wpływ muzułmańskiego stroju na zdrowie without leaving a redirect

<metadesc> Wpływ muzułmańskiego stroju na zdrowie</metadesc>
[[File:Burqa9.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Burka, przykład tzw. "pełnego hidżabu", może znacząco przyczynić się do problemów zdrowotnych (''[[Images:Hijab|more images]]'').]]
Ten artykuł omawia potencjalne problemy zdrowotne dla muzułmanek, które stosują się do zasad hidżabu.
==Hidżab==

Większośc muzułmanek na świecie, przestrzegając islamskich norm związanych z hidżabem, nosi jakąś formę muzułmańskiego stroju. Obejmuje to wszelkie formy ubioru, od zwykłego zakrywania głowy chustą aż po burkę (rodzaj pełnego hidżabu), zakrywającą prawie całą powierzchnię ciała.

Pełen hidżab może składać się z następujących elementów:

*Jilbāb (czyt. Dżilbab) - określenie to odnosi się do długich i obszernych płaszczy lub innego rodzaju szat noszonych przez kobiety.
*Khimar (czyt. Himar); szal lub chusta, zwykle nazywana po prostu hidżabem, służy zasłonięciu głowy i szyi.
*Niqāb (czyt. Nikab); kawałek materiału służący zasłonięciu twarzy.

Niektórzy z islamskich uczonych uważanikab za [[fard|wajib]] (obowiązkowy), inni natomiast wierzą, że jest on mustahab (zalecany przez Allaha).<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://islamic-world.net/sister/hijab_in_quran.htm|2=2011-07-03}} Hijab In The Al-Quran And Sunnah] - Khalifah Institute, accessed July 3, 2011</ref>

==Wpływ na zdrowie==

Wśród ludzi związanych z medycyną istnieją niepokoje związane z wpływem "ekstremalnych" form muzułmańskiego ubioru na zdrowie, a szczególnie z niedoborem witaminy D wywołanym brakiem ekspozycji skóry na promieniowanie UV. Wiarygodne dowody naukowe wykazały, że prawie wszystkie kobiety noszące pełny hidżab cierpią na przewlekły niedobór witaminy D. <ref>Mishal, A.A., Effects of Different Dress Styles on Vitamin D Levels in Healthy Young Jordanian Women. Osteoporosis International, 2001. 12(11): p. 931-935.</ref>Witamina D jest bardzo ważnym składnikiem pokarmowym, którego braki mogą prowadzić do różnych chorób.

===Niedobór witaminy D===

Witamina D jest rozpuszczalnym w tłuszczach składnikiem odżywczym, niezbędnym dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania organizmu. <ref>Moan, J. and A. Juzeniene, Solar radiation and human health. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:Biology, 2010: p. 109-110.</ref><ref>Bandgar, T.R., Vitamin d and hip fractures: Indian scenario. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2010. 58(9): p. 535-537.</ref>Witamina D jest syntezowana, gdy promienie ultrafioletowe pochodzące ze światła słonecznego docierają do ludzkiej skóry, wyzwalając serię reakcji. W ten sposób dzienne zapotrzebowanie na witaminę D pokrywa większość ludzi. Witamina ta jest praktycznie nieobecna w znaczących ilościach w popularnych produktach żywnościowych. Niewiele produktów zawiera dostrzegalne jej ilości, a jeszcze mniej z nich jest produktami konsumpcyjnymi.<ref>Office of Dietary Supplements - National Institutes of Health. [http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind/ Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin D.] 2011. Retrieved July 2, 2011.</ref>

Główną rolą witaminy D w organizmie jest kontrolowanie poziomu wapnia we krwi. Pomaga ona absorbować wapń do tworzenia zdrowych, mocnych kości. Brak wystarczającej ilości witaminy D prowadzi do tego, że kości są słabe, łamliwe i zniekształcone. Taki stan nazywany jest osteomalacja u dorosłych i krzywicą u dzieci.Odpowiednie ilości witaminy D są również niezbędne do zapobiegania osteoporozie i pękaniu kości w starszym wieku.<ref>[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/vitamin-d/NS_patient-vitamind Vitamin D] - Mayo Clinic. 2011. Retrieved July 2, 2011.</ref>

Niski poziom witaminy D jest również związany z różnymi chorobami, takimi jak: choroby układu sercowo-naczyniowego, cukrzyca typu 1., stwardnienie rozsiane czy reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów. Istnieje również związek między deficytem wiataminy D a zwiększeniem ryzyka rozwoju niektórych nowotworów, np. raka piersi. <ref>Holick, M.F., Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2004. 80(6 Suppl).</ref>

Niepokoje odnoszą się nie tylko do kobiet wybierających bardziej zakrywające formy hidżabu, ale także do dzieci, które mogą nosić. Dzieci urodzone z matek cierpiących na niedobór witaminy D często cierpią na zwiększone ryzyko ataków epilepsji.<ref>Bandgar, T.R., Vitamin d and hip fractures: Indian scenario. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2010. 58(9): p. 535-537.</ref>Jeśli to dziecko również będzie nosiło w dzieciństwie pełen hidżab, wzrasta ryzyko, że nie dorosną one do wzrostu, jakie osiągnęłoby ono, gdyby miało wystarczający poziom witaminy D. <ref>Holick, M.F., Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2004. 80(6 Suppl)</ref>

====Muzułmański ubiór a zdrowie====

Jako, że prawie całe zapotrzebowanie na witaminę D pokrywane jest dzięki światłu słonecznemu wystawienie na nie jest poważnym problemem kobiet noszących burki lub pełen hidżab. Ten sposób ubierania, pozostawiający odkryty tylko niewielki fragment skóry wokół oczu znacząco ogranicza powierzchnię skóry wystawianą na oddziaływanie słoneczne. Tym samym ogranicza syntezę witaminy D. Niski poziom produkcji witaminy szybko powoduje zużycie zapasów witaminy D z tłuszczów, a człowiek popada w stan niedoboru.

Z powyższego powodu poważny niedobór witaminy D jest szeroko rozpowszechniony w krajach muzułmańskich. Badania przeprowadzone przez lekarzy w Szpitalu Uniwersyteckim Króla Fahda w Arabii Saudyjskiej wykazały, że z 52 przebadanych kobiet wszystkie miały poważnie obniżony poziom witaminy D oraz znajdowały się w grupie ryzyka wystąpienia poważnych problemów zdrowotnych, mimo że mieszkają w jednym z najsłoneczniejszych miejsc na Ziemi. <ref>Elsammak, M.Y., et al., Vitamin D deficiency in Saudi Arabs. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 2010. 42(5): p. 364-368.</ref>Ponadto, 83.3% kobiet noszących najbardziej zakrywającą formę muzułmańskiego stroju przebadanych w Jordanie miały niedobór witaminy D w okresie letnim. Jest to dość uderzające w porównaniu do tego, że tylko 18.2% z przebadanych mężczyzn miała niedobór.<ref>Mishal, A.A., Effects of Different Dress Styles on Vitamin D Levels in Healthy Young Jordanian Women. Osteoporosis International, 2001. 12(11): p. 931-935.</ref> Jordan, podobnie jak Arabia Saudyjska, tytułowany jest mianem jednego z najlepiej nasłonecznionych miejsc na planecie, a więc wpływ noszeni burki na poziom witaminy D w organizmie i zdrowie jest znaczący.

====Wpływ pochodzenia etnicznego i migracji====

Istnieje też obawa o zdrowie imigrantów z krajów muzułmańskich, których większość położona jest w okolicach równika i otrzymuje najwyższe dawki promieniowania słonecznego na Ziemi. Obawy mnożą się, gdy kobiety migrują do krajów o niższym nasłonecznieniu niż ich ojczyzny. Koloryt skóry jest ciemniejszy w okolicach równika w reakcji na światło słoneczne. <ref>Barsh, G.S., What Controls Variation in Human Skin Color? PLoS Biol, 2003. 1(1): p. e27.</ref><ref>Relethford, J.H., Hemispheric difference in human skin color. American journal of physical anthropology, 1997. 104(4): p. 449-457.</ref> Ciemniejsza karnacja blokuje znacznie więcej promieniowania UV, co w efekcie prowadzi do drastycznego zmniejszenia syntezy witaminy D(ludzie z ciemnym pigmentem skóry potrzebują 20-30 razy dłuższej ekspozycji na słońce.<ref>Mike Adams - [http://www.naturalnews.com/003069.html Vitamin D myths, facts and statistics] - NaturalNews, January 1, 2005</ref>Wszystkie te czynniki w połączeniu z bardzo zakrywającym islamskim strojem prowadzą do potencjalnych problemów zdrowotnych dla islamskich imigrantów w krajach oddalonych od równika, takich jak Kanada,Stany Zjednoczone,Europa czy Australia.<ref>Hagenau, T., et al., Global vitamin D levels in relation to age, gender, skin pigmentation and latitude: an ecologic meta-regression analysis. Osteoporosis International, 2009. 20(1): p. 133-140.</ref><ref>Hanley, D.A. and K.S. Davison, Vitamin D Insufficiency in North America. The Journal of Nutrition, 2005. 135(2): p. 332-337</ref>

Zostało to też udowownione przez wiele kolejnych badań naukowych. Jedno z takich badań zostało przeprowadzone w Dearborn, w stanie Michigan, najbardziej skoncentrowanym osiedlem Amerykanów arabskiego pochodzenia w USA, aby ustalić związek pomiędzy poziomem witaminy D a wyborami dotyczącymi muzułmańskiego stroju wśród migrantek. Średni poziom witaminy D wyniósł 4ng/ml wśród zakrywających się kobiet, które nie brały dodatkowych suplementów witaminy D oraz 7ng/ml wśród tych, które ubierały się podobnie, ale suplementowały witaminę sztucznie.<ref>Hobbs, R., et al., Severe Vitamin D Deficiency in Arab-American Women Living in Dearborn, Michigan. Endocrine Practice, 2009. 15(1): p. 35-40.</ref>Próg dla ryzyka krzywicy i osteomalacji to8ng/ml i poniżej.Za kliniczny niedobór witaminy D uważa się każdą wartość poniżej 16ng/ml.<ref>Heaney, PR. Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramiﬁcations of vitamin D deficiency. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004; 80 : S1706 – S1709</ref>To pokazuje jak wielkie ryzyko dla zdrowia muzułmańskich imigrantek niesie migracja do takich państw, jak te wymienione powyżej i jednoczesne noszenie burki.

W Wielkiej Brytanii przypadki krzywicy aż do niedawna były rzadkie. Występowanie tej choroby znacznie wzrosło z powodu rosnącej populacji muzułmanów.<ref>
{{Cite web|url= http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/rise-in-rickets-linked-to-ethnic-groups-that-shun-the-sun-2319920.html|title= Rise in rickets linked to ethnic groups that shun the sun|publisher= The Independent|author=Jeremy Laurance |date= July 25, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Fhealth-and-families%2Fhealth-news%2Frise-in-rickets-linked-to-ethnic-groups-that-shun-the-sun-2319920.html&date=2013-09-22|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= http://digitaljournal.com/article/316191|title= Rickets on the increase amongst British children|publisher= DigitalJournal|author= Katerina Nikolas|date= December 16, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitaljournal.com%2Farticle%2F316191&date=2013-09-22|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1154211.stm|title= Rickets upsurge among UK Asians|publisher= BBC News|author= |date= February 5, 2001|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fhealth%2F1154211.stm&date=2013-09-22|deadurl=no}}</ref>

===Otyłość===

Zostało zauważone, że przestrzeganie noszenia hidżabu, strojów i tradycji z tym związanych, może zniechęcać do ćwiczeń fizycznych zarówno psychologicznie, jak i praktycznie.<ref name="TDCJul12010">Caroline May - [{{Reference archive|1=http://dailycaller.com/2010/07/01/the-burka-may-be-making-muslim-women-fatter-by-discouraging-exercise/|2=2012-03-05}} The burka may be making Muslim women fatter by discouraging exercise] - The Daily Caller, July 1, 2010</ref><ref name="ANSMar132012">[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.ansamed.info/ansamed/en/news/sections/generalnews/2012/03/13/visualizza_new.html_131156617.html|2=2012-03-15}} Qatar: surge in diabetes/obesity, unhealthy Arab habits] - ANSAmed, March 13, 2012</ref>Styl ubioru sprawia, że łatwo pod nim ukryć wzdęcia po dużym posiłku. Może być też fizycznie ograniczający dla tych, którzy chcą ćwiczyć, szczególnie na zewnątrz, gdzie należy dostosować się do pogody (jeśli jest bardzo ciepło albo wilgotno). Na zachodzie, gdzie prawie każda siłownia jest przeznaczona dla mężczyzn i kobiet, ćwiczenie bez islamskiego stroju może być dla muzułmanki bardzo trudne, a niektóre formy islamskiego stroju niemalże uniemożliwiają uprawianie jakiegokolwiek sportu.<ref name="TDCJul12010"></ref><ref name="ANSMar132012"></ref>

Zgodnie z rankingami magazynu "The Economist",kraje z największym odsetkiem otyłych kobiet to kraje muzułmańskie<ref name="TDCJul12010"></ref> (danezalata1999-2003:8z10najwyżejsklasyfikowanychkrajówsąwwiększościmuzułmańskie;Katar,ArabiaSaudyjska,Palestyna,Liban,Albania,Bahrajn,EgiptiZjedniczoneEmiratyArabskie.<ref>[[:File:Economist rankings obesity women.JPG|Economist.com rankings for obesity among women]]</ref>W 2006 roku katarski ekspert Issam Abd Rabbu na seminarium "Fakty dotyczące otyłości" przedstawił wyniki badań, które pokazały, że 70% kobiet żyjących w krajach Zatoki Perskiej(Bahrajn,Kuwejt,Oman,Katar,Arabia Saudyjska i ZEA)ma nadwagę lub jest otyłe.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=14663|2=2012-03-05}} Up to 70% of Gulf women are obese] - Middle East Online, September 29, 2005</ref>Doktor Abdul Rahman Musaiqir, szef Arabskiego Centrum Odżywiania na unwersytecie w Bahrajnie, powiedział, że problem kobiecej otyłości w krajach Zatoki jest ukryty pod muzułmańskim strojem, oraz że wskaźniki otyłości są dużo wyższe niż w krajach rozwiniętych.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.emirates247.com/news/region/gulf-women-hide-weight-under-gowns-2011-01-12-1.341366|2=2012-03-05}} Gulf women hide weight under gowns] - Emirates 24/7, January 12, 2011</ref>

Badania opublikowane w 2011 roku przez National Commercial Bank (NCB), największy bank Arabii Saudyjskiej, pokazały, że liczba Saudyjczyków cierpiących na nadciśnienie, cukrzycę i otyłość wzrasta w alarmującym tempie. Ankieta wypuszczona przez stowarzyszenie Saudi Diabetes and Endocrine Association (SDEA)w 2010 ujawniły, że 70% saudyjskiej populacji jest "alarmująco otyła".<ref>Nadim Kawach - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.emirates247.com/news/region/blood-pressure-and-obesity-epidemic-in-saudi-2011-05-02-1.387705|2=2012-03-05}} Blood pressure and obesity epidemic in Saudi] - Emirates 24/7, May 2, 2011</ref>Statystyki opublikowane przez Katarskie Stowarzyszenie Cukrzycy stanowi, że 20% populacji Kataru ma zdiagnozowaną cukrzycę, oraz że schorzenie dotyka co raz to więcej dzieci.<ref name="ANSMar132012"></ref> Niektóre z problemów kojarzonych z otyłością to: choroby serca, nadciśnienie tętnicze, cukrzyca typu 2, painful wear and inflammation on weight-bearing joints, problemy z oddychaniem i bezdech nocny.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://nation-health.blogspot.co.uk/2011/03/health-problems-associated-with-obesity.html|2=2012-03-22}} Health Problems Associated with Obesity] - The Nation's Health, March 2011</ref>

==Implikacje z wiarą muzułmańską==

Przestrzeganie zasad hidżabu uniemożliwia kobietom pozyskanie wystarczających ilości witaminy D. Prowadzi to do całego wachlarza dolegliwości.Dla islamu jako religii,implikacje są dość kłopotliwe.Th

Przez swoich wyznawców islam uważany jest za idealną drogę życia dla ludzkości. Jeśli islam został ustanowiony przez Allaha i jeśli chciał, aby kobiety nosiły hidżab, logicznym jest, ze nie stworzyłby u ludzi mechanizmu pozyskiwania witaminy D przez ekspozycję na słońce.

Oczywiście można dyskutować, że obecnie da się walczyć z tym poprzez sztuczną suplementację połączoną z codziennym wystawieniem na słońce w obrębie własnego ogródka lub innego miejsca bezpiecznego od wzroku nie-mahramów. Nie jest to jednak dostatecznie zadowalające rozwiązanie.

Wiele kobiet nie ma na tyle szczęścia, żeby być właścicielkami własnego ogrodu. Siedzenie przy oknie nie pomoże, ponieważ szyby przepuszczają tylko promienie UV-A, a nie UV-B i UV-C. Promieniowanie UV-B jest potrzebne do syntezy witaminy D. <ref>Shereen Jegtvig - [{{Reference archive|1=http://nutrition.about.com/od/askyournutritionist/f/sunlight.htm|2=2011-11-01}} How Much Sun Exposure Do I Need for Vitamin D?] - About.com, October 06, 2011</ref>

Co więcej, w 1923 udowodniono, że kiedy 7-dehydrocholesterol jest naświetlany, wyprodukowany zostaje rodzaj rozpuszczalnej w tłuszczach witaminy.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.txt.asp?a=414|2=2011-08-06}} Unraveling The Enigma Of Vitamin D] - United States National Academy of Sciences, accessed August 6, 2011</ref>Aż do połowy lat 30-tych XX wieku, kiedy pierwsze ekstrakty drożdzowe i półsyntetyczne tabletki witaminy C, witaminy były pobierane wyłącznie z jedzeniem i (w przypadku witaminy D) ekspizycji na słońce.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vitamin&oldid=442774268 Vitamin] - Wikipedia, accessed August 6, 2011</ref>

Więc co z przyjmowaniem witamin przez muzułmanki przed latami 30-tymi? Jeśli istniałoby satysfakcjonujące wytłumaczenie,aby pominąć to w jaki sposób islam zaprzecza wiedzy naukowej, na pewno zostałby wspomniany w Koranie albo hadisach, ale nie jest.

Można również podnosić, że długotrwała ekspozycja na promieniowanie UV ze światła słonecznego może wywoływać raka skóry i inne dolegliwości. Jednakże, według epidemiologa Robyna Lucasa z Australian National University,<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://web.archive.org/web/20090410154214/http://nceph.anu.edu.au/Staff_Students/staff_pages/lucas.php|2=2011-08-20}} National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health] - Australian National University, October 17, 2008</ref>analiza czas życia kontra choroby pokazuhe, że dużo więcej istnień umiera z powodu chorób wywołanych brakiem słońca niż tych spowodowanych jego nadmiarem.<ref>Deborah Kotz - [{{Reference archive|1=http://health.usnews.com/health-news/family-health/heart/articles/2008/06/23/time-in-the-sun-how-much-is-needed-for-vitamin-d|2=2011-08-20}} Time in the Sun: How Much Is Needed for Vitamin D?] - U.S.News, June 23, 2008</ref>Oczywiście kobieta jest zawsze zdolna do unikania za dużej lub za małej dawki słońca, jednak poprzez restrykcyjne prawo dotyczące muzułmańskiego ubioru ta zdolność jest jej odebrana.
{{Core Science}}

==Zobacz również==

'''Angielski'''

*[[Hijab]] - anglojęzyczna strona główna poświęcona hidżabowi

*[[Health]]-anglojęzyczna stron główna poświęcona zdrowiu

{{Translation-links-polish|[[Health Effects of Islamic Dress|angielski]], [[Последици за здравето от ислямското облекло|bułgarski]],[[Efectos sobre la Salud de la Vestimenta Islámica|hiszpański]]}}

==Linki zewnętrzne (angielski)==
*[http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/272307 Women could endanger their health by wearing burqas] - ''Digital Journal''
*[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-6088759/Addressing-vitamin-D-deficiency-among.html Addressing vitamin D deficiency among veiled pregnant women in Australia] - ''Excerpt from 'Nutrition & Dietetics: The Journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia ''
*[http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/06/25/us-middle-deficiency-idUSHAR56610220070625 Middle Eastern women may have vitamin D deficiency] - ''Reuters''
*[http://forum09.faithfreedom.org/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=6113 The consequences of Islamic dress]'' - [[Faith Freedom International|FFI Forum]]''
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.rferl.org/content/synthetic-hijabs/24694264.html|2=2012-09-05}} Synthetic Hijabs Get Under Tajik Women's Skin] ''- Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''
*[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Burqa-clad-women-prone-to-Vitamin-D-deficiency-Doctors/articleshow/20468505.cms Burqa-clad women prone to vitamin D deficiency: Doctors] - ''The Times of India''

==Odwołania==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Polski (Polish)]]

MediaWiki:Vars

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Allahu Akbar (God is Greater)

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Axius: Reverted edits by 69.58.44.129 (talk) to last revision by Axius

This article discusses the meaning of the [[Islam|Islamic]] [[Islamic Terms|phrase]], "'''Allahu Akbar'''", and its [[Mistranslated Verses|translation]] into English.
[[File:Malaysia Allah for Muslims only.jpg|thumb|right|250px]]
==Introduction==

Although the phrase "Allahu Akbar" (الله أكبر) is a common phrase used by all Muslims in various situations, including the [[Salah]] (obligatory five [[prayers]] a day) and has even been used in the past by some [[non-Muslims]] as a show of support for the protesting [[Iran|Iranians]], it is widely associated with the Muslims who shout it whilst engaged in [[Terrorism|Jihad]]. Many people claim it is simply the [[Arabic]] translation of a common English phrase meaning "God is great!" This article analyzes this apologetic claim by examining the use of the phrase in [[Islam and Scripture|scripture]], and the use of these words in their original Arabic.

==Analysis==

===Allah===

'''Claim:''' 'Allah' is simply the Arab word for 'God.'

'''Fact:''' 'God' in Arabic is translated 'ilah,' not 'Allah.'

'''Allah''' = الله (alif ا, lam ل, lam ل, ha ه)

'''ilah''' = اله (alif ا, lam ل, ha ه)

====Evidence====

The [[Shahadah]] is one of the [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]], and is recited by all Muslims:

{{Quote||2=
'''Arabic:''' أشهد أن لا إله إلاَّ الله و أشهد أن محمد رسول الله

'''Transliteration:''' ašhadu ʾanla ilāha illal-Lāh, wa ʾašhadu ʾanna muḥammadan rasūlul-Lāh

'''Literal:''' There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.}}

As you can see, even though many English speaking Muslims claim it states "there is no god but God", this is not the case. Muslims view the name Allah as a proper noun, as opposed to a common noun descriptive applicable to any deity. Allah is not the generic word for 'god' in Arabic, but the ''name'' of Islam's deity.

{{Quote|[http://bewley.virtualave.net/Riscreeds.html The Risala of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani] A Treatise on Maliki Fiqh (Including commentary from ath-Thamr ad-Dani by al-Azhari)(310/922 - 386/996)|['''1.1a'''] The belief that Allah is One is the fundamental basis of Islam, and when Divine Unity is expressed, '''the name "Allah" must be used. It is not permissible to say, "There is no god but the Almighty"''' or use any other names except Allah for the shahada. Nothing at all resembles Him or is equal to Him.}}

====Why some Apologists insist 'Allah' means 'God'====

For some, it is a [[Lying|lie]] told to facilitate proselytisation (Da'wah). For others, it is purely out of ignorance. Language is always evolving, so the actual definition of a word and its popular usage can, and very often does, differ. The word "[[Allah]]", in predominantly Muslim cultures and societies, is used interchangeably with 'God', as most people are Muslims; to them Allah is God, thus to make a distinction would be redundant.

Some are willing to take advantage of people's ignorance of the Arabic language when it suits their purpose. For example: the [[Fake Conversions|false conversion]] story of pop legend [[Michael Jackson (Conversion to Islam)|Michael Jackson]]. A video entitled 'Inshallah' (Allah willing) has been doing the rounds on user-contributed media sites like YouTube. It contains edited footage of Michael Jackson using the phrase 'Inshallah,' and its editor proudly proclaimed on its page "only Muslims say Inshallah." a view which was echoed by many of the Muslim commentators who viewed it. However, it was simply a case of selective editing. The Muslim who made the video had cut off the first part of Michael's statement. It was a 12 year-old promo for his Tunisian fans on the eve of his ''HIS''tory world tour. Since Arabic is [[Tunisia]]'s official language and since Arabic-speaking Jews and Christians living in Tunisia also use the phrase 'Inshallah', it was not proof that he had converted to Islam.

In another case in [[Malaysia]], the government banned Christians from using the word 'Allah' in reference to the Christian God,<ref>"[http://archive.compassdirect.org/en/display.php?page=news&lang=en&length=long&idelement=5183&backpage=archives&critere=&countryname=Malaysia&rowcur=0 Malaysia: Government Maintains Only Muslims Can Use ‘Allah’ Term]" - Compass Direct News, January 08, 2008</ref> and in one incident, reported by CNN in October of 2009, twenty-thousand Bibles were seized by authorities because they referred to the Christian God as 'Allah,'<ref>Saeed Ahmed - "[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/10/29/malaysia.bibles.seized/ Bibles seized as Malaysia minorities fear fundamentalism]" - CNN, October 29, 2009</ref> completely disregarding the fact that due to the evolution of the Malay language, which has borrowed extensively from Arabic, Sanskrit and Portuguese, there is no indigenous Malay word for 'God' other than the pagan 'Allah'. It was reported that in 2010 a court ruling overturned the ban, a decision which the government has appealed against, insisting that it should remain in place.<ref name="Churches Attacked in Malaysian ‘Allah’ Dispute"></ref> This decision to allow Christians to use the word 'Allah' has led to violent protests and bombings of several Malaysian churches.<ref name="Churches Attacked in Malaysian ‘Allah’ Dispute"></ref> One of the protesters summed up the thoughts of many Malaysian Muslims, stating, “Allah is only for us, The Christians can use any word, we don’t care, but please don’t use the word Allah.”<ref name="Churches Attacked in Malaysian ‘Allah’ Dispute">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/09/world/asia/09malaysia.html|title=Churches Attacked in Malaysian ‘Allah’ Dispute|publisher=The New York Times|last=Mydans|first=Seth|date=January 9, 2010}}</ref>

So, according to Muslims, is 'Allah' the word for 'God' or the name of their particular deity distinct from the God of Christianity and Judaism? No doubt you will receive very different answers depending on the situation. However, the original Arabic script found within the Qur'an tells you all that you need to know.

===Akbar===

'''Claim:''' 'Akbar' means 'great.'

'''Fact:''' 'Akbar' in English is translated 'greater,' not 'great.'

'''Great''' = كبير (Kebir)

'''Greater''' = أكبر (Akbar)

====Evidence====

Kebir and akbar are not interchangeable words. For evidence, we only need look to the Qur'an. Both kebir (great) and akbar (greater) are used in the following verse:

{{Quote|{{Qtt|2|219}}|2=
'''Original Arabic script:'''

يسالونك عن الخمر والميسر قل فيها اثمتتفكرون كبير ومنافع للناس واثمهما
اكبر من نفعهما ويسالونك ماذا ينفقون قل العفو كذلك يبين الله لكم الايات لعلكم


'''Transliteration:'''

Yas-aloonaka AAani alkhamri waalmaysiriqul feehima ithmun kabeerun wamanafiAAu lilnnasiwa-ithmuhuma akbaru min nafAAihima wayas-aloonaka mathayunfiqoona quli alAAafwa kathalika yubayyinu Allahulakumu al-ayati laAAallakum tatafakkaroona

'''Yusuf Ali:'''

They ask thee concerning wine and gambling. Say: "In them is great sin, and some profit, for men; but the sin is greater than the profit." They ask thee how much they are to spend; Say: "What is beyond your needs." Thus doth Allah Make clear to you His Signs: In order that ye may consider- <ref>[http://www.irreduciblefifth.force9.co.uk/burhan/b.x.373.htm Quran root browser - ك ب ر - k-b-r]</ref>}}

===Allahu Akbar===
====Lane's Lexicon and Other Sources====

Lane's Lexicon, the most revered and scholarly dictionary of the Arabic language, confirms the majority view is that "Allahu Akbar" refers to Allah being "greater". Unlike in its early years, so does [[Wikipedia]], stating the phrase literally means "God is greater". But is usually translated "God is [the] Greatest," or "God is Great".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takbir|title= Takbir|publisher= Wikipedia|author= |date= accessed August 4, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTakbir&date=2013-08-04|deadurl=no}}</ref> Similarly, Pierre Tristam, the [[Lebanon|Lebanese]]-[[United States|American]] About.com Guide states, although most often translated as "god is great," Allahu Akbar is Arabic for "god is greater," or "god is greatest."<ref>{{cite web|url= http://middleeast.about.com/od/a/g/allahu-akbar-definition.htm|title= Allahu Akbar|publisher= Middle East Issues (About.com)|author= Pierre Tristam|date= accessed August 4, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmiddleeast.about.com%2Fod%2Fa%2Fg%2Fallahu-akbar-definition.htm&date=2013-08-04|deadurl=no}}</ref> Many news sources and other web resources are now also beginning to use the more correct translation.

====Used in Context by Muhammad====

"Allahu Akbar" has been used historically by Muslims as a battle cry during war.<ref name="Ludwig W. Adamec">Ludwig W. Adamec, "Historical Dictionary of Islam", Scarecrow Press, 2nd ed. 2009, p. 32</ref> This precedent was set by Prophet [[Muhammad]] when he attacked the Jews of Khaibar.

In the following [[sahih]] [[hadith]], you can see the phrase has been translated correctly into English by Muslims.

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|195}}|Narrated Anas:

The Prophet set out for Khaibar and reached it at night. He used not to attack if he reached the people at night, till the day broke. So, when the day dawned, the Jews came out with their bags and spades. When they saw the Prophet; they said, "Muhammad and his army!" '''The Prophet said, Allahu--Akbar! (Allah is Greater)''' and Khaibar is ruined, for whenever we approach a nation (i.e. enemy to fight) then it will be a miserable morning for those who have been warned."}}

One must also note that if the word "Allah" meant "God", why then would he be telling the Jews of Khaibar (who supposedly worship the same god) that Islam's Allah is greater?

Here are a few more quotes which use the phrase "Allahu Akbar".

{{Quote|1={{Muwatta|15|15|7|22}}|2=Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu Ubayd, the mawla of Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik, from Ata ibn Yazid al-Laythi that Abu Hurayra said, "Whoever says 'Glory be to Allah' (Subhana'llah) thirty-three times and ''''Allah is Greater' (Allahu akbar)''' thirty-three times and 'Praise be to Allah' (al-hamdu lillah) thirty-three times, and seals the hundred with 'There is no god but Allah, alone without any partner. The Kingdom and praise belong to Him and He has power over everything' (La ilaha illa'llah, wahdahu la sharika lah, lahu'l mulku wa lahu'l hamd, wa huwa ala kulli shay'in qadir) after every prayer will have his wrong actions forgiven him even if they are abundant as the foam on the sea."}}

{{Quote|1={{Muwatta|49|49|10|34}}|2=Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa that his father never brought food or drink, nor even a remedy which he ate or drank but that he said, "Praise be to Allah who has guided us and fed us and given us to drink and blessed us. '''Allah is greater'''. O Allah! We have found Your blessing with every evil, give us every good in the morning and evening. We ask You for its completion and its gratitude. There is no good except Your good. There is no god other than You, the God of the salihun and the Lord of the Worlds. Praise be to Allah. There is no god but Allah. What Allah wills. There is no power except in Allah. O Allah! Bless us in what You have provided us with and protect us from the punishment of the Fire!"
 
Al-hamdu lillahi-lladhi hadana wa at amana wa saqana wa naamana. '''Allahu akbar'''. Allahumma'l fatna nimatik bi-kulli sharr. Fa asbahna minha wa amsayna bi-kulli khayr. Nasaluka tamamaha wa shukraha. La khayr illa khayruk. Wa la ilaha ghayruk. Ilaha'-saliheen wa rabba'l-alameen. Al-hamdu lillah. Wa la ilaha illa'llah. Ma sha'Allah. Wa la quwwata illa billah. Allahumma barik lana fima razaqtana. Waqina adhaba'n-na}}

==Conclusion==

Many Muslims and their apologists claim "Allahu Akbar" is simply the Arabic translation of a common English phrase meaning "God is great!" However, this is untrue. "Allahu Akbar" does not mean "God is great" as claimed. It actually means "Allah is greater."

'Allah' is not simply the Arabic word for 'God,' but the name of Islam's chosen deity and 'Akbar' does not mean 'great', but 'greater'. Greater than what? The answer is, ''Allah is greater than whatever god you happen to believe in''.

==See Also==

{{Hub4|Allah|Allah}}
{{Hub4|Islamic Terms|Islamic Terms}}

==External Links==

*[http://forum09.faithfreedom.org/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=10908&p=166554#p166554 Allahu Akbar] ''- Muslim Arabic speaker, commenting on this page, confirms "Allahu Akbar" means "Allah is greater" (not "God is great)"''

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Terms and Definitions]][[Category:Islamic Propaganda]]
[[Category:Sani]]
[[ru:Аллаху_Акбар]]
[[bg:Аллаху Акбар]]

Islam

2016-02-10T03:17:45Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 165.155.110.86 (talk) to last revision by Axius

This article is intended primarily for non-Muslims and it will be written in a biographical fashion by closely following Mohammed's life. We will explain in chronological order his 'revelations', his actions, and how they affect the Islamic beliefs. We will rely primarily on Islamic doctrine and on Islamic commentary written by Muslims themselves, with some further explanation whenever necessary.

But before we delve into scripture we will start with a basic introduction followed by a discussion about terrorism, and finishing with the topic of religion and Muslims.

==Introduction==

Muslims believe '''Islam''' is the last of the Abrahamic [[Monotheism|monotheistic]] religions, which Muslims believe was revealed to [[Muhammad]] by [[Allah]] through the angel Gabriel and written down in the [[Qur'an]]. Muslims believe that Muhammad was Allah's final prophet and the [[Uswa Hasana|perfect human]] being who is to be emulated by all Muslims for all time. The [[Sunnah]], which was Muhammad's way of life and is the prescribed way of life for Muslims, was revealed to Muslims through the biographies of Mohammed, called the [[Hadith]].

There are estimated to be 1.5 billion adherents, making Islam the second-largest religion in the world.<ref>{{cite book |author= Teece, Geoff |title=Religion in Focus: Islam |publisher=Smart Apple Media| year=2005| page=10}}</ref> Under the leadership of Muhammad and his successors, Islam rapidly spread by religious conversion and military conquest ([[Jihad]]).

==Etymology==

{{Main|The Meaning of Islam}}

''Lissan al-Arab'', one of the most authoritative lexicons of the Arabic language, mentions that the word 'Islam' is derived from the root verb ''istaslama'' (استسلاما); which means 'to submit' or 'give in' or 'surrender', while the term ''salam'' (سلام) means peace, a truce, or a non-warring state.

The word ''Islam'' derives from the Arabic triconsonantal root sīn-lām-mīm (SLM [ س ل م ]). Many different words are created from this root word by inserting different vowels between the three root consonants. Many English speakers wrongly assume that if two Arabic words share the same root word then their meanings are related when in reality the fact that some words share the same root word does not imply a relationship between the meanings of the words. For instance, all of these words are derived from the root S-L-M:

{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"
|-
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="left" class="wikitable"
! width = 150px | Word
! width = 80px | Arabic
! width = 210px | Meaning
|-
| Islam
| اسلام 
| Submission
|-
| Salam
| سلام
| Well-being/Peace
|-
| (Derivation of) Salama
| سلما
| The stinging of a snake or the tanning of the leather
|-
| Saleema
| سليما
| To be saved or to escape from danger (when refering to a female)
|-
| Saleem
| سليم
| To be saved or to escape from danger (when refering to a male)
|-
| Aslam
| اسلم
| To submit
|-
| Istaslama
| استسلاما
| To surrender
|-
| Musal
| مسل
| Undisputed
|-
| Tasleem
| تسليم
| To receive a salutation or becoming submitted
|}
|-
| Many people have wrongly attempted to equate the word ''Islam'' with peace by showing that ''Islam'', meaning 'submission', shares a root word with ''Salaam'', meaning 'peace'. But if such relationships between the meanings of Arabic words can be created then that would imply that there is a relationship between one of the derivations of the infinitive ''Salama'', meaning the stinging of the snake or tanning the leather, and ''Salam'', meaning peace; a relationship which obviously does not exist.
|}

== Jihad ==
{{main|Jihad}}

It must first be recognized that not all Muslims are terrorists and that not all terrorists are Muslim. There are terrorists and terrorist organizations that are non-Muslim and there are many Muslims who do not commit terrorist acts. Furthermore, not all terrorist acts that are committed by Muslims are motivated by Islam. What we are interested in is terrorism that has Islam as one of its primary motivations.

We will distinguish between terrorism committed by Muslims and Islamic terrorism, that is, terrorism that has Islam as one of its primary motivations. Clearly all Islamic terrorism is terrorism committed by Muslims, but it is not correct to say that all terrorism committed by Muslims is Islamic terrorism. Some terrorist acts that are committed by Muslims do not have Islam as one of their primary motivators.

There are many misconceptions about the causes of Islamic terrorism, such as that Islamic terrorism is caused by poverty or geopolitical tensions. Although these are popular beliefs they are not the reality. For instance, poverty is often said to be the cause of Islamic terrorism but this argument ignores the fact that Islamic terrorism transcends economic lines to include the wealthy Osama bin Laden, the middle class like many European Islamic terrorists, and the poor like many Palestinians. Marc Sageman, from the Foreign Policy Research Institute, writes:

There is no "war on terrorism"; Islamic terrorism is a symptom of a much deeper problem within Islamic scripture.

Modern critiques of Islam include accusations that it is intolerant of criticism and that [[sharia|Islamic law]] is too hard on [[Islam and Apostasy|apostates]]. After a detailed project undertaken to study Islam, Qur'an and Hadiths, the [[w:The Pentagon|Pentagon]] has concluded that "Islam is an ideological engine of war (Jihad)."<ref>{{cite news | last= | first= | title=Suicide bombers follow Quran, concludes Pentagon briefing | date=September 27, 2006 | publisher=worldnetdaily.com | work=World Net Daily News | url=http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=52184}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news | last=Sperry | first=Paul | title=The Pentagon Breaks the Islam Taboo | date=December 14, 2005 | publisher=FrontPageMagazine.com | work=FrontPage Magazine | url=http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/Read.aspx?GUID={F5505727-0D41-432E-AE50-AF20B242B4B2}}</ref>Critics such as Robert Spencer and Ibn Warraq question the morality of the Qur'an; for example, they say that its contents both justify the ill-treatment of [[Islam and Women|women]] and encourage [[Islamic Antisemitism|antisemitic]] remarks by Muslim theologians.

== Pre-Islamic Arabia ==

The Arabian peninsula can be divided into two contrasting climatic regions. The South along the coast receives regular rainfall and has abundant plant life, while the north consists of an inhospitable desert with few rivers which resulted in its people living lives that were far more isolated than the lives of the southerners. This Southern region is occupied by Sabaeans who developed successful and advanced civilizations, but by the seventh century this region had fallen into disarray.

The North-East is especially inhospitable with little water and little plant life, except for the date palm. It has a barren desert environment with extremes in climate that vary from warm to extremely hot and life is at a subsistence level. Due to its harsh environment this area has been inhabited by Bedouin Arabs who are nomadic pastors that have lived in small tribal groups for most of their history. Further to the West along the coast there existed oases that were occupied by prosperous sedentary Arabs who themselves had once been Bedouins Arabs. Due to the importance of this land, all parts of these oases were possessed by sedentary Arabs thereby forcing the Bedouins Arabs to live in the interior of the peninsula, away from the coasts.

In the Bedouin Arab society, women were dehumanized, and child marriages and female infanticide were common. With life as an on-going struggle against the forces of nature that comprise of desert storms and a bleak and monotonous environment, the mental make-up of the Bedouin Arabs has been shaped by the dictum of kill or be killed, even before Islam was founded.

This has been the psyche of the Bedouin Arabs who inhabited the inner Arabian peninsula. The people who came from the same stock and who lived further north in Mesopotamia had a different geographic and climatic environment. They developed advanced riparian civilizations on the banks of the Farath (Euphrates) and Tigra (Tigris) rivers. The Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations of Hamm-ur-rabi, Assur-bin-ipal and Nabu-chad-nazar, were developed by the same Semitic people who lived in peninsular Arabia. So the temperament of a same ethnic people (the Arabs) could be entirely different, depending on the environment in which they resided.

===Arabian Religions, Mecca, and the Quraysh===

One of the most important economic and religious cities in pre-Islamic Arabia was the city of Mecca. Mecca was home to the Ka'bah, a giant cube that was central to pagan worship and which once housed dozens of pagan Gods, the most prominent of which were Allah and his three daughters al-Uzza, al-Lat, and Manat. Mecca's central role in Arabian pagan religion supplied the city with many pilgrims and traders and allowed it to become a prosperous center of trade. The pagan Quraysh tribe was the most prominent and influential tribe in Mecca, and it was to this tribe that Mohammed was born.

Christians and Jews also lived in Arabia. Christians lived around Najran, modern day Yemen, and groups of Christians who had left the Byzantine Empire were scattered around Arabia. The Lakhid kingdom in Norther Arabia and the Ghassanid kingdom in northwestern Arabia were also Christian; and there were powerful and important Jewish tribes in the Khaybar oasis and Yemen. In Medina there were three powerful Jewish tribes: Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayzah and Banu Qaynuqa.

==See Also==
===Components of Islam===
*[[Muhammad]]
*[[Qur'an]]
*[[Allah]]
*[[Kaaba|Ka'aba]]

===Other Articles===
*[[Fastest Growing Religion]] ''- common claim made by Muslims''
*[[Statistics]] ''- statistics relating to Muslims around the world''
*[[Quotations]] ''- quotes from famous Muslims and non-Muslims''
*[[Islam: A Critical Analysis]] ''- is Islam from Allah or a human religion?''
*[[Theism]]
*[[Islamization of Knowledge]]

===Core Articles===
Core articles contain an overview of other articles related to a specific issue, and serve as a starting point for anyone wishing to learn about Islam:
* [[Islam and Apostasy]]
* [[Islam and Homosexuality]]
* [[Islam and Miracles]]
* [[Islam and Pedophilia]]
* [[Islam and Propaganda]]
* [[Islam and Science]]
* [[Islam and Scripture]]
* [[Islam and the People of the Book]]
* [[Islam and Women]]

== References and Citations==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:General Analysis]]
[[Category:Articles needing to be rewritten]]

MediaWiki:Vars

2016-02-10T03:14:50Z

Axius: Spam bots, lockdown

Scientific Errors in the Quran

2016-02-07T13:05:45Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 94.99.112.242 (talk) to last revision by Axius

{{page_title|Scientific Errors in the Qur'an}}
{{under review}}
Muslims believe that the [[Qur'an]] contains a message from an all-powerful, all-knowing, infallible being. If this is true then it should not contain any [[Contradictions and Errors|errors, mistakes]], or information that contradicts known facts about the universe. If even one error exists in the text of [[Islam]]'s holy book then the claims of divine authorship and infallibility are not true. An objective evaluation of the Qur’an shows that it contains numerous [[Islam and Science|scientific]] and historical errors and it reflects a pre-scientific, 7th century view of the natural world.

Some apologists will contest these numerous scientific errors in the Qur'an by appealing to metaphor, alternative meanings, or [[w:Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenological]] interpretations of the text. Even if we suppose that alternative explanations were possible in every case, the wording and content of the Qur'anic verses often mimic the popular mythology and unscientific misconceptions of the time in which they were recorded. The author of the Qur’an makes no clear or unambiguous statements that differentiate his understanding of the natural world from the common folklore of the people living in the 7th century. If the Qur’an was delivered by an all-powerful, all-knowing being then he would have been able to foresee how such ambiguous and misleading statements would be understood by future generations and the doubts and confusions they would cause. This alone should be reason to reject any claims to its divine authorship.

==Astronomy==

=== Geocentricism===
{{Main|Geocentrism and the Quran|l1=Geocentrism and the Qur'an}}

The Qur'an mentions numerous times that the sun and the moon travel in an orbit, but does not mention once that the earth does too. This is consistent with a earth-centered (geocentric) view of the cosmos that places a motionless earth at the center of the universe and all "heavenly bodies" travel around the earth. This was the prevailing understanding of the universe prior to the 16th century when Copernicus helped explain and popularize a sun-centered (heliocentric) view of the universe. Tellingly, the sun's orbit is always mentioned in the context of night and day.

{{Quote|{{cite quran|36|37|end=38|style=ref}}|
A token unto them is night. We strip it of the day, and lo! they are in darkness. And the sun runneth on unto a resting-place for him. That is the measuring of the Mighty, the Wise.}}
This is in a passage about night and day. Right after describing the change from day to night, it says that the sun runs on to a resting place for it (a few translations use instead, "appointed term", though in nearly all other verses where we find قرر as a participle they translate it as a place of settlement or an abode or resting place. There are also sahih hadith that mention the sun's daily cycle using the same Arabic word as in verse 36:38 to mean a resting place {{Muslim|1|297}} (for the Arabic of this hadith, see [http://sunnah.com/muslim/1/306 here]).

The alternative view was that it refers to the sun's final resting on the last day. There are other verses (35:13, 31:29, 39:5, 13:2) that mention the sun and moon floating/swimming (with the same verb as is translated "run" in 36:38) for a term appointed (لِأَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى which does have that meaning - مُسْتَقَرٍّ in 36:38 is a different word). Another version of the above mentioned hadith (e.g. {{Bukhari|9|93|520}} - for the Arabic see [http://sunnah.com/bukhari/97/52 here]) probably supports this view, with a different ending indicating that the مُسْتَقَرٍّ (resting place) in 36:38 refers to the end of the world when the sun is asked to rise from its setting place (مِنْ مَغْرِبِهَا). Whichever interpretation was intended, the sun's movement is nevertheless mentioned right after describing day and night, just as the next verse mentions the different mansions appointed for the moon each night. The whole passage is about day and night and the sun and moon's movement in that context.

{{Quote|{{Quran|36|40}}|
It is not for the sun to overtake the moon, nor doth the night outstrip the day. They float each in an orbit. }}

Some apologists try to explain away the Qur'anic description of the sun moving in an orbit as a reference to our sun orbiting the black hole at the center of the milky way galaxy every 225 million years. This is an [[w:Ad hoc hypothesis|Ad hoc hypothesis]], of no relevance to human time scales, and nothing from the text implies that the sun is orbiting anything other than the earth. If the author had knowledge of the sun orbiting a black hole then it is conspicuous that he never mentions it explicitly nor in any way differentiates the sun's orbit from that of the moon.

In the Qur'an, the moon and the sun orbit the earth together. There is no distinction made between the moon, which actually revolves around the earth, and the sun which only appears to revolve around the earth when in fact the sun's apparent movement through the sky is a product of the rotation of the earth around its axis.

{{Quote|{{cite quran|91|1|end=2|style=ref}}}|
By the Sun and his (glorious) splendour; By the Moon as she follows him; }}
The Arabic word translated "follow" is primarily defined as to follow, go or walk behind, follow in way of immitation, of action etc. and is often used for animals like camels following behind each other. This is very much compatible with and suggestive of a worldview in which the moon and sun traverse the same or similar paths after one another, which is what a 7th century person might believe from observing the sky. The choice of word is not suggestive merely of appearing one after the other.

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|33}}|And He it is Who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon. They float, each in an orbit.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|31|29}}|Hast thou not seen how Allah causeth the night to pass into the day and causeth the day to pass into the night, and hath subdued the sun and the moon (to do their work), each running unto an appointed term; and that Allah is Informed of what ye do?}}

Notice also that the path of the sun is something that the author expects people to have seen (another problem for the galactic orbit interpretation).

===Setting and Rising Place of the Sun===
{{Main|Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring}}

The Qur'an assumes a flat earth which has physical places into which the sun sets and rises from. Since the earth is a rotating sphere, the sun does not set in any particular place and you can never travel to "the spot" where the sun sets nor a place where it rises; the sun appears to set or rise on the horizon no matter where you are on the planet. In these verses, the author propagates a popular legend from the 7th century of a man named Dhu'l-Qarnayn who visits the places where the sun sets and rises; here he finds the sun going down into a muddy spring and later rising on a tribe with no coverings.

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|86}}|
Till, when he reached the setting-place of the sun, he found it setting in a muddy spring, and found a people thereabout. We said: O Dhu'l-Qarneyn! Either punish or show them kindness. }}

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|90}}|
Till, when he reached the rising-place of the sun, he found it rising on a people for whom We had appointed no shelter therefrom. }}

Some Muslim Apologists have come up with creative interpretations of these verses to say that Dhu'l-Qrnayn only traveled until he reached "the west" or to a spot "at the time" when the sun set and not the "place" where the sun set. Unfortunately, these alternative interpretations are severely undermined by the [[Dhul-Qarnayn_and_the_Sun_Setting_in_a_Muddy_Spring_-_Part_One#First_interpretation:_He_reached_the_west_and_east|context and Arabic words]] used in these verses, which instead point to a physical location. Again, we must ask why an all-knowing being would use such misleading verses that mimic the misconceptions and legends prevalent at the time if one of these alternative explanations is correct.

===Stars are Missiles Shot at Devils===
{{Main|Mistranslations of Quran 67-5|l1=Mistranslations of Qur'an 67:5}}

The author of the Qur'an does not seem to know the difference between stars (giant balls of gas thousands of times larger than the earth) and meteorites which are small rocky masses of debris which brighten up after entering the earth's atmosphere. Many ancient people confused the two, as meteorites look like stars that are streaking across the sky; this is why there were often called [[w:Meteoroid|shooting stars]] or falling stars. In the following verse, the Qur'an claims that Allah uses stars as missiles to ward away devils. This repeats a common Arab myth at the time the Qur'an was first recited.

{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|
And verily We have beautified the world's heaven with stars/lamps, and We have made them missiles for the devils, and for them We have prepared the doom of flame. }}

{{Quote|{{Quran|37|10}}|
Except such as snatch away something by stealth, and they are pursued by a flaming fire, of piercing brightness.}}

===Moon Emits Light===

The moon does not emit its own light but simply reflects light coming from the Sun. The Arabic word for reflected (in`ikaas) does not appear in this Qur'anic verse that says the Moon is a "light". It instead uses the word "Noor" which is used to denote an entity that emits light.

{{Quote|{{Quran|71|16}}|
And hath made the moon a light therein, and made the sun a lamp?}}

The word "Noor" is also used in this verse to show that Allah is the "light" of the universe. Clearly the author is not implying that Allah reflects light from another source but is the source of the light.

{{Quote|{{Quran|24|35}}|
Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The Parable of His Light is as if there were a Niche and within it a Lamp: the Lamp enclosed in Glass: the glass as it were a brilliant star: Lit from a blessed Tree, an Olive, neither of the east nor of the west, whose oil is well-nigh luminous, though fire scarce touched it: Light upon Light! Allah doth guide whom He will to His Light: Allah doth set forth Parables for men: and Allah doth know all things.}}

===Moon was Split in Two===
{{Main|Moon Split Miracle}}

The Qur'an and Hadith claim that the moon was miraculously split into two pieces and then, presumably, put back together again. There is absolutely no scientific evidence whatsoever that the moon has ever been split into two. Since the moon is visible to half the planet at any given time, we should expect to see numerous accounts from different parts of the world attesting to this event if it actually happened. The Romans, Greeks, Egyptians, Persians, Chinese and Indians had avid astronomers who should have seen this event and recorded it in their histories. The absence of historical record from other civilizations, contemporary to Muhammad, is a strong indication that this event never happened.

{{Quote|{{Quran|54|1-3}}|The hour drew nigh and the moon did rend asunder. }}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|831}}|Narrated Anas: "That the Meccan people requested Allah's Apostle to show them a miracle, and so he showed them the splitting of the moon."}}

=== Sun, Moon and Stars Created for Humans===
The sun, moon and stars are much older than humans. But the Qur'an states their created purpose is for timekeeping and navigation.

{{Quote|{{Quran|10|5}}|It is He Who made the sun to be a shining glory and the moon to be a light (of beauty), and measured out stages for her; that ye might know the number of years and the count (of time).}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|189}}|They ask thee concerning the New Moons. Say: They are but signs to mark fixed periods of time in (the affairs of) men, and for Pilgrimage.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|96}}|He it is that cleaveth the day-break (from the dark): He makes the night for rest and tranquillity, and the sun and moon for the reckoning (of time): Such is the judgment and ordering of (Him), the Exalted in Power, the Omniscient. }}

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|97}}|It is He Who maketh the stars (as beacons) for you, that ye may guide yourselves, with their help, through the dark spaces of land and sea: We detail Our signs for people who know. }}

=== Night is a Veil ===
Night is just the darkness of space as seen from the earth due its rotation.

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|54}}| Your Guardian-Lord is Allah, who created the heavens and the earth in six days, and is firmly established on the throne (of authority): He draweth the night as a veil o'er the day, each seeking the other in rapid succession: }}

===Seven Planets in the Universe===
{{Main|Cosmology of the Quran|l1=Cosmology of the Qur'an}}

This verse claims there are seven planets. However, according to astronomers, there are eight ordinary planets and five dwarf planets, which leaves the grand total at thirteen in our solar system. Modern astronomy also has found hundreds of other planets in other solar systems and Cosmologists estimate that hundreds of billions of stars and planets exist in the universe. The author of the Qur'an singling out such a small number of celestial objects only reaffirms his ignorance of the makeup of the universe.

{{Quote|{{Quran|65|12}}|
Allah is He Who created seven Firmaments and of the earth a '''similar number'''. Through the midst of them (all) descends His Command: that ye may know that Allah has power over all things, and that Allah comprehends, all things in (His) Knowledge. }}

A Tafsir (interpretation of the Qur'an) attributed to Ibn Abbas, but by an unknown author and date, says that Allah means that all 7 planets are flat planets.

{{Quote|Tafsir Ibn-Abass | Allah is He who created 7 heavens one above the other like a dome, and of the Earths, the like thereof, 7 planets but '''they are flat'''}}

A hadith suggests that these are seven earths stacked above each other.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|43|634}}| The Prophet said, "Whoever takes a piece of the land of others unjustly, he will sink down the seven earths on the Day of Resurrection.}}

===Seven Heavens===
{{Main|Cosmology of the Quran|l1=Cosmology of the Qur'an}}

The universe consists of hundreds of billions of galaxies, each with hundreds of billions of stars. There is no such thing as seven layers to the universe. This myth of seven heavens was a common idea prevalent in the Middle East during the time when the Qur'an was first recited.

{{Quote|{{Quran|71|15}}|
See ye not how Allah has created the seven heavens one above another}}

There are only 5 not 7 principal layers to the [[W:Atmosphere of Earth|Earth's atmosphere]], and likewise only 5 not 7 major layers to the Earth itself.

{{Quote|{{Quran|65|12}}|Allah is He Who created seven heavens, and of the earth the like of them; the decree continues to descend among them, that you may know that Allah has power over all things and that Allah indeed encompasses all things in (His) knowledge.}}

===Stars are Located in the Nearest Heaven===

Stars are spread throughout the Universe and there is no such thing as the "nearest" heaven or layer. Also, this verse is in keeping with the author's claim (Quran 71:15 as described above) that the seven heavens are arranged one above the other.

{{Quote|{{Quran|37|6}}| Surely We have adorned the nearest heaven with an adornment, the stars}}

===Earth Created in Six Days===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Creation}}

The earth first formed around 9 billion years after the Big Bang. The Qur'an, however, repeats the prevailing middle eastern myth that the earth and universe were formed in six days.

{{Quote|{{Quran|50|38}}|
We created the heavens and the earth and all between them in Six Days, nor did any sense of weariness touch Us}}

Muslim apologists try and rescue the Qur'an by pointing to an alternative meaning of the Arabic word 'yawm' which typically means 'day' but can sometimes mean 'time period'. However the predominant meaning of the word is day and when a specific number is used, in this case six, the word almost always means a literal 24-hour day. Again, nothing in the context of the verses, nor the Qur'an in general, suggests the universe or earth were formed over long time periods. Secondly, neither the universe nor earth were formed in six long periods of time. It would have been trivial for an all-knowing diety to simply state that the universe was first formed over [[w:Age of the universe|13.8 billion years ago]]. However, this information is conspicuously missing.

===Earth Created before Stars===

The author of the Qur'an is also unaware that the [[w:Abundance of elements in Earth's crust|elements in the Earth's crust]] and core were first formed in stars. Modern science has proposed that all the elements that make up the earth (Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Iron, etc.) was originally formed by [[w:Nucleosynthesis|nucleosynthesis]] in stars and then expelled into the universe when those stars [[w:Supernova|supernova]]. Yet the Qur'an describes the earth being formed before the stars and from "smoke" or material that pre-dates stars. All rocky and gaseous planets in the universe were formed in a similar manner to the earth and the Qur'an singling out the earth only further highlights the authors ignorance of the history of the formation of celestial objects.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|29}}|
He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth. Then turned He to the heaven, and fashioned it as seven heavens. And He is knower of all things. }}

====Earth and Heavens were Ripped Apart====

Some apologists claim that the following verse is compatible with the [[w:Big Bang|Big Bang]] theory. But according to this theory, the Universe was formed about 13.8 billion years ago due to a [[w:Chronology of the universe|rapid expansion]] from singularity. The earth was formed 4.54 billion years ago from [[w:History of the Earth|accretion]] of debris that surrounded the precursor of the Sun. There was no "separation" of the "joined" earth and heavens as this verse suggests. It is, in fact, a repetition of [[w:World egg|cosmic egg]] myths in which an egg-like structure was split into two halves, the lower half forming the earth and the upper half forming the heaven.

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|30}}|
Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of creation), before we clove them asunder? We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe? }}

====Universe was Made from Smoke by Contraction====
{{main|Quran and a Universe from Smoke}}

Neither was there any stage of formation of the Universe that involved smoke (carbon particles suspended as a result of combustion) nor did the earth and heavens "come" together at any point of time. Earth is a part of this Universe and has developed within it.

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|41|11|12}}|
Then turned He to the heaven when it was smoke, and said unto it and unto the earth: Come both of you, willingly or loth. They said: We come, obedient. Then He ordained them seven heavens in two Days and inspired in each heaven its mandate; and We decked the nether heaven with lamps, and rendered it inviolable. That is the measuring of the Mighty, the Knower. }}

The next verse clearly says that stars were created after the seven heavens which took two days to create, and after the earth which was created even earlier.

===The Cause of Shadows===
Shadows are produced when the sun's light is blocked by an obstacle. It is the Earth's rotation that causes these shadows to change size and location. However, by calling the sun the guide of shadows, this verse claims shadows are caused due to the sun's movement. A non-living "guide" can have two meanings: a controller of movement or an indicator. Other translations of this verse do call the sun an indicator but this is also unscientific because the sun cannot ''indicate'' them.

{{Quote|{{Quran|25|45-46}}|
Hast thou not turned thy vision to thy Lord?- How He doth prolong the shadow! If He willed, He could make it stationary! then do We make the sun its guide; Then We draw it in towards Ourselves,- a contraction by easy stages.}}

Further, this verse suggests that shadows can be made stationary i.e. the rotation of the earth can be stopped. This is not possible. Then the next verse says that shadows are drawn towards Allah which has no scientific meaning.

===Sun is a Flat Disk===

This verse suggests that the Sun is flat and can be folded up. The Sun appears as a flat disc from the perspective of a person on earth, but the [[w:Sun|sun]] is in fact a near-perfect sphere (oblate spheroid). The verse implies the authors ignorance of this fact.

{{Quote|{{Quran|81|1}}|
When the sun (with its spacious light) is folded up}}

===The similar size and distance of the sun and moon===
{{Main|Geocentrism and the Quran|l1=Geocentrism and the Qur'an}}

The Qur'an has statements about the end of the world that are much as one would expect if the author believed the sun and moon to be of similar size and a similar distance from Earth.

{{Quote|{{cite quran|75|8|end=9|style=ref}}|And the moon darkens And the sun and the moon are joined,}}

The word translated "are joined" is Arabic jumi'a, a verb which means to collect together, gather together, bring together. Given that this would actually require the moon to travel 98 million miles away from Earth and into the sun, which dwarfs it by over 600 times in diameter, it seems vastly less fitting as an apocalyptic event than if the ancient conception of the cosmos was correct.

===Sky is a Tent/Dome===

A common myth at the time of the Quran's composition was that the sky or heavens were held up with pillars. Many Bedouin people living in Arabia imagined the sky as a large tent covering, similar to the tents they used. The author repeats this myth by describing the sky as being "raised" above the earth.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|22}}|
It is He Who made the Earth a couch for you, and the sky a dome.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|13|2}}|
Allah is He Who raised the heavens without any pillars that ye can see}}

In another verse, the author says that the sky has a covering.

{{Quote|{{Quran|81|11}}|
And when the heaven has its covering removed,}}

===Sky Guards the Earth===

Asteroids and meteorites have penetrated the atmosphere and hit the earth throughout the course of history. This includes the [[w:Chicxulub crater|massive meteorite]] that hit near the [[w:Yucatán Peninsula|Yucatán Peninsula]] 65 million years which killed off numerous species including most dinosaurs. There is no guardian, whatsoever, that prevents these types of events form happening.

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|32}}|
And We have made the heavens as a canopy well guarded: yet do they turn away from the Signs which these things (point to)}}

===Sky can Fall Down on People===

The Qur'an author thought that the sky is like a ceiling that can fall on someone while the earth can swallow someone too. This is obviously impossible as the earth's atmosphere is simply made of gas.

{{Quote|{{Quran|34|9}}|See they not what is before them and behind them, of the sky and the earth? If We wished, We could cause the earth to swallow them up, or cause a piece of the sky to fall upon them. Verily in this is a Sign for every devotee that turns to Allah (in repentance).}}

===Sky can be Rolled Up===

This is another verse implying that the sky or heaven is something solid.
{{Quote|{{Quran|21|104}}|The Day when We shall roll up the heavens as a recorder rolleth up a written scroll. }}

===Ignorance of the North and South Poles===
{{Main|The Ramadan Pole Paradox}}

In polar regions, the longevity of day and night vary during summer and winter. The day gets shorter and shorter in winter until there are days or weeks of uninterrupted night. At the poles themselves, day and night alternately last for six months and all phases of the moon occur several times between sunrise and sunset. The author of the Qur'an did not know about this and he only repeated earlier geocentric ideas.

{{Quote|{{Quran|36|40}}|
It is not for the sun to overtake the moon, nor doth the night outstrip the day. They float each in an orbit. }}

Furthermore, when reading this verse one should wonder in what sense day and night each have an orbit. This does, however, seem to fit with another verse (see above [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Scientific_Errors_in_the_Qur%27an#Night_is_a_Veil Night is a Veil]).

==Biology==

===Evolution===

The Qur'an presupposes a [[creation|creationist]] view of life on earth. Its understanding of the history of human life is incompatible with the overwhelming scientific evidence that humans have evolved from prior life forms, over the course of millions of years, through natural selection [http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence]. While some Muslims accept the theory of evolution, most reject it in favor of a creationist world view. [[Muslim Statistics - Science#Evolution|Opinion polls]] show that the majority of Muslims agree Islam and evolution are not compatible.

====Human Creation from Clay====
{{Main|Creation of Humans from Clay}}

The Qur’an state that humans were created instantaneously from mud or clay. There is no indication that the author is aware of the evolution of human life over millions of years nor our common ancestry with apes and primates.

{{Quote|{{Quran|15|26}}|
We created man from sounding clay, from mud molded into shape; }}

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|117}}|
To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth: When He decreeth a matter, He saith to it: "Be," and it is. }}

====First Humans: Adam and Eve====
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Creation}}

The Qur’an and Hadith contains stories concerning the 'first humans' and how all people are descended from these two earliest ancestors. It states that humans were created in a garden (paradise) and then brought to earth fully formed. This view of the origins of human life is clearly contradicted by the numerous fossils of pre-homosapien species that lived on earth for millions of years before modern humans first evolved.[http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence]

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|189}}|
"He it is Who created you from a single being, and of the same (kind) did He make his mate," }}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|55|548}}| Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah 's Apostle said, "Treat women nicely, for '''a women is created from a rib''', and the most curved portion of the rib is its upper portion, so, if you should try to straighten it, it will break, but if you leave it as it is, it will remain crooked. So treat women nicely." }}

Some Muslim apologists will claim the view of two ancestral “parents” is consistent with recent scientific findings that show a common female and male ancestor of all modern humans. They often exploit the confusion caused by scientists referring to these genetic ancestors as [[W:Mitochondrial Eve|Mitochondrial Eve]] and [[W:Y-chromosomal Adam|Y-chromosomal Adam]]. These two individuals bear little resemblance to the Quranic account as they are simply the last common male and female ancestors of everyone alive today, not of all humans in history. The Qur'an clearly states Eve was created later than Adam, however [[W:Mitochondrial Eve|Mitochondrial Eve]] lived some 50,000 to 80,000 years earlier than [[W:Y-chromosomal Adam|Y-chromosomal Adam]].[http://biologos.org/blog/does-genetics-point-to-a-single-primal-couple] Genetic evidence overwhelmingly indicates that humans diverged from earlier species as a population, not a single couple. [http://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2011/09/18/how-big-was-the-human-population-bottleneck-not-anything-close-to-2/].

====Humans Created in Paradise and then Brought to Earth====
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Creation}}

The author of the Qur'an explicitly states that humans were first created outside of the earth and then only later sent down to live on the planet after being expelled from paradise. We have no evidence that humans ever lived in a terrestrial or extra-terrestrial paradise. In fact, all evidence points to primitive humanoids living in caves for tens of thousands of years before settling into more permanent dwellings. [http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=ab27]

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|36}}|
"Then did Satan make them slip from the (garden), and get them out of the state (of felicity) in which they had been. We said: 'Get ye down, all (ye people), with enmity between yourselves. On '''earth will be your dwelling-place''' and your means of livelihood - for a time.' }}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|4|1856}}| Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The best day on which the sun has risen is''' Friday; on it Adam was created''', on it he was made to enter Paradise, on it he. was expelled from it.}}

===Embryology===
{{Main|Embryology in the Quran|l1=Embryology in the Qur'an}}

The Qur'an and Hadith contain statements about bodily fluids and the stages of development of the human embryo. Many of these descriptions are vague and unscientific. Most bear a striking resemblance to [[Greek and Jewish Ideas about Reproduction in the Quran and Hadith|similar descriptions]] found in the [[w:Talmud|Jewish Talmud]] and the ideas of ancient Greeks [[History of Embryology|such as Galen]], including their errors.

====Sperm Originates Between the Backbone and Ribs====
{{Main|Quran and Semen Production|l1=Qur'an and Semen Production}}

The Qur'an states, incorrectly, that semen originates from a spot between the backbone and ribs. Today we know sperm comes from the [[w:testicle|testicles]] and semen from the pelvic region, which is not between the spine and ribs.

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|86|6|7}}|
He is created from a drop emitted- Proceeding from '''between the backbone and the ribs''' }}

====Embryo is Formed from Male and Female Fluids====
{{Main|Greek and Jewish Ideas about Reproduction in the Quran and Hadith}}

The author of the Qur'an describes the formation of a human embryo from fluids emanating from the man (and possibly also of the woman). This reflects the contemporary, but incorrect, view that the embryo is initially formed out of semen stored in the womb. In fact, semen is the vehicle for the sperm cells, one of which fuses with a woman's [[w:ovum|ovum]] in her [[w:fallopian tube|fallopian tube]], and the resulting cell divides and travels back into the womb for implantation. While English translations mention a "drop of seed", or "drop of sperm", the Arabic word in question literally means a small amount of liquid, a euphemism for semen.

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|77|20|22}}|
Did We not create you from a '''liquid disdained'''? And We placed it in a firm lodging For a known extent.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|80|18|19}}|
From what thing doth He create him? From a '''drop of seed'''. He createth him and proportioneth him}}

{{Quote|{{Quran-wi|76|2}}|Verily We created Man from '''a drop of mingled sperm''' [nutfatin amshajin], in order to try him: So We gave him (the gifts), of Hearing and Sight.}}

====No Mention of Female Ovum====

The Qur'an's author did not mention the role of the ovum in human reproduction and appears to have no knowledge of it. This verse fails to mention the important role of the female egg, or ovum, plays in the reproduction of humankind. It implies that reproduction is caused simply by the male semen. The human ovum is very small, though visible to the human eye, and it's purpose wasn't understood in the 7th century. Again, we are left wondering why an all-knowing deity would omit such information.

{{Quote|{{Quran|86|6}}|He is created from a drop emitted}}

====Humans Created from a Clot of Blood====
{{Main|Embryology in Islamic Scripture}}

The Qur'an and Hadith depict that humans are formed from a clot of blood. There was never a stage in embryonic development where humans are formed into a clot of blood. This description is likely influenced by an unscientific and primitive understanding of human reproduction based on observations from an early-term miscarriage and a woman's menstrual cycle.

{{Quote|{{Quran|96|2}}|
Created man, out of a (mere) clot of congealed blood: }}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|430}}|Narrated 'Abdullah bin Mus'ud:

“Allah's Apostle, the true and truly inspired said, "(The matter of the Creation of) a human being is put together in the womb of the mother in forty days, and then he becomes a '''clot of thick blood for a similar period''', and then a piece of flesh for a similar period.”}}

===All Organisms are Created in Pairs===
{{Main|Quranic Claim of Everything Created in Pairs|l1=Qur'anic Claim of Everything Created in Pairs}}

Not every creature procreates or reproduces through male and female sexual relationship. The [[w:Desert grassland whiptail lizard|whiptail lizard]] in the U.S. Southwest, Mexico, and South America, is an all-females species which reproduces by [[w:parthenogenesis|parthenogenesis]]. [[w:virus|Viruses]] reproduce using a host's DNA and are neither female nor male. [[w:Bacteria|Bacteria]] reproduce by cell division. [[w:Fungus|Fungus]] can reproduce either sexually or asexually. Many species of plants also reproduce either asexually or through [[w:Pollination|pollination]].

{{Quote|{{Quran|51|49}}|
And of '''every thing''' We have created pairs: That ye may receive instruction. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran|36|36}}|
Glory to Allah, Who created in pairs '''all things''' that the earth produces, as well as their own (human) kind and (other) things of which they have no knowledge. }}

===Womb has Three Layers===
{{Main|Greek and Jewish Ideas about Reproduction in the Quran and Hadith|l1=Greek and Jewish Ideas about Reproduction in the Qur'an and Hadith}}

The word [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume1/00000257.pdf butun] (بطن) means belly/abdomen/midriff, though some translators like to use the more specific word "womb". There are many more layers in the human body such as the endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium, peritoneum, besides the cervix uteri, corpus uteri, abdomen (with walls), and placenta (with layers). The idea of three membranes around the fetus (chorion, allantois, and amnion) was taught by the highly influential Greek physician, Galen. It is likely that the Quranic author is simply repeating this erroneous idea.

{{Quote|{{Quran|39|6}}|
He created you (all) from a single person: then created, of like nature, his mate; and he sent down for you eight head of cattle in pairs: He makes you, in the wombs of your mothers, in stages, one after another, in '''three veils of darkness'''. such is Allah, your Lord and Cherisher: to Him belongs (all) dominion. There is no god but He: then how are ye turned away (from your true Centre)? }}

===Bones are Formed before Flesh===
{{Main|Embryology in the Quran|l1=Embryology in the Qur'an}}

The Qur'an explains that the bones of a human embryo are formed first and then covered up with flesh. Modern scientific studies and research have shown that the bones and muscles of a developing fetus are formed simultaneously.

{{Quote|{{Quran|23|14}}|
Then We made the sperm into a clot of congealed blood; then of that clot We made a (foetus) lump; then we made out of that lump bones then (not and) clothed the bones with flesh; then we developed out of it another creature. So blessed be Allah, the best to create! }}

===Source and Purity of Milk===
{{Main|Qur'an and Milk}}

The Qur'an states that milk is produced, in the body, somewhere between excretions and blood. The mammary glands, where milk is produced and stored, are nowhere near the intestines which is where excrement is stored. Many kinds of cattle and goat milk needs processing or pasteurization before they can safely be consumed; the milk is often infected with bacteria and other micro-organisms. A significant number of humans are [[Qur'an and Milk|lactose intolerant]] and unable to digest milk without experiencing abdominal bloating and cramps, flatulence, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. This makes the Qur'anic claim that milk is 'pure' and 'agreeable' to those who drink it dubious.

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|66}}|
And verily in cattle (too) will ye find an instructive sign. From what is within their bodies '''between excretions and blood''', We produce, for your drink, milk, '''pure and agreeable''' to those who drink it. }}

===Corn has Seven Ears, Each with a Hundred Grains===

A corn plant generally has only one or two ears and an ear has up to 600 grains.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|261}}|
The parable of those who spend their substance in the way of Allah is that of a grain of corn: it groweth seven ears, and each ear Hath a hundred grains. }}

==Geology and Meteorology==

===The Earth is Flat===
{{Main|Flat Earth and the Quran|l1=Flat Earth and the Qur'an}}

====Facing Toward Mecca====

The Qur'an tells all Muslims to face in the direction of Mecca when they pray. However, this would only be possible on a flat Earth because it is not possible to bow down towards the direction of Mecca when you are on the opposite side of the earth. The author here presupposes a small world, local to Arabia, that is flat. Only in that world view can people everywhere face Mecca.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|149}}|
From whencesoever Thou startest forth, turn Thy face in the direction of the sacred Mosque; that is indeed the truth from the Lord. And Allah is not unmindful of what ye do.}}

====Earth is Spread Out and Flat====

The author of the Qur'an mentions to his audience that the earth is 'spread out' and layed flat like a carpet spread on the ground.

{{Quote|{{Quran|88|20}}|And at the Earth, how it is spread out?}}

The Qur'anic commentator al-Jalalayn in his Tasfir agrees with this understanding of the verse saying that most scholars at his time agree that the earth is flat and not spherical.

{{Quote|Tafsir al-Jalalayn |And the earth, how it was laid out flat?, and thus infer from this the power of God, exalted be He, and His Oneness? The commencing with the [mention of] camels is because they are closer in contact with it [the earth] than any other [animal]. As for His words sutihat, 'laid out flat', this on a literal reading suggests '''that the earth is flat, which is the opinion of most of the scholars''' of the [revealed] Law, and '''not a sphere as astronomers (ahl al-hay'a) have it''', even if this [latter] does not contradict any of the pillars of the Law.}}

====Earth is Like a Couch====

The earth is described as a couch, flat and laid out for people to lay upon.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|22}}|
Who has made the earth your couch, and the heavens your dome; and sent down rain from the heavens; and brought forth therewith Fruits for your sustenance; then set not up rivals unto Allah when ye know (the truth). }}

Ibn-Kathir in his Tafsir agrees with this interpretation that the earth is flat and comfortable like a bed.

{{Quote|Ibn-Kathir |who has made the earth as flat and comfortable as a bed and placed upon it mountains standing firm... (Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Part 1) }}

====Earth is Like a Carpet====

The earth is described like a carpet, completely flat and spread out on the ground and not rolled up for storage.

{{Quote|{{Quran|20|53}}|
He Who has, made for you '''the earth like a carpet spread out'''; has enabled you to go about therein by roads (and channels); }}

{{Quote|{{Quran|43|10}}|
He Who has, made for you '''the earth like a carpet spread out'''; has enabled you to go about therein by roads (and channels); and has sent down water from the sky." With it have We produced diverse pairs of plants each separate from the others. }}

====Earth is a Wide Plain====

The author of the Qur'an sees the earth as a wide plain or expanse. This is often likened to a flat bed, as some translators put it. Again, the author seems unaware of the curvature of the earth or the fact that it is a sphere.

{{Quote|{{Quran|78|6}}|Have We not made the earth as a wide expanse, }}

====Earth is Level====

The Qur'an describes a time in the future when mountains will be removed leaving the earth smooth and level. This description assumes the earth is already flat and level with only the mountains giving it shape. The author here appears to have no knowledge that the earth is curved and not level.

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|47}}|One Day We shall remove the mountains, and thou wilt see '''the earth as a level stretch''', and We shall gather them, all together, nor shall We leave out any one of them.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|20|105}}|They ask thee concerning the Mountains: say "My Lord will uproot them and scatter them as dust; He will '''leave them as plains smooth and level'''; Nothing crooked or curved wilt thou see in their place}}

===Earth has Seven Atmospheric Layers===
{{Main|Science and the Seven Earths}}

Some apologists believe the Qur'an describes the layers of the earth's atmosphere when it refers to the firmament and it's likeness on earth. However, scientists have determined that there are [[w:Atmosphere_of_Earth#Structure_of_the_atmosphere|five principal layers]] in the atmosphere and not seven.

{{Quote|{{Quran|65|12}}|
Allah is He Who Created '''seven''' firmaments and '''of the earth a similar number'''. Through the midst of them (all) descends His command: that ye may know that Allah has power over all things, and that Allah comprehends all things In (His) Knowledge.)" }}

===The Earth does not Rotate===

The author of the Qur'an repeats a common view of the 7th century that the earth was a fixed and un-moving object with the stars, sun, and moon revolving around it. The author appears to be unaware that the earth is rotating around its axis and moving through space around the sun.

{{Quote|{{Quran|27|61}}|
Is not He (better than your gods) Who has made the earth as '''a fixed abode''', and has placed rivers in its midst, and has placed firm mountains therein, and has set a barrier between the two seas (of salt and sweet water). Is there any ilah (god) with Allah? Nay, but most of them know not.}}

{{Quote|1=[http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2232&Itemid=83 The Command to praise Allah and send Blessings on His Messengers] Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=(Is not He Who has made the earth as a fixed abode,) meaning, '''stable and stationary, so that it does not move or convulse''', because if it were to do so, it would not be a good place for people to live on. But by His grace and mercy, He has made it smooth and calm, and it is not shaken or moved}}

===Permanent Barrier between Fresh and Salt Water===
{{Main|Meeting of Fresh and Salt Water in the Quran}}

When a fresh water river flows into the sea or ocean, there is a transition region in between. This transition region is called an [[w:estuary|estuary]] where the fresh water remains temporarily separated from the salt water. However, this separation is not absolute (thus cannot be described as a "barrier"), is not permanent, and the different salinity levels between the two bodies of water eventually homogenize. The Qur'an however erroneously says that the seperation between the two types of water is absolute and permanent.

{{Quote|{{Quran|25|53}}| It is He Who has let free the two bodies of flowing water: One palatable and sweet, and the other salt and bitter; yet has He made a barrier between them, '''a partition that is forbidden to be passed'''. }}

===Mountains Prevent Earthquakes===
{{Main|The Quran and Mountains|l1=The Qur'an and Mountains}}

Modern geology has discovered that large plates in the crust of the earth are responsible for the formation of mountains. Called [[w:Plate tectonics|Plate tectonic]] these massive plates meet and the pressure between them pushes up the crust forming mountains but also causing earthquakes and faults. the Qur'an propagates the idea that mountains are crucial in stabilizing the earth when, in fact, the earth would be much more stable and have less earthquakes if mountains did not exist.

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|15}}|
And He has set up on the earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with you; and rivers and roads; that ye may guide yourselves}}

===Mountains Cast into the Earth===

Mountains are usually formed through the movement of lithosphere plates. They were not thrown down into the earth.

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|15}}|
And He hath cast into the earth firm hills that it quake not with you, and streams and roads that ye may find a way }}

===Chest Contracts with Altitude===
{{Main|Quran Describes Altitude Sickness|l1=Qur'an Describes Altitude Sickness}}

This verse says that your chest cavity gets smaller with higher altitude when in reality the opposite is true.

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|125}}|Those whom Allah (in His plan) willeth to guide,- He openeth their breast to Islam; those whom He willeth to leave straying,- He maketh their breast close and constricted, as if they had to climb up to the skies: thus doth Allah (heap) the penalty on those who refuse to believe.}}

===Earthquakes are a Punishment from God===
{{Main|Accidents and Natural Disasters in the Muslim World}}

Some of the highest death tolls from natural disasters in the last decade were in Muslim countries. In fact, natural disasters do not differentiate between Muslim or non-Muslim nations nor are they controlled by a divine being. Earth quakes are extremely common along tectonic fault lines and are not a punishment for human behavior but the byproduct of natural forces. The Qur'anic author perpetuates an unscientific understanding of his phenomena in there verses.

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|45}}|
Do then those who devise evil (plots) feel secure that Allah will not cause the earth to swallow them up, or that the Wrath will not seize them from directions they little perceive?}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|29|37}}|
But they denied him, and the dreadful earthquake took them, and morning found them prostrate in their dwelling place. }}

===Hurricanes and Blizzards are a Punishment from God===
{{Main|Accidents and Natural Disasters in the Muslim World}}

Two of the deadliest blizzards in history happened in Muslim countries. However, the Qur'an regards those natural disasters as violent punishment from God. Weather patterns follow predictable patterns and are not controlled by a divine being.

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|68}}|
Do ye then feel secure that He will not cause you to be swallowed up beneath the earth when ye are on land, or that He will not send against you a violent tornado (with showers of stones) so that ye shall find no one to carry out your affairs for you}}

===Rainwater is Pure===

The Qur'an says rainwater is pure, though in some industrial areas rainwater can contain significant amounts of pollution and acidity. Called [[w:Acid Rain|acid rain]] this type of rain causes harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and buildings.

{{Quote|{{Quran|25|48}}|
And He it is Who sends the winds as good news before His mercy; and We send down pure water from the cloud, }}

===No Evaporation in Water Cycle===
{{Main|Responses_to_Zakir_Naik#Water_Cycle_in_the_Qur.27an|l1=Water Cycle in the Qur'an}}

Every verse about rain in the Qur'an implies that rain comes either directly from the sky or from Allah. However evaporation of water into the air is conspicuously never mentioned.

{{Quote|{{Quran|43|11}}|
That sends down (from time to time) rain from the sky in due measure;- and We raise to life therewith a land that is dead; even so will ye be raised (from the dead)}}

===Hail Comes from Mountains in the Sky===

Hail forms in cumulonimbus clouds when super-cooled water droplets freeze. However, the Qur'an mistakenly ascribed the formation of hail to invisible mountains in the sky.

{{Quote|{{Quran|24|43}}|
Seest thou not that Allah makes the clouds move gently, then joins them together, then makes them into a heap? - then wilt thou see rain issue forth from their midst. And '''He sends down from the sky mountain masses (of clouds) wherein is hail'''. He strikes therewith whom He pleases and He turns it away from whom He pleases, the vivid flash of His lightning well-nigh blinds the sight. }}

===Thunder is an Angel===

The Qur'anic author was superstitious about thunder and imagined this natural phenomena as an angel.

{{Quote|{{Quran|13|13}}|
And the thunder declares His glory with His praise, and the angels too for awe of Him; and He sends the thunderbolts and smites with them whom He pleases, yet they dispute concerning Allah, and He is mighty in prowess.}}

Muslim sources, which explain this verse clearly, indicate that the author of the Qur'an believed that thunder was not an impersonal natural phenomenon, but an angel:

{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=2&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=13&tAyahNo=13&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Tafsir Ibn-Abbas]|2=(The thunder hymneth His praise) by His command; '''it is an angel'''; it is also said: it is the voice of the sky (and (so do) the angels) and also the angels hymn His praise (for awe of Him) the angels have awe towards Allah. (He launcheth the thunder bolts) i.e. fire (and smiteth with them whom He will) He destroys by means of fire whoever He will, referring here to Zayd Ibn Qays whom Allah destroyed by fire, along with his friend ‘Amir Ibn al-Tufayl who was killed as a result of being stabbed in his waist (while they dispute (in doubt) concerning Allah) while they dispute with Muhammad (pbuh) concerning the Religion of Allah, (and He is mighty in wrath) His chastisement is severe }}

==Zoology==

===Bees Eat Fruit===

Bees feed on nectar and pollen. However, the Qur'an relates that bees consume fruit.

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|68-69}}|
And thy Lord taught the Bee to build its cells in hills, on trees, and in (men's) habitations; '''Then to eat of all the fruits (of the earth)''', and find with skill the spacious paths of its Lord: there issues from within their bodies a drink of varying colors, wherein is healing for men: verily in this is a Sign for those who give thought. }}

===Ants Recognize Humans and Speak with Each Other===

Ants typically communicate with each other using pheromone which are a chemical signal. While scientists have also discovered that ants make some noises, nothing has ever indicated that the brains of ants could produce such complex communication as is depicted in the Quranic story of Solomon and the ants. However, the Qur'an tells us that not only does an ant warn her fellow ants of the approach of a large army of humans, but it recognizes one of the humans as Solomon. Then, he also understands her speech. How an ant could even see that far or have known the identify of Solomon is never explained. This account of a talking ant is clearly a legend and not scientific.

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|27|18|19}}|
At length, when they came to a (lowly) valley of ants, '''one of the ants said: "O ye ants, get into your habitations, lest Solomon and his hosts crush you (under foot) without knowing it." So he smiled, amused at her speech;''' and he said: "O my Lord! so order me that I may be grateful for Thy favours, which thou hast bestowed on me and on my parents, and that I may work the righteousness that will please Thee: And admit me, by Thy Grace, to the ranks of Thy righteous Servants." }}

===Horses Created as Transportation===

It took thousands of years of domestication and cross-breeding before horses were domesticated approximately 4,000 years ago in East Europe and Central Asia. Prior to this, horses were wild animals though the Qur'an neglects to mention this important fact. Even today [[w:Feral horse|feral horses]] are descendants of once domesticated horses that aren't tamed or used for human transportation.

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|8}}|
And (He has created) horses, mules, and donkeys, for you to ride and use for show; and He has created (other) things of which ye have no knowledge.}}

===Bird Flight is a Miracle===

Today, engineers and scientists are well aware of the aerodynamic properties of a bird's wing. It functions by creating a difference in the air pressure between the lower and upper part of the wing and this creates lift that pushes the bird upward. The wings of birds evolved over millions of years to acquire this feature. The author of the Qur'an, however, is unaware of these scientific details and says that 'nothing' holds up the bird except the miraculous power of Allah.

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|79}}|
Do they not look at the birds, held poised in the midst of (the air and) the sky? Nothing holds them up but (the power of) Allah. Verily in this are signs for those who believe}}

===Classification of Creatures===

The Qur'an observes that creatures of the desert move using their bellies (snake) or two legs (human) or four legs (cows, goats, etc.). However, the author fails to include insects such as millipedes that have a thousand legs.

{{Quote|{{Quran|24|45}}|
And Allah has created '''every''' animal from water: of them there are some that creep on their bellies; some that walk on two legs; and some that walk on four. Allah creates what He wills for verily Allah has power over all things. }}

===Only Eight Types of Cattle===

While the Qur'an states that there are eight kinds of cattle, In fact there are more than a dozen kinds of cattle. The word "cattle" in 39:6 is [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume8/00000289.pdf al-ana'ami], meaning pasturing (i.e. grazing) animals. The word [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume3/00000432.pdf azwajin] ("kinds" in the translation of 39:6 below) generally means mate or member of a pair. {{Quran|6|143-144}} clarifies that these refer to male and female pairs of sheep, goats, oxes and camels. This neglects other types of cattle from the regions outside of Arabia such as reindeer, which are important to people in northern latitudes.

{{Quote|{{Quran|39|6}}|
He created you from one being, then from that (being) He made its mate; and He hath provided for you of '''cattle eight kinds'''. He created you in the wombs of your mothers, creation after creation, in a threefold gloom. Such is Allah, your Lord. His is the Sovereignty. There is no Allah save Him. How then are ye turned away}}

===Birth Defects and Imperfections===

The author of the Qur'an states that there are no flaws in anything. The author fails to mention the numerous defects and imperfections in all species.

{{Quote|{{Quran|67|3}}|
Who hath created seven heavens in harmony. Thou (Muhammad) canst see no fault in the Beneficent One's creation; then look again: Canst thou see any flaw?}}

===Poisonous Sea Life is Edible===

A number of sea creatures are deadly and fatal to humans if consumed. This includes the [[w:puffer fish|puffer fish]], [[w:poison dart frog|poison dart frong]], marbled cone snail, [[w:blue ringed octopus|blue ringed octopus]] and [[w:stonefish|stonefish]]. The Qur'an, however, makes no prohibition against eating these types of animals even though it goes into lengthy detail forbidding the consumption of pigs, which are safe for humans to eat.

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|96}}|
Lawful to you is the pursuit of water-game and its use for food,- for the benefit of yourselves and those who travel; but forbidden is the pursuit of land-game;- as long as ye are in the sacred precincts or in pilgrim garb. And fear Allah, to Whom ye shall be gathered back. }}

===Birds Fight Elephants===

Birds and elephants don't fight each other. In fact, African elephants and birds have a symbiotic relationship where the birds eat bugs and lice off of elephants [http://www.elephant-facts.co.uk/relationship-between-african-elephants-and-birds/]. The Qur'an here depicts a fanciful story of birds being directed to attack elephants and their riders during a battle.

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|105|1|3}}|
Sees thou not how Allah dealt with the companions of the elephants? Did He not make their plan into misguidance? And he sent against them flights of birds. }}

===Sinful Animals===

According to the Qur'an, all animals will be judged for their sins. This despite the fact that animals are not as self-aware as humans and operate almost exclusively on instinct.

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|38}}|
There is not an animal (that lives) on the earth, nor a being that flies on its wings, but (forms part of) communities like you. Nothing have we omitted from the Book, and they (all) shall be gathered to their Lord in the end. }}

==History==

===Wall of Iron between Two Mountains===
{{Main|Dhul-Qarnayn}}

The author of the Qur'an repeats the Syrian legend of Alexander the Great as a great king who helps a tribe of people build a massive wall of iron between two mountains. Even with satellites and near universal exploration of the world, no archaeologist has ever found even a trace of such a massive structure.

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|18|96|97}}|
"Bring me blocks of iron." At length, when he had '''filled up the space between the two steep mountain-sides''', He said, "Blow (with your bellows)" Then, when he had made it (red) as fire, he said: "Bring me, that I may pour over it, molten lead." Thus were they made powerless to scale it or to dig through it.
}}

===Christians Worship Mary as Part of the Trinity===

Christians have never worshiped Mary as part of the Trinity. The author of the Qur'an seems to be mistaken in his understanding of the doctrine of the Trinity and the theology of Christians throughout history.

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|116}}|
And behold! Allah will say: "O Jesus the son of Mary! Didst thou say unto men, worship me and my mother as gods in derogation of Allah'?" He will say: "Glory to Thee! never could I say what I had no right (to say). Had I said such a thing, thou wouldst indeed have known it. Thou knowest what is in my heart, Thou I know not what is in Thine. For Thou knowest in full all that is hidden}}

===Mary Confused with Miriam ===

Each of the following verses narrates the story of Jesus's birth. But Mary the mother of Jesus was born in the first century BCE and is not related to Moses and his family that existed 1500 years before. Miriam, not Mary, was the sister of Moses and Aaron and daughter of Amram (Imran).

{{Quote|{{Quran|19|27-28}}|At length she brought the (babe) to her people, carrying him (in her arms). They said: "O Mary! truly an amazing thing hast thou brought! '''O sister of Aaron!''' Thy father was not a man of evil, nor thy mother a woman unchaste!" }}

{{Quote|{{Quran|66|12}}|And '''Mary, the daughter of 'Imran''', who guarded her chastity; and We breathed into (her body) of Our spirit; }}

Hence the claim that Mary's mother is the wife of Imran is also false.
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|35-36}}| Behold! '''a woman of 'Imran''' said: "O my Lord! I do dedicate unto Thee what is in my womb for Thy special service: So accept this of me: For Thou hearest and knowest all things." When she was delivered, she said: "O my Lord! Behold! I am delivered of a female child!"- and Allah knew best what she brought forth- "And no wise is the male Like the female. I have named her Mary, and I commend her and her offspring to Thy protection from the Evil One, the Rejected." }}

The fact that two different people are given the exact same name despite supposedly living over 1000 years apart in communities which spoke completely different languages (ancient paleo-hebrew and then syriac-aramiac), with different alphabets, also casts serious doubt on the precise historicity of the Qu'ranic account.

===Coat of Mail was Invented during the Reign of David===

There is no evidence that Coats of mail existed during the time of David (10th century BCE). The earliest example of a coat of mail was Celtic.<ref>Rusu, M., "Das Keltische Fürstengrab von Ciumeşti in Rumänien", Germania 50, 1969, pp. 267–269</ref> Its invention is commonly credited to the Celts.<ref name="books.google.com">[http://books.google.com/books?id=HscIwvtkq2UC&pg=PA79&dq=laminar+armor&hl=en&ei=nOMGTqrNNfGv0AGWpbi6Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=laminar%20armor&f=true ''The ancient world'', Richard A. Gabriel, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007 P.79]</ref>

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|34|10|11}}| And assuredly We gave David grace from Us, (saying): O ye hills and birds, echo his psalms of praise! And We made the iron supple unto him, Saying: Make thou long coats of mail and measure the links (thereof). And do ye right. Lo! I am Seer of what ye do. }}

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|21|79|80}}| It was Our power that made the hills and the birds celebrate Our praises, with David: it was We Who did (all these things). It was We Who taught him the making of coats of mail for your benefit, to guard you from each other's violence: will ye then be grateful? }}

===Noah's Ark holds Every Species===

The legend of Noah and the Ark states that two of each kind of animal was placed on an ark. However, there are over a hundred thousand species of animals including penguins, polar bears, koala bears, and kangaroos that live spread across the entire planet and in different climates and requiring specialized diets. There is no way such an event could have occurred.

{{Quote|{{Quran|11|40}}|
At length, behold! there came Our command, and the fountains of the earth gushed forth! We said: "Embark therein, of each kind two, male and female, and your family - except those against whom the word has already gone forth,- and the Believers." but only a few believed with him. }}

===Pharaoh or Pharaohs===

Geographically, the Coptic land of Egypt was adjacent to Arabia. Thus, most Arabs were aware of the preservation method applied by the ancient Egyptian to their Pharaohs. There were so many Pharaohs ranging from numerous dynasties, many of them were preserved intact. But the Qur'an merely narrated one Pharaoh that was preserved.

{{Quote|{{Quran|10|92}}|
This day shall We save thee in the body, that thou mayest be a sign to those who come after thee! but verily, many among mankind are heedless of Our Signs!" }}

===Jews call Ezra the Son of God===

Historically, Judaism has been a strict form of monotheism. But the author of the Qur'an accuses Jews of polytheism by stating that they call Uzair (Ezra) the son of God in the same way that Christians see Jesus as the son of God. The author of the Qur'an seems to be unaware of the different theological implications of these two terms between Judaism and Christianity.

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|30}}|
The Jews call 'Uzair a son of Allah, and the Christians call Christ the son of Allah. That is a saying from their mouth; (in this) they but imitate what the unbelievers of old used to say. Allah's curse be on them: how they are deluded away from the Truth! }}

===Supernatural Destruction of Cities===

The Qur'an author thought that outside the vicinity of Arabia there were cities and tribes destroyed by Allah. He acquired this information through hearsay from Arabian folklore as well as other legends. Those cities and tribes probably were destroyed by natural disasters, famine, wars, migration or neglect.

{{Quote|{{Quran|40|82}}|
Do they not travel through the earth and see what was the End of those before them? They were more numerous than these and superior in strength and in the traces (they have left) in the land: Yet all that they accomplished was of no profit to them. }}

===Humans can Sleep for Three Hundred Years===

The oldest verified human life has been a little over 120 years. Humans cannot live without food and water for more than a few days. However, the Qur'an incorporated a myth from the 5th century legends of the [[Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in the Quran|Seven Sleepers of Ephesus]] who sleep in a cave for over 300 years and then miraculously awaken in perfect health. There is no historical evidence that this ever happened or could even been scientifically possible.

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|11}}|
Then We sealed up their hearing in the Cave for a number of years. }}

===Humans can Live for a Thousand Years===

The oldest verified human life has been a little over 120 years. Based on fossil records and testing on human remains, anthropologists have concluded that human life spans are increasing, not decreasing. Nevertheless, the Qur'an claims that Noah lived for almost 1,000 years.

{{Quote|{{Quran|29|14}}|
We (once) sent Noah to his people, and he tarried among them '''a thousand years less fifty''': but the Deluge overwhelmed them while they (persisted in) sin. }}

===Non-Existent Mosque in Jerusalem===

Muslims claim that Al-Aqsa mosque is mentioned in the Qur'an as the furthest mosque, even though there was obviously no mosque in Jerusalem during Muhammad's time.

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|1}}|
Glory to (Allah) Who did take His servant for a Journey by night from the Sacred Mosque to the farthest Mosque, whose precincts We did bless,- in order that We might show him some of Our Signs: for He is the One Who heareth and seeth (all things). }}

==Sociology==

===Fasting and Prayer Requirements at the Poles===
{{Main|The Ramadan Pole Paradox}}

The author of the Qur'an was apparently unfamiliar with the polar regions in which there are six months of sunlight and six months of perpetual night during winter and summer. The Qur'an claims that Muslims should fast from sunrise till sunset, however this is arguably not observable by anyone living in the polar regions.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|187}}|
...then complete your fast Till the night appears;...}}

A similar issue exists for the five daily prayers. Anyone living in the polar region would not be able to make a sunset or sunrise prayer all year round. Even for cities further south like Aberdeen in Scotland, the gap between the night prayer (Isha) and the dawn prayer (Fajr) is around 4 and a half hours in June, so anyone following these rules has to interupt their sleep around 3.20am, then go back to sleep before getting up for the day. Such issues would not have crossed the mind of a 7th century man in Arabia, who believed that everyone experiences sunrise and sunset when he does, and where it would be perfectly natural to arise at dawn any time of the year.

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|78}}|
Establish regular prayers - at the sun's decline till the darkness of the night, and the morning prayer and reading: for the prayer and reading in the morning carry their testimony.}}

===People are Protected in Mecca===
{{Main|Hajj}}

The Qur'an claims Allah has made Mecca and the Ka'aba a place of safety. However, historically it has been attacked and seen battles numerous times. Juhayman al-Otaybi, Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr, and Abu Tahir al-Janabi killed thousands of Muslim pilgrims in Mecca. Moreover, Yazid Bin Muawiya sent an army battalion to attack Mecca and desecrated the Ka'aba. The universal safety of people in Mecca has no historical evidence supporting it.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|125}}|
Remember We made the House a place of assembly for men and '''a place of safety'''; and take ye the station of Abraham as a place of prayer; and We covenanted with Abraham and Isma'il, that they should sanctify My House for those who compass it round, or use it as a retreat, or bow, or prostrate themselves (therein in prayer). }}

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|97}}|
Allah made '''the Ka'ba, the Sacred House, an asylum of security for men''', as also the Sacred Months, the animals for offerings, and the garlands that mark them: That ye may know that Allah hath knowledge of what is in the heavens and on earth and that Allah is well acquainted with all things. }}

===All Animals Live in Communities===

Some animals such as the jaguar, leopard, and panda are well known for being solitary creatures, rarely meeting in pairs and only to mate. They do not live in communities and routinely fight each other over territory.

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|38}}|
There is not an animal (that lives) on the earth, nor a being that flies on its wings, '''but (forms part of) communities like you'''. Nothing have we omitted from the Book, and they (all) shall be gathered to their Lord in the end. }}

===Requirement to Learn in Arabic===

There are over 5,000 languages and dialects in the world, with less than 4% of the world's population being native Arabic speakers. However, it is incumbent upon Muslims to pray in Arabic, recite the Qur'an in Arabic, and understand commentaries and the traditions of Muhammad in Arabic. We are left wondering why an all-knowing being would not provide a more efficient way to send his message to all people on earth and why he does not account for the immense diversity of languages.

{{Quote|{{Quran|43|3}}|
We have made it a Qur'an in Arabic, that ye may be able to understand (and learn wisdom). }}

===Non-Muslims are Deaf, Dumb, and Blind===
{{Main|Golden Age}}

The Qur'an calls non-believers "deaf dumb and blind". However all the technology, medicine, and scientific advancements in the Muslim world are almost exclusively purchased from the non-Muslim countries. Computers, television, space travel, helicopters, media players, nuclear bombs, cameras, satellites, birth control pills, vaccinations, telephones, radios, light bulbs, microchips, games consoles, refrigerators, microwaves, plastic, aluminium, x-rays, antibiotics, heart-transplants, the internet etc., were all invented by non-Muslims.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|18}}|
Deaf, dumb, and blind, they will not return (to the path)}}

==Myths and Legendary Tales==

===Humans Transformed into Apes===

The Qur'an records a miraculous event where Sabbath breakers are transformed into apes. This account seems to be a mere legend and has no basis in scientific fact.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|65}}|
And well ye knew those amongst you who transgressed in the matter of the Sabbath: We said to them: "Be ye apes, despised and rejected." }}

=== Golden Calf Statue Moos ===

A statue of a calf was cast out of ornaments but it could moo.
{{Quote|{{Quran|20|88}}|So he brought forth for them a calf, a (mere) body, which had a mooing sound, so they said: This is your god and the god of Musa, but he forgot.}}

===Tribe Trapped Behind a Wall===
{{Main|Dhul-Qarnayn}}

The story of Dhul-Qarnayn says that a tribe is trapped behind a massive wall of Iron. According to the Qur'an, these two beast tribes concealed themselves behind this metal wall and will only be let free on the day of Judgement. Obviously, no such wall has ever been found nor is there a tribe somewhere on earth trapped behind it.

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|96}}|
Until the Gog and Magog (people) are let through (their barrier), and they swiftly swarm from every hill. }}

===Supernatural Food===
{{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}}

The Qur'an states Mary received food sent down from heaven. There have never been any scientifically verified accounts of fully cooked food falling from the sky.

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|115}}|
Jesus, son of Mary, said: O Allah, Lord of us! '''Send down for us a table spread with food from heaven, that it may be a feast for us''', for the first of us and for the last of us, and a sign from Thee. Give us sustenance, for Thou art the Best of Sustainers.}}

===A Stick Transforms into a Serpent===
{{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|107}}|
Then (Moses) threw his rod, and behold! it was a serpent, plain (for all to see)! }}

===Solomon's Army of Genies and Birds===

Throughout history, kings and emperors had commanded huge and small amount of armies. None was ever recorded to possess armies that entirely consists of birds and genies. This story in the Qur'an draws on Jewish folklore.

{{Quote|{{Quran|27|16-17}}|
And Solomon was David's heir. He said: "O ye people! We have been taught the speech of birds, and on us has been bestowed (a little) of all things: this is indeed Grace manifest (from Allah.)And before Solomon were marshalled his hosts― of Jinns and men and birds, and they were all kept in order and ranks.}}

He spoke with a [[w:Hoopoe|Hoopoe]] bird and wanted to punish it for a small error.

{{Quote|{{Quran|27|20-22}}|
And he took a muster of the Birds; and he said: "Why is it I see not the Hoopoe? Or is he among the absentees? I will certainly punish him with a severe Penalty, or execute him, unless he bring me a clear reason (for absence).}}

The Hoopoe bird was in fact busy eavesdropping on a beautiful female ruler, Queen Sheba.

{{Quote|{{Quran|27|23}}|
I found (there) a woman ruling over them and provided with every requisite; and she has a magnificent throne.}}

===Jonah Performs Repentance inside a Fish===

A human could not live inside a fish and pray.

{{Quote|{{Quran|37|142}}|
Then the big Fish did swallow him, and he had done acts worthy of blame. Had it not been that he (repented and) glorified Allah,He would certainly have remained inside the Fish till the Day of Resurrection.But We cast him forth, on the naked shore in a state of sickness}}

===Muhammad Flies on a Winged Horse to Heaven===
{{Main|Buraq}}

It took one week to travel from Mecca to the Farthest Mosque by camel. But the Qur'an reveals that a magical winged horse, called the Buraq, traveled a similar distance in a matter of minutes. No such creature has ever been shown to be real and it seems to only exist in legend and mythology.

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|1}}|
Glory to (Allah) Who did take His servant for a Journey by night from the Sacred Mosque to the farthest Mosque, whose precincts We did bless,- in order that We might show him some of Our Signs: for He is the One Who heareth and seeth (all things). }}

===Body Parts Speak===

The limbs and organs of a human are controlled by the brain that conveys electrical signal through the nervous system. But the Qur'an believes that the limbs can talk and testify against the person, even though they would have no voice, memory or mind of their own.

{{Quote|{{Quran|24|24}}|
On the Day when their tongues, their hands, and their feet will bear witness against them as to their actions. }}

===The Ocean Split in Half===

Moses and the Israelites crossed an ocean that was split into two halves.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|50}}|
And remember '''We divided the sea for you''' and saved you and drowned Pharaoh's people within your very sight. }}

===Solomon can Control the Wind===

King Solomon had the authority to manipulate the wind at his command and could fly anywhere he wanted.

{{Quote|{{Quran|38|36}}|
Then We subjected the wind to his power, to flow gently to his order, Whithersoever he willed }}

{{Quote|Ibn-Kathir | A flying carpet made from wood, on top of which he could carry everything in his kingdom including chairs, to wherever Solomon wants to go, whilst flocks of birds would fly over to give shade }}

===A Dead Man Testified against his Killer===

Scientifically, a man who has died for a few days can never be resurrected.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|72}}|
And We said: Smite him with some of it. Thus Allah bringeth the dead to life and showeth you His portents so that ye may understand. }}

===Animals Speak to Humans===

The Qur'an states that a beast will come and tell humans the truth.

{{Quote|{{Quran|27|82}}|
And when the Word is fulfilled against them (the unjust), we shall produce from the '''earth a beast''' to (face) them: '''He will speak to them''', for that mankind did not believe with assurance in Our Signs. }}

===Mountains and Birds can Sing Songs===

{{Quote|{{Quran|34|10}}|
And assuredly We gave David grace from Us, (saying): O ye hills and birds, echo his psalms of praise! And We made the iron supple unto him}}

==Others==

===Linguistics ===

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|31}}|And He taught Adam the names - all of them. Then He showed them to the angels and said, "Inform Me of the names of these, if you are truthful."}}

The Qu'ran states that the first humans "Adam and Eve" spoke to each other in some kind of advanced language in many suras, and also that God told them the names of everything. Thanks to the modern field of linguistics and the history of language we know that the type of sentences constructed in the Qu'ran would simply not have been able to be spoken by humans until over 100,000 years since the first humans evolved. The language of the first humans would be incomprehensible to us and they would not be able to express the kinds of sentences that Adam and Eve do in the Qu'ran.

===Mathematical Error in Hereditary Laws===

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|11-12}}|
4.11: Allah (thus) directs you as regards your Children's (Inheritance): to the male, a portion equal to that of two females: if only daughters, two or more, their share is two-thirds of the inheritance; if only one, her share is a half. For parents, a sixth share of the inheritance to each, if the deceased left children; if no children, and the parents are the (only) heirs, the mother has a third; if the deceased Left brothers (or sisters) the mother has a sixth. (The distribution in all cases ('s) after the payment of legacies and debts. Ye know not whether your parents or your children are nearest to you in benefit. These are settled portions ordained by Allah; and Allah is All-knowing, Al-wise.

4.12: In what your wives leave, your share is a half, if they leave no child; but if they leave a child, ye get a fourth; after payment of legacies and debts. In what ye leave, their share is a fourth, if ye leave no child; but if ye leave a child, they get an eighth; after payment of legacies and debts. If the man or woman whose inheritance is in question, has left neither ascendants nor descendants, but has left a brother or a sister, each one of the two gets a sixth; but if more than two, they share in a third; after payment of legacies and debts; so that no loss is caused (to any one). Thus is it ordained by Allah; and Allah is All-knowing, Most Forbearing. }}

* Wife: 1/8 = 3/24,
* Daughters: 2/3 = 16/24,
* Father: 1/6 = 4/24,
* Mother: 1/6 = 4/24,
* '''Total''' = 27/24=1.125

The total does not equal to 1. This error can never be reconciled in any way. [http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Contra/i001.html]

===People use the Forehead to Lie===
{{Main|Quran and the Lying Prefrontal Cerebrum|l1=Qur'an and the Lying Prefrontal Cerebrum}}

Brain wave technology has shown that electrical activity happens in the entire brain when a person is being deceitful.

{{Quote|{{Quran|96|15-16}}|
Let him beware! If he desist not, We will drag him by the forelock. A lying, sinful forehead.}}

===Sailing of Ships is a Miracle ===

Ships float due to buoyancy and they can be driven by various sources of power.

{{Quote|{{Quran|31|31}}| Seest thou not that the ships sail through the ocean by the Grace of Allah?- that He may show you of His signs? Verily in this are signs for all who constantly persevere and give thanks. }}

{{quote | {{cite quran|42|32|end=34|style=ref}} | And among His Signs are the ships, smooth-running through the ocean, (tall) as mountains. If it be His Will He can still the Wind: then would they become motionless on the back of the (ocean). Verily in this are Signs for everyone who patiently perseveres and is grateful. Or He can cause them to perish because of the (evil) which (the men) have earned; but much doth He forgive. }}

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|66}}| Your Lord is He That maketh the Ship go smoothly for you through the sea, in order that ye may seek of his Bounty. For he is unto you most Merciful. }}

===Space Flight is Impossible ===

The first space ships and travel beyond the atmosphere of earth occurred over 60 years ago. With current technology, humankind has already explored the end of the solar system. The Qur'an however, implies that going beyond the earth is forbidden.

{{Quote|{{Quran|55|33}}|
O ye assembly of Jinns and men! If it be ye can pass beyond the zones of the heavens and the earth, pass ye! not without authority shall ye be able to pass! }}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See Also==

{{Hub4|Contradictions and Errors|Contradictions and Errors}}
* [[Scientific Errors in the Qur'an (Response)]]

[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Islam and Science]]
[[Category:Inconsistencies]]

Muhammad's Death

2016-02-06T00:56:53Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 213.205.252.89 (talk) to last revision by Damaskin

[[File:Muhammad on deathbed.jpg|thumb|330px|right|An illustration of Muhammad on his deathbed. Taken from the book Jami' al-Tawarikh (also known as The Universal History or History of the World), by Rashid al-Din, published in Tabriz, Persia, 1307 A.D. Now at the Edinburgh University Library, Scotland. (''[[Images:The Koran and the life of the prophet Mohammed|more pictures of Muhammad]]'')]]
This article discusses the [[Muhammad's Death|death]] of Prophet [[Muhammad]] in 632 AD and the circumstances surrounding it.

==Death==

===Poisoned by a Jewess===

Muhammad was poisoned by a Jewish woman, following the conquest of Khaibar, where he took [[Safiyah]] as a wife, and ordered the torture and beheading of her husband [[Kinana]], the chief of the Jews at Khaibar.

{{Quote| {{Bukhari|3|47|786}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik:

A Jewess brought a poisoned (cooked) sheep for the Prophet who ate from it. She was brought to the Prophet and he was asked, "Shall we kill her?" He said, "No." I continued to see the effect of the poison on the palate of the mouth of Allah's Apostle .}}

{{Quote| {{Bukhari|5|59|713}}|....Narrated 'Aisha: The Prophet in his ailment in which he died, used to say, "O 'Aisha! I still feel the pain caused by the food I ate at Khaibar, and at this time, I feel as if my aorta is being cut from that poison."}}

The reason behind her action was the killing of her people and family by Muhammad.

{{Quote|Ibn Sa'd p. 252|The apostle of Allah sent for Zaynab and said to her, "What induced you to do what you have done?" She replied, "You have done to my people what you have done. You have killed my father, my uncle and my husband, so I said to myself, "If you are a prophet, the foreleg will inform you; and others have said, "If you are a king we will get rid of you."}}

It was no secret among the wives, that [[Aisha]] was Muhammad's favorite, and he made this clear as death approached.

{{Quote| {{Bukhari|7|62|144}}|Narrated 'Aisha:

that during his fatal ailment, Allah's Apostle, used to ask his wives, "Where shall I stay tomorrow? Where shall I stay tomorrow?" He was looking forward to Aisha's turn. So all his wives allowed him to stay where he wished....}}

{{Quote| {{Bukhari|1|11|634}}|....He came out with the help of two men and his legs were dragging on the ground. He was between Al-Abbas and another man [Ali Ibn Abi Talib]."....}}

===Died in the Arms of Aisha===

Even from his death-bed, Muhammad was issuing orders and cursing [[Islam and the People of the Book|Christians and Jews]].

{{Quote| {{Bukhari|5|59|716}}|....Then he [Muhammad] ordered them to do three things. He said, "Turn the pagans out of the 'Arabian Peninsula; respect and give gifts to the foreign delegations as you have seen me dealing with them." (Said bin Jubair, the sub-narrator said that Ibn Abbas kept quiet as rewards the third order, or he said, "I forgot it.")}}

{{Quote| {{Bukhari|4|56|660}}|Narrated 'Aisha and Ibn 'Abbas:

On his death-bed Allah's Apostle put a sheet over his-face and when he felt hot, he would remove it from his face. When in that state (of putting and removing the sheet) he said, "May Allah's Curse be on the Jews and the Christians for they build places of worship at the graves of their prophets." (By that) he intended to warn (the Muslim) from what they (i.e. Jews and Christians) had done.}}

On the 8th of June, 632 AD Aisha watched Muhammad finally die, slumped on her bosom.

{{Quote| {{Bukhari|5|59|730}}|Narrated Aisha:....In front of him there was a jug or a tin, (The sub-narrator, 'Umar is in doubt as to which was right) containing water. He started dipping his hand in the water and rubbing his face with it, he said, "None has the right to be worshipped except Allah. Death has its agonies." He then lifted his hands (towards the sky) and started saying, "With the highest companion," till he expired and his hand dropped down.}}

{{Quote| {{Bukhari|7|62|144}}|....'Aisha added: He died on the day of my usual turn at my house. Allah took him unto Him while his head was between my chest and my neck and his saliva was mixed with my saliva.}}

==Funeral==

===Preparation===

[[w:Ali|Ali ibn Abi Ṭalib]], the fourth Rightly-guided [[Caliph]] of [[Islam]] (and also Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin) and some others took charge of washing Muhammad, but unlike others, he was washed with his cloths remaining on his body.

{{Quote|{{Abudawud|20|3135}}|Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin:

By Allah, we did not know whether we should take off the clothes of the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) as we took off the clothes of our dead, or wash him while his clothes were on him. When they (the people) differed among themselves, Allah cast slumber over them until every one of them had put his chin on his chest.

Then a speaker spoke from a side of the house, and they did not know who he was: Wash the Prophet (peace be upon him) while his clothes are on him. So they stood round the Prophet (peace be upon him) and washed him while he had his shirt on him. They poured water on his shirt, and rubbed him with his shirt and not with their hands...}}

Ibn Hisham observed, “The apostle’s body did not present the appearance of an ordinary corpse.” (pg. 688) Aisha also noted that If she had known beforehand what she found out later, "none would have washed him except his wives".

{{Quote|{{Abudawud|20|3135}}|Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin:

[...]Aisha used to say: If I had known beforehand about my affair what I found out later, none would have washed him except his wives.}}

[[w:Abu'l-Fida|Abu al-Fida]] (1273 – 1331 AD) was a Muslim geographer and historian. He relates that Muhammad suffered from a [[Priapism - Permanent Erection#Death Erection|death erection]]. From Edward Gibbon's "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire":

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://web.archive.org/web/20070417133412/http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/HTML.php?recordID=0214.09|2=2011-10-31}} Edward Gibbon's "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" Vol. 9 - Footnote 175]|2=Sibi robur ad generationem, quantum triginta viri habent, inesse jactaret; ita ut unicâ horâ posset undecim feminis satisfacere, ut ex Arabum libris refert Stus Petrus Paschasius, c. 2 (Maracci, Prodromus Alcoran, p. iv. p. 55. See likewise Observations de Belon, l. iii. c. 10, fol. 179, recto). Al Jannabi (Gagmer, tom. iii. p. 487) records his own testimony that he surpassed all men in conjugal vigour; and Abulfeda mentions the exclamation of Ali, who washed his body after his death, “O propheta, certe penis tuus cælum versus erectus est” (in Vit. Mohammed. p. 140).}}

In English, Ali had exclaimed, "''O prophet, thy penis is erect unto the sky!''"

Tabari does not mention Muhammad's erection, but does note that [[W:Umar|Umar ibn al-Khattab]], the second Rightly-guided Caliph of Islam, initially refused to believe Muhammad had died.

{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 184}}|When the Messenger of God died, 'Umar b. al-Khattab stood up saying, "Some of the hypocrites allege that the Messenger of God is dead. By God, he is not dead, ...}}

===The Burial===

Once cleaned, they covered him with triple shrouds.

{{Quote|{{Abudawud|20|3147}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:

The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) was shrouded in three garments made in Najran: two garments and one shirt in which he died.}}

Finally, after a delay, he was buried quietly in the house in which he died, near the Mosque of the Prophet in [[Medina]].

==See Also==

*[[Muhammad's Death]] ''- A hub page that leads to other articles related to Muhammad's Death''

{{Translation-links-english|[[Обстоятелствата около смъртта на Мухаммад|Bulgarian]]}}

==External Links==

* [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.answering-islam.org/Silas/mo-death.htm|2=2011-10-31}} The Death of Muhammad]'' - [[Answering Islam]]''
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HiMgW9yd7w Was Muhammad poisoned by his two wives Aisha and Hafza?] ''- Shi'ite viewpoint from Shaykh Yasser Al-Habib''

[[Category:Muhammad]][[Category:Muhammad and Aisha]]
[[bg:Обстоятелствата около смъртта на Мухаммад]]
[[ru:Обстоятельства окружающие смерть Мухаммеда]]

Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in the Quran

2016-02-05T11:29:42Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 112.208.117.139 (talk) to last revision by Axius

<metadesc>Syrian legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in the Qur'an</metadesc>
[[File:Seven sleepers.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Folio from an illustrated Islamic manuscript depicting the Seven Sleepers and the evil emperor led by a [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Racism|dark-skinned Satan]]. Iran, Qazvin. 1550s.]]

This article discusses the [[Qur'an|Qur'anic]] story of the "[[Companions of the Cave]]" and its relation to a 5th century [[Syria|Syrian]] [[legends|legend]] called the "Seven Sleepers of Ephesus".

==Introduction==

The story of the companions of the cave is found in the 18th [[surah]] of the Qur'an, [[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Kahf (The Cave)|al-Kahf]] (the Cave), for which the surah is named. It relates the tale of a young group of believers, who fall into a supernatural sleep in a cave, only to awaken hundreds of years later. This story mimics a story found in the Syriac homily by a Christian bishop named Jacob of Serugh (521 CE).<ref name="Reynolds">Reynolds, Gabriel Said. "Seven Sleepers" in [http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC&pg=PA720 Medieval Islamic Civilization], ed Josef W. Meri, Routledge, 2004, p. 720, ISBN 9780415966900 </ref> His story tells of seven young Christians in Ephesus (an ancient Greek city now situated in modern-day [[Turkey]]), who hide from an evil emperor in a cave, fall into a supernatural sleep for hundreds of years, and awaken to find that their home town has been converted to Christianity.<ref name="Gold">Jacobus de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, 1275 First Edition Published 1470. "Seven Sleepers" in [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume4.asp The Golden Legend: Volume IV] ([http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fbasis%2Fgoldenlegend%2FGoldenLegend-Volume4.asp&date=2013-12-04 archived]).</ref>

===Legends in the Qur'an===

It is well known that the Qur'an contains many stories that were first told in Jewish and Christian communities around the [[Middle East]]. This includes [[Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures|apocryphal and legendary tales]] that originated in Syria between the 2nd and early 7th century CE. One of the most widespread of these stories was the legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus. Popular in both [[Europe]] and the Middle East during medieval times, this story was translated into Latin and found its way into many Christian works of that era. It also became very prominent in the Muslim world because of its inclusion in the Qur'an. After the Renaissance and Enlightenment of the 16th century, this story fell out of favor and was largely dismissed as mythical. Since the tale is not found in the Bible, it was also rejected by the majority of the world's Christian churches without any theological consequence. The feast day for the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus is no longer observed by the Roman Catholic Church (it is now referred to within the church as a "purely imaginative romance"), and the story today is virtually unknown among the Protestant churches.

===Oral Tradition===

While it is impossible to know the exact details of how Prophet [[Muhammad]] came to know the story of the Seven Sleepers, we do know that he had ample opportunities during his 62 year life. Muhammad traveled to Syria while he was a caravan trader and he may have heard the story there. Visitors to Mecca would have included Syrian Christians, who would have known this popular story as well. Muhammad's followers also could have related this story after contact with Christian communities near the Mediterranean and in Arabia. In short, there were numerous ways in which this story could have be told to the author of the Qur'an during his lifetime.

== Parallels to the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus==

There are a number of clear parallels between the Qur'anic story and the legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus. Those are detailed here:

===Trouble===

Both stories begin by stating that a group of youths are in trouble. While the Qur'an gives few details on the nature of their problem, the Syriac legend tells specifically of an emperor, named Decius, who was forcing Christians to make sacrifices to the pagan gods or else face death.

{{Quote|The Seven Sleepers (par 1)|
The seven sleepers were born in the city of Ephesus. And when Decius the emperor came into Ephesus for the persecution of christian men, he commanded to edify the temples in the middle of the city, so that all should come with him to do sacrifice to the idols, and did do seek all the christian people, and bind them for to make them to do sacrifice, or else to put them to death; in such wise that every man was afeard of the pains that he promised, that the friend forsook his friend, and the son renied his father, and the father the son.<ref name="Gold"/>}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|10}}|
Behold, the youths betook themselves to the Cave: they said, "Our Lord! bestow on us Mercy from Thyself, and dispose of our affair for us in the right way!"}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|16}}|
"When ye turn away from them and the things they worship other than Allah, betake yourselves to the Cave: Your Lord will shower His mercies on you and disposes of your affair towards comfort and ease."}}

===Inscription at the Cave===

In the Qur'anic account, the author asks if the reader has reflected on the companions of the cave and their inscription. The inclusion of the word "inscription" is an important detail connecting the story of the Qur'an with the story of the Seven Sleepers. In the Syriac legend, we have a more detailed narrative that states that the story of the youth's martyrdom was written and laid near the entrance of the cave.

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|9}}|
Or dost thou reflect that the Companions of the Cave and of the '''Inscription''' [ar-Raqim] were wonders among Our Sign?}}

{{Quote|The Seven Sleepers (par 2)|
Then Decius thought what he should do with them, and, as our Lord would, he enclosed the mouth of the cave wherein they were with stones, to the end that they should die therein for hunger and fault of meat. Then the ministers and two christian men, Theodorus and Rufinus, '''wrote their martyrdom and laid it subtlely among the stones'''.}}

While the Qur'an does not mention the inscription again, it plays an important role in the Syriac story. The people who discover the sleepers use the inscriptions to verify the truthfulness of the seven men's story. This helps make sense of why the author of the Qur'an would mention this detail as part of what the reader should "reflect" upon.

{{Quote|The Seven Sleepers (par 3)|
And Malchus entered first into the cave to his fellows, and the bishop next after him. And there '''found they among the stones the letters sealed with two seals of silver'''. And then the bishop called them that were come thither, and read them tofore them all, so that they that heard it were all abashed and amarvelled.}}

Among early Qur'anic commentators, there seems to be quite a bit of disagreement on the exact nature of the word "ar-Raqim" which is translated as "inscription" by all the major English translators. Sa'id bin Jubayr, who is held in the highest esteem by scholars of the [[Shiite|Shi'ite]] and [[Sunni]] Islamic traditions, has his opinion recorded In Ibn Kathir's classic [[Tafsir]]. Ibn Kathir relates that Sa'id bin Jubayr said that the "ar-Raqim" was indeed an inscription placed at the entrance of the cave. This confirms the direct connection to the Syrian legend.

{{Quote|Ibn Kathir, "The Story of the People of Al-Kahf"|
With regard to the word '''Ar-Raqim''', Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas that it is a valley near Aylah. This was also said in another narration by Atiyah Al-Awfi and Qatadah. Ad-Dahhak said: "As for Al-Kahf, it is a cave in the valley, and Ar-Raqim is the name of the valley." Mujahid said, "Ar-Raqim refers to their buildings." Others said it refers to the valley in which their cave was. Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Ibn Abbas said about Ar-Raqim: "Ka`b used to say that it was the town." Ibn Jurayj reported that Ibn Abbas said, "Ar-Raqim is the mountain in which the cave was." Sa'id bin Jubayr said, "'''Ar-Raqim is a tablet of stone on which they wrote the story of the people of the Cave''', then they placed it at the entrance to the Cave."<ref name="Kathir"> Ibn Kathir, "The Story of the People of Al-Kahf" in [http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2741&Itemid=73 Quran Tafsir Ibn Kathir], accessed December 3, 2013 ([http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qtafsir.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D2741%26Itemid%3D73&date=2013-12-04 archived]).</ref>}}

===Disagreement Over Time in Cave===

In the Syrian legend, we are told that there is some doubt about the time the sleepers were in the cave. Apparently, this disagreement among Christians was still an issue in the 7th century when this story was first told to the early Muslim community. The Qur'an relates that Allah has woken the sleepers as a way to test who could calculate the length of their stay the best.

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|11}}|
Then We draw (a veil) over their ears, for a number of years, in the Cave, (so that they heard not); Then We roused them, in order '''to test which of the two parties was best at calculating the term of years''' they had tarried!}}

{{Quote|The Seven Sleepers (par 4)|
'''It is in doubt of that which is said that they slept''' three hundred and sixty-two years, for they were raised the year of our Lord four hundred and seventy-eight, and Decius reigned but one year and three months, and that was in the year of our Lord two hundred and seventy, and so they slept but two hundred and eight years.}}

===Youths===

Another important detail between the two stories is that the companions are called "youths". This was likely a literary device in the original story to show that young people were more devout and fervent in their faith than older believers. Likewise, the Qur'anic story emphasizes their age as a polemic against those stuck in the same belief as their ancestors.

{{Quote|The Seven Sleepers (par 2)|
And when they had taken their refection and sat in weeping and wailings, suddenly, as God would, they slept, and when it came on the morn they were sought and could not be found. Wherefore Decius was sorrowful because he had lost such '''young men'''.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|13}}|
We relate to thee their story in truth: '''they were youths''' who believed in their Lord, and We advanced them in guidance: We gave strength to their hearts: Behold, they stood up and said: "Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and of the earth: never shall we call upon any god other than Him: if we did, we should indeed have uttered an enormity!}}

===Perception of Time===

Even though the young men sleep in the cave for hundreds of years, they think they have only slept just a day.

{{Quote|The Seven Sleepers (par 3)|
And then these holy saints, that were within, awoke and were raised and intersalued each other, and had '''supposed verily that they had slept but one night only''', and remembered of the heaviness that they had the day tofore.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|19}}|
And in like manner We awakened them that they might question one another. A speaker from among them said: How long have ye tarried? They said: '''We have tarried a day or some part of a day''', (Others) said: Your Lord best knoweth what ye have tarried. ...}}

===Money for Bread===

Another similarity between the two stories is that both state that one of the companions goes to the city to buy bread with coins. The Syriac legend states that the name of the person who buys bread is Malchus.

{{Quote|The Seven Sleepers (par 3)|
He commanded to Malchus to go and buy bread in the city, and bade him bring more than he did yesterday, and also to enquire and demand what the emperor had commanded to do. And then Malchus took '''five shillings''', and issued out of the cave, and when he saw the masons and the stones tofore the cave, he began to bless him, and was much amarvelled.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|19}}|
... Now send one of you with this '''your silver coin''' unto the city, and let him see what food is purest there and bring you a supply thereof. Let him be courteous and let no man know of you.}}

===Fear of Capture===

While attempting to buy bread in town, Malchus is detained by town folk who are amazed that he has an ancient coin in his possession. He is fearful that the emperor and the town folk are pagans who will punish him. In the Qur'anic story, a companion warns the other to avoid capture out of fear that he will be forced back into polytheism.

{{Quote|The Seven Sleepers (par 3)|
And when Malchus saw them talk together, he doubted not that they would lead him to the emperor, and was sore afraid, and prayed them to let him go, and keep both money and bread, but they held him, and said to him: Of whence art thou? For thou hast found treasure of old emperors, show it to us, and we shall be fellows with thee and keep it secret.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|20}}|
"For if they should come upon you, they would stone you or force you to return to their cult, and in that case ye would never attain prosperity."}}

===Day of Judgement===

Both the Syrian legend and the Qur'anic story state that the youth were awoken as a way to strengthen the faith of believers in the final Day of Judgement.

{{Quote|The Seven Sleepers (par 4)|
And as soon as the blessed saints of our Lord saw the emperor come, their visages shone like to the sun. And the emperor entered then, and glorified our Lord and embraced them, weeping upon each of them, and said: I see you now like as I should see our Lord raising Lazarus. And then Maximian said to him: Believe us, for forsooth our Lord hath raised us tofore the '''day of the great resurrection'''. And '''to the end that thou believe firmly the resurrection of the dead people''', verily we be raised as ye here see, and live.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|21}}|
Thus did We make their case known to the people, that they might '''know that the promise of Allah is true''', and that there can be no doubt about the '''Hour of Judgment'''. ..."}}

===Place of Worship at Cave===

The Qur'an states that a place of worship was built at the site of the cave after the events it describes. Interestingly, a church was built over the purported sight of the miracle in Ephesus. This cave was a destination for pilgrims for almost a thousand years. By the late 6th century, this church contained marble structures and a large, domed mausoleum.<ref name="hayes">{{cite web|url= http://www.sacred-destinations.com/turkey/ephesus-cave-of-the-seven-sleepers|title= Cave of the Seven Sleepers, Ephesus|publisher= Sacred-Destinations|author= Holly Hayes|date= accessed December 4, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-destinations.com%2Fturkey%2Fephesus-cave-of-the-seven-sleepers&date=2013-12-04|deadurl=no}}</ref> This information would have been known to Christians in Syria and likely passed along to the author of the Qur'an as well.

{{Quote|The Seven Sleepers|
And then he commanded to make precious sepulchres of gold and silver, and to bury their bodies therein. And in the same night they appeared to the emperor, and said to him that he should suffer them to lie on the earth like as they bad lain tofore till that time that our Lord had raised them, unto the time that they should rise again. Then commanded the emperor that the place should be adorned nobly and richly with precious stones, and all the bishops that would confess the resurrection should be assoiled.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|21}}|
... Behold, they dispute among themselves as to their affair. (Some) said, "Construct a building over them": Their Lord knows best about them: those who prevailed over their affair said, "Let us surely build a place of worship over them."}}

===Number of Sleepers===

The author of the Qur'an does not provide a definitive answer for the number of sleepers, stating the possibility that there were three, five, or seven. The Syrian legend clearly and emphatically states in the first sentence that the story is about seven sleepers.

{{Quote|The Seven Sleepers (par 1)|
The '''seven sleepers''' were born in the city of Ephesus.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|22}}|
(Some) say they were three, the dog being the fourth among them; (others) say they were five, the dog being the sixth,- doubtfully guessing at the unknown; '''(yet others) say they were seven''', the dog being the eighth. Say thou: "My Lord knoweth best their number; It is but few that know their (real case)." Enter not, therefore, into controversies concerning them, except on a matter that is clear, nor consult any of them about (the affair of) the Sleepers. }}

===Slept for Hundreds of Years===

Both accounts state that the youths slept for hundreds of years. The Qur'an stating that it was 300 years and the Syrian version stating the number was closer to 200. There is considerable variation in different versions of the Seven Sleeper legend as to the time frame that they slept. Though all of them are longer than 200 years.

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|25}}|
So they stayed in their Cave three hundred years, and (some) add nine (more).}}

{{Quote|The Seven Sleepers (par 4)|
... so they slept but two hundred and eight years. }}

The Syrian account identifies the Emperor persecuting the seven young men as Trajan Decius, who reigned from 249 - 251 CE. Since the story first originated around the middle of the 5th century (circa 450 CE) a sleep of 200 years would be the more accurate number. Given this connection, some Islamic apologists have back-peddled on the number of 300 given in the Qur'an, re-interpreting it as a number given by the people at the time and not a definitive number given by Allah.

===Summary===

It is obvious that these two accounts are telling the same story. They are virtually identical in the events they describe and both contain striking similarities in key details. Both story mention youths, a cave, a long sleep, buying bread with coins, and the Day of Judgement. Since the Syrian legend pre-dates the Qur'anic story by almost two centuries, it should be clear that the author of the Qur'an is simply retelling the Syrian story. The Qur'an even suggests in verse 18:9 that the audience is familiar with the story as they should have already "reflected" upon it.

==Differences==

While there are many similarities and they are clearly describing the same events, there are also a few key differences between the two versions.

===Vagueness of the Qur'an===

The author of the Qur'an seems to be unclear on a few details. He refuses to give an exact number of sleepers, instead giving a vague range of numbers and says that only Allah knows the right number. He is not specific on the time frame, offering a number of years but nothing definitive. He does not mention any names, fails to mention where these events took place, and does not state when this story happened. This evidence suggests that the author was only vaguely familiar with the story and may have heard it shortly before he recited it.

===Story's Purpose and Polytheism===

The purpose behind the Syrian story appears to be the affirmation of a bodily resurrection on the Day of Judgement.<ref>For instance, one of the youths states, "Believe us, for forsooth our Lord hath raised us tofore the day of the great resurrection. And to the end that thou believe firmly the resurrection of the dead people, verily we be raised as ye here see, and live." (The Seven Sleepers: par 4)</ref> While the Qur'anic story makes references to the Day of Judgement, it does not mention a resurrection. In fact, the story's stated purpose is to "warn those (also) who say, 'Allah hath begotten a son'"<ref>"''Further, that He may warn those (also) who say, "Allah hath begotten a son":''" - {{Quran|18|4}}</ref> (i.e. Trinitarian Christians). The mainstream Islamic position concerning the Christian doctrine of the Trinity is that it constitutes an act of "shirk" (the sin of practicing idolatry or polytheism) and makes one a "mushrik" (polytheist).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://islamqa.com/en/ref/12713|title= Is the trinity that the Christians believe in mentioned in Islam?|publisher= Islam Q&A|author= |series=Fatwa No. 12713|date= |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fislamqa.com%2Fen%2Fref%2F12713&date=2013-12-06|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://islamqa.com/en/ref/67626|title= The difference between the mushrikeen and the kuffaar, and to which category do the Jews and Christians belong?|publisher= Islam Q&A|author= |series=Fatwa No. 67626|date= |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fislamqa.com%2Fen%2Fref%2F67626&date=2013-12-06|deadurl=no}}</ref> So, the author of the Qur'an has taken a story written by Christians and reworked it into a polemic against Christianity.

The Syrian narrative, in its content and structure, is successful in achieving its purpose. The youths awakening to find that their home town has been converted to Christianity is a compelling ending and the mere existence of the youths provides the affirmation of a bodily resurrection. However, in the Qur'anic narrative the youths awaken to the same 'polytheists' and are only questioned by each other concerning the length of their sleep. There is no argument made for why Allah could not have begotten a son, nor an answer provided for what benefits the youths were meant to gain from their long sleep.

==Historicity==

Since it is found within the Qur'an, some Islamic [[apologists]] have tried to defend the historicity of the story.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://quransmessage.com/travelogues/seven%20sleepers%20FM3.htm|title= The Sleepers of the Cave - The Quran, Historical Sources and Observations|publisher= The Quran and its Message|author= Joseph A Islam|date= January 25, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fquransmessage.com%2Ftravelogues%2Fseven%2520sleepers%2520FM3.htm&date=2013-12-04|deadurl=no}}</ref> However, there are significant reasons to doubt its historical authenticity. Not only is it scientifically impossible for the human body to live three hundred years but there is evidence that this story may have been invented as a political and theological polemic within the Syrian Christian Church. These facts, along with connections to many pre-existing legends about sleeping heroes, strongly suggest that this story of the Seven Sleepers should be placed in the category of myth and legend.

===Science===

The longest-living person, whose dates of birth and death were verified to the modern standards of the Guinness Book of World Records and the Gerontology Research Group, was Jeanne Calment, a French woman who lived to the age of 122. The maximum recorded life span for humans has increased from just under 100 in the 18th century to 122 years in the 21st century; if we go back to the 7th century the maximum age was significantly less. Therefore, any account of humans living beyond a century should be viewed with immense skepticism. Dr. Mike Stroud, senior lecturer of Medicine and Nutrition at Southampton University in England, states that the "The average resting human body, doing absolutely nothing, produces about 100 watts of body heat, which could function a light bulb."<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17095605|title= Who, What, Why: How long can someone survive without food?|publisher= BBC News Magazine|author= Lauren Everitt, Chi Chi Izundu|date= February 20, 2012|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-17095605&date=2013-12-04|deadurl=no}}</ref> Without this heat and energy, cells will begin to decay and organs will fail. In order to maintain this energy, humans require food and water; after two months with no food and water, the human body would cease to function.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-long-can-a-person-sur|title= How long can a person survive without food?|publisher= Scientific American|author= Dr. Alan D. Lieberson|date= November 8, 2004|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3Dhow-long-can-a-person-sur&date=2013-12-04|deadurl=no}}</ref> Even in a hibernation-like sleep, a three hundred year lifespan would be impossible.

===Sleeping Hero Legends===

There is a long tradition in ancient cultures of myths about the preservation of important heroes. One such example of this folklore comes from Persia. In their legends, immortals were ancient heroes who were kept in deep sleep until the doomsday, when they wake up to assist the appointed messiah to save the world of cruelty and injustice.<ref>{{cite web|url= |title= Mythological phenomena in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh|publisher= Toos Publications|author= Mahvash Vahed Doost|date= 1989|page= 389|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> Often times these immortals were associated with the sacredness of the number seven; and many stories portrayed these saviors to be seven male figures.<ref> {{cite web|url= |title= Yashts. Ed. & Interpretation. 2nd vol.|publisher= Tehran: Asatir Publications|author= Ibrahim Pour Davood|date= 1998|page=77 |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref>

This legendary motif can be found in many Middle Eastern cultures as well, including Jewish and Christian traditions. The book of Maccabees, an apocryphal scripture that details the deeds of Jewish rebels who opposed Roman rule from 164 BCE to 63 BCE, contains the story of a pious mother and seven brothers. This family is persecuted by an evil king who forces them to eat pork. They refuse and are tortured to death rather than abandon their faith and Jewish customs. <ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Maccabees+7&version=GNT 2 Maccabees Ch 7]</ref> These seven brothers were revered as saints for many generations, spawning cults dedicated to preserving their story. However, because Jews were persecuted and not popular by the 4th century, Christian variations of this legend began to circulate, including the story of St. Felicitas and her seven sons. Dr. Albrecht Berger, professor of Byzantine Studies at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat of Munich, affirms that there is a clear connection between these variations of the Maccabean story of seven brothers and the Christian legend of the Seven Sleepers. The later being a clear adaptation of the Jewish story.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=ln5Db7iDHhMC&pg=PA117|title= Dying for the Faith, Killing for the Faith: Old-Testament Faith-Warriors (1 and 2 Maccabees) in Historical Perspective|publisher= BRILL, 2012|author= Albrecht Berger, Gabriela Signori (ed.)|date= 2012|pages=114-118|isbn=9789004211056|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref>

The tradition of sleeping heroes continued beyond the 7th century. Dozens of examples of these types of stories can be found throughout medieval literature.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/sleep.html|title= Sleeping Hero Legends|publisher= University of Pittsburgh|author= D. L. Ashliman|date= August 2, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitt.edu%2F%7Edash%2Fsleep.html&date=2013-12-04|deadurl=no}}</ref> In more modern times, the story of "Rip Van Winkle", by American author Washington Irving (1819) portrays a man who climbs up into a mountain, falls into a magical sleep for twenty years, thinks only a day has passed, returns to his town to realize he recognizes nobody, and discovers that society has dramatically changed.

===Origins of the Legend===

While the complete story of the Seven sleepers was not first written down until the 6th century, the story was known in Syria by the middle of the 5th century. It is first mentioned by Bishop Stephen of Ephesus (c. 448-451 CE) <ref>{{cite web|url= |title= Ephesus after Antiquity: A Late Antique, Byzantine and Turkish City|publisher= Cambridge University Press|author= Clive Foss|date= 1979|page= 43|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> and it is also referenced by Bishop Zachariah of Mitylene (c. 465-536 CE).<ref name="Mitylene"> {{cite web|url= http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/zachariah02.htm|title= Zachariah of Mitylene, Syriac Chronicle: Book II Chapter 1|publisher= M.A. Methuen & Co|author= F. J. Hamilton, D.D. and E. W. Books (trans.)|date= 1899|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tertullian.org%2Ffathers%2Fzachariah02.htm&date=2013-12-04|deadurl=no}}</ref> During this time period, a number of theological controversies were taking place in Syrian Christian communities.<ref>{{cite web|url= |title= The Church of the Ancient Councils|publisher= Crestwood, New York: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press|author= Peter L’Huillier|date= 1996|pages= 199-201|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= |title= The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon vol. 3|publisher= Liverpool University Press|author=Richard Price and Michael Gaddis|date= 2007|pages= 1-3|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> Among these was a debate over the nature of the resurrected body. Called the Origenist controversy, this theological disagreement began in [[Egypt]] during the late 4th century and by the middle of the 5th century had spread into Asia Minor. Origenists claimed that the resurrected body of the believer was not the same physical body they had during life. Stephen records that the bishops of his time regarded the miracle of the Seven Sleepers as a divine answer to the controversy. In his work, Zachariah of Mitylene uses the case of the Seven Sleepers as evidence toward defending the orthodox position on the resurrection:

{{Quote|Zachariah of Mitylene, Syriac Chronicle: Book II, Ch. 1|I shall set down here the truth of the resurrection, which took place in the days of Theodosius the king, of the bodies of the seven youths who were in a cave in the district of Ephesus, and the Syriac records ; both to keep them in the memory of the saints and for the glory of God, Who is able to do all things.<ref name="Mitylene"/>}}

It seems all too convenient that this miracle of physical preservation would suddenly occur right at the height of a theological controversy about the resurrection of the physical body. This should lead us to be skeptical of the historical nature of these events as it points to the story being invented solely as a polemic for one side in a theological debate.

===Grotto of the Seven Sleepers in Ephesus===

Located just outside of the ancient city of Ephesus in Turkey, the Grotto is a network of catacombs, tombs, and graves around a cave on the eastern slope of Panayirdag hill. Archaeological evidence collected in the 1920s CE has verified that some of the tombs at the site in Ephesus date back to the middle of the 5th century but it also showed that the cave was in use at least two centuries prior. Among the items collected were pottery shards with Christian symbols along with inscriptions on the walls dedicated to to the seven sleepers. Other pieces of pottery contained images of Greek and Roman gods.<ref name="Honigamann"> Ernest Honigmann, “Stephen of Ephesus and the Legend of the Seven Sleepers,” in Patristic studies (Studi e testi), Biblioteca apostolica vaticana, 1953</ref>

While this evidence confirms that people living near Ephesus associated those buried at this site with the legend of the Sleepers; it does not confirm the actual events of the story. What it does show, is that the legend began sometime in the middle of the 5th century and this site was associated with the story around that same time. Historian Ernest Honigmann points out:

{{Quote|Stephen of Ephesus and the Legend of the Seven Sleepers, p. 168|In the light of the archaeological evidence it now seems incontestable that about the middle of the fifth century seven young Ephesians really believed or tried to make others believe that they had been persecuted at the time of Decius, and that a high ecclesiastical dignitary, in a kind of enthusiastic self-deception, took their strange affirmation for granted, all the more providing him with the weapons which he needed for refuting certain heretics and making orthodoxy triumph.”<ref name="Honigamann"/>}}

Whether this story has an historical core or not is still a matter of debate. However, the evidence appears to point to a speedy acceptance of the legend based more on the desire for it to be true rather than a measured evaluation of the evidence.

===Abu Alanda in Amman Jordan===

Located near Amman Jordan, this site has alternatively been identified as the one mentioned in Surah Al Kafh. It was discovered by the Jordanian archaeologist Rafiq Wafa Ad-Dajani in 1963 CE.<ref name="amman">{{cite web|url= http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/services/histdetails.asp?id=3|title= Kahf Ahl Al-Kahf (Cave of the Cavemen)|publisher=Greater Amman Municipality|author= |date= accessed December 5, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ammancity.gov.jo%2Fen%2Fservices%2Fhistdetails.asp%3Fid%3D3&date=2013-12-05|deadurl=no}}</ref> The cave and tomb have become a tourist destination and the locals refer to it as Al-Raqim, or the cave of the inscription. However, beyond local tradition, there seems to be little that links this site to the story of the Seven Sleepers.

The location does appear to be an old Byzantine-Roman burial site, but there are thousands of these across the region with almost 750 in just the Irbid–North Jordan Valley region alone.<ref> Palumbo, G., 1994. Jordan Antiquities Database and Information System. Amman: American Center for Oriental Research. Cited in: {{cite web|url= http://www2.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk/projects/iarc/culturewithoutcontext/issue14/rose-burke.htm|title= Making Money from Buried Treasure|publisher= Culture Without Context|author= Jerome C. Rose & Dolores L. Burke|series= Issue 14, Spring 2004|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk%2Fprojects%2Fiarc%2Fculturewithoutcontext%2Fissue14%2Frose-burke.htm&date=2013-12-05|deadurl=no}}</ref> These tombs often held the remains of multiple people and were usually situated in or around hillsides and caves. In fact, there are a number of similar rock-cut tombs in the area near this cave in Abu Alanda.<ref name="Jordan">{{cite web|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=tI9L9gepYAUC&pg=PA106|title= Jordan|publisher= Rough Guides|author= Matthew Teller|date= 2002|page=106|isbn=9781858287409|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> Without any kind of inscriptions or other identifying features, there is little reason to single out this particular site as the one mentioned in the Qur'an. Even the claims of a small ancient church, later converted into a mosque at the site, offer little supporting evidence as churches and chapels were commonly built near grave sites.

Other, spurious claims that the remains of seven individuals and a dog skeleton were found in the cave, along with the discovery of copper coins, cannot be verified as the archaeological work done in the 1960s did not definitely date the items at the site.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://idosi.org/wjihc/wjihc1(3)11/7.pdf|title= Qur’an and Archeological Discoveries: Evidence from the Near East|publisher= World Journal of Islamic History and Civilization|author= Ghassan Taha Yaseen|series=1 (3): 201-212, 2011. ISSN 2225-0883|date= |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fidosi.org%2Fwjihc%2Fwjihc1%283%2911%2F7.pdf&date=2013-12-05|deadurl=no}}</ref> Human remains, coins, and jewelry are very common in all of the Byzantine tombs in the region.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www2.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk/projects/iarc/culturewithoutcontext/issue14/rose-burke.htm|title= Making Money from Buried Treasure|publisher= Culture Without Context|author= Jerome C. Rose & Dolores L. Burke|series= Issue 14, Spring 2004|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk%2Fprojects%2Fiarc%2Fculturewithoutcontext%2Fissue14%2Frose-burke.htm&date=2013-12-05|deadurl=no}}</ref> Without proper dating, we have no way to verify if the remains at this site pre-date the Qur'anic story or if they were placed there at some point in the preceding 1,400 years. The cave only has four alcoves and sarcophagi, which implies it was never intended to hold the remains of seven people.

Numerous other sites, in Muslim countries, have also been offered as possible locations of the cave in the Qur'anic story. In Turkey (Ammuriyag Hadj Hamza: subterranean cave of an ancient Greek convent, and Tarsus; grotto), Syria (Damascus: the Ahl al-Kahf Mosque, with seven qibla in the crypt), Egypt (Cairo: cave of the Maghwari in Moqattam), in North Africa there are numerous sites. This attests to how easy it is to find a cave, cemetery, and religious building situated in the same location.<ref>Geneviève Massignonn, [http://www.dcbuck.com/Articles/Pilgrimage/Pilgrimage.html "The Veneration of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus"], 1963 ([http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dcbuck.com%2FArticles%2FPilgrimage%2FPilgrimage.html&date=2013-12-05 archived]).</ref>

==See Also==

* [[Library]] ''- WikiIslam's online library of books''
{{Hub4|Companions of the Cave|the Companions of the Cave}}

==External Links==

*{{external link| url = http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Sources/s18.html| title = The Fellows of the Cave| publisher = [[Answering Islam]]| author = | date = | archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.answering-islam.org%2FQuran%2FSources%2Fs18.html&date=2013-12-05| deadurl = no}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Qur'an]]
{{page_title|Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in the Qur'an}}

Contradictions in the Quran

2016-02-05T11:29:12Z

Axius: Undo revision 113857 by 66.183.196.212 (talk) - not needed

This page deals with contradictions in the [[Qur'an]].

==Allah==

===Where is Allah?===

On a royal chair

{{Quote|{{Quran|57|4}}|
He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six Days; then He mounted the Throne. He knoweth all that entereth the earth and all that emergeth therefrom and all that cometh down from the sky and all that ascendeth therein; and He is with you wheresoever ye may be. And Allah is Seer of what ye do.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|11|7}}|
And He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six Days - and His Throne was upon the water - that He might try you, which of you is best in conduct. Yet if thou (O Muhammad) sayest: Lo! ye will be raised again after death! those who disbelieve will surely say: This is naught but mere magic. }}

Everywhere

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|115}}|
To Allah belong the east and the West: Whithersoever ye turn, there is the presence of Allah. For Allah is all-Pervading, all-Knowing. }}

His home, the Ka'aba

{{Quote|{{Quran|14|37}}|
O our Lord! I have made some of my offspring to dwell in a valley without cultivation, by Thy Sacred House; in order, O our Lord, that they may establish regular Prayer: so fill the hearts of some among men with love towards them, and feed them with fruits: so that they may give thanks. }}

Nearby

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|186}}|
When My servants ask thee concerning Me, I am indeed close (to them): I listen to the prayer of every suppliant when he calleth on Me: Let them also, with a will, Listen to My call, and believe in Me: That they may walk in the right way. }}

{{Quote|{{Quran|50|16}}|
We verily created man and We know what his soul whispereth to him, and We are nearer to him than his jugular vein}}

===Is Allah the only protector?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|32|4}}|
Ye have not, beside Him, a protecting friend or mediator. Will ye not then remember? }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|116}}|
Surely Allah's is the kingdom of the heavens and the earth; He brings to life and causes to die; and there is not for you besides Allah any Guardian or Helper. }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|102}}|
Do then those who disbelieve think that they can take My slaves [i.e., the angels, God's Messengers, 'Iesa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary), etc.] as Auliyâ' (lords, gods, protectors, etc.) besides Me? Verily, We have prepared Hell as an entertainment for the disbelievers }}

No, angels too

{{Quote|{{Quran|41|31}}|
We are your guardians in this world's life and in the hereafter, and you shall have therein what your souls desire and you shall have therein what you ask for}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|55}}|
Your guardian can be only Allah; and His messenger and those who believe, who establish worship and pay the poordue, and bow down (in prayer). }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|71}}|
The Believers, men and women, are protectors one of another: they enjoin what is just, and forbid what is evil: they observe regular prayers, practise regular charity, and obey Allah and His Messenger. On them will Allah pour His mercy: for Allah is Exalted in power, Wise. . }}

===Is Allah the only ruler and commander?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|26}}|
Say: "Allah knows best how long they stayed: with Him is (the knowledge of) the secrets of the heavens and the earth: how clearly He sees, how finely He hears (everything)! They have no protector other than Him; nor does He share His Command with any person whatsoever. }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|111}}|
And say: 'Praise belongs to Allah, who has not taken to Him a son, and who has not any associate in the Kingdom, nor any protector out of humbleness.' And magnify Him with all the magnificence. }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|79-80}}| It is not (possible) that a man, to whom is given the Book, and Wisdom,
and the prophetic office, should say to people: "Be ye my worshippers rather than Allah's": on the contrary (He would say) "Be ye worshippers of Him Who is truly the Cherisher of all: For ye have taught the Book and ye have studied it earnestly." Nor would he instruct you to take angels and prophets for Lords and patrons. What! would he bid you to unbelief after ye have bowed your will (To Allah in Islam?)}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|71}}|Say: "Shall we indeed call on others besides Allah,- things that can do us neither good nor harm,- and turn on our heels after receiving guidance from Allah? - like one whom the evil ones have made into a fool, wandering bewildered through the earth, his friends calling, come to us', (vainly) guiding him to the path." Say: "Allah's guidance is the (only) guidance, and we have been directed to submit ourselves to the Lord of the worlds;}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|59}}|
O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged with authority among you. If ye differ in anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger, if ye do believe in Allah and the Last Day: That is best, and most suitable for final determination.}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|26}}|
Say: 'O Allah, Master of the Kingdom, Thou givest the Kingdom to whom Thou wilt, and seizest the Kingdom from whom Thou wilt, Thou exaltest whom Thou wilt, and Thou abasest whom Thou wilt; in Thy hand is the good; Thou art powerful over everything.}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|172}}|When thy Lord drew forth from the Children of Adam - from their loins - their descendants, and made them testify concerning themselves, (saying): "Am I not your Lord (who cherishes and sustains you)?"- They said: "Yea! We do testify!" (This), lest ye should say on the Day of Judgment: "Of this we were never mindful":}}

No, you must serve Muhammed

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|66}}|But thy people reject this, though it is the truth. Say: "Not mine is the responsibility for arranging your affairs}}

No, Whomever obey's Muhammed also obeys Allah

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|59}}|O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged with authority among you. If ye differ in anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger, if ye do believe in Allah and the Last Day: That is best, and most suitable for final determination.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|80}}|He who obeys the Messenger, obeys Allah:}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|24|56}}|So establish regular Prayer and give regular Charity; and obey the Messenger; that ye may receive mercy.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|26|108}}|"So fear Allah, and obey me.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|26|110}}|"So fear Allah, and obey me."}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|26|126}}|"So fear Allah and obey me}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|26|131}}|"Now fear Allah, and obey me}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|26|144}}|"So fear Allah, and obey me}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|26|150}}|But fear Allah and obey me;}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|26|163}}|"So fear Allah and obey me.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|26|179}}|"So fear Allah and obey me.}}

No, Muhammad also shares Allah’s ability to forgive sinners

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|64}}|
We sent not a messenger, but to be obeyed, in accordance with the will of Allah. If they had only, when they were unjust to themselves, come unto thee and asked Allah's forgiveness, and the Messenger had asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah indeed Oft-returning, Most Merciful. But no, by the Lord, they can have no (real) Faith, until they make thee judge in all disputes between them, and find in their souls no resistance against Thy decisions, but accept them with the fullest conviction}}

===Can Allah be seen?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|103}}|No vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all vision: He is above all comprehension, yet is acquainted with all things.}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|42|51}}|It is not fitting for a man that Allah should speak to him except by inspiration, or from behind a veil, or by the sending of a messenger to reveal, with Allah's permission, what Allah wills: for He is Most High, Most Wise}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|53|1-18}}|I swear by the star when it goes down.Your companion does not err, nor does he go astray; Nor does he speak out of desire. It is naught but revelation that is revealed, The Lord of Mighty Power has taught him, The Lord of Strength; so he attained completion, And he is in the highest part of the horizon. Then he drew near, then he bowed. So he was the measure of two bows or closer still. And He revealed to His servant what He revealed. The heart was not untrue in (making him see) what he saw. What! do you then dispute with him as to what he saw? And certainly he saw him in another descent, At the farthest lote-tree; Near which is the garden, the place to be resorted to. When that which covers covered the lote-tree; The eye did not turn aside, nor did it exceed the limit. Certainly he saw of the greatest signs of his Lord.}}

===Could Allah have a son?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|39|4}}|
If Allah had willed to choose a son,
He could have chosen what He would of that which He hath created.
Be He Glorified! He is Allah, the One, the Absolute. }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|101}}|
Wonderful Originator of the heavens and the earth;
How can He have a son when He has no consort?
He created all things, and He hath full knowledge of all things }}

===Is it possible to have a son without a consort?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{cite quran|19|20|end=21|style=ref}}|She said: "How shall I have a son, seeing that no man has touched me, and I am not unchaste?" He said: "So (it will be): Thy Lord saith, 'that is easy for Me: and (We wish) to appoint him as a Sign unto men and a Mercy from Us':It is a matter (so) decreed."}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|101}}|To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth: How can He have a son when He hath no consort? He created all things, and He hath full knowledge of all things.}}

===Is Allah omniscient?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|49|16}}|
Say: Do you instruct Allah about your religion? But Allah knows all that is in the heavens and on the earth; Allah is Knowing of all things. }}

No, Allah needs to test you to know

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|155}}|
Be sure we shall test you with something of fear and hunger, some loss in goods or lives or the fruits (of your toil), but give glad tidings to those who patiently persevere, }}

===Can only Allah see the unseen?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|10|20}}|
They say: "Why is not a sign sent down to him from his Lord?" Say: "The Unseen is only for Allah (to know), then wait ye: I too will wait with you." }}

No, Solomon can too

{{Quote|{{Quran|27|39}}|
Said an 'Ifrit, of the Jinns: "I will bring it to thee before thou rise from thy council: indeed I have full strength for the purpose, and may be trusted." }}

===Does Allah lead people astray?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|115}}|
And Allah will not mislead a people after He hath guided them, in order that He may make clear to them what to fear (and avoid)- for Allah hath knowledge of all things. }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|25}}|
Of them there are some who (pretend to) listen to thee; but We have thrown veils on their hearts, So they understand it not, and deafness in their ears; if they saw every one of the signs, not they will believe in them; in so much that when they come to thee, they (but) dispute with thee; the Unbelievers say: "These are nothing but tales of the ancients." }}

===Is Allah similar to anyone or anything?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|112|4}}|
"…and there is none like unto him."}}

Yes, face

{{Quote|{{Quran|55|27}}|
But will abide (for ever) the Face of thy Lord,- full of Majesty, Bounty and Honour}}

Yes, eyes

{{Quote|{{Quran|20|39}}|
Saying: Put him into a chest, then cast it down into the river, then the river shall throw him on the shore; there shall take him up one who is an enemy to Me and enemy to him, and I cast down upon you love from Me, and that you might be brought up before My eyes}}

Yes, hands

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|64}}|
The Jews say: "Allah's hand is tied up." Be their hands tied up and be they accursed for the (blasphemy) they utter. Nay, both His hands are widely outstretched: He giveth and spendeth (of His bounty) as He pleaseth. But the revelation that cometh to thee from Allah increaseth in most of them their obstinate rebellion and blasphemy. Amongst them we have placed enmity and hatred till the Day of Judgment. Every time they kindle the fire of war, Allah doth extinguish it; but they (ever) strive to do mischief on earth. And Allah loveth not those who do mischief.}}

Yes, hands

{{Quote|{{Quran|38|75}}|
(Allah) said: "O Iblis! What prevents thee from prostrating thyself to one whom I have created with my hands? Art thou haughty? Or art thou one of the high (and mighty) ones?}}

Yes, hands

{{Quote|{{Quran|39|67}}|
And they esteem not Allah as He hath the right to be esteemed, when the whole earth is His handful on the Day of Resurrection, and the heavens are rolled in His right hand. Glorified is He and High Exalted from all that they ascribe as partner (unto Him).}}

Yes, legs

{{Quote|{{Quran|68|42}}|
The Day that the shin shall be laid bare, and they shall be summoned to bow in adoration, but they shall not be able.}}

Yes, sits down

{{Quote|{{Quran|69|17}}|
And the angels will be on the sides thereof, and eight will uphold the Throne of thy Lord that day, above them. }}

===Is Allah kind and merciful?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|1|3}}|
Most Gracious, Most Merciful}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|56}}|
Those who reject our Signs, We shall soon cast into the Fire: as often as their skins are roasted through, We shall change them for fresh skins, that they may taste the penalty: for Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise.}}

===Does Allah speak directly with people?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|42|51}}|
It is not fitting for a man that Allah should speak to him except by inspiration, or from behind a veil, }}

Yes, to Muhammad

{{Quote|{{Quran|53|11}}|
The (Prophet's) (mind and) heart in no way falsified that which he saw}}

Yes, to an ordinary person

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|259}}|
He said: "How long didst thou tarry (thus)?"}}

Yes, to Adam

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|36}}|
We said: "Get ye down, all (ye people), with enmity between yourselves. On earth will be your dwelling-place and your means of livelihood}}

yes, to Moses

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|164}}|
Of some messengers We have already told thee the story; of others We have not;- and to Moses Allah spoke direct}}

===Does Allah forgive everything?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|39|53}}|
Say: "O my Servants who have transgressed against their souls! Despair not of the Mercy of Allah: for Allah forgives all sins: for He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|116}}|
Allah forgiveth not (The sin of) joining other gods with Him; but He forgiveth whom He pleaseth other sins than this: one who joins other gods with Allah, Hath strayed far, far away (from the right)}}

===Does Allah forgive worshipping other gods/shirk?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|48}}|
Allah forgiveth not that partners should be set up with Him; but He forgiveth anything else, to whom He pleaseth; to set up partners with Allah is to devise a sin Most heinous indeed.}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|116}}|
Allah forgiveth not (the sin of) joining other gods with Him; but He forgiveth whom He pleaseth other sins than this: one who joins other gods with Allah, Hath strayed far, far away (from the right).}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|153}}|
The people of the Book ask thee to cause a book to descend to them from heaven: Indeed they asked Moses for an even greater (miracle), for they said: "Show us Allah in public," but they were dazed for their presumption, with thunder and lightning. Yet they worshipped the calf even after clear signs had come to them; even so we forgave them; and gave Moses manifest proofs of authority}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|25|70}}|
Unless he repents, believes, and works righteous deeds, for Allah will change the evil of such persons into good, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful, }}

===How long is Allah's day?===

One thousand years

{{Quote|{{Quran|22|47}}|
Yet they ask thee to hasten on the Punishment! But Allah will not fail in His Promise. Verily a Day in the sight of thy Lord is like a thousand years of your reckoning. }}

Fifty thousand years

{{Quote|{{Quran|70|4}}|
The angels and the spirit ascend unto him in a Day the measure whereof is (as) fifty thousand years: }}

==Angels and Demons==

===Can angels walk the earth?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|95}}|
Say, "If there were settled, on earth, angels walking about in peace and quiet, We should certainly have sent them down from the heavens an angel for a messenger." }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|102}}|
...and such things as came down at babylon to the angels Harut and Marut. But neither of these taught anyone (Such things) without saying: "We are only for trial; so do not blaspheme." They learned from them the means to sow discord between man and wife. But they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's permission...}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|15|65}}|
So travel with thy household in a portion of the night, and follow thou their backs. Let none of you turn round, but go whither ye are commanded. }}

===Can angels guard or protect?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|107}}|
Knowest thou not that to Allah belongeth the dominion of the heavens and the earth? And besides Him ye have neither patron nor helper}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|41|31}}|
"We are your protectors in this life and in the Hereafter: therein shall ye have all that your souls shall desire; therein shall ye have all that ye ask for! }}

===How many angels helped Muhammad at Badr?===

Three thousand

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|124}}|
Remember thou saidst to the Faithful: "Is it not enough for you that Allah should help you with three thousand angels (Specially) sent down? }}

One thousand

{{Quote|{{Quran|8|9}}|
Remember ye implored the assistance of your Lord, and He answered you: "I will assist you with a thousand of the angels, ranks on ranks." }}

Allah does not send angels near disbelievers

{{Quote|{{Quran|15|8}}|
We send not down the angels save with the Fact, and in that case (the disbelievers) would not be tolerated. }}

===Does Satan mislead devout Muslims?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|16}}|
He said: "Because thou hast thrown me out of the way, lo! I will lie in wait for them on thy straight way: }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|38|83}}|
Except Thy Servants amongst them, sincere and purified (by Thy Grace).}}

===Was Iblis an Angel or a Jinn?===

Jinn

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|50}}|
Behold! We said to the angels, "Bow down to Adam": They bowed down except Iblis. He was one of the Jinns, and he broke the Command of his Lord. Will ye then take him and his progeny as protectors rather than Me? And they are enemies to you! Evil would be the exchange for the wrong-doers!}}

Angel

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|34}}|
And behold, We said to the angels: "Bow down to Adam" and they bowed down. Not so Iblis: he refused and was haughty: He was of those who reject Faith}}

===Where are the Jinn?===

On earth and cannot get into space

{{Quote|{{Quran|55|33}}|
O ye assembly of Jinns and men! If it be ye can pass beyond the zones of the heavens and the earth, pass ye! not without authority shall ye be able to pass! }}

In space and cannot get to earth

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|37|6|7}}|
We have indeed decked the lower heaven with beauty (in) the stars,- (For beauty) and for guard against all obstinate rebellious evil spirits, }}

==Creation==

===Which was created first; Universe or Earth?===

Universe

{{Quote|{{Quran|79|27}}|
Are ye the harder to create, or is the heaven that He built?}}

Earth

{{Quote|{{Quran|41|10}}|
He placed therein firm hills rising above it, and blessed it and measured therein its sustenance in four Days, alike for (all) who ask; }}

{{Quote|{{Quran|41|11}}|
Then turned He to the heaven when it was smoke, and said unto it and unto the earth: Come both of you, willingly or loth. They said: We come, obedient. }}

Earth

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|29}}|
He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth. Then turned He to the heaven, and fashioned it as seven heavens. And He is knower of all things.}}

===Heaven and Earth came apart or together?===

Together (universe contracting)

{{Quote|{{Quran|41|11}}|
Moreover He comprehended in His design the sky, and it had been (as) smoke: He said to it and to the earth: "Come ye together, willingly or unwillingly." They said: "We do come (together), in willing obedience.}}

Apart (universe expanding)

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|30}}|
Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth were of one piece, then We parted them, and we made every living thing of water? Will they not then believe? }}

===How long did it take Allah to create heaven and earth?===

6 days

{{Quote|{{Quran|10|3}}|Verily your Lord is Allah, who created the heavens and the earth in six days, and is firmly established on the throne (of authority), regulating and governing all things. No intercessor (can plead with Him) except after His leave (hath been obtained). This is Allah your Lord; Him therefore serve ye: will ye not receive admonition? }}

8 days

{{Quote|{{Quran|41|9-12}}|
Say: Is it that ye deny Him Who created the earth in two Days? And do ye join equals with Him? He is the Lord of (all) the Worlds.
He placed therein firm hills rising above it, and blessed it and measured therein its sustenance in four Days, alike for (all) who ask;
Then He ordained them seven heavens in two Days and inspired in each heaven its mandate; and We decked the nether heaven with lamps, and rendered it inviolable. That is the measuring of the Mighty, the Knower}}

===What was Man created from?===

Dust

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|59}}|The similitude of Jesus before Allah is as that of Adam; He created him from dust, then said to him: "Be". And he was.}}

Nothing

{{Quote|{{Quran|19|67}}|But does not man call to mind that We created him before out of nothing?}}

Clay

{{Quote|{{Quran|15|26}}|We created man from sounding clay, from mud moulded into shape;}}

Sperm

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|4}}|He has created man from a sperm-drop; and behold this same (man) becomes an open disputer!}}

Blood clot

{{Quote|{{Quran|96|2}}|Created man, out of a (mere) clot of congealed blood:}}

Water

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|30}}|
Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of creation), before we clove them asunder? We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe? }}

===How long does it take Allah to create?===

Long time

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|54}}|
Your Guardian-Lord is Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth in six days, and is firmly established on the throne (of authority): He draweth the night as a veil o'er the day, each seeking the other in rapid succession: He created the sun, the moon, and the stars, (all) governed by laws under His command. Is it not His to create and to govern? Blessed be Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the worlds! }}

Instant

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|117}}|
The Originator of the heavens and the earth! When He decreeth a thing, He saith unto it only: Be! and it is. }}

==Day of Judgement==

===How many trumpets will be blown on Qiyamah?===

Two

{{Quote|{{Quran|79|7}}|
And the second followeth it, }}

One only

{{Quote|{{Quran|69|13}}|
And when the trumpet is blown with a single blast,}}

===What happens to mountains on Qiyamah?===

Become like wool

{{Quote|{{Quran|70|9}}|
And the mountains will be like wool}}

They will disappear

{{Quote|{{Quran|78|20}}|
And the mountains shall vanish, as if they were a mirage. }}

===Will disbelievers speak on Qiyamah?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|27|85}}|
And the Word will be fulfilled against them, because of their wrong-doing, and they will be unable to speak}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|36|65}}|
That Day shall We set a seal on their mouths. But their hands will speak to us, and their feet bear witness, to all that they did. }}

===Where do disbelievers receive their record book on Judgment day?===

On their back

{{Quote|{{Quran|84|10}}|
But he who is given his Record behind his back}}

On the left hand

{{Quote|{{Quran|69|25}}|
And he that will be given his Record in his left hand, will say: "Ah! Would that my Record had not been given to me! }}

==Evil==

===Does evil come from Allah?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|78}}|
.... If some good befalls them, they say "This is from Allah". But if evil, they say "This is from thee" (O prophet). Say: "All things are from Allah....}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|79}}|
Whatever good, (O man!) happens to thee, is from Allah. But whatever evil happens to thee, is from thyself. But what has come to these people. That they fail to understand a single fact}}

===Does Allah command evil or not?===

The Qur'an in the following verses says Allah will not command indecency or evil

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|28}}|When they do aught that is shameful, they say: "We found our fathers doing so"; and "Allah commanded us thus": Say: "Nay, Allah never commands what is shameful: do ye say of Allah what ye know not?"}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|90}}|Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and liberality to kith and kin, and He forbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion: He instructs you, that ye may receive admonition.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|131}}|This is because your Lord would not destroy towns unjustly while their people were negligent.}}

But contradicts himself when he says he commands abomination

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|16}}|And when We would destroy a township We send commandment to its folk who live at ease, and afterward they commit abomination therein, and so the Word (of doom) hath effect for it, and we annihilate it with complete annihilation.}}

===Magic===

Moses instructed by Allah to do magic

{{Quote|{{Quran|20|65}}|
They said: "O Moses! whether wilt thou that thou throw (first) or that we be the first to throw?" }}

Magic is evil

{{Quote|{{Quran|113|4}}|
And from the evil of malignant witchcraft}}

===Are animals evil?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|179}}|
lready have We urged unto hell many of the jinn and humankind, having hearts wherewith they understand not, and having eyes wherewith they see not, and having ears wherewith they hear not. These are as the cattle - nay, but they are worse! These are the neglectful. }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|166}}|
So when they took pride in that which they had been forbidden, We said unto them: Be ye apes despised and loathed! }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|22|18}}|
Seest thou not that to Allah bow down in worship all things that are in the heavens and on earth,- the sun, the moon, the stars; the hills, the trees, the animals; and a great number among mankind? But a great number are (also) such as are fit for Punishment: and such as Allah shall disgrace,- None can raise to honour: for Allah carries out all that He wills. }}

==Heaven and Hell==

===When do people come back to life?===

On the appointed Hour (Day of Judgement)

{{Quote|{{Quran|22|7}}|
And verily the Hour will come: there can be no doubt about it, or about (the fact) that Allah will raise up all who are in the graves. }}

Immediately after their death

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|169}}|
Think not of those, who are slain in the way of Allah, as dead. Nay, they are living. With their Lord they have provision. }}

===Is there heaven and hell only?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|47|12}}|
Verily Allah will admit those who believe and do righteous deeds, to Gardens beneath which rivers flow; while those who reject Allah will enjoy (this world) and eat as cattle eat; and the Fire will be their abode. }}

No, purgatory too

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|46}}|
Between them is a veil. And on the Heights are men who know them all by their marks. And they call unto the dwellers of the Garden: Peace be unto you! They enter it not although they hope (to enter).}}

===Is intercession possible?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|123}}|
Then guard yourselves against a-Day when one soul shall not avail another, nor shall compensation be accepted from her nor shall intercession profit her nor shall anyone be helped (from outside). }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|47}}|
O children of Israel! call to mind My favor which I bestowed on you and that I made you excel the nations. And be on your guard against a day when one soul shall not avail another in the least, neither shall intercession on its behalf be accepted, nor shall any compensation be taken from it, nor shall they be helped. }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|20|109}}|
On that Day shall no intercession avail except for those for whom permission has been granted by (Allah) Most Gracious and whose word is acceptable to Him.}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|10|3}}|
Verily your Lord is Allah, who created the heavens and the earth in six days, and is firmly established on the throne (of authority), regulating and governing all things. No intercessor (can plead with Him) except after His leave (hath been obtained). This is Allah your Lord; Him therefore serve ye: will ye not receive admonition}}

===Width of garden; 1 heaven or plural heavens?===

More than one heaven (plural, samawaat)

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|133}}|
a Garden whose width is that (of the whole) of the heavens and the earth, prepared for the righteous}}

Only one heaven (singular, sama)

{{Quote|{{Quran|57|21}}|
a Garden (of Bliss), the width whereof is as the width of the heaven and the earth, prepared for those who believe in Allah}}

===Who will men be with in paradise?===

With their wives from Earth

{{Quote|{{Quran|43|70}}|
Enter ye the Garden, ye and your wives, in (beauty and) rejoicing. }}

With heavenly virgins

{{Quote|{{Quran|52|20}}|
They will recline (with ease) on Thrones (of dignity) arranged in ranks; and We shall join them to Companions, with beautiful big and lustrous eyes. }}

===Do all Muslims go to hell for some time?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|19|71}}|
Not one of you but will pass over it: this is, with thy Lord, a Decree which must be accomplished.Afterwards he may save some of the pious, God-fearing Muslims out of the burning fire}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|47|12}}|
Verily Allah will admit those who believe and do righteous deeds, to Gardens beneath which rivers flow; while those who reject Allah will enjoy (this world) and eat as cattle eat; and the Fire will be their abode}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|47|12}}|
And if ye are slain, or die, in the way of Allah,
forgiveness and mercy from Allah are far better than all they could amass.
And if ye die, or are slain, Lo! it is unto Allah that ye are brought together. }}

===Will non-Muslims go to hell forever?===

Not necessarily

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|128}}|
One day will He gather them all together, (and say): "O ye assembly of Jinns! Much (toll) did ye take of men." Their friends amongst men will say: "Our Lord! we made profit from each other: but (alas!) we reached our term - which thou didst appoint for us." He will say: "The Fire be your dwelling-place: you will dwell therein for ever, except as Allah willeth." for thy Lord is full of wisdom and knowledge. }}

Not necessarily

{{Quote|{{Quran|11|106}}|
Those who are wretched shall be in the Fire: There will be for them therein (nothing but) the heaving of sighs and sobs: They will dwell therein for all the time that the heavens and the earth endure, except as thy Lord willeth: for thy Lord is the (sure) accomplisher of what He planneth. And those who are blessed shall be in the Garden: They will dwell therein so long for all the time that the heavens and the earth endure, except as thy Lord willeth: a gift without break }}

Not eternal (Huqb is seventy or eighty years, and every day of it is like one thousand years according to your reckoning in this life—ibn Kathir)

{{Quote|{{Quran|78|23}}|They will dwell therein for ages.}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|167}}|
And those who followed shall say: Had there been for us a return, then we would renounce them as they have renounced us. Thus will Allah show them their deeds to be intense regret to them, and they shall not come forth from the fire}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|41|28}}|
Such is the requital of the enemies of Allah,- the Fire: therein will be for them the Eternal Home: a (fit) requital, for that they were wont to reject Our Signs}}

===Will Jesus burn in Hell?===

Yes, because he is worshipped as God by Christians

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|21|98|99}}|
Lo! ye (idolaters) and that which ye worship beside Allah are fuel of hell. Thereunto ye will come. If these had been gods they would not have come thither, but all will abide therein. }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|45}}|
Behold! the angels said: "O Mary! Allah giveth thee glad tidings of a Word from Him: his name will be Christ Jesus, the son of Mary, held in honour in this world and the Hereafter and of (the company of) those nearest to Allah; }}

===What will be the food in hell?===

Only thorns/ dhari

{{Quote|{{Quran|88|6}}|
"No food will there be for them but a bitter Dhari"}}

Only pus

{{Quote|{{Quran|69|36}}|
Nor hath he any food except the corruption from the washing of wounds}}

Also zaqqum, hell fruit

{{Quote|{{Quran|37|66}}|
The shoots of its fruit-stalks are like the heads of devils}}

==Mankind==

===What is the purpose of mankind?===

Only to worship Allah

{{Quote|{{Quran|51|56}}|
I created the jinn and humankind only that they might worship Me}}

Also to pursue the habits/sunnah of Muhammad

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|158}}|
Say: "O men! I am sent unto you all, as the Messenger of Allah, to Whom belongeth the dominion of the heavens and the earth: there is no god but He: it is He That giveth both life and death. So believe in Allah and His Messenger, the Unlettered Prophet, who believeth in Allah and His words: follow him that (so) ye may be guided."}}

===Are all human races considered equal?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|33}}|
Allah did choose Adam and Noah, the family of Abraham, and the family of 'Imran above all people,}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|47}}|
Children of Israel! call to mind the (special) favour which I bestowed upon you, and that I preferred you to all other (for My Message). }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|49|13}}|
O people, we created you from the same male and female, and rendered you distinct peoples and tribes, that you may recognize one another. The best among you in the sight of GOD is the most righteous. GOD is Omniscient, Cognizant.}}

===Does everyone bear his own burden?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|164}}|
Say: "Shall I seek for (my) Cherisher other than Allah, when He is the Cherisher of all things (that exist)? Every soul draws the meed of its acts on none but itself: no bearer of burdens can bear the burden of another. Your goal in the end is towards Allah: He will tell you the truth of the things wherein ye disputed." }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|35|18}}|
Nor can a bearer of burdens bear another's burdens if one heavily laden should call another to (bear) his load. Not the least portion of it can be carried (by the other). Even though he be nearly related. Thou canst but admonish such as fear their Lord unseen and establish regular Prayer. And whoever purifies himself does so for the benefit of his own soul; and the destination (of all) is to Allah. }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|286}}|
On no soul doth Allah Place a burden greater than it can bear. It gets every good that it earns, and it suffers every ill that it earns. (Pray:) "Our Lord! Condemn us not if we forget or fall into error; our Lord! Lay not on us a burden Like that which Thou didst lay on those before us; Our Lord! Lay not on us a burden greater than we have strength to bear. Blot out our sins, and grant us forgiveness. Have mercy on us. Thou art our Protector; Help us against those who stand against faith." }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|25}}|
Let them bear, on the Day of Judgment, their own burdens in full, and also (something) of the burdens of those without knowledge, whom they misled. Alas, how grievous the burdens they will bear! }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|91}}|
When it is said to them, "Believe in what Allah Hath sent down, "they say, "We believe in what was sent down to us:" yet they reject all besides, even if it be Truth confirming what is with them. Say: "Why then have ye slain the prophets of Allah in times gone by, if ye did indeed believe?" }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|181}}|
Allah has certainly heard the saying of those who said: Surely Allah is poor and we are rich. I will record what they say, and their killing the prophets unjustly, and I will say: Taste the chastisement of burning. }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|29|13}}|They will bear their own burdens, and (other) burdens along with their own, and on the Day of Judgments they will be called to account for their falsehoods.}}

===Does Man have free will?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|10|100}}|
No soul can believe, except by the will of Allah, and He will place doubt (or obscurity) on those who will not understand. }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|81|28}}|
With profit) to whoever among you wills to go straight}}

===When was our fate written?===

Before Allah created the heavens and the Earth

{{Quote|{{Quran|57|22}}|
No misfortune can happen on earth or in your souls but is recorded in a decree before We bring it into existence:}}

On laylatul qadr

{{Quote|{{Quran|44|3}}|
Surely We revealed it on a blessed night surely We are ever warning}}

===Who takes peoples souls?===

One angel

{{Quote|{{Quran|32|11}}|
Say: "The Angel of Death, put in charge of you, will (duly) take your souls: then shall ye be brought back to your Lord." }}

Many angels

{{Quote|{{Quran|47|27}}|
But how (will it be) when the angels take their souls at death, and smite their faces and their backs? }}

Allah

{{Quote|{{Quran|39|42}}|
It is Allah that takes the souls (of men) at death; and those that die not (He takes) during their sleep: those on whom He has passed the decree of death, He keeps back (from returning to life), but the rest He sends (to their bodies) for a term appointed verily in this are Signs for those who reflect. }}

==Muslims==

===Who was the first Muslim?===

Muhammed

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|14}}|Say: "Shall I take for my protector any other than Allah, the Maker of the heavens and the earth? And He it is that feedeth but is not fed." Say: "Nay! but I am commanded to be the first of those who bow to Allah (in Islam), and be not thou of the company of those who join gods with Allah."}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|163}}|No partner hath He: this am I commanded, and I am the first of those who bow to His will.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|39|12}}|"And I am commanded to be the first of those who bow to Allah in Islam."}}

Moses

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|143}}| When Moses came to the place appointed by Us, and his Lord addressed him, He said: "O my Lord! show (Thyself) to me, that I may look upon thee." Allah said: "By no means canst thou see Me (direct); But look upon the mount; if it abide in its place, then shalt thou see Me." When his Lord manifested His glory on the Mount, He made it as dust. And Moses fell down in a swoon. When he recovered his senses he said: "Glory be to Thee! to Thee I turn in repentance, and I am the first to believe." }}

Abraham

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|132}}|And this was the legacy that Abraham left to his sons, and so did Jacob; "Oh my sons! Allah hath chosen the Faith for you; then die not except in the Faith of Islam." }}

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|67}}|Abraham was not a Jew nor yet a Christian; but he was true in Faith, and bowed his will to Allah's (Which is Islam), and he joined not gods with Allah.}}

Adam

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|33}}|
Allah did choose Adam and Noah, the family of Abraham, and the family of 'Imran above all people,- }}

Egyptians

{{Quote|{{Quran|26|51}}|
Lo! we ardently hope that our Lord will forgive us our sins because we are the first of the believers}}

Jesus and his disciples

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|52}}|When Jesus found Unbelief on their part He said: "Who will be My helpers to (the work of) Allah?" Said the disciples: "We are Allah's helpers: We believe in Allah, and do thou bear witness that we are Muslims.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|111}}|"And behold! I inspired the disciples to have faith in Me and Mine Messenger: they said, 'We have faith, and do thou bear witness that we bow to Allah as Muslims'".}}

===Is Allah the only Wali?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|116}}|
Unto Allah belongeth the dominion of the heavens and the earth. He giveth life and He taketh it. Except for Him ye have no protector nor helper. }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|55}}|
Your (real) friends are (no less than) Allah, His Messenger, and the (fellowship of) believers,- those who establish regular prayers and regular charity, and they bow down humbly (in worship). }}

===Does a Muslim have only one mother?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|58|2}}|
If any men among you divorce their wives by Zihar (calling them mothers), they cannot be their mothers: None can be their mothers except those who gave them birth. And in fact they use words (both) iniquitous and false: but truly Allah is one that blots out (sins), and forgives (again and again).}}

No (plural mothers)

{{Quote|{{Quran|42|3}}|
Forbidden unto you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and your father's sisters, and your mother's sisters, and your brother's daughters and your sister's daughters, and your foster-mothers, and your foster-sisters, and your mothers-in-law, and your step-daughters who are under your protection (born) of your women unto whom ye have gone in - but if ye have not gone in unto them, then it is no sin for you (to marry their daughters) - and the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins. And (it is forbidden unto you) that ye should have two sisters together, except what hath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|33|6}}|
The Prophet is closer to the Believers than their own selves, and his wives are their mothers. Blood-relations among each other have closer personal ties, in the Decree of Allah. Than (the Brotherhood of) Believers and Muhajirs: nevertheless do ye what is just to your closest friends: such is the writing in the Decree (of Allah).}}

===Strength of believers===

One Muslim is more powerful than 10 non-Muslims

{{Quote|{{Quran|8|65}}|
If there be of you twenty steadfast they shall overcome two hundred, and if there be of you a hundred (steadfast) they shall overcome a thousand of those who disbelieve }}

One Muslim can overcome two non-Muslims

{{Quote|{{Quran|8|66}}|So if there be of you a steadfast hundred they shall overcome two hundred, and if there be of you a thousand (steadfast) they shall overcome two thousand by permission of Allah. }}

===Can you eat non-halal meat?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|5}}|
This day are (all) things good and pure made lawful unto you. The food of the People of the Book is lawful unto you and yours is lawful unto them. (Lawful unto you in marriage) are (not only) chaste women who are believers, but chaste women among the People of the Book, revealed before your time,- when ye give them their due dowers, and desire chastity, not lewdness, nor secret intrigues if any one rejects faith, fruitless is his work, and in the Hereafter he will be in the ranks of those who have lost (all spiritual good). }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|118}}|
So eat of (meats) on which Allah's name hath been pronounced, if ye have faith in His signs. }}

===Is jewellery okay?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|31}}|
O Children of Adam! wear your beautiful apparel at every time and place of prayer: eat and drink: But waste not by excess, for Allah loveth not the wasters. }}

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|14}}|
It is He Who has made the sea subject, that ye may eat thereof flesh that is fresh and tender, and that ye may extract therefrom ornaments to wear; and thou seest the ships therein }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|28|76}}|
Qarun was doubtless, of the people of Moses; but he acted insolently towards them: such were the treasures We had bestowed on him that their very keys would have been a burden to a body of strong men, behold, his people said to him: "Exult not, for Allah loveth not those who exult (in riches).}}

===Is an adopted child real family?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|33|4}}|
Allah has not made for any man two hearts in his (one) body: nor has He made your wives whom ye divorce by Zihar your mothers: nor has He made your adopted sons your sons. Such is (only) your (manner of) speech by your mouths. But Allah tells (you) the Truth, and He shows the (right) Way.
but here a foster mother is family!}}

But a foster mother is real family

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|23}}|
Forbidden unto you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and your father's sisters, and your mother's sisters, and your brother's daughters and your sister's daughters, and your foster-mothers, and your foster-sisters, and your mothers-in-law, and your step-daughters who are under your protection (born) of your women unto whom ye have gone in - but if ye have not gone in unto them, then it is no sin for you (to marry their daughters) - and the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins. And (it is forbidden unto you) that ye should have two sisters together, except what hath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful. }}

===Is drinking alcohol okay?===

Yes, we will drink Alcohol with Allah for an eternity

{{Quote|{{Quran|83|22}}|
Surely the pious will be in bliss ... their thirst will be slaked with pure wine sealed.}}

Paradise has rivers of Alcohol

{{Quote|{{Quran|83|22}}|
A similitude of the Garden which those who keep their duty (to Allah) are promised: Therein are rivers of water unpolluted ... and rivers of wine delicious to the drinkers. .}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|67}}|
And from the fruit of the date-palm and the vine, ye get out wholesome drink and food: behold, in this also is a sign for those who are wise}}

Yes, as long as you're not praying

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|43}}|
O ye who believe! Draw not near unto prayer when ye are drunken, till ye know that which ye utter, nor when ye are polluted, save when journeying upon the road, till ye have bathed. And if ye be ill, or on a journey, or one of you cometh from the closet, or ye have touched women, and ye find not water, then go to high clean soil and rub your faces and your hands (therewith). Lo! Allah is Benign, Forgiving. }}

Quite bad

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|90}}|
O ye who believe! Strong drink and games of chance and idols and divining arrows are only an infamy of Satan's handiwork. Leave it aside in order that ye may succeed. }}

Huge sin

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|219}}|
They question thee about strong drink and games of chance. Say: In both is great sin, and (some) utility for men; but the sin of them is greater than their usefulness. And they ask thee what they ought to spend. Say: that which is superfluous. Thus Allah maketh plain to you (His) revelations, that haply ye may reflect}}

Alcohol is from Satan

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|90}}|
O you who believe! Strong drink and games of chance and idols and divine arrows are only an infamy of Satan's handiwork. Leave it aside that you may succeed}}

===How many sacred months are there?===

Four

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|36}}|
The number of months in the sight of Allah is twelve (in a year)- so ordained by Him the day He created the heavens and the earth; of them four are sacred: that is the straight usage. So wrong not yourselves therein, and fight the Pagans all together as they fight you all together. But know that Allah is with those who restrain themselves. }}

One

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|2}}|
O ye who believe! Violate not the sanctity of the symbols of Allah, nor of the sacred month, nor of the animals brought for sacrifice, nor the garlands that mark out such animals, nor the people resorting to the sacred house, seeking of the bounty and good pleasure of their Lord. But when ye are clear of the sacred precincts and of pilgrim garb, ye may hunt and let not the hatred of some people in (once) shutting you out of the Sacred Mosque lead you to transgression (and hostility on your part). Help ye one another in righteousness and piety, but help ye not one another in sin and rancour: fear Allah: for Allah is strict in punishment. }}

==Non-Muslims==

===What does Allah do with apostates?===

Punishes them

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|88|23|24}}|
But if any turn away and reject Allah,- Allah will punish him with a mighty Punishment, }}

Does not care

{{Quote|{{Quran|60|6}}|
There was indeed in them an excellent example for you to follow,- for those whose hope is in Allah and in the Last Day. But if any turn away, truly Allah is Free of all Wants, Worthy of all Praise. }}

===Is there compulsion in Islam?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|256}}|
There is no compulsion in religion. The right direction is henceforth distinct from error. And he who rejecteth false deities and believeth in Allah hath grasped a firm handhold which will never break. Allah is Hearer, Knower. }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|109|6}}|
Unto you your religion and unto me my religion }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|8|12}}|
I will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve. Therefore strike off their heads and strike off every fingertip of them}}

Yes, unless the disbelievers pay you.

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|29}}|
Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the last day, nor hold that which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger [Muhammad], nor acknowledge the religion of truth [Islam], from among the people of the book [Jews and Christians] until they pay the Jezia [special taxes paid by the Jews and}}

===Will Allah reward the good deeds of non-Muslims?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|17}}|
It is not for such as join gods with Allah, to visit or maintain the mosques of Allah while they witness against their own souls to infidelity. The works of such bear no fruit: In Fire shall they dwell. }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|99|7}}|
And whoso doeth good an atom's weight will see it then}}

===Who sends disbelievers astray?===

Allah

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|25}}|
Of them there are some who (pretend to) listen to thee; but We have thrown veils on their hearts, So they understand it not, and deafness in their ears; if they saw every one of the signs, not they will believe in them; in so much that when they come to thee, they (but) dispute with thee; the Unbelievers say: "These are nothing but tales of the ancients." }}

Allah

{{Quote|{{Quran|35|8}}|
Allah leaves stray whom He wills and guides whom He wills }}

Allah

{{Quote|{{Quran|10|100}}|
No soul can believe except by the will of Allah }}

Satan

{{Quote|{{Quran|15|39}}|
(Iblis) said: "O my Lord! because Thou hast put me in the wrong, I will make (wrong) fair-seeming to them on the earth, and I will put them all in the wrong}}

Satan

{{Quote|{{Quran|114|5}}|
Who whispereth in the hearts of mankind}}

Satan

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|119}}|
I will mislead them, and I will create in them false desires....}}

Themselves

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|70}}|
Hath not the story reached them of those before them?- the People of Noah, and 'Ad, and Thamud; the People of Abraham, the men of Midian, and the cities overthrown. To them came their messengers with clear signs. It is not Allah Who wrongs them, but they wrong their own souls. }}

Themselves

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|12}}|
It is they who have lost their own souls, that they will not believe }}

Themselves

{{Quote|{{Quran|30|9}}|
It was not Allah who wronged them, but they wronged their own souls }}

===For whom is salvation?===

For all pious theists

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|69}}|
Those who believe (in the Qur'an), those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Sabians and the Christians,- any who believe in Allah and the Last Day, and work righteousness,- on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve. }}

For all pious theists

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|62}}|
Verily! Those who believe and those who are Jews and Christians, and Sabians, whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day and do righteous good deeds shall have their reward with their Lord, on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve. }}

For Muslims only

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|85}}|
If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah), never will it be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter He will be in the ranks of those who have lost (All spiritual good). }}

For Muslims only

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|19}}|
Truly, the religion with Allah is Islam. Those who were given the Scripture (Jews and Christians) did not differ except, out of mutual jealousy, after knowledge had come to them. And whoever disbelieves in the Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, signs, revelations, etc.) of Allah, then surely, Allah is Swift in calling to account.. }}

===How to treat those who do not believe in an afterlife===

Be kind

{{Quote|{{Quran|45|14}}|
Tell those who believe, to forgive those who do not look forward to the Days of Allah: It is for Him to recompense (for good or ill) each People according to what they have earned. }}

Be kind

{{Quote|{{Quran|25|63}}|
The worshipers of the Most Gracious are those who tread the earth gently, and when the ignorant speak to them, they only utter peace }}

Attack them

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|29}}|
Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued. }}

===What to do with infidel family?===

Stay with family

{{Quote|{{Quran|31|15}}|
And if they contend with you that you should associate with Me what you have no knowledge of, do not obey them, and keep company with them in this world kindly, and follow the way of him who turns to Me, then to Me is your return, then will I inform you of what you did }}

Dont stay with family

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|23}}|
O ye who believe! Choose not your fathers nor your brethren for friends if they take pleasure in disbelief rather than faith. Whoso of you taketh them for friends, such are wrong-doers. }}

==People of the Book==

===Should Muslims have Christians for friends?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|82}}|
Strongest among men in enmity to the believers wilt thou find the Jews and Pagans; and nearest among them in love to the believers wilt thou find those who say, "We are Christians": because amongst these are men devoted to learning and men who have renounced the world, and they are not arrogant. }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|57|27}}|
We sent after them Jesus the son of Mary, and bestowed on him the Gospel; and we ordained in the hearts of those who followed him compassion and mercy. }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|51}}|
O ye who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians for friends. They are friends one to another. He among you who taketh them for friends is (one) of them. Lo! Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk. }}

===Christians and Jews hate or love each other?===

Hate each other

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|64}}|
The Jews say: "Allah's hand is tied up." Be their hands tied up and be they accursed for the (blasphemy) they utter. Nay, both His hands are widely outstretched: He giveth and spendeth (of His bounty) as He pleaseth. But the revelation that cometh to thee from Allah increaseth in most of them their obstinate rebellion and blasphemy. Amongst them we have placed enmity and hatred till the Day of Judgment. Every time they kindle the fire of war, Allah doth extinguish it; but they (ever) strive to do mischief on earth. And Allah loveth not those who do mischief. }}

Love each other

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|51}}|
O ye who believe! take not the Jews and the Christians for your friends and protectors: They are but friends and protectors to each other. And he amongst you that turns to them (for friendship) is of them. Verily Allah guideth not a people unjust.}}

===Can you marry non-Muslims?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|221}}|
Do not marry unbelieving women (idolaters), until they believe: A slave woman who believes is better than an unbelieving woman, even though she allures you. Nor marry (your girls) to unbelievers until they believe: A man slave who believes is better than an unbeliever, even though he allures you. Unbelievers do (but) beckon you to the Fire. But Allah beckons by His Grace to the Garden (of bliss) and forgiveness, and makes His Signs clear to mankind: That they may celebrate His praise. }}

Yes (even though Qur'an 9;29 calls Christians idolaters)

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|5}}|
This day are (all) good things made lawful for you. The food of those who have received the Scripture is lawful for you, and your food is lawful for them. And so are the virtuous women of the believers and the virtuous women of those who received the Scripture before you (lawful for you) when ye give them their marriage portions and live with them in honour, not in fornication, nor taking them as secret concubines. Whoso denieth the faith, his work is vain and he will be among the losers in the Hereafter. }}

===Do Muslims and non-Muslim theists worship the same god?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|109|3}}|
Nor will ye worship that which I worship. }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|29|46}}|
And dispute ye not with the People of the Book, except with means better (than mere disputation), unless it be with those of them who inflict wrong (and injury): but say, "We believe in the revelation which has come down to us and in that which came down to you; Our Allah and your Allah is one; and it is to Him we bow (in Islam)."}}

===Will Jews and Christians be saved from hell?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|62}}|Those who believe (in the Qur'an), and those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Christians and the Sabians,- any who believe in Allah and the Last Day, and work righteousness, shall have their reward with their Lord; on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve.}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|69}}|Those who believe (in the Qur'an), those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Sabians and the Christians,- any who believe in Allah and the Last Day, and work righteousness,- on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve.}}

No

{{Quote| {{Quran|3|19}} |
Truly, the religion with Allah is Islam. Those who were given the Scripture (Jews and Christians) did not differ except, out of mutual jealousy, after knowledge had come to them. And whoever disbelieves in the Ayah (proofs, evidences, verses, signs, revelations, etc.) of Allah, then surely, Allah is Swift in calling to account.}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|85}}|If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah), never will it be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter he will be in the ranks of those who have lost (All spiritual good).}}

==Prophets==

===Who does Allah send as prophets?===

Only single men from amongst a community

{{Quote|{{Quran|12|109}}|
Nor did We send before thee (as messengers) any but men, whom we did inspire,- (men) living in human habitations. Do they not travel through the earth, and see what was the end of those before them? But the home of the hereafter is best, for those who do right. Will ye not then understand? }}

Also angels

{{Quote|{{Quran|22|75}}|
Allah chooses messengers from angels and from men for Allah is He Who hears and sees (all things). }}

Also a beast

{{Quote|{{Quran|27|82}}|
And when the Word is fulfilled against them (the unjust), we shall produce from the earth a beast to (face) them: He will speak to them, for that mankind did not believe with assurance in Our Signs}}

Entire tribes

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|163}}|
We have sent thee inspiration, as We sent it to Noah and the Messengers after him: we sent inspiration to Abraham, Isma'il, Isaac, Jacob and '''the tribes''', to Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and solomon, and to David We gave the Psalms}}

The earth itself

{{Quote|{{Quran|99|2|5}}|
And the earth brings forth her burdens, And man says: What has befallen her? On that day she shall tell her news, Because your Lord had inspired her.}}

===Are all Islamic prophets equal?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|285}}|
The Messenger believeth in what hath been revealed to him from his Lord, as do the men of faith. Each one (of them) believeth in Allah, His angels, His books, and His messengers. We make no distinction between any of His messengers. And they say: "We hear, and we obey: (We seek) Thy forgiveness, our Lord, and to Thee is the end of all journeys." }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|253}}|
Those messengers We endowed with gifts, some above others: To one of them Allah spoke; others He raised to degrees (of honour); to Jesus the son of Mary We gave clear (Signs), and strengthened him with the holy spirit. If Allah had so willed, succeeding generations would not have fought among each other, after clear (Signs) had come to them, but they (chose) to wrangle, some believing and others rejecting. If Allah had so willed, they would not have fought each other; but Allah Fulfilleth His plan. }}

===Will Muhammad go to Heaven?===

Yes, he will be forgiven of all sins

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|48|1|2}}|
We have given thee (O Muhammad) a clear victory. That Allah may forgive thee of thy sin that which is past and that which is to come.
}}

He is not sure

{{Quote|{{Quran|46|9}}|
Say: "I am no bringer of new-fangled doctrine among the messengers, nor do I know what will be done with me or with you. }}

===How did Abraham confront the idolaters?===

Destroys idols

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|58}}|
So he broke them to pieces, (all) but the biggest of them, that they might turn (and address themselves) to it. }}

Does nothing and goes away

{{Quote|{{Quran|19|49}}|
When he had turned away from them and from those whom they worshipped besides Allah, We bestowed on him Isaac and Jacob, and each one of them We made a prophet}}

===Can messengers perform miracles?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|29|50}}|
And they say: "Why are not miracles sent down to him from his Lord? Say: "The signs are only with Allah , and I am only a plain warner." }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|253}}|
We have made some of these apostles to excel the others; among them are they to whom Allah spoke, and some of them He exalted by (many degrees of) rank; and We gave clear miracles to Isa son of Marium, and strengthened him with the holy spirit. }}

===Are all messengers descended from Abraham?===

Yes
{{Quote|{{Quran|29|27}}|
and We established the prophethood and the Scripture among his seed. }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|36}}|
And verily We have raised among every people a messenger,
(proclaiming): Serve Allah and shun false gods. }}

===Was Abraham an idolator?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|135}}|
And they say, 'Be Jews or Christians and you shall be guided.' Say thou: 'Nay, rather the creed of Abraham, a man of pure faith; he was no idolater. }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|76}}|
When the night covered him over, He saw a star: He said: "This is my Lord." But when it set, He said: "I love not those that set."}}

===Was Noah banished or exiled by his people?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|54|9}}|
Before them the People of Noah rejected (their messenger): they rejected Our servant, and said, "Here is one possessed!", and he was driven out. }}

No, he regularly spoke to them

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|101}}|
Forthwith he (starts) constructing the Ark: Every time that the chiefs of his people passed by him, they threw ridicule on him. He said: "If ye ridicule us now, we (in our turn) can look down on you with ridicule likewise! }}

===Did Noah's son survive the great flood?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|76}}|
Remember) Noah, when he cried (to Us) aforetime: We listened to his (prayer) and delivered him and his family from great distress.}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|37|77}}|
And We made his offspring the survivors.}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|11|43}}|
The son replied: "I will betake myself to some mountain: it will save me from the water." Noah said: "This day nothing can save, from the command of Allah, any but those on whom He hath mercy! "And the waves came between them, and the son was among those overwhelmed in the Flood. }}

===Was Jonah cast on the shore?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|37|145}}|
Then We cast him on a desert shore while he was sick . }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|68|49}}|
Had not Grace from his Lord reached him, he would indeed have been cast off on the naked shore while he was reprobate }}

==Sex==

===Is adultery permitted?===

Here Allah tells unmarried Muslims they can't fornicate

{{Quote|{{Quran|24|33}}|
let those who cannot find a match keep chaste till Allah give them independence by His grace. }}

But here unmarried men are allowed to have sex with slaves they're not married to

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|24}}|
save those captives whom your right hands possess. It is a decree of Allah for you. }}

Same here

{{Quote|{{Quran|23|6}}|
(abstain from sex except) from their wives or the slaves that their right hands possess, for then they are not blameworthy, }}

===Can you commit incest?===

There's a double standard with Allah allowing the children of Adam to reproduce but disallowing it for later generations.

Here incest is forbidden

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|23}}|Prohibited to you (For marriage) are:- Your mothers, daughters, sisters; father's sisters, Mother's sisters; brother's daughters, sister's daughters; foster-mothers (Who gave you suck), foster-sisters; your wives' mothers; your step-daughters under your guardianship, born of your wives to whom ye have gone in,- no prohibition if ye have not gone in;- (Those who have been) wives of your sons proceeding from your loins; and two sisters in wedlock at one and the same time, except for what is past; for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful;-}}

Here Allah ordains mankind descends from Adam

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|172}}| And (remember) when thy Lord brought forth from the Children of Adam, from their reins, their seed, and made them testify of themselves, (saying): Am I not your Lord? They said: Yea, verily. We testify. (That was) lest ye should say at the Day of Resurrection: Lo! of this we were unaware; }}

===Is polygamy okay?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|3}}|
if ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly with the orphans, Marry women of your choice, Two or three or four; but if ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one, or (a captive) that your right hands possess, that will be more suitable, to prevent you from doing injustice. }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|129}}|
Ye will not be able to deal equally between (your) wives, however much ye wish (to do so). But turn not altogether away (from one), leaving her as in suspense. If ye do good and keep from evil, lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful. }}

==Women==

===Are men and women equal?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|195}}|
And their Lord hath accepted of them, and answered them: "Never will I suffer to be lost the work of any of you, be he male or female: Ye are members, one of another: Those who have left their homes, or been driven out therefrom, or suffered harm in My Cause, or fought or been slain,- verily, I will blot out from them their iniquities, and admit them into Gardens with rivers flowing beneath;- A reward from the presence of Allah, and from His presence is the best of rewards." }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|34}}|'''Men have authority over women because God has made the one superior to the other''', and because they spend their wealth to maintain them. Good women are obedient. They guard their unseen parts because God has guarded them. As for those whom you fear disobedience, admonish them and send them to beds apart and beat them. Then if they obey you, take no further action against them. Surely God is most high.}}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|228}}|Women who are divorced shall wait, keeping themselves apart, three (monthly) courses. And it is not lawful for them that they should conceal that which Allah hath created in their wombs if they are believers in Allah and the Last Day. And their husbands would do better to take them back in that case if they desire a reconciliation. And they (women) have rights similar to those (of men) over them in kindness, and '''men are a degree above them'''. Allah is Mighty, Wise. }}

===Can slander of chaste women be forgiven?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|24|5}}|
Unless they repent thereafter and mend (their conduct); for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|24|23}}|
Those who slander chaste women, indiscreet but believing, are cursed in this life and in the Hereafter: for them is a grievous Penalty,}}

==Qur'an==

===Who brought the revelation to Muhammad?===

Holy spirit

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|102}}|
Say, the Holy Spirit has brought the revelation from thy Lord in Truth, in order to strengthen those who believe, and as a Guide and Glad Tidings to Muslims }}

Angel jibreel

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|97}}|
Say (O Muhammad, to mankind): Who is an enemy to Gabriel! For he it is who hath revealed (this Scripture) to thy heart by Allah's leave, confirming that which was (revealed) before it, and a guidance and glad tidings to believers; }}

===Who is the intended audience of the revelation?===
Arabs

{{Quote|{{Quran|41|44}}|
Had We sent this as a Qur'an (in the language) other than Arabic, they would have said: "Why are not its verses explained in detail? What! (a Book) not in Arabic and (a Messenger an Arab?"
}}

All mankind

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|174}}|
O mankind! Now hath a proof from your Lord come unto you, and We have sent down unto you a clear light;
}}

Illiterate people

{{Quote|{{Quran|62|2}}|
It is He Who has sent amongst '''the Unlettered''' a messenger from among themselves, to rehearse '''to them''' His Signs, to sanctify them, and to instruct them in Scripture and Wisdom,-
}}

===How was the Qur'an revealed?===

Night

{{Quote|{{Quran|44|3}}|Lo! '''We revealed it (Quran) on a blessed night.''' Lo! We are ever warning}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|97|1}}|Lo! '''We revealed it (Quran) on the night of Power.'''}}

Month

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|185}}|The month of Ramadan is the month in which the Koran was sent down.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|6}}|And (it is) a Quran which we have divided (into parts), in order that you might recite it to men at intervals. '''And we have revealed it by stages'''}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|25|32}}|And those who disbelieve say: "Why is not the Quran revealed to him all at once?" thus, that you may strengthen your heart thereby. '''And we have revealed it to you gradually, in stages.'''}}

===Clarity of the Qur'an?===

Qur'an is clear to understand

{{Quote|{{Quran|11|1}}|
(This is) a Book, whose verses are made decisive, then are they made plain, from the Wise, All-aware:}}

Not clear

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|7}}|
He it is Who has sent down to thee the Book: In it are verses basic or fundamental (of established meaning); they are the foundation of the Book: others are allegorical. But those in whose hearts is perversity follow the part thereof that is allegorical, seeking discord, and searching for its hidden meanings, but no one knows its hidden meanings except Allah. And those who are firmly grounded in knowledge say: "We believe in the Book; the whole of it is from our Lord:" and none will grasp the Message except men of understanding. }}

Nobody's sure what the following verse means

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|1}}|
Alif. Lam. Mim. }}

===Is the Qur'an in pure Arabic?===

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|103}}|
We know indeed that they say, "It is a man that teaches him." The tongue of him they wickedly point to is notably foreign, while this is Arabic, pure and clear. . }}

No, Qistas (foreign word)

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|35}}|
Give full measure when ye measure, and weigh with a balance that is straight: that is the most fitting and the most advantageous in the final determination }}

No, al-sijjil (foreign word)

{{Quote|{{Quran|15|74}}|
And We turned (the cities) upside down, and rained down on them brimstones hard as baked clay }}

===Abrogation; does Allah change his words?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|115}}|
The word of thy Lord doth find its fulfilment in truth and in justice: None can change His words: for He is the one who heareth and knoweth all. }}

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|10|64}}|
For them are glad tidings, in the life of the present and in the Hereafter; no change can there be in the words of Allah. This is indeed the supreme felicity. }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|106}}|
None of Our revelations do We abrogate or cause to be forgotten, but We substitute something better or similar: Knowest thou not that Allah Hath power over all things?}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|101}}|
When We substitute one revelation for another,- and Allah knows best what He reveals (in stages),- they say, "Thou art but a forger": but most of them understand not. }}

==Miscellaneous==

===When did Pharaoh command killing of baby boys?===

When moses was a prophet

{{Quote|{{Quran|40|25}}|
And when he brought them the Truth from Our presence, they said: Slay the sons of those who believe with him, and spare their women. But the plot of disbelievers is in naught but error. }}

When moses was an infant

{{Quote|{{Quran|20|39}}|
Throw (the child) into the chest, and throw (the chest) into the river: the river will cast him up on the bank, and he will be taken up by one who is an enemy to Me and an enemy to him': But I cast (the garment of) love over thee from Me: and (this) in order that thou mayest be reared under Mine eye. }}

===How many Thamud killed the she-camel?===

One

{{Quote|{{Quran|54|29}}|
But they called to their companion, and he took a sword in hand, and hamstrung (her). }}

Several

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|77}}|
So they hamstrung the she-camel,}}

===Did Pagan Meccans get revelation before Muhammad?===

No

{{Quote|{{Quran|34|44}}|
But We had not given them Books which they could study, nor sent messengers to them before thee as Warners. }}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|10|47}}|
And every nation had a messenger}}

===Was the Pharaoh killed?===

No
{{Quote|{{Quran|10|90}}|We took the Children of Israel across the sea: Pharaoh and his hosts followed them in insolence and spite. At length, when overwhelmed with the flood, he said: "I believe that there is no god except Him Whom the Children of Israel believe in: I am of those who submit (to Allah in Islam)."}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|10|91}}|(It was said to him): "Ah now!- But a little while before, wast thou in rebellion!-and thou didst mischief (and violence)!}}

No
{{Quote|{{Quran|10|92}}|"This day shall We save thee in the body, that thou mayest be a sign to those who come after thee! but verily, many among mankind are heedless of Our Signs!"}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|102}}|Moses said, "Thou knowest well that these things have been sent down by none but the Lord of the heavens and the earth as eye-opening evidence: and I consider thee indeed, O Pharaoh, to be one doomed to destruction!"}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|103}}|So he resolved to remove them from the face of the earth: but We did drown him and all who were with him.}}

===How long did it take to destroy Aad tribe?===

One day

{{Quote|{{Quran|54|19}}|
For We sent against them a furious wind, on a Day of violent Disaster,}}

Several days

{{Quote|{{Quran|41|16}}|
So We sent against them a furious Wind through days of disaster, that We might give them a taste of a Penalty of humiliation in this life; but the Penalty of a Hereafter will be more humiliating still: and they will find no help. }}

A week

{{Quote|{{Quran|69|7}}|
He made it rage against them seven nights and eight days in succession: so that thou couldst see the (whole) people lying prostrate in its (path), as they had been roots of hollow palm-trees tumbled down! }}

===How many gods are there?===

One

{{Quote|{{Quran|40|62}}|
Such is Allah, your Lord. There is no God save Him, the Creator of all things, so worship Him. And He taketh care of all things.}}

Many

{{Quote|{{Quran|23|14}}|
Then fashioned We the drop a clot, then fashioned We the clot a little lump, then fashioned We the little lump bones, then clothed the bones with flesh, and then produced it as another creation. So blessed be Allah, the Best of creators! }}

Many

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|10|28|29}}|
One day shall We gather them all together. Then shall We say to those who joined gods (with Us): "To your place! ye and those ye joined as 'partners'" We shall separate them, and their '''Partners''' shall say: "It was not us that ye worshipped!" }}

More than 1 (note plural WE)

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|7}}|
And We sent not (as Our messengers) before thee other than men, whom We inspired. Ask the followers of the Reminder if ye know not? }}

Four (see [[Satanic Verses]])

{{Quote|{{Quran|53|19}}|
Have ye seen Lat. and 'Uzza }}

===How long to wean?===

30 months

{{Quote|{{Quran|46|15}}|
We have enjoined on man kindness to his parents: In pain did his mother bear him, and in pain did she give him birth. The carrying of the (child) to his weaning is (a period of) thirty months. At length, when he reaches the age of full strength and attains forty years, he says, "O my Lord! Grant me that I may be grateful for Thy favour which Thou has bestowed upon me, and upon both my parents, and that I may work righteousness such as Thou mayest approve; and be gracious to me in my issue. Truly have I turned to Thee and truly do I bow (to Thee) in Islam." }}

24 months

{{Quote|{{Quran|31|14}}|
And We have enjoined upon man concerning his partners - His mother beareth him in weakness upon weakness, and his weaning is in two years - Give thanks unto Me and unto thy parents. Unto Me is the journeying}}

===How many cardinal points does Allah have?===

Single

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|115}}|
To Allah belong the east and the West: Whithersoever ye turn, there is the presence of Allah. For Allah is all-Pervading, all-Knowing. }}

Double

{{Quote|{{Quran|55|17}}|
Lord of the two Easts, and Lord of the two Wests! }}

Many

{{Quote|{{Quran|70|40}}|
Now I do call to witness the Lord of '''all''' points in the East and the West that We can certainly-
}}

{{Core Scripture}}

==See Also==

{{Hub4|Contradictions and Errors|Contradictions and Errors}}
* [[Contradictions in the Qur'an (Response)]]

==External links==
*[http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Contra/ Contradictions in the Qur'an] ''- More contradictions in the Qur'an, Answering Islam''
*[http://www.1000mistakes.com/ 1000 MISTAKES.com] ''- Website dedicated to exposing mistakes in the Qur'an''
*[http://www.islam-watch.org/AbulKasem/quranic.contradictions/index.html A Guide To Quranic Contradictions] ''- By Abul Kasem, April 20, 2008''
*[http://www.islam-watch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=191:last-verse-of-the-quran&catid=68:mumin&Itemid=58 The Last Verse of the Quran That It Was Not] ''- Mumin Salih, Islam Watch, September 27, 2009''

[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Inconsistencies]]
{{page_title|Contradictions in the Qur'an}}

The Timeline of Muhammad

2016-02-05T11:28:38Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 137.186.58.150 (talk) to last revision by Axius

<center>''This [[Timelines|timeline]] lists the major events in Prophet [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] life. All dates are approximate''</center>

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width = "100%" class=wikitable
! width=55px | Date
! Event
! Description
|-
|570 AD
|Birth of Muhammad
|Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh is born in "the year of the Elephant". His father, ‘Abdu’llah ibn ‘Abdu’l-Muttalib, had died before his birth, and his mother, Amina bint Wahb, swiftly puts him into the care of a wet-nurse named Halimah.
|-
|575 AD
|Returned to mother
|Believing that the young Muhammad is possessed by a demon, Halima returns him to his mother.<ref>Guillaume, Alfred, ''The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah''. Oxford University Press, 1955. ISBN 0-1963-6033-1; p. 72.</ref>
|-
|577 AD
|Death of mother
|After his mother's death, Muhammad is taken in by his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib. And after his death, his paternal uncle, Abu Talib.
|-
|595 AD
|Marriage to Khadijah
|Muhammad marries his wealthy twice-divorced distant cousin, Khadijah, who later becomes his first follower. She had already borne two sons and a daughter from her previous marriages, and the union between her and the "insignificant" Muhammad is a controversial one which almost leads to bloodshed.<ref>LIFE OF MAHOMET. Volume II. Chapter 2,WIlliam Muir, [Smith, Elder, & Co., London, 1861], pg. 15-17 23-24</ref> ([[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid|''read more'']])
|-
|610 AD
|The first “revelation”
|Muhammad receives what he comes to believe is his first otherworldly visitation, which he later identifies with the angel Jibreel and a revelation from Allah. At first, he believes he may be possessed by a demon, and attempts to commit suicide, only to be stopped by the angel.<ref>"''...But after a few days Waraqa died and the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while and the Prophet (Mohammad) became so sad as we have heard that he intended several times to throw himself from the tops of high mountains and every time he went up the top of a mountain in order to throw himself down, Gabriel would appear before him and say, "O Muhammad! You are indeed Allah's Apostle in truth" whereupon his heart would become quiet and he would calm down and would return home. And whenever the period of the coming of the inspiration used to become long, he would do as before, but when he used to reach the top of a mountain, Gabriel would appear before him and say to him what he had said before.''" - {{Bukhari|9|87|111}}</ref>
|-
|613 AD
|Islam preached publicly
|For the first time, Muhammad begins to preach Islam publicly in Mecca. His preaching is met with skepticism, and he is accused of plagiarizing the “tales of the ancients”.<ref>"''Such things have been promised to us and to our fathers before! they are nothing but tales of the ancients!''" - {{Quran|23|83}}</ref> One of his most sternest of critics is his own uncle, Abu Lahab, who is cursed by name in the Qur'an.<ref>"...''The power of Abu Lahab will perish, and he will perish. His wealth and gains will not exempt him. He will be plunged in flaming Fire, And his wife, the wood-carrier, Will have upon her neck a halter of palm-fibre.''..." - {{Quran|111|1-5}}</ref> The Meccans ask for miracles, but Muhammad gives them none. ([[Muhammads Miracles|''read more'']])
|-
|615 AD
|Friction with the Quraysh
|Muhammad's "shameful" attacks<ref> Francis Edwards Peters, Muhammad and the Origins of Islam, SUNY Press, p.169</ref> on the native pagan beliefs causes friction between his followers and the Quraysh. Muhammad allows Muslims to leave Arabia for Abyssinia, while he chooses to stay behind and continue his preaching.
|-
|619 AD
|Khadijah's death
|The death of his wealthy and only wife Khadijah, is quickly followed by the death of his uncle and protector, Abu Talib. Not long after, he asks Abu Bakr for his six-year-old daughters hand in marriage.
|-
|619 AD
|The Satanic verses incident
|Muhammad finally acknowledges Allat, Manat, and al-Uzza, the goddesses of the pagan Meccans in a revelation. Upon hearing this, the Meccans are overjoyed. Later, following an alleged visit from the angel Jibreel, Muhammad recants and claims they were the words of the devil. ([[Satanic Verses|''read more'']])
|-
|620 AD
|Buraq and the Night Journey
|Muhammad reports that he had been carried to Jerusalem and then to Paradise on a mythological flying steed named Buraq,<ref>"...''Then a white animal which was smaller than a mule and bigger than a donkey was brought to me." (On this Al-Jarud asked, "Was it the Buraq, O Abu Hamza?" I (i.e. Anas) replied in the affirmative). The Prophet said, "The animal's step (was so wide that it) reached the farthest point within the reach of the animal's sight. I was carried on it, and Gabriel set out with me till we reached the nearest heaven.''..." - {{Bukhari|5|58|227}}</ref> and has met the other prophets. Over the sixth heaven, he meets Moses who weeps because there would be more Muslims in heaven than Jews.<ref>"...''When I left him (i.e. Moses) he wept. Someone asked him, 'What makes you weep?' Moses said, 'I weep because after me there has been sent (as Prophet) a young man whose followers will enter Paradise in greater numbers than my followers.'''..." - {{Bukhari|5|58|227}}</ref> ([[Buraq|''read more'']])
|-
|622 AD
|The Hijra
|Due to growing animosity between the pagan and Muslim Meccans, Muhammad and his followers flee to Medina, marking the beginning of the Hijra era of the Islamic lunar calender, and also paving the way for Muhammad's metamorphosis from a preacher to a political and military leader.
|-
|622 AD
|Marriage consummation with Aisha
|Muhammad consummates his marriage to Aisha, his nine-year-old bride. Originally when Muhammad had asked for Aisha's hand in marriage, her father, Abu Bakr, had protested.<ref>"''....The Prophet asked Abu Bakr for 'Aisha's hand in marriage. Abu Bakr said "But I am your brother."....''" - {{Bukhari|7|62|18}}</ref> ([[Aisha|''read more'']])
|-
|624 AD
|The Nakhla raid
|Muhammad orders the 7th Caravan Raid against the pagan Meccans, a raid which would mark the beginning of violence in the name of Islam. Taking place in one of the four holy months in which fighting was forbidden, the leader of the Meccan caravan is killed, and two others are taken captive.
|-
|624 AD
|The Battle of Badr
|Following the caravan raids, the Meccans decide to retaliate. Although they're vastly outnumbered, the Muslims defeat the pagan Meccans; killing at least seventy and capturing another seventy for ransom.<ref>"''....On the day (of the battle) of Badr, the Prophet and his companions had caused the 'Pagans to lose 140 men, seventy of whom were captured and seventy were killed.....''" - {{Bukhari|4|52|276}}</ref> Among the prisoners of war is Al Nadir, a storyteller and poet who had mocked Muhammad. Ali beheads Al Nadir on Muhammad's orders.<ref>Jake Neuman - [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=emyBulRLVjMC&pg=PT226&dq=By+God,+Muhammad+cannot+tell+a+better+story+than+I,+and+his+talk+is+only#v=onepage&q=By%20God%2C%20Muhammad%20cannot%20tell%20a%20better%20story%20than%20I%2C%20and%20his%20talk%20is%20only&f=false God of Moral Perfection; A Stark Message from God for All Mankind] - (2008) Blackwell, p. 211</ref> Muhammad also orders another twenty-four to be thrown into the well of Badr.<ref>"''....he [Muhammad] commanded more than twenty persons, and in another hadith these are counted as twenty-four persons, from the non-believers of the Quraish to be thrown into the well of Badr.....''" - {{Muslim|40|6870}}</ref>
|-
|624 AD
|Exile of the Jewish Qaynuqa
|Breaking an earlier treaty, Muhammad and the Muslims besiege the Jewish Qaynuqa tribe. Muhammad initially intends to execute all the males,<ref>Tabari, vol. VII, 86.</ref> but following an emotional plea from Abdullah bin Ubayy, he confiscates their property and exiles them from Medina.
|-
|625 AD
|The Battle of Uhud
|The second military encounter between the Meccans (led by Abu Sufyan) and the Muslims. Due to the Muslim focus on salvaging booty rather than victory,<ref>"''Allah did indeed fulfil His promise to you when ye with His permission Were about to annihilate your enemy,-until ye flinched and fell to disputing about the order, and disobeyed it after He brought you in sight (of the booty) which ye covet. Among you are some that hanker after this world and some that desire the Hereafter. Then did He divert you from your foes in order to test you but He forgave you: For Allah is full of grace to those who believe.''" - {{Quran|3|152}}</ref> this time the pagan Meccans defeat the Muslims of Medina, and Muhammad himself is hurt by an attack from Khalid ibin al-Walid.
|-
|625 AD
|Siege and exile of the Jewish Nadir
|The Muslim siege of the Jewish Nadir tribe lasts for two weeks, after which they surrender. Muhammad confiscates their weapons and exiles them from Medina.
|-
|627 AD
|The Battle of the Trench
|The Battle of the Trench was not a battle at all, but a fortnight-long siege. Having heard of the strength of the approaching Meccan army, Muhammad's companion, Salman the Persian, advises him there should be trenches dug around the northern front of Medina to prevent hostile Meccans from entering Muslim territory. Coming unprepared for a siege, the Meccan army retreat after two weeks.
|-
|627 AD
|The Genocide of the Jewish Qurayza
|Following the Battle of the Trench, Muhammad accuses the Jews of Banu Qurayza of betraying him. The women and young children who have not yet reached puberty are taken captive by Muslims to be sold in slave markets for horses and weapons,<ref>Haykal, Muhammad Husayn (Author). Al-Faruqi, Ismail Raji (Translator). (2002). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false The Life of Muhammad]''. (p. 338). Selangor, Malaysia: Islamic Book Trust.</ref> and all the males who have reached puberty are beheaded on Muhammad's orders.<ref>Tafsir Ibn Kathir - [http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=33&tid=41539 The Campaign against Banu Qurayzah]</ref> ([[Banu Qurayza|''read more'']])
|-
|628 AD
|The Treaty of Hudaybiyya
|Muhammad and his men attempt to make a pilgrimage to Mecca. His forces are met outside the city by the pagan Meccans. Muhammad and the pagan Meccans conclude the Treaty of Hudaybiyya, a ten-year truce.
|-
|628 AD
|The conquest of Khaybar
|Muhammad and the Muslims besiege the Khaybar oasis. The combatants killed, and the women and children allotted as booty. The Jewish leader, Kinana, is tortured and beheaded, and his young widow, Safiyah, is taken by Muhammad for himself. ([[Safiyah|''read more'']])
|-
|628 AD
|Poisoned at Khaybar
|Immediately following the conquest of Khaybar, Muhammad and his men are served a meal of poisoned lamb by a Jewish women named Zaynab bint al-Harith, causing him to fall ill. Muhammad questions her,<ref>"''The apostle of Allah sent for Zaynab and said to her, "What induced you to do what you have done?" She replied, "You have done to my people what you have done. You have killed my father, my uncle and my husband, so I said to myself, "If you are a prophet, the foreleg will inform you; and others have said, "If you are a king we will get rid of you.''" - Ibn Sa'd p. 252</ref> and then has her executed.<ref>"''...The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) then ordered regarding her [the Jewess] and she was killed...''" - {{Abudawud|39|4496}} and {{Abudawud|39|4498}}</ref>
|-
|630 AD
|The conquest of Mecca
|The Muslims conquer Mecca. Muhammad rides on camel-back to the Ka'aba, then starts reciting verses from the Qur'an, while his men remove and destroy everything they consider idolatrous from the Ka'aba. This is the first of many non-Muslim worship places to be forcibly converted into a mosque. ([[Worship Places Converted or Destroyed by Muslims|''read more'']])
|-
|630 AD
|Muhammad rules Arabia
|The Muslims prevail in the Battle of Hunayn against the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin and conquer Ta'if. In doing so, they capture huge spoils, consisting of 6,000 women and children and 24,000 camels. Muhammad is now the ruler of Arabia.
|-
|631 AD
|All Arabians submit to Islam
|Muhammad sends (the now converted) Khalid ibin al-Walid and other warriors to the remaining non-Muslim Arabian tribes, forcing them to accept Islam.<ref>Ibn Ishaq, 645-646</ref>
|-
|631 AD
|The Tabuk raid
|The expedition to Tabuk marked the first real act of aggression by the Muslims against Christians. Two/thirds of the Christian world would be conquered before the much belated and weak response of the crusades. By the time Muhammad arrives at Tabuk, the Byzantine troops have already withdrawn. However, the local Christian leaders are forced to pay Jizyah and submit to Islamic rule.
|-
|632 AD
|The Farewell pilgrimage
|After completion of the pilgrimage, Muhammad delivers his famous sermon which leads to the commencement of the conquests against the Christians and Zoroastrians. ([[Farewell Sermon|''read more'']])
|-
|632 AD
|Death of Muhammad
|Muhammad's last days are spent with Aisha in her house, where he continues to issue orders and curse the Christians and Jews.<ref>"''....Then he [Muhammad] ordered them to do three things. He said, "Turn the pagans out of the 'Arabian Peninsula; respect and give gifts to the foreign delegations as you have seen me dealing with them." (Said bin Jubair, the sub-narrator said that Ibn Abbas kept quiet as rewards the third order, or he said, "I forgot it.")''" - {{Bukhari|5|59|716}}</ref><ref>"''Narrated 'Aisha and Ibn 'Abbas: On his death-bed Allah's Apostle put a sheet over his-face and when he felt hot, he would remove it from his face. When in that state (of putting and removing the sheet) he said, "May Allah's Curse be on the Jews and the Christians for they build places of worship at the graves of their prophets." (By that) he intended to warn (the Muslim) from what they (i.e. Jews and Christians) had done.''" - {{Bukhari|4|56|660}}</ref> Slumped against her bosom,<ref>"...'''Aisha added: He died on the day of my usual turn at my house. Allah took him unto Him while his head was between my chest and my neck and his saliva was mixed with my saliva''..." - {{Bukhari|7|62|144}}</ref> he finally dies on the 8th of July. Ali (Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin) reports that Muhammad's penis was erect after his death.<ref>"''....Abulfeda mentions the exclamation of Ali, who washed his body after his death, "O prophet, thy penis is erect unto the sky!" (in Vit. Mohammed. p. 140).....''" - Edward Gibbon, [{{Reference archive|1=http://web.archive.org/web/20070417133412/http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/HTML.php?recordID=0214.09|2=2012-12-10}} "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire"], Vol. 9 Footnote 175</ref> ([[Muhammad's Death|''read more'']])
|}

==See Also==

{{Hub4|Timelines|Timelines}}
{{Hub4|Muhammad|Muhammad}}

{{Translation-links-english|[[La Linea Temporale di Maometto|Italian]]}}

==External Links==

*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.easyislam.com/chronology_of_events_in_the_life_of_muhammad.asp|2=2012-02-01}} Chronology of Events in the Life of Muhammad (P.B.U.H)] ''- Muslim site''

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Muhammad]]

WikiIslam:Frequently Asked Questions

2016-02-02T23:30:55Z

Axius: link to tasks page

{{shortcut|[[WIFAQ]]}}
==General Information==

===What is the purpose of WikiIslam?===

The purpose of WikiIslam is to provide an accurate and comprehensive resource on Islam.

===What is a wiki?===

A wiki is a website which anyone can edit using a web browser. This is different from conventional websites which can only be edited by their administrators who are using specialized web editing software. Content Management Systems that are not wikis are only managed by a small group of editors. A wiki puts any Internet user in the seat of a website administrator.

===What are the advantages of this site as compared to other sites about Islam?===

The biggest advantage is that anyone with access to the Internet can edit the website from their browser. You do not need to be a webmaster.

Other advantages over conventional websites would include the ability to keep our articles up-to-date and relevant regardless of when it was first created.

==Reliability==

===I'm looking for information on Islam. Is this the site to get it?===

Yes, if you are looking for factual information on Islam, this is the site to get it. If you have not found what you were looking for, you are welcome to make a request on the relevant [[WikiIslam:Discussions|Discussions]] page.

===Anyone can edit WikiIslam, so does that mean anyone can insert false information?===

No it does not. Like the German Wikipedia, all of our pages are under "[[WikiIslam:Pending Changes Protection|Pending-changes protection]]", meaning they are open for editing, but changes will only become visible to readers once they have been reviewed by a user with the appropriate access, known as a "reviewer", or by the administration. WikiIslam prides itself on being an accurate source of information on Islam. There is even a page dedicated to [[WikiIslam:Arguments Not To Use|arguments not to use]] on the website.

===WikiIslam is only a wiki and is biased. How can we trust its content?===

WikiIslam's focus on the criticism of Islam does not make us unreliable. The implementation of "Pending-changes protection" eliminates most of the common problems associated with wikis, and we also take great care in providing readers with copious references and footnotes that can be used to independently verify facts.

Concerning bias; if the references are reliable and presented correctly, the perceived bias of the site providing the information is irrelevant. Those who wish for others to dismiss the site by accusing us of bias are "attacking the messenger", a subdivision of the ad hominem logical fallacy.

There are countless individuals and websites that critique all forms of belief, but this does not lead to them being automatically labelled as unreliable. This is not always the case for those who choose to critique Islam. This is through no fault of our own, but the biases of the individuals who write us off as unreliable without ever analyzing our content. In most cases it would simply mean that you will have to look elsewhere for the positive aspects of whatever you are researching, however we actually host [[:Category:Pro-Islamic Content|pro-Islamic content]].

Conversely, apologetic sites are hardly a reliable source about Islamic beliefs. By their very nature, they are there to defend Islam from criticism, they are not there to reflect current Muslim thought on anything. They are just as guilty of bias as the sites critical of Islam are. For anyone to disparage a site critical of Islam, and then to present these sites as an alternative source for learning about Islamic beliefs, is extremely hypocritical.

If you are looking for accurate information on Christianity or Buddhism without the apologetics, you would not ask a Christian or Buddhist and you would not visit a biased pro-Christian/Buddhist website. Or, if you do, you would not limit your research to those few sources. The same principles apply to Islam.

===How do I know the content is factual?===

Facts concerning Islamic theology are supported by citing Islamic sources such as Qur'an verses, tafsirs, hadiths, and fatwas. If you believe something is factually inaccurate, please use the associated talk-page and let us know. Some examples of the types of sources we use are listed [[WikiIslam:Reliable_Sources#External_Links_to_Resources|here]].

===Someone found mistakes in one of your articles. How can I trust the rest of the site?===

WikiIslam hosts {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles written by various users. Anyone who claims they have found mistakes in one of our articles and therefore the rest of our site should be dismissed, is committing the logical fallacy of [[W:Poisoning_the_well|poisoning the well]]. Also note that [[WikiIslam:Essays/Op-Eds Disclaimer|essays]] do not necessarily reflect the views of WikiIslam.

We are receptive to criticism and appreciate the input of our readers because it only results in improving the site. So if you notice any errors please let us know via the associated talk-pages and we will put the article under review. Better still, if your aim is to provide us with constructive criticism, why not [{{fullurl:Special:Userlogin|type=signup}} create an account] and edit the page yourself?

==Sources Used==

===Does WikiIslam use polemic sources?===

No, we do not. Statements of fact concerning Islamic history and theology from polemic sources such as books, articles or commentaries by individuals such as Robert Spencer, Pamela Gellar, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Mark A. Gabriel, Wafa Sultan, Ali Sina, Walid Shoebat, Brigitte Gabriel etc., are not permitted under any circumstances as [[WikiIslam:Reliable Sources|references on WikiIslam]]. Editors are advised to remove any such statements immediately if they come across them.

===Does WikiIslam use fabricated sources?===

No, we do not. We use Islamic sources which are readily available, either on the net or through retailers. They are the same sources you will see being used and accepted by thousands of Muslim websites. Wherever possible, we link directly to these Muslim websites which, for example, host [{{Compendium-of-muslim-texts-base-url}}/quran/ Qur'an], [{{Compendium-of-muslim-texts-base-url}}/hadith/ Hadith], [http://www.islam-qa.com/en fatwa], [http://bewley.virtualave.net/Risalatitl.html fiqh] and [http://www.theholybook.org/content/section/1/2/ Tafsir] text.

===What Qur'an translation do you use?===

Unless otherwise stated, we use the respected and widely accepted translations of Yusuf Ali, Marmaduke Pickthal or M. H. Shakir. All Qur'an quotes are taken from the University of Southern California Muslim Students Association's [[Compendium of Muslim Texts]].

===Does WikiIslam misquote Qur'an verses?===

No, we do not. If a misquoted Qur'an verse is brought to our attention, we will correct it immediately. Most claims of "misquoted Qur'an verses" consist of an apologist using an obscure translation of the Qur'an and pointing out that our translation is different to theirs (e.g. see [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmybroadband.co.za%2Fvb%2Fshowthread.php%2F607524-I-am-islamophobic%3Fp%3D12428900%26viewfull%3D1%23post12428900&date=2014-04-07 here]). If someone fails to check the sources, they may assume that it is a misquotation on our part. However, it is us who are using the most widely accepted and established translations of the Qur'an (i.e. Yusuf Ali, Marmaduke Pickthal or M. H. Shakir).

===What Hadith translations do you use?===

Unless we have to translate an Arabic narration not yet available in English, it will generally be; the translation of Sahih Al-Bukhari by Muhsin Khan, the translation of Sahih Muslim by Abd-al-Hamid Siddiqui, the translation of Sunan Abu Dawud by Ahmad Hasan, and the translation of Malik's Muwatta by A'isha Abd-al-Rahman al-Tarjumana and Ya'qub Johnson. All are taken from the University of Southern California Muslim Students Association's [[Compendium of Muslim Texts]]. The English translations of Al Tirmidhi, Al Nasa'i, and Ibn Majah are all taken from Sunnah.com.

===Does WikiIslam use weak hadiths or quote partial hadiths out of context?===

No, we do not. The hadith collections used most often at WikiIslam form what is known as the "Authentic Six" i.e. the six canonical hadith collections of mainstream Islam. Bukhari and Muslim are labeled as entirely authentic (sahih). The others are from Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi, Nasa'i, and Ibn Majah. Malik's Muwatta' is also used and is placed just below the two Sahihs for its reliability, but is not generally included among the six. If available, when hadith from collections such as Nasa'i and Ibn Majah are quoted, the grading of its authenticity is also provided.

Hadith are never quoted out of context. They are almost always quoted in full. If a partial hadith is quoted, then it is only for the sake of brevity, and a verifiable online source is always provided to the full text. If a hadith is quoted out of context or is quoted in a way that obscures its actually meaning, we advise readers to bring this to our attention and we will promptly correct it.

It is ironic that those who make these false claims are usually the ones guilty of using weak hadiths or quoting partial hadiths out of context. We actually host many articles that deal with both of these issues (e.g. see [[List of Fabricated Hadith|here]], [[Misinterpreted Qur'anic Verses|here]] and [[Aishas Age of Consummation|here]]) and require editors to adhere to strict guidelines concerning [[WikiIslam:Reliable Sources|reliable sources]] and how they are [[WikiIslam:Citing Sources|cited]].
==Wikipedia and WikiIslam==

===Is WikiIslam a branch of Wikipedia or the Wikimedia foundation?===

No, we are not in any way related to or endorsed by these organizations. Our only commonality is our use of the same [http://www.mediawiki.org Mediawiki] software which is also used by many other wiki websites.

===Why should I choose WikiIslam over Wikipedia for information critical of Islam?===

The [[Islam Science and the Problems at Wikipedia|Jagged 85 incident]] is a good example of the problems faced by Wikipedia with respect to Islam-related articles. Jagged 85 was an editor who contributed to 8,115 separate articles with over 67,000 edits made over a period of 5 years until they were caught in 2010. Focusing efforts on improving the image of Islam and downplaying the achievements of the western world, for 5 years he/she was left largely unhindered, misrepresenting sources in various ways, misrepresentations which were then reproduced all over the net by other sites which use Wikipedia as a source.

Wikipedia's policies have also allowed for the use of some very suspect "reliable" secondary sources. A prime example of this would be Paul Vallely's "[[How Islamic Inventors Did Not Change The World|How Islamic inventors changed the world]]". And they also host a [[List_of_Fabricated_Hadith#Muhammad.27s_Farewell_Sermon|fraudulent farewell sermon]] which was created by an Indian/Pakistani author in the 80's simply because Muslims use it a lot for propaganda, but ignore the authentic version of the sermon found in Tabari.

As WikiIslam concentrates on only one subject, we host fewer articles than Wikipedia. This enables the community to fine-tune our articles to a much higher standard.

===How is WikiIslam different from Wikipedia?===

WikiIslam's primary focus is on the criticism of Islam while Wikipedia is a compendium of general knowledge. These differing goals have led to different policies and guidelines.

Wikipedia discourages the use of primary and "non-notable/reliable" sources. WikiIslam, on the other hand, encourages the use of authentic primary religious text and the rulings of authoritative Muslim scholars who may not be notable to people outside of the Muslim world but who are giants within.

Wikipedia focuses on "[{{Reference archive|1=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability,_not_truth|2=2012-02-10}} verifiability, not truth]". In essence, this means that anyone who falls under Wikipedia's classification of "notable/reliable" can make a statement about any subject, and regardless of its factual accuracy, it can be used in their articles. In regards to Islam, it has meant they accept what "notable/reliable" western commentators say about its religious text and Muslims over what the religious text and Muslims actually say themselves.

These commentators who speak about Islam and who fall under Wikipedia's classification of "notable/reliable" tend to be apologists, because serious scholars, for example; [[Videos_on_Islam:_Quran#Bart_Ehrman_Explains_Why_He_Doesn.27t_Criticize_the_Qur.27an|Bart Ehrman]], are too scared, of violence against themselves or of being accused of bigotry, to criticize anything Islam-related. Thus, Wikipedia often uses notable apologists like Karen Armstrong (who is not a qualified historian or Islamic scholar) whilst ignoring some giant figures from the Islamic world.

===What can I find at WikiIslam that I cannot find at Wikipedia?===

While Wikipedia can be a good starting point for general knowledge on Islam, a lot of content and information can be found here on WikiIslam that you would never find there. [[Muslim Statistics]], [[List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad]], [[Converts to Islam]], [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars|Quotations from Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars]], and [[List of Genuine Islamic Inventions Innovations Records and Firsts|List of Genuine Islamic Inventions, Innovations, Records and Firsts]] are just a few examples. For our most recent articles, see the [[WikiIslam:New Articles List|New Articles List]].

==About Us==

===Is WikiIslam Islamophobic, racist or a hate site?===

No, WikiIslam is not Islamophobic, racist or a hate site. To make such a claim requires [[W:special pleading|special pleading]]. If WikiIslam editors are labeled Islamophobes, racists and hate mongers, it is through no fault of their own, but the biases of the individuals who make these claims.

WikiIslam is not European or "Western", it is an international site with administrators, editors and contributors from all over the world, and the content and policies reflect this. The site does not have a left or right-wing political agenda, thus articles concerning immigration and other related issues are strictly prohibited. Consequently, readership is vast and not saturated by European or "Western" viewers.

Many of the site's administrators and editors are from a Muslim background and/or are skeptics from Muslim majority nations. The information on WikiIslam reflect what the religious sources say, so any negative or unflattering information in its articles concerning Islam or Prophet Muhammad are not the fault of editors. They are simply what the religious texts relate.

There are also many individuals and websites that critique all forms of beliefs, but this does not make them phobic, racist or hatemongers. For instance, Christians are the most widely persecuted religious group on earth, the majority of worldwide Christians are non-white, and Christianity is even sub-Saharan Africa's largest religion. This does not make criticism of Christianity or the actions and claims of its adherents, racist and phobic.

Everyone, without exception, is welcome to edit the main site content if they adhere to the policies and guidelines. And unlike most Muslim websites on the net, editors who would like to express an alternate point of view are welcome to create responses.

===Is WikiIslam a propaganda site?===

No, it is not. According to Wikipedia, propaganda is “a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position.” Sites which support women's rights, gay rights, refute Creationism or inform the public on matters concerning the science of Evolution would fit this definition. In fact any site with a point of view could be labeled with the “propaganda” tag, yet this is seldom the case.

===Is WikiIslam a right-wing or counter-jihad site?===

No, WikiIslam is not a right-wing or counter-jihad site. We do not endorse any particular political ideology. Thus, contributors to WikiIslam are from all positions of the political spectrum.

Also, according to Wikipedia, "Counter-jihad discourse mixes valid concerns about jihad-inspired terrorism with far more complex political issues about immigration to Europe from predominantly Muslim countries," and that "Bat Ye'Or's Eurabia [and other such conspiracy theories] are important to the movement. The main theme of these theories is an allegation that European leaders allow a Muslim dominance of Europe, whether by intention or not, through multicultural policies and lax immigration laws." WikiIslam does not cover political issues such as multiculturalism or immigration. Nor does it entertain related conspiracy theories such as Barack Obama being a secret Muslim.

===I've heard many good things about Islam. Why doesn’t this site talk about them?===

We do in fact have a [[:Category:Pro-Islamic Content|collection of articles]] that aim to provide you with a positive view of Islam. However, for reading and contributing exclusively pro-Islamic content please see the [http://muslimwiki.com/mw/index.php/MuslimWiki Muslim Wikipedia], where presenting alternate point of views are strictly prohibited.

===Was WikiIslam created by Christian missionaries?===

No. WikiIslam was founded by an atheist. However, in regards to the criticism of Islam, being called a "Christian missionary" is a common occurrence and always derogatory. The term is often used in debates as an ad-hominem to encourage Muslim listeners/readers to dismiss any valid points that may have been raised. It is often applied to critics regardless of their religious affiliation or occupation.

===Is WikiIslam owned by Jews?===

No.

===Is WikiIslam funded by Jews, and how much do they pay you?===

No. We are not funded by any individual or entity. However, we do accept donations. A record of all donations can be viewed [[WikiIslam:Join_Our_Team#Donations_Received|here]].

===Is WikiIslam pro-Israel?===

No. This is not a political wiki. We focus solely on Islam. Any such articles will be updated, [http://www.wikiislam.net/w/index.php?title=Videos_on_Islam:Israeli_Palestinian_Conflict&action=edit&redlink=1 deleted] or [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikiislam.net%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DWikiIslam%253ASandbox%252FIsrael_vs_genocide%26action%3Dhistorysubmit%26diff%3D65682%26oldid%3D51243&date=2012-09-06 removed] from the wiki mainspace.

===Is WikiIslam owned by Ali Sina or Faith Freedom International?===

No, we are not. WikiIslam was created on October 27, 2005 in collaboration with various individuals from [[Faith Freedom International]] who provided the site with server space, technical help and exposure. However, in August 2008, the site was moved out of FFI's server and since then we have been an independent site not owned by or affiliated with any organization.

===What is the religious persuasion of the contributors to WikiIslam?===

WikiIslam contributors come from all religious persuasions, including irreligious contributors of no faith. We do not endorse any religion, nor do we criticize any religion other than Islam. However, we do accept Evolution as a scientific fact.

==Content==

===Why are there spelling and grammatical errors in some articles?===

A lot of our articles have been written by former Muslims who speak English only as a second or third language. The correct use of grammar is important to us, so any corrections are appreciated.

===Why are there so few articles hosted on WikiIslam?===

Like most wikis, WikiIslam is always growing and we currently host {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. Many wikis use copies or modified versions of Wikipedia articles. However, as a general rule, we do not allow Wikipedia articles in any form. We aim to provide readers with unique content and believe quality over quantity is the best policy.

===Why do some pages not adhere to your policies and guidelines?===

Wiki sites are always evolving, so there may be a few things which do not completely adhere to our rules. We have updated or deleted a whole host of articles which were unsuitable for this site, and as time permits, more and more pages will closely reflect our policies and guidelines.

===I am a critic of Islam but I do not like some of the content on this website===

Criticism of Islam comes in many varieties. What one critic likes may not be liked by another critic. Nevertheless, content can usually be improved. If you have any constructive criticism please let us know on the relevant [[WikiIslam:Discussions|Discussions]] page or use the talk page of an article to provide feedback on it. Critics of Islam are encouraged to be accepting of differences of opinions, provide constructive criticism when possible and work together on common goals. However, inaccuracy of content falls outside the issue of "accepting differences of opinions" and will not be tolerated.

==Contributing==

===I think WikiIslam is great, so how can I help?===

Help is always appreciated and can come in various forms, including; new ideas, content-writing, data scanning and collection, translations, copy-editing, marketing and donations (see [[WikiIslam:Join_the_Team#Ways_To_Help|Ways To Help]] for more details).

===Can anyone create a login id and contribute to this website?===

Yes. Creating an account is free, allows you to remain anonymous and takes only seconds. You can also edit using an IP address but will have to enter an anti-spam CAPTCHA for every edit. [{{fullurl:Special:Userlogin|type=login}} Click here to create an account]. Before editing, please see our [[WikiIslam:Message to New Users|message to new users]].

===I want to create an article criticizing atheism, Christianity or Hinduism. Can I start one?===

No. We do not criticize any religion or world view other than Islam. Any such articles will be updated, deleted or removed from the wiki mainspace. However, we do accept Evolution as a scientific fact.

===I want to create an article proving Christianity or Hinduism is superior to Islam. Can I start one?===

No. We do not endorse any religion or world view. Any such articles will be updated, deleted or removed from the wiki mainspace.

We may, however, host articles refuting the more popular tu-quoque arguments and Islamic propaganda made against other faiths and world-views (for example; claiming Joseph, the husband of Mary, [[Joseph the Pedophile|was a pedophile]] so it excuses Muhammad's actions, or claiming Muhammad was predicted in [[Bhavishya Purana|Hindu scripture]] and [[Dasatir-i-Asmani|Zoroastrian scripture]]).

The fact that we have pages discussing Christian, Hindu and Zoroastrian scripture does not in any way make us pro-Christianity, Hinduism, or Zoroastrianism, because we are not endorsing any of these scripture as truth or better than the Qur'an. We are simply clarifying misconceptions which are spread by Muslims to endorse ''their'' religion.

===Can I write an article about Muslim immigration, multiculturalism, leftists or Barack Obama?===

No. This is not a "[[WikiIslam:Frequently_Asked_Questions#Is_WikiIslam_a_right-wing_or_counter-jihad_site.3F|counter-jihad]]" wiki. Our aim is to remain neutral towards issues of a political rather than religious nature. Any such articles will be updated, [http://www.wikiislam.net/w/index.php?title=Left-Islamist_alliance&action=edit&redlink=1 deleted] or removed from the wiki mainspace.

===I want to become an admin and open up my own language's sub-domain. Can I start one?===

We require about a front page's worth of translations (about 25-35 full-length articles, excluding humorous, links or media pages) before considering to launch a new sub-domain. More information about translations can be found at [[WikiIslam:Translations]]. Although WikiIslam's core principles will remain, once these initial translations are completed, the new sub-domains are free to evolve separately to the English site.

One of the key rules to follow when translating these pre-sub-domain articles is that they should always remain absolutely faithful to the original English work, retaining their scholarly tone and information. The reason for accurate translations to begin with is that it allows new editors in that particular language to understand the style, tone, and quality that is expected in all languages.

It also allows existing administrators to see if there are any users who would be suitable and willing to take on the responsibility of guiding the future direction of that sub-domain. To be an administrator at this site or one of its sub-domains, an editor must demonstrate that they fully understand and are willing to uphold the policies and guidelines concerning style, tone, and quality.

We take a scholarly and rational approach in our conduct and criticisms. We also differ from other sites in the fact that we have stringent rules concerning the content of our articles. Material should always be tailored to accommodate, as best as possible, a universal audience, and they should contain no politics, no promotion or criticism of other religions/worldviews and no opinions, only referenced facts.

Those who would like to see a WikiIslam sub-domain in their language are advised to join the [[WikiIslam:Discussions/Translation_Project|WikiIslam Translation Project]] and start translating articles.

===I want to donate to the site but have no PayPal account. Can you give me your postal address?===

No, for obvious reasons we cannot. If you would honestly like to help, please open a PayPal account or consider an alternative way to [[WikiIslam:Join the Team|support the site]].

===I know a great book/blog/website you could use to improve the wiki. What should I do?===

If you know of a resource that may be useful to editors at the wiki, then [[WikiIslam:Contact Us|contact us]] via email. If the resource is suited to the site, an administrator will make it known to editors. Although general comments and suggestions are welcome on the wiki's [[WikiIslam:Discussions/Visitor Inquiries|discussion page for visitors]], posting links to online books/blogs/websites may be construed as a form of promotion, so please do not post them there.

==Requests==

===Can someone do XYZ, create/edit an article for me?===

You can leave a request on the relevant [[WikiIslam:Discussions|Discussions]] page, but editors are already busy with existing [[tasks]], so you may have to do it yourself.

===Can someone join Wikipedia and help me by doing some work/voting over there?===

No, we are not a recruiting ground for Wikipedians.

===Muslims are claiming XYZ about Islam. Can I have some help refuting this?===

Such requests are better suited to the [http://forum09.faithfreedom.org/ FFI forum]. Open a thread under the [http://forum09.faithfreedom.org/viewforum.php?f=22&sid=d49039027d61629d68981293d3281497 Islam: Questioned, Defended, & Explained] or [http://forum09.faithfreedom.org/viewforum.php?f=21&sid=d49039027d61629d68981293d3281497 The Quran and Hadith] sub forums, and you should receive an answer. Informing us of a claim by posting links to them on our discussions page may be construed as a form of promotion or spam, so please do not do that. Instead you are welcome to [[WikiIslam:Contact Us|email us]] your queries.

==Vandalism and Security==

===Muslims openly discuss hacking/vandalizing the site, so is the content safe from their illegal activities?===

Yes. We are aware of the high risk of vandalism to this website and are prepared to effectively deal with any attempt to sabotage its content. In any case this is a wiki website, which means the website can always recover from any amount of vandalism. We also make regular data backups in multiple locations. We did lose 5 day's worth of edits in April 2007 after the server was hacked, but fortunately there was little editing that was done during those 5 days. This was the only time we have lost data.

===Why not disallow IP edits to minimize vandalism?===

The reasons are threefold:

*Our pages are under "[[WikiIslam:Pending Changes Protection|Pending-changes protection]]", meaning that all attempts at vandalizing the site are pointless because readers will never see any of it.
*IP editors have contributed some great referenced work to the site (for example, [[Health Effects of Islamic Dress]]).
*More often than not, IP vandals inadvertently contribute positively to the site. They do this by alerting editors of pages that may need to be improved or new pages that may need to be created. For example, [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikiislam.net%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DQuestions_to_Ask_a_Muslim%26action%3Dhistorysubmit%26diff%3D50196%26oldid%3D50068&date=2012-09-06 this bit] of vandalism resulted in an unreferenced page now being [[Questions to Ask About Islam|fully referenced]], and [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikiislam.net%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAisha%2527s_Age_of_Consummation%26action%3Dhistorysubmit%26diff%3D41569%26oldid%3D41361&date=2012-09-06 this bit] of vandalism resulted in an [[Aishas Age of Consummation|entire new page]] refuting a popular Muslim apologetic.

===WikiIslam advocates free speech but you are oppressing my right to free speech by blocking me. Why?===

WikiIslam does not advocate ''any'' political positions. WikiIslam consists of an online community whose rules you agree to abide by when ''voluntarily'' joining it. If those rules are broken (e.g. through vandalism and other forms of disruption) then you will be sanctioned (given a warning or blocked, depending on the situation). Outside of our policies, the only position we hold is that every individual, no matter their gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, nationality, religious beliefs or political views are equals and should be treated as such. This does not exempt any of the aforementioned groups from being required to adhere to the site's policies and guidelines.

===Why are you censoring me by deleting/wiping my comments or edits?===

WikiIslam does not "censor" people because it "has an agenda" or is "afraid of criticism", as has been suggested by some people. Unlike most pro-Islamic websites, we welcome an opposing view and actually host [[:Category:Pro-Islamic Content|pro-Islamic content]] and responses. It may be hard for a few individuals to comprehend our administrative actions but we will do our best to explain: take, for instance, the fact that removing pages about motor vehicles in a book about aircrafts is not censorship. Nor is removing/updating/revising inaccurate or inappropriate information from a text book.

Simply put; removing content that violates this website's policies is not censorship. If errors, incomprehensible English or bad formatting is inserted into our articles, we will revert them. If insults, threats and other forms of vandalism are inserted into our articles, we will wipe them from the pages' history. The same principle applies to talk pages. If people violate the talk page guidelines, post insults, off-topic rants or questions on talk pages, they will be deleted or wiped from the talk page's history (depending on the nature of the comment itself). These are straightforward and commonsense policies, and in no way can they be construed as "censorship" (at least not in the sense of how some are trying to portray it).

People are entirely free to voice their complaints or concerns about WikiIslam (this is why we provide an [[WikiIslam:Contact Us|email address]] for anyone who would like to contact us). However, we are not here to pander to time-wasters who disrupt our editors with inane questions in the name of "dialogue" or hypocritical vandals who almost always ''delete'' valid material while adding their own, by leaving their useless edits on display.

==Miscellaneous==

===Does WikiIslam claim that Taqiyya allows Muslims to lie whenever they want?===

No. Taqiyya does not mean "lying" in Islam. It only refers to a specific doctrine, a predominantly Shi'ite one, used by them in order to save their own lives or avoid some other form of severe persecution. Critics of Islam are often ridiculed because they tend to conflate this doctrine with that of lying in general, leading to the mislabelling of all forms of religious lying as an example of "taqiyya" (See, "[[Taqiyya]]" and "[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Lying and Deception]]" for more information on this subject).

===Islam has many sects and interpretations, so what definition of "Islam" does this site use?===

When anyone refers to "Islam" without providing a qualifier, it is widely understood to mean [[Sunni]] Islam. For example, the [[Five Pillars of Islam]] is a set of beliefs specific to the Sunnis, but it is never referred to as the "Five Pillars of ''Sunni'' Islam". This is no surprise, considering the Sunnis (which include the Salafis or "Wahhabis") account for up to 90% of all Muslims. It is the original Islamic sect that all other smaller and mostly irrelevant sects broke away from. And Sunni Islam itself is also known as "mainstream" and "orthodox" Islam. WikiIslam primarily focuses on aspects of Sunni Islam. When referring to the beliefs of a version of Islam other than the mainstream, orthodox version, we always make sure the readers know this by specifying the name of the sect or cult (e.g. Shi'ite, Qur'anist, etc.).

Concerning possible variances of interpretations within Sunni Islam, there are four mainstream [[Madh'hab|schools of thought]], which are accepted by one another. Although there are some small differences in beliefs, these are negligible since the schools generally agree on the more important issues (e.g. pedophilic marriages to young girls, the death sentence for apostates, the positive view of female genital mutilation, and so on). In any case, we use the majority views held by both the followers and fuqaha’ (scholars) of Islam. If a minority view is being quoted, the name of that particular Madh'hab will be provided. Some readers may find it worth noting that many consider the minority (or more pleasant) views to be irrelevant since those who hold them also accept the majority (or more unpleasant) views as perfectly acceptable.

===I have a complaint/concern/serious matter to discuss. What should I do?===

If you have a complaint, concern or some other serious matter you would like to discuss with us, please feel free to use the email address found [[WikiIslam:Contact Us|here]]. However, be aware that emails which contain death threats or insults will be ignored. Do not post complaints, concerns or other serious matters on the [[WikiIslam:Discussions|Discussions]] pages. That is not why they are there for. Those pages are there for friendly discussions between editors (or for general enquiries), and we will not tolerate users who attempt to disrupt or discourage our editors with their complaints. If you do decide to violate our site's policies by posting them in the wrong place, your complaint will be reverted/wiped from the page's history and you will risk being blocked from further editing.

==See Also==

* [[WikiIslam:Core Principles]]
* If you have any other questions, leave a message at the relevant [[WikiIslam:Discussions|Discussions]] page.

[[Category:WikiIslam]]
[[Category:Policies and Guidelines]]
__NOEDITSECTION__

WikiIslam:Discussions/Visitor Inquiries

2016-02-02T23:30:27Z

Axius: /* What about more "responses to apologetics" ? */

{{Template:Discussions}} [[Category:Help Pages]]
'''''This page is for inquiries from visitors concerning the wiki itself, not for general questions about Islam. All new discussion topics should be created at the bottom of the page, below all previous discussions, and all messages should comply with [[WikiIslam:Talk Pages|talk page guidelines]].'''''


==Donations==

Terrific job guys -- keep up the good work. Do you have a donate button? Haqir
:Welcome Haqir and thanks! Yes we do. You can find it [[WikiIslam:Join_Our_Team#Donations|here]] --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] 00:12, 26 October 2011 (PDT)

== Link ==

Can someone give this link a good home? [http://www.islam-watch.org/iw-new/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=259:sexual-slavery-and-concubinage-in-islam&catid=111:fakhour&Itemid=58 Islam-Watch.org:sexual-slavery-and-concubinage-in-islam ]
:Done. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] 08:50, 28 November 2009 (PST)

==Help==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justification_of_Terrorism_in_Islam

Some muslims i think are trying to Delete this article. because it shows what islam really teaches

Please help me.

go here, which is a the place to discuss wether the article should be deleted or not.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Justification_of_Terrorism_in_Islam

and '''write keep in the discussion'''. So it doesnt get deleted.

Also pelase dont act islamphobic over there. Because you know wikipedia sucks up to Islam/ and if you cant islamaphobic it will be deleted. {{unsigned|86.18.223.124}}
:There's no such thing as Islamophobia, but I know what you mean. The problem is that there are active dawa teams over on WikiPedia - at least two that I know of; the Sunni side and the Shia side. Their main purpose is to keep the wiki articles over there presenting Islam in the best possible light. Of course the minor goal of each team is to present themselves as the "right sect" and the others as "wrong"; so at any given time, depending on who edited last (Sunni/Shia) then the Sunni's are the minority who are going to burn in hell, or vice versa. So I understand the problem you are having; and that is the REASON why WikiIslamn was created in the first place, due to frustration of editors because legitimate content would keep getting removed because of these teams and also the dhimmi ignoramuses.

:But hey, thanks for calling us "islamophobes" - really appreciated (NOT). [[User:Sanitarium|Sanitarium]] 20:27, 14 November 2009 (PST) 

== Question about Koran Translations online ==

I hope this is the right place to pose a question.

I have decided to devote some time every day to reading the koran hadith et all.

1 I have read here that many translations have been whitewashed. Is there an accurate translation online I can access?

2 I have found a site that seems good (it is by and for muslims and has mulitple translations by Ahmed Raza Khan (Mohammed Aqib Qadri), Yusuf Ali and Pickthal. These translations of each line are presented side by side. There is another site with a translation by H M Shakir

But before I devote time to reading from these sites-

a) It is said that the Koran is arranged in "order" from largest chapter to shortest. But on the site I found that isn't a smooth shift from most verses to least verses. This is what I mean:
Chap 5 120 verses
chap 6 165 verses
chap 7 206 verses
chap 8 75 verses
chap 9 129 verses
chap 10 109 verses

And so on. What I Really need to know is- '''Are there verses being intenionally left out in these translations?''' Or is it amount of words per chapter only, not number of verses that determines the length?
:This page is for issues about anything on WikiIslam, not general Islam stuff. This is the right place ,the FFI forum -> [http://forum09.faithfreedom.org/viewforum.php?f=21]. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] 15:46, 11 January 2011 (PST)

== IRC?==

Have you considered opening a chat room like #wikiislam on irc.freenode.net where dialogue can occur between skeptics and Muslims in chat? --[[User:Sonja|Sonja]] 20:59, 28 January 2011 (PST)
:That would be nice but there's only a few of us regular editors here and we dont have the time to chat or moderate chat. People are asked to go to forums on other websites. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] 21:05, 28 January 2011 (PST)

== Jannah ==

I can't seem to find an article specifically on paradise - there's one for Jahannam but not for Jannah. I know the site's purpose is to criticize Islam but I think a pretty good case can be made against the Islamic heaven (sex slavery, no broadband etc.). I'm not a scholar of Islam so I'm reluctant to start one myself. -[[User:Orange124|Orange124]] 10:39, 2 June 2011 (PDT)

:Yeah, ATM we do have some articles related to heaven (72 virgins etc.) and a lot of primary sources ([http://www.wikiislam.net/wiki/Heaven here]) but we have no main/general article discussing everything. I'll add it to our to-do list. Thanks! --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] 10:42, 2 June 2011 (PDT)

==Any interest in project to categorize the koran verses for sql database?==

i've described it at FFI forum post & currently just getting started

http://forum09.faithfreedom.org/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=10270

one approach would be for me to post an article with all the koran verses & initial category assignments (or something i'm new at this wiki stuff) and let people edit the verses to assign categories, then download the article & use as new data for the sql queries

defining the categories & assigning them to the verses is a very open ended task and can be done ranging from simple (a flat category structure & maybe a dozen categories) to complex (a 10 level category tree with 100s of categories)

for me the appeal is having functionality to query the verses based on categories, like - show all verses with categories = violence against unbelievers, show all verses with categories = theology and legal (or however the lack of seperation church/state is represented in the cats)

just having a list of verses & categories is nice but not sure how useful this list is unless can query or show them somehow. example website with verses categorized is the skeptics etc
http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/Quran/

thanks
:Hi Ecks, thanks for your reply to my message on the FFI forum about that post you linked. The main problem is that there arent many editors on this site, its just me and Gabe right now and we dont have any time to work on this, so you'll have to do everything yourself but we can guide you. On the wiki you can make pages and links and tables and so on. There arent any database functions. 6000 verses means it will be a huge project for one person
:I saw the site you linked in your reply [http://www.cspipublishing.com/statistical/index.html], the graphs look good.
:We can teach how to make Wiki pages and edit here, and answer your questions, but basically you're on your own and you'll have to judge if what you want to do can be wholelly or partially achieved on this site. You can tell us what features you need and we can tell what is possible here and you can see if it will meet your needs. This wiki atmosphere is text based: links between pages, images, tables (sortable) etc. -- [[User:Axius|Axius]] 17:27, 26 July 2011 (PDT)
::Hi Axius - ok i will just continue as planned & when i get closer to being finished then explore posting more info here at wikiislam. it's clearly possible to do a flat category structure just using html & links into koran verses (thats what the skeptics site does) but i wanted more than that :) which is why i'm planning for sql. automating all that page creation is the way to go, some jscript to read the sql data & emit the html pages, then just upload them etc
:::Ok sounds good. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] 16:25, 27 July 2011 (PDT)

this project fizzled out. i learned alot but not worth the effort to finish, see the post mortem notes at FFI link about. i guess this whole entry can be deleted ?
--[[User:Ecks why|Ecks why]] 14:07, 5 September 2011 (PDT)
:Thats ok, this will be archived when the we archive all the sections on this page. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] 14:44, 5 September 2011 (PDT)

::Terrific idea. Should be done sometime. -Haqir

== WikiIslam run by the same guy?==

I notice this website is neutral to biased against islam.
Is this website writen by many christians?
As the christianwiki, is definately extremely pro christian biased. —The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:60.242.71.160|60.242.71.160]] ([[User talk:60.242.71.160|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/60.242.71.160|contribs]]) {{#if:04:19, 13 March 2012| on 04:19, 13 March 2012|}} 

:This wiki is an independent one, so if you're trying to suggest there is some sort of connection with this site to other wikis, you'd be wrong. Doing a quick Google search, I found that there is a [http://wikichristian.org/index.php/Main_Page WikiChristian], and they are pro-Christian. It would be, considering it is obviously owned by a Christian and they make this clear by having a "Statement of Faith" and the first words you read on the main page is "Welcome to WikiChristian! God bless you."

:The owner of WikiIslam is atheist, and the majority of editors/contributors are either atheist or agnostic. There are also Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim and Zoroastrian editors/contributors. But seriously, how is the religious affiliation of editors a concern for anyone? The wiki is open to all critics so long as they adhere to our policies and guildlines. If their personal beliefs go against TOE, which the site supports, it's not our concern, and we're not in the habit of interrogating our editors and contributors.

:BTW, that has been covered in our FAQ already ([http://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Frequently_Asked_Questions#What_is_the_religious_persuasion_of_the_contributors_to_WikiIslam.3F Link]). --[[User:Sahabah|Sahabah]] 04:59, 13 March 2012 (PDT)

::User60.242.71.160, apparently you have inspired one of your co-religionists to post a Yahoo!Answers [http://archive.is/http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20121209052050AAXMKca question] titled, "Why is WikiIslam run by the same guy who runs WikiChristian?"

::This is a great display of how morally bankrupt pious Muslims can become. Deciding to fabricate a lie in an attempt to discredit the site (in a similar vein to how they tend to scream "[[Glossary_of_Islamic_Terms#C|Christian Missionary]]" at everyone, regardless of the critic's beliefs or occupation).

::He claims, "Just a whois lookup gave it away". But, as the Yahoo!Answers user named Anjali helpfully pointed out in reply to this Muslim, the whois lookup shows nothing of the sort. WikiChristian.org/com etc., is run by [http://archive.is/http://www.whoisxy.com/t3resultpage.aspx?type=domain&q=wikichristian.com&rid=239521 an individual from India], WikiIslam's [http://archive.is/http://www.whoisxy.com/t3resultpage.aspx?type=domain&q=wikiislam.com&rid=239522 registration is private] (clearly this apologist is one of the [[Muslim Statistics (Education and Employment)|many illiterate people]] who follow Islam). --[[User:Sahabah|Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 21:55, 9 December 2012 (PST)
:::Just for the record, in his continuing campaign to spread lies about WikiIslam, the same Muslim has opened [http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20121213004152AApgYUt another question] on Yahoo!Answers. This time he's claiming we are an Islamic site, but we called him a "moron" for his imaginary edits on an article related to science and banned him. Any user/reader here can check our related talk pages, edit summaries and block logs. Doing so would reveal that this claim is false. We expect editors to be civil to one another on this site. Calling another editor (Muslim or non-Muslim) a "moron" would in itself earn you a ban here. Oh, and we know this Y!A member reads our forum messages, so just for his benefit, science does not say [[Creation_of_Humans_from_Clay#The_Scientific_Hypothesis|man was created ''from'' clay]]. --[[User:Sahabah|Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 14:42, 20 December 2012 (PST)

== History of Jihad ==

WHY was the HISTORY OF JIHAD section removed? (anon IP)
:The HOJ series of articles was removed due to multiple reasons, one of them being use of inappropriate language and text that was not suitable for this site (specific quotes can be provided if needed). There were also no inline citations that would confirm the validity of what was being said (this is a core policy for our articles). There is also no known authorship. In other words, we don't know who wrote it. HOJ was imported to this site a long time ago and that time we had little content and no policies. HOJ used to exist on its own site [http://www.historyofjihad.org] but it looks like its offline right now. Here's one copy ---> http://islam-watch.org/HistoryOfJihad/index.html --[[User:Axius|Axius]] 13:19, 24 March 2012 (PDT)
::Anon will probably never see this message, but the History of Jihad site is back up. --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 03:05, 2 August 2012 (PDT)

== Arabic word nikah ==

IS there a page regarding the details of arabic word nikah , which means "sexual intercourse" ? and why quran uses that word for marriage in several passages ?

:Hi anon. No, we haven't at the moment, but it's on our very log to-do list. You may be interested in [http://www.translatingjihad.com/2011/03/update-fatwa-it-is-permissible-to-have.html?showComment=1299979475816#c4843074915730208352 these comments/posts] by Greenforest that covers the meaning of nikah. --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 23:27, 14 June 2012 (PDT)

== Mirror? ==

This site is blocked in some countries; any chance of creating a mirror that might allow direct access without having to use a proxy service?
:The mirror would probably also be blocked eventually. They'll have to use proxy or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_%28anonymity_network%29 TOR]. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 04:57, 20 June 2012 (PDT)

== First article page created. Now I have questions ==

I've created my first article here (http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Quranic_Error:_Mary,_the_mother_of_Jesus_or_the_sister_of_Moses%3F)

Since I'm new to wiki editing, I was wondering if someone could see if i've used the guidelines and standardization in the correct way so far. Just a little test to see if I'm on the right track. I definately do not want to pollute this website.

Also I have this question: What do I do when an article is not finished? For now I have the words "Under Construction" at the top of the article. But this is sort of a work around. I haven't found a way to work on the article offline so that it can be published only when its finished. So I was forced to save the page and make it clear that it's still under construction. But perhaps there is a more conventional way to deal with these situations?

Also, feel free to, if you're a native English speaker, fine tune my English here and there. Since English is not my first language, I doubt at times whether my style is recognizable and not too 'Dutch', if that makes sense. [[User:Truthseeker|Truthseeker]] ([[User talk:Truthseeker|talk]]) 12:38, 30 July 2012 (PDT)

: I've added the "under construction" template to the page (to do this, just add ''<tt><nowiki>{{Underconstruction}}</nowiki></tt>'' to the top of any page). As long as that is placed on the page, it is fine. So don't feel that you have to rush yourself.

: I'm wondering, how many articles do you have to import? I think it's best if we wait for you to finish importing them all and then add them to the new articles list as a complete series (we can give them their own "front page" [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Parallelism_Between_the_Qur'an_and_Judeo-Christian_Scriptures like here], and of course you can continue adding new pages to it).

: You will also notice that I've moved the page to a title without any special characters (taking out these ''': , ?'''). This is because those characters tend to break incoming links. We get around it by adding this template at the bottom: ''<tt><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Qur'anic Errors: Mary, the Mother of Jesus or the Sister of Moses?}}</nowiki></tt>'' --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 04:43, 31 July 2012 (PDT)

:: I have only a few. I was hoping others could pick up the series. But I now think it's best to not use numbers for episodes. But like you said, after we have a few the articles they can be added to lists. I'm not as fast as I would be in Dutch, so it may take some time to finish the articles.[[User:Truthseeker|Truthseeker]] ([[User talk:Truthseeker|talk]]) 12:16, 31 July 2012 (PDT)

== Whoops! All Quran quotes fail ?? ==

It seems that the cmje.org website you refer to for Quran quotes is offline. Is this temporarily or should we start looking for a different Quran-quote template?
:Yea you're right its offline. I've written to the website owners and asked if its going to be back up. Otherwise there were some duplicate copies of that website on other places the last time I checked and we can switch. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 21:12, 30 July 2012 (PDT)
::Looks like they got the site back up: http://cmje.org/ . --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 10:15, 1 August 2012 (PDT)
:: It looks like it's down. --[[User:Paul99|Paul99]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 5:18, 27 August 2014 (CMT)
:::They have been using another url: http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/quran/ They went from usc.edu to Cmje.org and then back to usc.edu. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 01:37, 28 August 2014 (PDT)

== Assisting more experienced article writers ==

I have a question.

I'm sure there are men and women here with alot of academic experience who have started to write on extensive complex articles.

Would it be an idea that perhaps less experienced editors could assist in doing some of the research work or doing some standardization work for them? This could save the experienced ones alot of time.

I myself would like to volunteer to be one of those assistance if anyone feels they require help with their article.

Just throwing it out there.
[[User:Truthseeker|Truthseeker]] ([[User talk:Truthseeker|talk]]) 12:19, 31 July 2012 (PDT)

:Thanks for the offer! Much appreciated. I'm not aware of anything at the moment, but will let you know. There's always something on the [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Tasks tasks page] if you find yourself at a loss for something to do (but note that some of the tasks may be out of date, so it would be best to check with us first). --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 05:27, 1 August 2012 (PDT)

== It is possible to have sex with a death woman in Islam. ==

I just red on line what Saturday, 28 April 2012 the Al Arabia News wrote ( a newspaper owned by the Saudi king).
Egypt's women urge MPs not to pass early marriage, and sex-after-death laws. If they pass the law, it will allow men to have sex with their own wife up to 6 hours after her death. The women are anyway just object there, that law would show even more how disturbed their mind is. Please people give some good idea where can I make people aware about this disgusting thing in the media. I don't see any problem if this will bring more tension between Muslims and non Muslims if that is a fact.—The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Szultan44|Szultan44]] ([[User talk:Szultan44|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Szultan44|contribs]]) {{#if:10:54, 11 August 2012| on 10:54, 11 August 2012|}} 

:Hi Szultan44. Such questions are better suited to the [http://forum09.faithfreedom.org/ FFI forum]. Open a thread under the [http://forum09.faithfreedom.org/viewforum.php?f=22&sid=d49039027d61629d68981293d3281497 Islam: Questioned, Defended, & Explained] or [http://forum09.faithfreedom.org/viewforum.php?f=21&sid=d49039027d61629d68981293d3281497 The Quran and Hadith] sub forums, and you should receive an answer. --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 13:35, 11 August 2012 (PDT)

== My article still under construction ==

My article http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Refuting_Apologists_Jews_Christians_and_Sabiens_can_go_to_heaven still have under construction template. Why ? —The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Azdahaexm|Azdahaexm]] ([[User talk:Azdahaexm|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Azdahaexm|contribs]]) {{#if:05:00, 3 September 2012| on 05:00, 3 September 2012|}} 

:Hi Azdahaexm. It's not ready. I haven't got around to fixing the formatting etc., yet. I'm snowed-under trying to keep the other pages up-to-date. There are also a few points I would like to add to the article. I'm sorry that it's not on our new articles list yet, but the important thing is that it's here and should eventually be added. I hope you don't mind the delay too much. --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 07:09, 3 September 2012 (PDT)

::Thanks friend. No I didn't mind at all. Infact I have done some more changes. thanks --[[User:Azdahaexm|Azdahaexm]] ([[User talk:Azdahaexm|talk]]) 11:05, 4 September 2012 (PDT)
:::Hi Azdahaexm. The article has now been added. --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 04:46, 11 September 2012 (PDT)
::::Thank you so much

== Underline in editor ==

I couldn't find "underline" option in Editor. Is is possible to add that ? --[[User:Azdahaexm|Azdahaexm]] ([[User talk:Azdahaexm|talk]]) 11:46, 4 September 2012 (PDT)

:I'm sure Axius could add that if need be, but (with the exception of our very own Prophet [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Farsideology Farside]) we don't really use underline in articles. We usually stick with using bold within quotes or otherwise italics for emphasis. --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 12:57, 4 September 2012 (PDT)

:: LOL@Prophet Farside... I also sometimes need underline . Sometimes I have to bold the complete statement but to give more emphasize on certain words in the whole statement so I use underline for that. --[[User:Azdahaexm|Azdahaexm]] ([[User talk:Azdahaexm|talk]]) 13:30, 4 September 2012 (PDT)

:::Oh, cool. You could try adding italics to the bolded text like this:

:::{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|92|399}}| Narrated Anas bin Malik: Allah's Apostle said, "People will not stop asking questions till they say, 'This is Allah, the Creator of everything, '''then ''who'' created Allah?''' "}}

:::How's that? --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 13:41, 4 September 2012 (PDT)

:::: Thanks, yes i already did that , if you read my article, in commentary of "Biyanul Quran" I have italicized some words in the beginning. But I think underline will be better. :)

:::::Sorry. I hate saying no but I'll have to here. :( It's to keep our pages consistent in style and content (I think the underlining of text was seen as being messy and hard on the eyes). WikiIslam hasn't used underline in it's pages since 2006 (long before I ever made my first edit or even heard of the site). --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 02:13, 5 September 2012 (PDT)

:::::: I was about to say the same that if it goes against the standard or looks messy then there is no need to add it. - {{unsigned|Azdahaexm}}
:::::::Wikipedia has an Underline template [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Underline], which interestingly is not used much [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AWhatLinksHere&limit=500&target=Template%3AUnderline&namespace=0]. On their manual of style it [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting#How_not_to_apply_emphasis says] ''"Underlining is used in typewriting and handwriting to represent italic type. Generally, do not underline text or it may be confused with links on a web page."'' (the links issue is also what I agree with too), so yes we're OK as we are without it. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 17:12, 5 September 2012 (PDT)

== Appropriate to refute Quranists ? ==

As we all know there is an emerging sect that claim to follow ONLY QURAN [Quranists]. Although there are many many refutations to Quranists for their claim that hadiths are not part of Islam or Quran was the only revelation but one of the most well documented and precise is at www.call-to-monotheism.com [islamic apologetic website]. Is it appropriate to create pages using this work to refute claims of Quranists ? I mean such kind of articles are appropriate for wikiislam ? --[[User:Azdahaexm|Azdahaexm]] ([[User talk:Azdahaexm|talk]]) 00:56, 8 September 2012 (PDT)

:We focus on mainstream Islamic beliefs but we do have one page dealing with Qur'anists [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Qur'an_Only_Islam_-_Why_it_is_Not_Possible here]. I guess you could expand the information on that page, but I don't see the need for more pages on the same thing. We also have to be careful that we do not plagiarize other's work. Taking ideas from them is fine but it cant be the same. Funny thing about Qur'anists is that I was a Muslim most of my life and have never met one. You cant escape their babble on the internet but they hardly seem to exist in the real world. One of life's great mysteries.:)

:On another note, I wanted to ask you is there a reason you use the Sahih International translation? We like to use either Yusuf Ali's, Marmaduke Pickthal's or M. H. Shakir's translations from the [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Compendium_of_Muslim_Texts Compendium of Muslim Texts]. Would it be okay for me to change the Qur'an translations on the article to one of these? --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 03:49, 8 September 2012 (PDT)

:: Hahaha, you are right, but i have two of my cousins who are quranists, anyways , i will see what i can add to the page you have posted. About translation , there is no special reason to use Sahih International's quran except it is easily accessible via links like http://quran.com/1/1 and it is very close to the word to word provided by [http://corpus.quran.com Corpus Quran]. Feel free to change translations, I will keep this in mind and will use the above mentioned translations in future and I will change translations for my current article. Thanks --[[User:Azdahaexm|Azdahaexm]] ([[User talk:Azdahaexm|talk]]) 10:40, 8 September 2012 (PDT)

== Muhammad and his Wives ==

I think this article is probably ready to go live.

There are still a couple of references missing, but I think we have reached the stage where it is not worth delaying publication over them. I will add those references as I locate them.

I may also want to add a couple of small details in the future, but they will not change any major argument or even the flow of a paragraph. They are just details that add life to the character portrayals, but so far I have only read them in secondary (or tertiary or quaternary...) sources.

I suspect my page on Khadija can now replace the existing page on Khadija, and my introductory page, which includes a link to a list of Muhammad's unconsummated marriages, can replace the existing "List of Muhammad's Wives and Concubines".

My pages on Safiya and Mariya should not replace the existing pages, as the latter are analytical articles, whereas my pages are biographies. However, I have added links for further reading.[[User:1234567|1234567]] ([[User talk:1234567|talk]]) 21:23, 20 October 2012 (PDT)
:Great. As I mentioned previously, Axius will have to read through it before adding it. He's going to be busy for the next week or so and won't be logging in very often, so it will probably be after that. If it was a normal article, I could have done it but this is a massive addition. --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 02:55, 21 October 2012 (PDT)

== New Editor ==

Hi,

I'm a new editor, I wish to contribute my articles on Islamic miracle claims to this site. How do I get about doing this?

[[User:Nahar Varma|Nahar Varma]] ([[User talk:Nahar Varma|talk]]) 04:15, 10 December 2012 (PST)

:Welcome to WikiIslam! Nice to have you here. If you want to work on an article from scratch, you can click this link: [[User:Nahar Varma/Sandbox]]. If you have an article already written, you can go to [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Help:Contents#How_to_Create_a_New_Page this page] and enter the desired page title into the box, then press the "Create page" button. Be sure to add this template to the top of the page while it is formatted etc: <nowiki>{{Underconstruction}}</nowiki>. I will leave our welcome template on your user-talk page because it contains a lot of useful links to help you get the hang of wiki editing, but feel free to ask for additional assistance when needed.--[[User:Sahabah|Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 04:29, 10 December 2012 (PST)
::hi Nahar, good to see you here. I'm the person who responded to your email. Nahar had sent the following email ([http://www.debunkingbucailleism.blogspot.com blog]):

{{Quote||Hello,

I am interested in studying different religions, although personally I'm not religious; I am a Deist.
I came across scientific miracle claims in the Qur'an in early 2011. I soon came across your website,
and inspired by it, I have started my own blog refuting the claims of Islamic Bucailleists: www.debunkingbucailleism.blogspot.com

The articles refuting miracle claims are very good, but there are too few of them, hence I'd like to contribute.

Sincerely,
Nahar Varma}}

::Nahar, today I'll go over your site and then comment here.--[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 05:25, 10 December 2012 (PST)
:::Ok, Nahar, I guess you will have to go over [[Islam and Science]] yourself and see if your arguments are already present there or in one of the sub-articles. You would start from your first article (written in September, when you started the blog). I liked what you had in this post [http://www.debunkingbucailleism.blogspot.com/2012/09/three-criteria-for-scientific.html Three Criteria for Scientific Foreknowledge]. I see some of that has been covered in our Islam and Science introduction (we have 4 points and you have 3).
:::My suggestion: The steps for you would be to go over what we have on our site and get an idea of the types of pages we have and then go to your blog one by one and see where you can add your content. We may not have some topics that you have. Then for example after checking the articles for September, you see that some stuff should be added on our site, let us know what you think you should do. The language should of course be changed to 3rd person. Sorry I could not give a detailed/helpful analysis of what should be done but I'm pressed for time. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 21:04, 11 December 2012 (PST)

== Criticisms of other religions Wiki ==

Does your group or any group that you know of plan or have a Wiki devoted to criticisms of each major religion in the world?

[[Special:Contributions/97.85.168.22|97.85.168.22]] 17:49, 25 April 2013 (PDT)
:No we don't. The closest I can think of is [http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Main_Page rational wiki] (See [http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Category:Religion Category:Religion]) but their focus is wide and not specifically on religion. I dont know of any other wikis that criticize other religions. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 17:55, 25 April 2013 (PDT)

While "WikiIslam is a community edited website which focuses on the critique of Islam" and while this site claims that most editors are truly atheists and agnosts and policies and content of this site reflect that "editors are advised that no region should be given priority over another", I suggest too: Would be a huge evidence of that to have critique of Islam by its similarities to Judaism and Christianity. Otherwise critique to Islam may fail, to collapse only into contradictory and hypocrisy. I suggest that this site includes on main page a region of that area and there articles of similarities of one god, attitude to women, attitude to gays, jesus as prophet of both, attitudes towards other religions and religious free people. There is in bible too marriage of Abraham with his half-sister or niece Sarah, father having sex ang gettin children with his daughters (Lot with his daughters in Genesis 19:33) and it is not condemned in bible - moreover there are over 10 stories of incestuous relationships in the bible. A critique that Islam is just one version of Abrahamic religions and very similar, would be very informative addition to this site. This site should make more clear statement on the main page, whether this site is objectively or subjectively critiq to islam. Is this site critiqs from other religion beliefs or from free of religions people to islam? Personally I think that religious people that criticize other religions of same things that their own religion does, are deep in un-credibility. --[[User:Oneofusall|Oneofusall]] ([[User talk:Oneofusall|talk]]) 05:39, 6 July 2015 (PDT)
:We stay away from criticizing (or praising in any way) other religions because we would not want to alienate various segments of the site visitors. Islam has a lot of issues on its own and people are free to investigate other religions from other sources. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 19:10, 8 July 2015 (PDT)

== help needed to build new article==

hi. who is admin of this site? if i want to build new article, can you help me ? [[User:Yahoo|Yahoo]] ([[User talk:Yahoo|talk]]) 08:04, 21 May 2013 (PDT)
:Hi Yahoo. Welcome to WikiIslam! There are many administrators/editors. I am one of them and will help in any way I can. Have a read through the [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Policies_and_Guidelines policies]. When you're ready you can [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Help:Contents#How_to_Create_a_New_Page create a page here] or use a sandbox ([[User:Yahoo/Sandbox]]).[[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 10:05, 21 May 2013 (PDT)
::thanks. can anyone make cite web and book like wikipedia ? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cite_web & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cite_book

and can someone give me classical islamic history book(ibn sa`d, tabari, waqedi, etc) and tafsir(tabari, etc) in english text ? i don't have them. [[User:Yahoo|Yahoo]] ([[User talk:Yahoo|talk]]) 11:33, 21 May 2013 (PDT)

how i can link to external web sites ? [[User:Yahoo|Yahoo]] ([[User talk:Yahoo|talk]]) 11:49, 21 May 2013 (PDT)
:hi Yahoo, we do have a [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Cite_web Cite web] and its used in a few articles but I still need to change its output format (its input format will still be identical to Wikipedia). We have a [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Template:Reference_archive reference archive] template but it only works with [http://www.webcitation.org/ WebCite]. I would say, use WebCite and use the reference archive template for now. Examples of use can be seen on the template page or in any of the [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Reference_archive usage] links.

:We can provide some sources later on. What kind of articles do you plan on making?

:You can get online Tafsirs from sites like http://www.altafsir.com/ and quote them using the [[Template:Quote|quote]] template.
:The article you made will need to have its headings capitalized. I think its a good idea. It will take time to look for all the links because there are so many and new ones are coming up all the time. I think if a fair number of links can be collected, the article can be presentable. Good luck with its completion. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 16:56, 21 May 2013 (PDT)
:#Qur'an in English: [http://www.islamawakened.com/Quran/ this] site provides 34 compared English translations, and [http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/1/lang/englishliteral/ this] site provides the English literal translation
:#Hadiths in English: [http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/ Compendium of Muslim Texts], and [http://www.searchtruth.com/hadith_books.php this] site includes a few narrations that have been removed from the Compendium.
:#Tafsirs in English: [http://www.theholybook.org/content/section/1/2/ ], [http://www.altafsir.com/Ibn-Abbas.asp ], [http://www.altafsir.com/Al-Jalalayn.asp ] and [http://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php?sura=1 ].
:#Sira literature: [http://www.justislam.co.uk/images/Ibn%20Ishaq%20-%20Sirat%20Rasul%20Allah.pdf ] and [http://www.soebratie.nl/religie/hadith/IbnSad.html].
:#Fiqh: [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.islamicbulletin.com/free_downloads/resources/reliance_complete.pdf&date=2011-03-16 ] and [http://bewley.virtualave.net/Risalatitl.html ].
:#Fatwa websites in English: [http://islamqa.info/en ] and [http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/ ]. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 19:35, 21 May 2013 (PDT)

==Scientific Method==

A publicly editable web page purports that Alhazen was the father of modern scientific method. Though he may have made some advances in optics, I do not believe this is true. I am interested in improving the page. Who might be a more accurate figure of the same or earlier era, who contributed significantly to the development of scientific method? [[User:Devraj|Devraj]] ([[User talk:Devraj|talk]]) 20:28, 4 July 2013 (PDT)
:Hi Devraj. I did a quick Google search and could not find such a page. Anyhow, you can work on an article here: [[User:Devraj/Sandbox]]. This particular page is a response to a specific publication, so any article on Alhazen will have to be separate from it. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 20:46, 4 July 2013 (PDT)
Hi Sahabah,
The page I'm referring to is Wikipedia's "Scientific Method" page. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method].I would appreciate any link to a source that shows that scientific experimentation was undertaken by those other than muslims who lived in the similar era as Alhazen. Other sources I read say the Christian world came up with true scientific method, but I cannot find the specific example(s) of those persons who supposedly did these experiments prior to Alhazen.
:If you look at the talk page for Wikipedia's Alhazen article[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alhazen#Misuse_of_sources], you'll see a lot of the claims are disputed because [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Islam,_Science_and_the_Problems_at_Wikipedia Jagged 85] was a big contributor of the information there. We have our hub page concerning the "[http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Golden_Age Golden Age]", but other than that, we would suggest going to the [http://forum09.faithfreedom.org/ FFI forum] if you have any questions. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 11:04, 5 July 2013 (PDT)

== Concerned about Security, IP Address Tracing etc. ==

I'm becoming increasingly active in restoring the historical truth to various Wikipedia pages which were hijacked by Islamists. I am concerned as to whether it would be possible for someone to trace my IP address or my computer, and harm me. Are either of these a valid concern? If so I suppose I can be entirely safe by making my Wikipedia edits from a library or other public computer and public internet connection? {{unsigned|‎Devraj}}
:Its safe to get a username and edit from the username (just make sure you're logged in all the time) from any computer (home or elsewhere). Good luck. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 15:06, 19 July 2013 (PDT)
Please check out this article[http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/andrewkantor/2004-06-17-kantor_x.htm ] - one among many - that indicates that it is quite possible for someone with ill intent to track the source of online activity. Why should I not be concerned about this?
:That is basically an alarmist article. There's about 30-50K active editors on Wikipedia (more than 5 edits in the last 30 days) at any given time. Unless there's illegal activity (real threats of violence for example) there's no tracking and even then only authorities can access that tracking information. Wikipedia admins do have access (I think) if they have the checkuser right but its a small number of admins who do and they dont misuse that data. If you still have questions you can ask on Wikipedia or another internet forum. There are many editors editing Wikipedia with the alternate point of view about Islam, Unless an editor does something really illegal (terrorist threat or something) their identity is not and cannot be known. Again make sure you're logged on (important, otherwise your IP address will be recorded in that page's history). IP addresses can be known to admins but to trace that address to a real person requires a police permit and so on, which is only given if its an extreme case (e.g. violence, as I mentioned). To be safe, always do a "preview" on an edit before you submit it, to make sure your login is still active (sometimes the login goes inactive if the edit window was open for a long time). If you stay logged in, dont do anything illegal you'll be safe. Maybe [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&limit=500&hideliu=1 this] link might help - lots of people editing with IPs without any care, however again if you are concerned, you can make sure you are logged in and it will not be public. Once again, you should visit internet IT forums or ask Wikipedia for assistance for further clarifying these things. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 17:05, 19 July 2013 (PDT)
Thank you! That helps.

== Indian female convert to Islam killed by Taliban (Islam in the news) ==

Hi. I wanted to share the news of the recent killing of an Indian social worker Sushmita Banerjee (later Syeda Kamal) by the Taliban. She had married an Afghan in the 80's. When she went to Afghanistan, she found out that he was already married. Then after facing oppression under the Taliban there, she fled but her in-laws recaptured her. She decided to do social work in Afghanistan but was recently executed by the Taliban who said "why did you write nasty things about us?"
Is there a way I contribue to the "Islam in the news" section?--[[User:Mahomet|Mahomet]] ([[User talk:Mahomet|talk]]) 22:45, 8 September 2013 (PDT)

<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-06/india/41832545_1_suspected-taliban-militants-afghan-police-afghanistan |title=Indian author Sushmita Banerjee killed in Afghanistan by Taliban |date=September 6, 2013 |newspaper=Times of India}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/05/sushmita-banerjee-killed-taliban_n_3874734.html |title= Sushmita Banerjee, Female Indian Author, Killed By Taliban |newspaper=Huffington Post}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/why-did-you-write-nasty-things-taliban-militants-reportedly-asked-sushmita-banerjee-before-killing-h-415758 |title=Why did you write nasty things, Taliban militants reportedly asked Sushmita Banerjee before killing her |date=September 07, 2013}}</ref>

{{reflist}}
:If you look at the contribs for [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Special:Contributions/Al-Qaum Al-Qaum], you can see stuff is added first to the [[Islam in the News]] page and then to the [[WikiIslam:Latest News]]. Please follow the formats (small amount of text from the news site, link formats, heading should reflect the news source etc). --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 10:10, 9 September 2013 (PDT)
::It's already been added to ''Islam in the News'' by Al-Qaum. See [[Islam in the News#Afghanistan: Militants shoot dead the Indian author of a popular book about her escape from the Taliban|here]]. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 12:27, 9 September 2013 (PDT)
:::Ohh, great! You guys are really international and stay on top of things. :) --[[User:Mahomet|Mahomet]] ([[User talk:Mahomet|talk]]) 20:32, 12 September 2013 (PDT)
::::Thanks Mahomet! [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 23:16, 12 September 2013 (PDT)

== Add option to "submit your testimony"? ==

I would like to submit my testimony to this page http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Special:Form/newapostate

Under "current worldview", can you add the option of Bahá’í?—Preceding unsigned comment added by [[User:Golconda|Golconda]] ([[User talk:Golconda|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Golconda|contribs]]) {{#if:19:57, 16 March 2014 | 19:57, 16 March 2014 |}} ([[WikiIslam:Signatures#Signing_Posts|Remember to sign your comments]]) 
:Hi Golconda. Just submit your testimony and we'll add that for you. [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 20:07, 16 March 2014 (PDT)

== The Islamic Golden Age referenced on the Wikipedia article on "humans" ==

Without any citations, the "Islamic Golden Age" myth was added to other contributions during the Middle Ages.

"The late Middle Ages saw the rise of revolutionary ideas and technologies. In China, an advanced and urbanized society promoted innovations and sciences, such as printing and seed drilling. In India, major advancements were made in mathematics, philosophy, religion and metallurgy. The Islamic Golden Age saw major advancements in mathematics, astronomy, optics, biology, medicine, art and architecture in Muslim empires."

Whatever "Muslim advances" (should say Persian advances!) there were was from conquering places. This appears to represent something debunked in the 1001 inventions page. Basically, they list more advances for Muslims than for China... what a joke.

Maybe add a "citation needed" and delete most of the tags.
Muslims contributed to basically nothing except some math and astronomy.

What disgusts me is that it calls those inventions "Muslim" but later talks about globalization and the information age as if it weren't "Western".

Care to fix this with me? [[Special:Contributions/50.187.216.93|50.187.216.93]] 23:05, 16 June 2014 (PDT)
:I personally don't have enough time to do anything on Wikipedia (too much to do and its hard to maintain it with them contantly fighting to keep away anything truthful about Islam) but someone else might. This certain article [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age] doesnt look too long so it shouldnt be too hard to fix. I would suggest add the citation needed tag where you want to and wait a week before you remove those statements with a comment "removing unsourced statements. Had previously left in the Citation needed tag. Use talk page before restoring any statements". Relevant to this might be this article on our site [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Islam_Science_and_the_Problems_at_Wikipedia]. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 01:20, 17 June 2014 (PDT)
:: Great Idea. I'll go for it. [[Special:Contributions/50.187.216.93|50.187.216.93]] 12:37, 19 June 2014 (PDT)
:::I didnt look at it in detail but I think in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Golden_Age&diff=prev&oldid=613602760 this] edit over there, you will most likely have to defend removal of references / referenced information.
:::Its very difficult to clean up the mess created by the Muslim editor Jagged85 (he had 60K or 80K edits, most of which were intentionally misleading as their [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Islam_Science_and_the_Problems_at_Wikipedia investigation] showed). What you may be seeing or dealing with may be some of his work. The references will have to be checked. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 19:14, 19 June 2014 (PDT)

== Purpose of this website==

I am personally a Christian, but I have some sympathy for Islam, as I have many Muslim friends who have been quite helpful to me over the years. I have shown them respect, and they have reciprocated. I do not pretend to know what is best for others, any more than I enjoy others pretending to know what is best for myself. I was wondering, is this site meant to ultimately be purely scientific, letting the facts fall where they may, or is it meant to be biased against Islam, preferring to portray views that denigrate Islam whenever possible or convenient? Thanks, [[User:Scottperry|Scottperry]] ([[User talk:Scottperry|talk]]) 12:55, 23 June 2014 (PDT)
:There's a verse in the Quran, 5:38 that says a thief's hands should be cut off. Islam cannot be reformed. If one verse is to be rejected then the whole Quran can be rejected.
:This site focuses on criticism of Islam. You can have a good look around first. Start from the [[site map]].
:Being biased against Islam is not a bad thing or something to be ashamed of because Islam itself is biased against non-Muslims like me and you since it says we will all burn in Hell for not accepting it (Quran 48:13). Your Muslim friends may be nice people but if they think a thief's hands should not be cut off (Quran 5:38), if they think a wife should not be beaten for disobedience (Quran 4:34), if they dont believe that virgins in Heaven are large breasted (Quran 78:33) then they are not really Muslims and are not believing in actual Quranic verses. They are choosing to reject those verses or defend them in some way.
:But do tell us what can be done differently or if you have any suggestions. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 15:20, 23 June 2014 (PDT)
::Thanks for your frankness. I think I'll try to insert the full edit, along with cites, that I first started to work on, and see what happens. Regarding hand-chopping, there are verses in the Bible that say homosexuals, disobedient sons, and adulterers should all be killed, and Jesus supposedly said that not a "jot" of the Bible should be disregarded, but just the same, modern-day Christianity ''has'' opted to reject those verses, yet to keep others, and still continues to be a major influence in the world. Christianity has adapted significantly over the centuries, and much of it for the better. It's had a 700 year head-start over Islam. There are also verses in the Quran that say that there is hope for non-Muslims to enter heaven. As with the Bible, both books are filled with contradictions. Personally, as a Christian, I pick and choose which parts resonate with me, and which don't. I think that whether or not most other Christians would admit it, they all do that too. How many Christians do you know these days that stone all of those "evil-doers" as mentioned above?
::At any rate, I don't know if I'll be a very good "fit" here, but I'll try a few edits and see what happens. My "debt" to Islam, as a Christian, is that no less than twice, my life was literally saved by Muslims! Don't ask me why, I couldn't say. So long as you guys are fundamentally honest about your criticisms against Islam here, which we shall see, I shall be happy to contribute here. Thanks, [[User:Scottperry|Scottperry]] ([[User talk:Scottperry|talk]]) 19:32, 23 June 2014 (PDT)
:::Ok. Well that is all good stuff for debate.
:::So for your edit [http://wikiislam.net/w/index.php?title=Muslim_Statistics&diff=107924&oldid=101364] you would first add it on the Education page (possibly Worldwide section here [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Education_and_Employment#Worldwide]) and after that the main Statistics edit that you made can be restored. Stuff on that page is mentioned and sourced in the sub-pages. You'll notice though that all the stuff in these Stats pages is quotes -- and I think thats a problem (for this reason I think the addition will be a challenge). But as long as what you put in cannot be disputed or challenged it could be fine so the more sources you can add the better. Yea try it and we'll see how it looks. In this case case you would need to provide proof that these named countries were really under the influence of soviet communism as Muslims would challenge that and say "those countries did it on their own". This is the kind of sourcing we use and its important as you can see. Another to thing to check is how "far" other Muslim countries are from the high literacy rates (the ones that were not influenced by soviet communism). --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 20:04, 23 June 2014 (PDT)
::::Another opinion, of course there are good Muslims but in how is it because of Islam and how does that help Islam? They are just good as humans. All Muslims need not be hateful or believing in each and every verse of the Quran but their uproach is still cultist. They will keep considering Islam as superior and us as trasshy. Ask your Muslim friends to prove our site (or other sites) wrong. [[User:Saggy|Saggy]] ([[User talk:Saggy|talk]]) 07:04, 24 June 2014 (PDT)
:::::At Scottperry: Actually, the reason why Christians do not stone people is because Jesus stopped an adulteress from being stoned by saying "let he who has not sinned cast the first stone." And as for the "not a "jot" of the Bible should be disregarded", you ignore the bit straight after that sentence where he says "until everything is accomplished" (when he dies, he then says "It is finished"). For a "Christian" you sure do talk about/understand Christianity like a Muslim apologist would. These are exactly the same talking points they try to use as [[Tu Quoque]] arguments to shut down criticism. Unfortunately for them, and for you, a simple reading of the text shows your error. This is also where Christianity and Islam differ. Sure, Christian beliefs have changed with the times, but that did ''not'' take place by (as you suggest) Christians waking up one day and saying, "I don't like this part of the Bible, let's ignore it." It happened through the ability of reformers to successfully argue a theologically sound case for why Christians should stop certain things. Muslim reformers however do not have a leg to stand on. All the theologically sound arguments come from the terrorists. Let me quote this:
:::::"'''Chronological Shift in Violence'''

:::::''This is one of the most important factors to take into consideration. If you are going to criticize a holy book for what you believe it advocates to its followers, then you must read the text like a believer would. If a book contains a large amount of violence in it but finishes by telling its readers in the second half of the book to be pacifists and behave like cute little bunny rabbits, does it advocate violence or pacifism? Of course, the answer is that it advocates pacifism. Likewise if a book begins by describing pacifism but finishes by telling its readers to "slay the unbelievers wherever you find them", that book logically advocates violence.''

:::::''All of the "positive" violence committed in the Bible is found in the Old Testament. The New Testament contains absolutely no exhortations to violence. Quite the opposite, Jesus advocates extreme pacifism. Christians believe they are a part of the "New Covenant" described in the New Testament , not the Old Covenant described in the Old Testament.''

:::::''Muslims do not have an "old" or "new" covenant to filter their text through. However, what they do have is something very similar, it is the doctrine of Abrogation, where later Qur'anic verse naturally supersede earlier ones. This would be fine if like the Bible all the violence was confined to the beginning, but this is not the case. Don't take my word for it. Read the Qur'an in chronological order and the shift from pacifism to violence is unmissable. This results in rendering almost all of the peaceful verses abrogated and useless.''" [http://islamo-criticism.blogspot.com/2012/03/is-bible-more-bloodthirsty-than-quran.html (Link)]

::::: Concerning your "Christianity has had a 700 year head-start over Islam" logic, that is a ridiculous way of thinking. Sikhism is only about five hundred years old, so according to your logic, today they should be behaving like European Neanderthals from the early middle-ages. In addition to that, according to your logic, we should be apologizing for these hypothetical Neanderthals and making excuses for them. The evolution of religious believers does not happen like that. Religions generally conform in some degree to the more liberal morals of their times. The fact that the 700 years newer religion of Islam made a regression in morals when compared to Christianity should be all you need to know of its founder and the general spirit of its texts. Interestingly, the Baha'i Faith is a 19th century offshoot of Islam. Since Islam has had 1,000+ years head-start, shouldn't Baha'is be going around invading other countries in order to spread their newer religion, subjugating its people and destroying religious institutions belong to its previous occupants? That isn't happening, but guess what? There is a religion at this very moment cleansing the remaining religious minorities wherever it is dominant, and it ain't the Baha'is or Christians. And about those "verses in the Quran that say that there is hope for non-Muslims to enter heaven," that's total apologetic nonsense. Read this:

:::::"''There are many verses in the Qur'an that label Christians and Jews as disbelievers, and numerous more that explicitly condemn them and other disbelievers to Hell. There is scholarly consensus on the fact that Christians and Jews are viewed by Islam as kafirs, because of "the clear nature of the texts about this".''

:::::''If you read verse 2:62 in context, it is referring only to those Christians, Jews, and Sabiens who believed in the time of their own Prophet/Messenger.''

:::::''Each Revelation abrogated the previous. Thus, after the advent of Prophet Muhammad and Islam, no individual can make it into Paradise unless they accept Allah as God, Muhammad as his last Prophet and the Qur'an as Allah's final book of guidance.''

:::::''Therefore, the concept of Heavenly rewards in Islam are now exclusively offered to Muslims. Christians and Jews may believe in a single monotheistic god, but they do not believe in "His Messenger". Thus they are destined for the "burning fire".''

:::::''Additionally, the non-Muslims who do make it into Paradise will only be used as sex-slaves by believing men, Muslims who themselves will be spared hell-fire by Allah on the Day of Resurrection by making innocent Christians and Jews take their place and be thrown into Hell.''" [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Christians_Jews_and_Muslims_in_Heaven (Link)] [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 15:02, 8 August 2014 (PDT)

== Inspired by Muhammad: Dog Hadiths ==

Hello. I looked at the links to the Hadiths concerning killing dogs and restricting to killing black dogs from this page: http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Inspired_by_Muhammad#Killing_Dogs

It seems that the links do not take you to the hadiths you are quoting. Maybe the site was updated or whoever created the page made a mistake. I thought you should know.

Specifically, it's the Sahih Muslim 16:2840 and Sahih Muslim 16:2839.

I think the hadiths are Abu-Dawud: http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/abudawud/016-sat.php [[User:Paul99|Paul99]] ([[User talk:Paul99|talk]]) 5:18, 27 August 2014 (GMT)
: Number 5248 in that [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Inspired_by_Muhammad#Killing_Dogs section] you mentioned has a valid link. What specific quotes have broken links? --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 03:53, 29 August 2014 (PDT)

It was the bottom two hadiths under "The Black Dog is a Devil". Sahih Muslim 16:2840 and Sahih Muslim 16:2839 do not lead to the hadiths quoted, but I found the hadiths in their entirety in Abu-Dawud. You can find them at the top of the page here: http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/abudawud/016-sat. I believe that the two Hadith collections were mixed up in the post.[[User:Paul99|Paul99]] ([[User talk:Paul99|talk]]) 20:11, 30 August 2014 (GMT)
:Oh ok, yea I see it now. I fixed those now [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Inspired_by_Muhammad#The_Black_Dog_is_a_Devil]. Thanks! --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 15:58, 30 August 2014 (PDT)

SerUm, I checked and it still says and goes to Sahih MMuslim. [User:Paul99|Paul99]] ([[User talk:Paul99|talk]]) 16:25, 31 August 2014 (GMT)
:Nope, it should be fixed. Check [http://wikiislam.net/w/index.php?title=Inspired_by_Muhammad&diff=109583&oldid=98757#The_Black_Dog_is_a_Devil this]. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 10:05, 31 August 2014 (PDT)

Sorry. My mistake. My computer wasn't working correctly or something. I see it now. :) [User:Paul99|Paul99]] ([[User talk:Paul99|talk]]) 1:51, 1 September 2014 (GMT)

== Website organization ==

Hi, i would like firstly to thank you for the great work. This site helped me a lot during my years of doubt about islam. And i ll give you some feedback from a reader's perspective :
* I think the site has a lot of good articles but it needs more organisation. Maybe making Portals shoud be added to the tasks. For example for islam and science, a Portal would be much more useful than the core article or the unergonomic site Map. In the islam and science portal for example we should find two sections: refutations of quran's miracles like big bang, embryology etc.. and for embryology for example there should be a "subsection" where all the articles should be listed History of embryology, embryology in jewish scriptures, in the quran , in the quran and the hadith... and another section for scientific errors in quran and hadith. Same goes fr other portals.
* About the sources of the quran and hadith, when i was muslim i had to recheck every islamic quote wrote here in its arabic version (my faith made me do it) and it would be better i guess if there was this possibility to see the arabic version just next to the reference.
* I'm gonna try to start translating some articles in French and maybe arabic if i have the time to do it.
Cheers --[[User:Einstein reason|ArabSagan]] ([[User talk:Einstein reason|talk]]) 08:49, 8 October 2014 (PDT)
*I prefer a template to portal for all the scientific errors and abrogations but who will bell the cat? New editors are not allowed to edit mainspace. Axius is too busy for long long time and nothing is getting reviewed. Your blank confession will also stay like that. Yes French translations are welcome. Our message must get to France and the whole of French West Africa. [[User:Saggy|Saggy]] ([[User talk:Saggy|talk]]) 13:08, 8 October 2014 (PDT)

::Hi. I'm happy to hear you found this site useful. Concerning your queries:
::A)

:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Islam This] is the Islam Portal on Wikipedia, and [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Islam_and_Science this] is the Islam and Science Core article on WikiIslam. Looking at them both (and leaving aside our Site Map for the moment), I do not see how a Wikipedia style portal would help people find articles quicker than our Core articles. The Wikipedia portals quite frankly are a mess. There appears little order to them or a clear method for new readers to easily find material they are after. Conversely, the TOC on Core articles make it very easy to find articles. And this site probably does not have enough articles per subject to justify a Wikipedia-style Portal which is engulfed in links all over the place (links which would probably require more energy for new readers to decipher, because they are embedded within walls of text).

:*Then there is the Site Map which you call "unergonomic". That surprises me a lot, since I cannot think of a more comfortable or easier way of navigating the entire site from a single page.

:*You suggest that we should create separate sections; one for Qur'an miracles etc., but we already have separate sections such as the ones you propose, e.g. one of them is indeed "Qur'an miracles".

:*There is no need to create a new embryology "subsection", because the embryology articles are already linked from a single heading (see [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Islam_and_Science#Embryology_in_Islamic_Scripture here]). We also do not have an "embryology in jewish scriptures" article. We have one that covers reproduction in general, and that is already linked very clearly beneath the "Embryology in Islamic Scripture" section.

::So that leaves a couple of things I'd like you to do:
::1. Please explain exactly how and why the enormous effort of replacing Core articles with Portals would be beneficial for us.
::2. Give us a better way that readers can explore the entire site from a single page.

::B) Concerning Arabic; most Muslims do not read, write or speak Arabic and this is a primarily English-language site that only uses trusted scholarly translations, so I don't see any urgency or major benefit from that. Would it be nice to have a link to Arabic versions of all sources? Probably, but it is not realistic. Where is an Arabic-speaking editor who is willing to find all of them and add them to 2,000+ articles (if each article has 50 refs, that makes at least 100,000 links)? Then where are the editors who will check each link for accuracy and maintain these same links from link rot? Like I said, it may be a nice idea, but it has little actual benefit and is not realistic. If an Arabic-speaker, does use the site, like yourself, it is probably best to let them find Arabic versions if they do not trust the English-language versions used by millions of English-speaking Muslims.

::I only see one certainty in trying to do this, and that is a negative one. By including links to Arabic versions in only a few articles, this would set up an arbitrary standard that should not exist i.e. someone can then read a perfectly referenced article and then claim, "But this one doesn't have links to Arabic like the other one did", and then discard all the referenced information they had just read.

::C) Translations are most welcome. I'm assuming you read those pages I provided you a while ago, but if you need further help, you can ask Axius or I (if I'm around) for help. [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 13:46, 8 October 2014 (PDT)

==Arab inventions==

So.....arab inventions or innovations/improvements on already existing stuff doesn't matter? Sure some of the inventors could've been from other religions, but the fact remains they were all ARABS. I feel this article tries to discredit arab inventions no matter what faith they are. This is the same thing that happens in the US with black inventors, since they are a minority their inventions get attributed to whites no matter what.
:Are you talking about [[How Islamic Inventors Did Not Change The World]]? The article is about claims made for "Islamic inventors", not Arab or non-Arab. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 10:16, 27 November 2014 (PST)
::Assuming the anon is being genuine and not simply trying to disguise an incorrect statement within a question, I would also be very interested in knowing what article they are referring to. None of what is written by our editors try to deny Arab contributions to science. In fact we make a point of mentioning that Arabs, just like every other ethnic group on this planet, have provided the world with their fair share of scientific advances. And depending on the anon's level of ignorance (and whatever article they may be referring to), even the statement that "the fact remains they were all ARABS," may be incorrect. For example, many Egyptians, Lebanese, Iranians, Syrians, etc., may speak Arabic in some form or another, but they are not ethnically Arab, nor do they consider themselves as Arabs. In fact, many of them view being called an Arab a personal insult. That hasn't stopped Islamic propagandists from depicting them as such. [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 19:21, 27 November 2014 (PST)

== Editing the description of the website. ==

I ve been using wiki-islam's links when debating online, specially the"quran, hadith and scholars" pages. And always the first response is: wikiislam is an anti-islam website so they are lying (aka using fake data) , until i tell them that they can check the authenticity of the quotes with clicking on the references. So if that was said in the description under the title of the articles, it will be a good thing for the credibility of th website.
Also i'm sure this have been already discussed but i think that you should avoid using usc's database since you know how muslims are untrustful of anything that is related to jews, but i don't know what are your options or if it is easy to fix.

:''"anything that is related to jews"'' - Sounds like an attempt for us to stop using a reliable source so the content can become less reliable. The reliability is explained on the wiki page [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Compendium_of_Muslim_Texts]. Assuming the inquiry is genuine:
:During the debate did you investigate how true this claim is? People will use any excuse they can. The 3 Quran translations are well known and the hadiths are from Bukhari, Muslim and others (6 hadith collections). Ask them if they know of any reliable Quran/hadith websites. The answer is usually "Just ignore all the websites. Consult with a real Islamic scholar" which we know is a cop-out.
:No data on our site is fake. You can search any hadith/verse and find the exact quotes on many other websites. The USC database was chosen because it was hosted on an educational institution's server and additional reasons are mentioned on that wiki page I linked. It used to be the website for the MSA at that university originally and currently its the Muslim-engagement center website. That doesnt effect its reliability in any way. People are free to crosscheck the hadiths and verses on other websites.
:''"until i tell them that they can check the authenticity of the quotes with clicking on the references"'' - they are visiting a website and a website is supposed to have links by default. People dont need to be told that they should click the links on a page. When someone claims a website has fake information you should challenge that statement because you know that in this case that is a false statement that has no basis. You will get better in debate with time. Additional information about the sources is in our [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Frequently_Asked_Questions#Sources_Used FAQ]. The FAQ page is linked on every page on the left. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 11:52, 2 December 2014 (PST)

== "Jihad is Perpetual" subtopic has bad link ==

I was looking at the "Jihad is Perpetual" subtopic of [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Fighting Non-Muslims]] and tried to navigate to the link to Sunan Abu Dawud Chapter 14, hadith 2526 specified there. However, it appears that USC has removed the Jihad chapter from Sunan Abu Dawud, and the link goes to Chapter 13 on fasting instead.

I did find a working link to this hadith at Sunnah.com though. It is here:
http://sunnah.com/abudawud/15/8

Oddly, that hadith number is 2484, so there seems to be inconsistent hadith numbering scheme between what's specified in the wikiislam link and the one at sunnah.com. The convention used at sunnah.com seems to match up with the translation I have by Nasiruddin al-Khattab.
:Indeed you are right, it is not there anymore. I have it in my local copy so yes it was removed from their website. Not sure what to do right now so I'm just going to add this to on our tasks page for now. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 14:04, 14 March 2015 (PDT)

==New article==
Help ! I would like to create a new article. I don't see it. It's always in the sandbox.
http://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Sandbox/Unreliable_hadeeths
--[[User:Dare4|Dare4]] ([[User talk:Dare4|talk]]) 13:43, 14 March 2015 (PDT)
:Not sure what you are asking for. Can you clarify further? --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 13:57, 14 March 2015 (PDT)

::Hi Dare4. Have you actually looked at the state of the page you created? What would make you think it's okay to take it out of the sandbox and put it in our mainspace looking like that? I've deleted that page anyhow. We already have a page that covers all those and many more (see [[List of Fabricated Hadith|here]]). Use the Site map or search function to avoid such a situation in the future. Please also read and follow the directions on [[WikiIslam:Message to New Users]] before making any further contributions. Thanks. [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 15:26, 14 March 2015 (PDT)

== Question about Islamic Texts ==

Has anybody ever combined the Qur'an, Hadith, and Ishaq/Tabari into a single, chronologically ordered document?
: As far as I know it hasnt been done. I think the problem is that there's no knowledge of what happened when, so there could be a lot of variation and no one could say that their version of events is right. Maybe if someone only used important events for which they definitely knew the dates they could try. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 17:12, 18 August 2015 (PDT)--[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 17:12, 18 August 2015 (PDT)

== What about more "responses to apologetics" ? ==

I am writing this as a confused muslim. You know,there are lots of islamic websites,they have thousands of "rebuttals to islamic critics" and just a few anti islamic ones against them.So when muslims come across an argument against islam, they think "well,im sure someone has already refutted this,so lets not worry about it." It seems like that "Critics of islam have all said what is to be said against islam,but apologists refutted them all,so there is nothing left to say." Probably that is what apologists think or try to prove.Considering these,I have a suggestion.I think you should have more "responses to apologists",so that we,as readers,can decide more reasonably which side is more plausible and you can be more "convincing" that way.Thank you.
:I fully agree these sections are very important especially for often debated topics. See [https://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Frequently_Asked_Questions#Can_someone_do_XYZ.2C_create.2Fedit_an_article_for_me.3F this] about requests like this. [[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 18:30, 2 February 2016 (EST)

Child Marriage in the Qur'an

2016-01-31T14:43:52Z

Axius: revert vandalism

Prophet [[Muhammad]] married [[Aisha]] when she was [[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Aisha#Aisha.27s_Age_at_Consummation_and_Marriage|six]], and had [[sex|sexual intercourse]] with her while she still remained [[Muhammad and the Clinical Definition of Pedophilia|pre-pubescent]] at the age of nine [[Islamic Lunar Calendar|lunar years]]. This fact has been recorded many times in [[Sahih]] [[Hadith|ahadith]]. This article will discuss the [[Qur'an|Qur'anic]] verse that allows [[Paedophilia]].
[[File:Women protesters.jpg|right|thumb|300px|March 23, 2010: Women protesters hold up copies of the Qur'an outside parliament in Sanaa while stating that a proposed law banning marriages under the age of 17 in Yemen is un-Islamic<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88589 YEMEN: Deep divisions over child brides] - IRIN, March 28, 2010</ref>]]
== Introduction ==

The Qur'an has stipulated a waiting period which women must observe before they can remarry. This waiting period must be observed after they are divorced, or if their husbands have died. In the Qur'an, this is called ''Iddah'' or ''Iddat'' (العدة‎). However, there is one exception to this requirement in Qur'an 33:49:

{{Quote|{{Qtt|33|49}}| {{right|
ياايها الذين امنوا اذا نكحتم المؤمنات ثم طلقتموهن من قبل ان تمسوهن فمالكم عليهن من عدة تعتدونهافمتعوهن وسرحوهن سراحا جميلا
}}
'''Transliteration:''' ''Ya ayyuha allatheena amanoo itha nakahtumu almuminati thumma tallaqtumoohunna min qabli an tamassoohunna fama lakum AAalayhinna min AAiddatin taAAtaddoonaha famattiAAoohunna wasarrihoohunna sarahan jameelan''

'''Yusuf Ali:''' O ye who believe! If ye wed believing women and divorce them before ye have touched them, then there is no period that ye should reckon. But content them and release them handsomely.}}

From the verse above it is understood that Iddah (stipulated waiting period) is required if sexual contact has occurred within the marriage. If a woman is not touched by her husband, she should not have to observe any waiting period at all.

After the mention of women who have not had their marriage consummated, the Qur'an goes further - discussing the women who need to observe the 'iddah, and the span of time required. We see in Qur'an 65.4:

{{Quote|{{Qtt|65|4}}|{{right|
واللائي يئسن من المحيض من نسائكم ان ارتبتم فعدتهن ثلاثة اشهر واللائي لم يحضن واولات الاحمال اجلهن ان يضعن حملهن ومن يتق الله يجعل له من امره يسرا
}}
'''Transliteration:''' ''Waalla-ee ya-isna mina almaheedi min nisa-ikum ini irtabtum faAAiddatuhunna thalathatu ashhurin waalla-ee lam yahidna waolatu al-ahmali ajaluhunna an yadaAAna hamlahunna waman yattaqi Allaha yajAAal lahu min amrihi yusran''

'''Yusuf Ali:''' Such of your women as have passed the age of monthly courses, for them the prescribed period, if ye have any doubts, is three months, and for those who have no courses (it is the same): for those who carry (life within their wombs), their period is until they deliver their burdens: and for those who fear Allah, He will make their path easy.}}

Here the 'Iddah is prescribed to three categories of women:

#First the phrase: “Yaisna min al-maheedhi” which means “those women who are desperate of menses” is an indication to women who reached the stage of menstruation but do not menstruate and of those who reached menopause. Desperate of menses underlines that it concerns women who though reached the age, fail to menstruate too. Their 'Iddah period is three months.
#Next comes, “Wallaee Lam yahidhna” which means “those who have not menstruated yet” This group of females are pre-pubescent girls who have not yet menstruated. Here the 'Iddah prescribed for them is equal to the previous group of women (ie. three months).
#Lastly, the women who are pregnant - their prescribed 'iddah is until they have given birth.

The above translation of the verse masks the real meaning, so the verse has to be studied in [[Arabic]]. The actual meaning of this verse and its implications are explicitly endorsed by [[tafsir]]s as will be shown below.

==Analysis of Verse in Arabic ==

The Qur'an says in Arabic:

{{Quote|1=[http://quran.al-islam.com/Tafseer/DispTafsser.asp?l=arb&taf=GALALEEN&nType=1&nSora=65&nAya=4 Quran 65:4] Tafsir from al-Islam.com
|2= {{right|
واللائي لم يحضن" فعدتهن ثلاثة أشهر
}}

"and those who never had menses" (because they are underage)}}

The transliteration of the verse and the meaning of each portion of the verse is given below:

''Wa Al-Lā'ī Lam Yaĥiđna''

''wa'' ( وَ ) = and

''Al-Lā'ī'' ( وَاللَّائِي ) = for those who

''Lam'' ( لَمْ ) = did not (negation in past tense) <ref name=EB>Elabbas Benmamoun, Arabic morphology: The central role of the imperfective, Lingua 108 (1999) 175-201</ref>

''Yaĥiđna'' ( يَحِضْنَ ) = menstruate.

''Yaĥiđna'' comes from the verbal root H-Y-D ( حيض ) which means "to menstruate".

The addition of prefix "Ya" and suffix "na" to the root "HYD" shows that the word is used in used in third person, feminine gender, plural, imperfective aspect.<ref>[[w:Arabic grammar|Arabic grammar]] - Wikipedia</ref>

The imperfective aspect, by itself lacks any tense feature. <ref name=EB/> The tensed negatives like ''lam'' ( لَمْ ) (negation in past tense), ''lan'' ( لن ) (negation in future tense), ''laa'' ( لَ ) (negation in present tense) combined with imperfectives decide the tense in this case.

Thus ''lam Yadrus'' = He did not study.

In the verse 65:4, '''''Lam Yaĥiđna'' = 'those who did not menstruate'.'''

Further the imperfective verb in the context of ''lam'' ( لَمْ ) (past tensed negatives) is in the [[w:Grammatical mood#Jussive|Jussive]] mood. <ref name=EB/>

{{Quote||'''The mood is similar to the cohortative mood, in that it expresses plea, insistence, imploring, self-encouragement, wish, desire, intent, command, purpose or consequence.''' In some languages, the two are distinguished in that cohortative occurs in the first person and the jussive in the second or third. It is found in Arabic, where it is called the مجزوم, majzum. The rules governing the jussive in Arabic are somewhat complex. <ref>[[w:Grammatical mood#Jussive|Jussive]] - Wikipedia</ref>|}}

Supporting these meanings, from Lane's lexicon, ''Lam'' ({{arabic|ل}}) means 'not':

{{Quote|1=Lane's Lexicon for ''Lam''|2=Lam = ل
 lam = Negative particle giving to the present the sense of the perfect; not.<ref>[http://www.studyquran.co.uk/13_LAM.htm Lam = ل] - StudyQuran</ref>}}

From the Lexicon, Arabic word for Menstruate is 'Haiz' ({{arabic|حيض}}):
{{Quote|1= Lane's Lexicon for ''Haa''|2=Ha-Ya-Dad (Ha-Alif-Dad) = To have her courses, menstruate; Her blood flowed from her womb, to attain the age of menstruation, to make a thing flow.

hada vb. (1) impf. act. 65:4

mahid n.m. 2:222 
Lane's Lexicon, Volume 2, page: 322, 323<ref>[http://www.studyquran.co.uk/9_HAA.htm ح = Ha] - StudyQuran</ref>}}

Conclusion:

* It is clear the verse 65:4 is given as a command to be followed (Jussive mood).
* The verse itself refers to those women who did not menstruate(in all of past time until the present time), which can include children or girls before puberty or attainment of [[w:menarche|menarche]] (first period).

Therefore, the exact translation of this portion of {{Quran|65|4}} is ''"Not menstruated yet"'' ( لَمْ يَحِضْنَ ). In Arabic, the menstruating process is called HAIDH ( حيض ). It is possible to turn this noun into its verb form. Like we do it with menstruation, "menstruate" is YAHIDH ( يَحِض ). But it is LAM ( لَمْ ) that appears before YAHIDH and the NA ( نَ ) associated with YAHIDH and this puts Islamic apologists in a quandary because it cannot have any other meaning than ''“Not menstruated yet”''. This is the appropriate English translation.

This verse 65:4 should be read as a continuation of Qur'an 33:49. If a woman who has not been used for sex should not have to observe any Iddah at all, as mentioned in 33:49, what is the reason for the prescribed Iddah for those women who have not yet menstruated? This is a clear indication marrying pre-pubescent girls and having sex with them is sanctioned by the Qur'an.

The phrase found in Qur'an 65:4 as "Wallaee Lam Yahidhna" is sometimes mistranslated by [[apologists]]. Exact meaning of the phrase is available in Tafsirs (Quran interpretations).

== Tafsirs of the Verse ==

Only the relevant parts from the Tafsirs will be quoted, because quoting the tafsir's for the verse in their entirety will be space consuming and a waste of effort. What needs to be confirmed will be extracted from Tafsirs. If anyone doubts whether these have been quoted out of context, the reference is given on each tafsir so it can be verified by checking original sources.

=== Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi ===

{{quote |1=[http://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php?sura=65 Commentary on Qur'an Chapter 65:4] Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, Tafhim al-Qur'an|2= Here, one should bear in mind the fact that according to the explanations given in the Quran the question of the waiting period arises in respect of the women with whom marriage may have been consummated, for there is no waiting-period in case divorce is pronounced before the consummation of marriage. (Al-Ahzab: 49). Therefore, '''making mention of the waiting-period for the girls who have not yet menstruated, clearly proves that it is not only permissible to give away the girl in marriage at this age but it is also permissible for the husband to consummate marriage with her.''' Now, obviously no Muslim has the right to forbid a thing which the Quran has held as permissible.}}

Note here what Maududi mentions on giving pre-pubescent girls in marriage and consummating the marriage with them. The interpreter affirms it is permitted by the Qur'an and no Muslims can question or forbid it.

=== Shaykh Muhammad ibn ‘Uthaymeen ===

{{quote |Shaykh Muhammad ibn ‘Uthaymeen, Majmoo’at As’ilah tahumm al-Usrah al-Muslimah, p. 61-63|Surah al-Talaaq 65:4:
If a woman does not menstruate, either because she is very young or old and past menopause, then her ‘iddah is three months, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): “And those of your women as have passed the age of monthly courses, for them the ‘Iddah (prescribed period), if you have doubt (about their periods), is three months; and for those who have no courses (i.e. they are still immature) their ‘Iddah (prescribed period) is three months likewise.<ref>[http://www.islamqa.com/index.php?ln=eng&ds=qa&QR=12667 The ‘iddah of a woman divorced by talaaq] - Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 12667</ref>}}

The reason for bringing two more recent scholars is to show that ''nothing has changed'' in the Islamic tenets on marrying and having sex with pre-pubescent girls, even in this modern era.

=== 'Ibn Kathir ===

{{quote |1=[http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=65&tid=54196 The `Iddah of Those in Menopause and Those Who do not have Menses (Qur'an 65:4)] Tafsir Ibn Kathir |2= The `Iddah of Those in Menopause and Those Who do not have Menses Allah the Exalted clarifies the waiting period of the woman in menopause. And that is the one whose menstruation has stopped due to her older age. Her `Iddah is three months instead of the three monthly cycles for those who menstruate, which is based upon the Ayah in (Surat) Al-Baqarah. [see 2:228] '''The same for the young, who have not reached the years of menstruation.''' Their `Iddah is three months like those in menopause. This is the meaning of His saying.}}

=== Al-Jalalayn ===

{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Qur'an 65:4] Tafsir al-Jalalayn|2= And [as for] those of your women who (read allā'ī or allā'i in both instances) no longer expect to menstruate, if you have any doubts, about their waiting period, their prescribed [waiting] period shall be three months, and [also for] '''those who have not yet menstruated, because of their young age, their period shall [also] be three months''' - both cases apply to other than those whose spouses have died; for these [latter] their period is prescribed in the verse: they shall wait by themselves for four months and ten [days] [Q. 2:234]. And those who are pregnant, their term, the conclusion of their prescribed [waiting] period if divorced or if their spouses be dead, shall be when they deliver. And whoever fears God, He will make matters ease for him, in this world and in the Hereafter.}}

=== Ibn Abbas ===

{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Qur'an 65:4] Tafsir Ibn Abbas|2= (And for such of your women as despair of menstruation) because of old age, (if ye doubt) about their waiting period, (their period (of waiting) shall be three months) upon which another man asked: “O Messenger of Allah! '''"What about the waiting period of those who do not have menstruation because they are too young?” (along with those who have it not) because of young age, their waiting period is three months."''' Another man asked: “what is the waiting period for those women who are pregnant?” (And for those with child) i.e. those who are pregnant, (their period) their waiting period (shall be till they bring forth their burden) their child. (And whosoever keepeth his duty to Allah) and whoever fears Allah regarding what he commands him, (He maketh his course easy for him) He makes his matter easy; and it is also said this means: He will help him to worship Him well.}}

=== Al-Wahidi ===

{{quote |1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Qur'an 65:4] Al-Wahidi, Asbab al-nuzul|2= (And for such of your women as despair of menstruation…) [65:4]. Said Muqatil: “When the verse (Women who are divorced shall wait, keeping themselves apart…), Kallad ibn al-Nu‘man ibn Qays al-Ansari said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, '''what is the waiting period of the woman who does not menstruate and the woman who has not menstruated yet?''' And what is the waiting period of the pregnant woman?’ '''And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse”.''' Abu Ishaq al-Muqri’ informed us> Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Hamdun> Makki ibn ‘Abdan> Abu’l-Azhar> Asbat ibn Muhammad> Mutarrif> Abu ‘Uthman ‘Amr ibn Salim who said: “When the waiting period for divorced and widowed women was mentioned in Surah al-Baqarah, Ubayy ibn Ka‘b said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, some women of Medina are saying: there are other women who have not been mentioned!’ He asked him: ‘And who are they?’ He said: '''Those who are too young [such that they have not started menstruating yet]''', those who are too old [whose menstruation has stopped] and those who are pregnant’. And so this verse (And for such of your women as despair of menstruation…) was revealed”.}}

=== Al-Tabari ===

{{Quote|Tafsir Al-Tabari, 14/142|The interpretation of the verse "And those of your women as have passed the age of monthly courses, for them the 'Iddah (prescribed period), if you have doubt (about their periods), is three months; '''and for those who have no courses (i.e. they are still immature) their 'Iddah (prescribed period) is three months likewise". He said: The same applies to the 'idaah for girls who do not menstruate because they are too young, if their husbands divorce them after consummating the marriage with them.'''}}

===Al-Zamakhshari===

{{quote |1=[http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=2&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=1 Qur'an 65:4] Al-Zamakhshari, Al-Kashshaaf|2= {{right|
روي أن ناساً قالوا: قد عرفنا عدة ذوات الأقراء، فما عدة اللائي لا يحضن؛ فنزلت: فمعنى إِنِ ٱرْتَبْتُمْ }: إن أشكل عليكم حكمهن وجهلتم كيف يعتددن فهذا حكمهنّ، وقيل: إن ارتبتم في ذم البالغات مبلغ اليأس وقد قدروه بستين سنة وبخمس وخمسين، أهو دم حيض أو استحاضة؟ { فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَـٰثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ } وإذا كانت هذه عدة المرتاب بها، فغير المرتاب بها أولى بذلك '''{ وَٱلَّٰۤئى لَمْ يَحِضْنَ }''' هن الصغائر''' }} }}

The bold text means “Those who have not menstruated” are young girls.

=== Tabrasi ===

{{quote |1=[http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=3&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&Page=7&Size=1&LanguageId=1 Qur'an 65:4] Tabrasi|2= {{right|
{ واللآئي لم يحضن } تقديره واللآئي لم يحضن إن ارتبتم فعدتهن أيضاً ثلاثة أشهر وحذف لدلالة الكلام الأول عليه وهن اللواتي '''لم يبلغن''' المحيض ومثلهن تحيض على ما مرَّ بيانه.}} }}

The bold text translates as “They are those who haven’t reached the age of menstruation”. Tabrasi comments on the phrase “Wallaee Lam yahidhna” = “Those who have not menstruated yet” in the verse.

=== Al-Shoukani ===

{{quote |1=[http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=9&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&Page=3&Size=1&LanguageId=1 Qur'an 65:4] Al-Shoukani, Fath al-Qadir|2= {{right|
{ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَـٰثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ '''وَٱللاَّئِى لَمْ يَحِضْنَ } لصغرهن، وعدم بلوغهن سن المحيض،''' أي: فعدتهن ثلاثة أشهر }} }}

The bold part translated as: “Those who have not menstruated yet” are young girls who have not reached the age of menstruation.

=== Abu-Hayyan ===

{{quote |1=[http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=19&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=1 Qur'an 65:4] Abu-Hayyan|2= {{right|
واللائي '''لم يحضن''' } ، فالعدة هذه، فتلخص في قوله: { إن ارتبتم } قولان: أحدهما، أنه على ظاهر مفهوم اللغة فيه، وهو حصول الشك؛ والآخر، أن معناه التيقن للإياس؛ والقول الأول معناه: إن ارتبتم في دمها، أهو دم حيض أو دم علة؟ أو إن ارتبتم في علوق بحمل أم لا؛ أو إن ارتبتم: أي جهلتم عدتهن، أقوال. والظاهر أن قوله: واللائي '''لم يحضن''' } يشمل من لم يحض لصغر، }} }}

The bold: “Those who have not menstruated yet” denotes those not menstruated because of being young.

== Evidence from the Hadith==

From Imam Bukhari in his book of Tafsir and hadith collections:

{{Quote|[http://bewley.virtualave.net/bukhari33.html Sahih Al-Bukhari, Chapter 68: Book of Tafsir]|'''CCCLXXXIV: The Tafsir of Surat at-Talaq''' Mujahid said that "if you have any doubt" (65:4) means if you do not know whether she menstruates or not. Those who do not longer menstruate and '''those who have not yet menstruated, their 'idda is three months'''.}}

{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url= http://archive.org/download/SahihAl-bukhari9Vol.Set/SahihAl-bukhariVol.7-Ahadith5063-5969.pdf|title= The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih Al-Bukhari|publisher= Dar-us-Salam Publications|isbn= 9960-717-38-0|author= Al-Bukhari (au.), Muhammad M. Khan (tr.)|date= June 1, 1997|series=vol. 7, book 67, ch. 39|page= 57|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2FSahihAl-bukhari9Vol.Set%2FSahihAl-bukhariVol.7-Ahadith5063-5969.pdf&date=2013-08-13|deadurl=no}}|'''(39) CHAPTER. Giving one's young children in marriage (is permissible).'''

By virtue of the Statement of Allah : "...and for those who have no (monthly)
courses (i.e. they are still immature).. (V.65:4) And the 'Idda for the girl before puberty is
three months (in the above Verse).

'''5133.''' Narrated 'Aishah; that the Prophet wrote the marriage contract with her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old, and then she remained with him for nine years (i.e. till his death).}}

From Sahih Muslim:

{{Quote|Capter heading for {{Muslim|8|3309}} to {{Muslim|8|3311}}|Chapter 10: It is permissible for the father to give the hand of his daughter in marriage '''even when she is not fully grown''' up.}}

The following Muwatta hadith shows it's permissible to marry girls who have not reached puberty:

{{quote|{{Muwatta|29|33|108|}}|
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, visited Umm Salama while she was in mourning for Abu Salama and she had put aloes on her eyes. He said, "What is this, Umm Salama?" She said, "It is only aloes, Messenger of Allah." He said, "Put it on at night and wipe it off in the daytime."

'''Malik said, "The mourning of a young girl who has not yet had a menstrual period takes the same form as the mourning of one who has had a period. She avoids what a mature woman avoids if her husband dies." '''

Malik said, "A slave-girl mourns her husband when he dies for two months and five nights like her idda.''

Malik said, "An umm walad does not have to mourn when her master dies, and a slave-girl does not have to mourn when her master dies. Mourning is for those with husbands."}}

The following is from Fath al-Bari, the most authoritative commentary on Sahih Al-Bukhari:

{{Quote|1=|2= {{right|
واللائي لم يحضن , فجعل عدتها ثلاثة أشهر قبل البلوغ ) ‏ ‏أي فدل على أن نكاحها قبل البلوغ جائز
}}

"and those who never had menses, their prescribed period is three months before puberty, which indicates that giving her into marriage before puberty is permissible."<ref>[http://hadith.al-islam.com/display/Display.asp?Doc=0&Rec=7644 Al-Islam (Arabic text)]</ref><ref>[http://www.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=9381&idto=9382&bk_no=52&ID=2847 IslamWeb (Arabic text)]</ref>}}

==Recent Fatwas==

IslamOnline.net is the sixth most popular Islamic website on the internet, according to Wikipedia. The following excerpt is taken from a December 2010 fatwa.

{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamonline.net%2Far%2FIOLCounsel_C%2F1278406761316%2F1278406720653%2F%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%9F-&date=2011-02-03 Is it permissible to restrict the age at which girls can marry?] Submitted by Ahmad, IslamOnline, December 24, 2010|2=The Noble Qur'an has also mentioned the waiting period [i.e. for a divorced wife to remarry] for the wife who has not yet menstruated, saying: "And those who no longer expect menstruation among your women - if you doubt, then their period is three months, and [also for] those who have not menstruated" [Qur'an 65:4]. Since this is not negated later, '''we can take from this verse that it is permissible to have sexual intercourse with a prepubescent girl'''. The Qur'an is not like the books of jurisprudence which mention what the implications of things are, even if they are prohibited. '''It is true that the prophet (PBUH) entered into a marriage contract with A'isha when she was six years old, however he did not have sex with her until she was nine years old''', according to al-Bukhari.}}

{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/61C5nBLpe Child marriage in Islam] Islamweb, Fatwa No. 88089, June 24, 2004|2='''Getting married at an early age is something that is confirmed by the book of Allah''', the Sunnah of his Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam), the consensus of the scholars and the actions of the companions, and the Muslims who came after them.

Moreover, the interest of Shariah proves it. So the claim that this was abrogated is not correct. And the Hadith did not include that meaning; it just states that a virgin woman is not to be married until consulted.

The evidence from the Qur'an is:

1. The saying of Allah: "And those of your women as have passed the age of monthly courses, for them the 'Iddah (prescribed period), if you have doubts (about their periods), is three months, and for those who have no courses [(i.e. they are still immature) their 'Iddah (prescribed period) is three months likewise, except in case of death]". (At-Talaq 65:4)

So, '''Allah set rulings of marriage, divorce and waiting period for the women who have not yet had menses, i.e. the young girls'''.

The Iddah (waiting period) does not take place except after marriage.}}

== Apologetic Objections ==

=== The Qur'an prohibits marriage to pre-pubescent females ===

Modern apologists who reject the tafsirs and the ahadith often wish to present Qur'an 65:4 as having been 'mistranslated' or 'misunderstood' throughout the ages by all of their own Islamic scholars. Instead they wish to re-translate 65:4 in a less harmful way, and then point to other verses in the Qur'an in an attempt to show that Allah did not allow Muslim men to marry pre-pubescent females. The favourite verse for this is usually Qur'an 4:6:

{{quote|{{Qtt|4|6}}|
{{right|وابتلوا اليتامى حتى اذا بلغوا النكاح فان انستم منهم رشدا فادفعوا اليهم اموالهم ولاتاكلوها اسرافا وبدارا ان يكبروا ومن كان غنيا فليستعفف ومن كان فقيرا فلياكل بالمعروف فاذا دفعتم اليهم اموالهم فاشهدوا عليهم وكفى بالله حسيبا
}}

'''Transliteration:''' Waibtaloo alyatama hatta itha balaghoo aln'''nikaha''' fa-in anastum minhum rushdan faidfaAAoo ilayhim amwalahum wala ta/kulooha israfan wabidaran an yakbaroo waman kana ghaniyyan falyastaAAfif waman kana faqeeran falya/kul bialmaAAroofi fa-itha dafaAAtum ilayhim amwalahum faashhidoo AAalayhim wakafa biAllahi haseeban

'''Yusuf Ali:''' Make trial of orphans until they reach the age of marriage; if then ye find sound judgment in them, release their property to them; but consume it not wastefully, nor in haste against their growing up. If the guardian is well-off, Let him claim no remuneration, but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is just and reasonable. When ye release their property to them, take witnesses in their presence: But all-sufficient is Allah in taking account.

'''Pickthal:''' Prove orphans till they reach the marriageable age; then, if ye find them of sound judgment, deliver over unto them their fortune; and devour it not by squandering and in haste lest they should grow up Whoso (of the guardians) is rich, let him abstain generously (from taking of the property of orphans); and whoso is poor let him take thereof in reason (for his guardianship). And when ye deliver up their fortune unto orphans, have (the transaction) witnessed in their presence. Allah sufficeth as a Reckoner.

'''Shakir:''' And test the orphans until they attain puberty; then if you find in them maturity of intellect, make over to them their property, and do not consume it extravagantly and hastily, lest they attain to full age; and whoever is rich, let him abstain altogether, and whoever is poor, let him eat reasonably; then when you make over to them their property, call witnesses in their presence; and Allah is enough as a Reckoner.}}

Both Yusuf Ali and Pickthal render the phrase of "marriageable age"/"age of marriage", whereas Shakir says "attain puberty", the actual word used is [[Nikah]] which literally translated means "fuck" <ref>[http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume8/00000102.pdf Lane's Lexicon: Volume 8, Page 102 - Nun-Kaf-Ha]</ref> . ''Zuwaj'' <ref>[http://www.studyquran.co.uk/28_ZAY.htm Lane's Lexicon - Zay-Waw-Jiim]</ref> is the correct word for marriage in Arabic, but the Qur'an uses both words in reference to marrying women; Nikah for human females and Zuwaj for the Houris. This means that Shakir's translation of "attain puberty" is not correct, as the actual word being translated is used regarding marriage and has nothing to do with puberty.

Furthermore, this verse is not even discussing marriage; it's talking about those who have guardianship over ''male'' orphans; that when they judge them to be mentally mature enough, they should give over their property to them. The verse simply says that you can start testing them for this maturity when they reach "marriageable age" - it does not specify that age. The Tafsir's agree with this understanding of 4:6:

{{quote|1=[http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=4&tid=10463 Giving Back the Property of the Orphans When They Reach Adulthood (Qur'an 4:6)] Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=
'''Giving Back the Property of the Orphans When They Reach Adulthood'''

Allah said,
{{right|
[وَابْتَلُواْ الْيَتَـمَى]
}}
(And test orphans) meaning, test their intelligence, as Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Al-Hasan, As-Suddi and Muqatil bin Hayyan stated.
{{right|
[حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغُواْ النِّكَاحَ]
}}
(until they reach the age of marriage), the age of puberty, according to Mujahid. The age of puberty according to the majority of scholars comes when the child has a wet dream. In his Sunan, Abu Dawud recorded that `Ali said, "I memorized these words from the Messenger of Allah ,
{{right|
«لَا يُتْمَ بَعْدَ احْتِلَامٍ، وَلَا صُمَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِلَى اللَّيْل»
}}
(There is no orphan after the age of puberty nor vowing to be silent throughout the day to the night.) In another Hadith, `A'ishah and other Companions said that the Prophet said,
{{right|
«رُفِعَ الْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ، عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ، وَعَنِ النَّائِمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ، وَعَنِ الْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يُفِيق»
}}
s(The pen does not record the deeds of three persons: the child until the age of puberty, the sleeping person until waking up, and the senile until sane.) Or, the age of fifteen is considered the age of adolescence. In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that Ibn `Umar said, "I was presented in front of the Prophet on the eve of the battle of Uhud, while I was fourteen years of age, and he did not allow me to take part in that battle. But I was presented in front of him on the eve of the battle of Al-Khandaq (The Trench) when I was fifteen years old, and he allowed me (to join that battle).'' `Umar bin `Abdul-`Aziz commented when this Hadith reached him, "This is the difference between a child and an adult.'' There is a difference of opinion over whether pubic hair is considered a sign of adulthood, and the correct opinion is that it is. The Sunnah supports this view, according to a Hadith collected by Imam Ahmad from `Atiyah Al-Qurazi who said, We were presented to the Prophet on the day of Qurizah, whoever had pubic hair was killed, whoever did not was left free to go, I was one of those who did not, so I was left free.'' The Four Sunan compilers also recorded similar to it. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' Allah's statement,
{{right|
[فَإِنْ ءَانَسْتُمْ مِّنْهُمْ رُشْداً فَادْفَعُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَلَهُمْ]
}}
(if then you find sound judgment in them, release their property to them,) Sa`id bin Jubayr said that this portion of the Ayah means, when you find them to be good in the religion and wise with their money. Similar was reported from Ibn `Abbas, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and others among the Imams. The scholars of Fiqh stated that when the child becomes good in the religion and wise concerning with money, then the money that his caretaker was keeping for him should be surrendered to him.}}

{{quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=4&tAyahNo=6&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Qur'an 4:6] Tafsir al-Jalalayn|2=
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{ وَٱبْتَلُواْ ٱلْيَتَامَىٰ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغُواْ النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِّنْهُمْ رُشْداً فَٱدْفَعُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلاَ تَأْكُلُوهَآ إِسْرَافاً وَبِدَاراً أَن يَكْبَرُواْ وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيّاً فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَن كَانَ فَقِيراً فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِذَا دَفَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَأَشْهِدُواْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ حَسِيباً }
}}
Try, test, well the orphans, before reaching maturity with regard [the duties of] religion and [before] they can [legally] manage their own affairs, until they reach the age of marrying, that is, until they have become eligible for it through puberty or [legal] age, which, according to al-Shāfi‘ī, is the completion of fifteen years; then, if you perceive in them maturity, that is, right [judgement] in matters of religion and their property, deliver their property to them; consume it not, O guardians, wastefully, without due merit, and in haste, that is, hastening to expend it, fearing, lest they should grow up, and become mature, at which time you will be obliged to hand it over to them. If any man, who is a guardian, is rich, let him be abstinent, that is, let him abstain from the orphan’s property and refrain from consuming it; if he is poor, let him consume, of it, honourably, that is, in line with the wage for his work. And when you deliver to them, the orphans, their property, take witnesses over them, that they have received it and that you are absolved [of the obligation], so that if any dispute occurs, you are able to refer to a clear proof: this is a command [intended] for guidance. God suffices as a reckoner, as a guardian of His creatures’ deeds and as a reckoner of these [deeds] (the bā’ [in bi’Llāhi] is extra).}}

{{quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=4&tAyahNo=6&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Qur'an 4:6] Tafsîr Ibn Abbas|2=
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{ وَٱبْتَلُواْ ٱلْيَتَامَىٰ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغُواْ النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِّنْهُمْ رُشْداً فَٱدْفَعُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلاَ تَأْكُلُوهَآ إِسْرَافاً وَبِدَاراً أَن يَكْبَرُواْ وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيّاً فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَن كَانَ فَقِيراً فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِذَا دَفَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَأَشْهِدُواْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ حَسِيباً }
}}
(Prove orphans) test the intelligence of orphans (till they reach the marriageable age) the age of puberty; (then, if ye find them of) if you see that they possess (sound judgement) righteousness in Religion and a tendency to protect their wealth, (deliver over unto them their fortune) then give their wealth which is with you; (and devour it not squandering) it in transgression and unlawfully (and in haste) in haste lest the orphan grows older and consumes it little by little (lest they should grow up) for fear that they grow older and stop you from devouring their wealth. (Whoso (of the guardians) is rich) and needs not the orphan's wealth, (let him abstain generously) because of his richness from taking of the property of orphans, nor should he diminish anything from their wealth; (and whoso is poor) and needy (let him take thereof in reason (for his guardianship)) in measure, such that he is not in need for the wealth of orphans; it is also said that this means: he should take from the wealth of orphans in proportion with the measure of his work regarding this wealth; and it is also said that this means: he can take from the wealth of orphans as a loan to be paid back. (And when ye deliver up their fortune unto orphans) when they reach the legal age, (have (the transaction) witnessed in their presence) when you deliver it to them. (Allah sufficeth as a Reckoner) Allah suffices as a witness. This verse was revealed about Thabit Ibn Rifa'ah al-Ansari.}}

{{quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=4&tAyahNo=6&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Qur'an 4:6] Al-Wahidi, Asbab Al-Nuzul|2=
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{ وَٱبْتَلُواْ ٱلْيَتَامَىٰ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغُواْ النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِّنْهُمْ رُشْداً فَٱدْفَعُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلاَ تَأْكُلُوهَآ إِسْرَافاً وَبِدَاراً أَن يَكْبَرُواْ وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيّاً فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَن كَانَ فَقِيراً فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِذَا دَفَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَأَشْهِدُواْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ حَسِيباً }
}}
(Prove orphans…) [4:6]. This was revealed about Thabit ibn Rifa‘ah and his uncle. Rifa‘ah died when his son Thabit was very young. The uncle of Thabit went to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: “The son of my brother is an orphan under my care, what is lawful for me from his wealth? And when should I give him back his wealth?” And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse.}}

=== The Arabic word “Nisa” does not refer to young females ===

Apologists claim that the Qur'an only uses the word ''Nisa'' to refer to mature, adult women, therefore 65:4 cannot be talking about pre-pubescent females. This is indeed a weak argument, which we can refute using the Qur'an itself. Here are some verses that use the word ''"nisa"'':

{{Quote|{{Qtt|2|49}}|'''Transliteration:''' ''Waith najjaynakum min ali firawna yasoomoonakum sooa alAAathabi yuthabbihoona abnaakum wayastahyoona '''Nisa'''akum wafee thalikum balaon min rabbikum AAatheemun'' 

'''Yusuf Ali:''' And remember, We delivered you from the people of Pharaoh: They set you hard tasks and punishments, slaughtered your sons and let your women-folk live; therein was a tremendous trial from your Lord.}}

{{Quote|{{Qtt|7|127}}|'''Transliteration:''' ''Waqala almalao min qawmi firawna atatharu moosa waqawmahu liyufsidoo fee alardi wayatharaka waalihataka qala sanuqattilu abnaahum wanastahyee '''Nisa'''ahum wainna fawqahum qahiroona'' 

'''Yusuf Ali:''' Said the chiefs of Pharaoh’s people: “Wilt thou leave Moses and his people, to spread mischief in the land, and to abandon thee and thy gods?” He said: “Their male children will we slay; (only) their females will we save alive; and we have over them (power) irresistible."}}

{{Quote|{{Qtt|7|141}}|'''Transliteration:''' ''Waith anjaynakum min ali firawna yasoomoonakum sooa alAAathabi yuqattiloona abnaakum wayastahyoona '''Nisa'''akum wafee thalikum balaon min rabbikum AAatheemun'' 

'''Yusuf Ali:''' And remember we rescued you from Pharaoh’s people, who afflicted you with the worst of penalties, who slew your male children and saved alive your females: in that was a momentous trial from your Lord.}}

{{Quote|{{Qtt|14|6}}|'''Transliteration:''' ''Waith qala moosa liqawmihi othkuroo niAAmata Allahi AAalaykum ith anjakum min ali firawna yasoomoonakum sooa alAAathabi wayuthabbihoona abnaakum wayastahyoona '''Nisa'''akum wafee thalikum balaon min rabbikum AAatheemun'' 

'''Yusuf Ali:''' Remember! Moses said to his people: “Call to mind the favour of Allah to you when He delivered you from the people of Pharaoh: they set you hard tasks and punishments, slaughtered your sons, and let your females live: therein was a tremendous trial from your Lord.}}

{{Quote|{{Qtt|40|25}}|'''Transliteration:''' ''Falamma jaahum bialhaqqi min AAindina qaloo oqtuloo abnaa allatheena amanoo maAAahu waistahyoo '''Nisa'''ahum wama kaydu alkafireena illa fee dalalin'' 

'''Yusuf Ali:''' Now, when he came to them in Truth, from Us, they said, "Slay the sons of those who believe with him, and keep alive their females," but the plots of Unbelievers (end) in nothing but errors (and delusions)!...}}

In the above verses, the word ''"Nisa"'' is referring to female infants. To understand this clearly, we must look to the Exodus account, because these verses were plagiarized from the Bible.

{{Quote|1=[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%201:15-16;&version=49; Exodus 1:15-16]|2=

''"And the king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, of whom the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah; and he said: ‘When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, ye shall look upon the birthstool: if it be a son, then ye shall kill him; but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.’''}}

{{Quote|1=[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%201:22;&version=49; Exodus 1:22]|2=
''And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying: ‘Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.''}}

Moreover the Quran itself clarifies “Who the ''Nisa'' are”.

{{Quote|{{qtt|4|127}}|{{right|
‏ويستفتونك في النساء قل الله يفتيكم فيهن ومايتلى عليكم في الكتاب في يتامى النساء اللاتي لاتؤتونهن ماكتب لهن وترغبون ان تنكحوهن والمستضعفين من الولدان وان تقوموا لليتامى بالقسط وماتفعلوا من خير فان الله كان به عليما }}

'''Transliteration:''' ''Wayastaftoonaka fee alnnisa-i quli Allahu yufteekum feehinna wama yutla AAalaykum fee alkitabi fee yatama alnnisa-i allatee la tu/toonahunna ma kutiba lahunna watarghaboona an tankihoohunna waalmustadAAafeena mina alwildani waan taqoomoo lilyatama bialqisti wama tafAAaloo min khayrin fa-inna Allaha kana bihi AAaleeman''

'''Literal:''' And they ask for your opinion/clarification in the women, say: "God decreed/clarifies in them (F), and what is read/recited on you in The Book in the women orphans/minors that lose their father, those who (F) you did not give them (F) what was written/dictated to them (F), and you desire that you marry them (F), and the weakened from the children/new borns, and that you take care of to the orphans/minors that lose their father with the just/equitable; and what you make/do from goodness, so that God was/is with it knowledgeable."<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/4/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-11-27}} 4. An-Nisa - Women (سورة النساء) - Revealed in Madinah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed November 27, 2011</ref>}}

In summary, when Muslims asked Muhammad who the "Nisa" were, he said they were the:

# Orphans
# Female wards
# Those you desire to marry
# The weakened from the children or new born.

=== This verse applies to married teenagers ===

{{quote || There is an alternative interpretation that does not involve pederasty, which is sexual activity between young girls and boys, i.e. early teenage years when menstruation may not have begun (or become regular) among girls, who are married to boys similar in age. This type of marriage was not uncommon in Semitic cultures, for example some scholars suggest that Mary (the mother of Jesus) was somewhere between the ages of twelve and fourteen when she married Joseph (although it should be noted that non-canonical gospels suggest Joseph was a mature man, possibly as old as ninety<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08504a.htm St. Joseph] - New Advent (For more on the marriage between Joseph and Mary, see [[Joseph the Pedophile]])</ref>).

Given that sexual activity among teenagers is common among many cultures, including Western ones, this appears to be the most reasonable interpretation. }}

Given the evidence from the Islamic texts themselves, this interpretation is not the 'most reasonable' as asserted. We have ample [[Muhammad and the Clinical Definition of Pedophilia|evidence]] that Muhammad (who is considered the [[Uswa Hasana|uswa hasana]] - perfect example) married and had sex with a pre-pubescent Aisha, we have evidence that [[Muhammad's Companions and Pedophilia|Muhammad's companions also did it]] and that [[Contemporary Pedophilic Islamic Marriages|Muslims to this very day]] are marrying pre-pubescent females and having intercourse with them. In none of these cases are the husbands comparable in age to the wife. So even though this is a ''possible'' interpretation, it is by no means the ''only reason'' that Muhammad revealed this verse - as evidenced also in the tafsir's provided above. Simply put, Muhammad did not specify an 'iddah for those whom menstruation was not present, so one had to be sent regarding these 3 groups of women. Nowhere in the Qur'an or the ahadith does it discuss teenagers marrying teenagers (ie. to 'explain' this verse) and all the evidence that we have points to [much] older men marrying and having sexual relations with pre-pubescent females.

=== 65.4 talks only of the 'Iddah and not of sexual activity ===

Often pointed out is the fact that 65.4 does not explictly discuss consummation or other sexual activity in regards to any of the females discussed in the verse; it merely sets the prescribed 'Iddah required for each. The 'iddah (prescribed waiting period) for females is required after a divorce or widowing, so that a child's father can be correctly idenfitied. This is established in Qur'an 33:49. The verse is quoted above.

Here are some tafsirs on this ayah:

{{Quote|1=[http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1841&Itemid=89#1 A Gift and no (Iddah) for Women Who are divorced before Consummation of the Marriage (Qur'an 33:49)] Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2= {{right|
(يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحاً جَمِيلاً)}}

49. O you who believe! When you marry believing women, and then divorce them before you have sexual intercourse with them, no `Iddah have you to count in respect of them. So, give them a present, and set them free in a handsome manner.)

This Ayah contains many rulings, including the use of the word Nikah for the marriage contract alone. There is no other Ayah in the Qur'an that is clearer than this on this point. It also indicates that it is permissible to divorce a woman before consummating the marriage with her.
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(الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ)
}}
(believing women)
This refers to what is usually the case, although there is no difference between a believing (Muslim) woman and a woman of the People of the Book in this regard, according to scholarly consensus. Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, `Ali bin Al-Husayn Zayn-ul-`Abidin and a group of the Salaf took this Ayah as evidence that divorce cannot occur unless it has been preceded by marriage, because Allah says,
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(إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ)
}}
(When you marry believing women, and then divorce them)

The marriage contract here is followed by divorce, which indicates that the divorce cannot be valid if it comes first. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "If someone were to say, `every woman I marry will ipso facto be divorced,' this does not mean anything, because Allah says:
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(يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ)
}}
(O you who believe! When you marry believing women, and then divorce them....).'' It was also reported that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "Allah said,
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(إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ)
}}
(When you marry believing women, and then divorce them.) Do you not see that divorce comes after marriage'' A Hadith to the same effect was recorded from `Amr bin Shu`ayb from his father from his grandfather, who said: "The Messenger of Allah said:
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«لَا طَلَاقَ لِابْنِ آدَمَ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِك»
}}
(There is no divorce for the son of Adam with regard to that which he does not possess.) This was recorded by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah. At-Tirmidhi said, "This is a Hasan Hadith, and it is the best thing that has been narrated on this matter.'' It was also recorded by Ibn Majah from `Ali and Al-Miswar bin Makhramah, may Allah be pleased with them, that the Messenger of Allah said:
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«لَا طَلَاقَ قَبْلَ نِكَاح»
}}
(There is no divorce before marriage.)
{{right|
(فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا)
}}
(no `Iddah have you to count in respect of them.) This is a command on which the scholars are agreed, that if a woman is divorced before the marriage is consummated, she does not have to observe the `Iddah (prescribed period for divorce) and she may go and get married immediately to whomever she wishes. The only exception in this regard is a woman whose husband died, in which case she has to observe an `Iddah of four months and ten days even if the marriage was not consummated. This is also according to the consensus of the scholars.
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(فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحاً جَمِيلاً)
}}
(So, give them a present, and set them free in a handsome manner.) The present here refers to something more general than half of the named dowery or a special gift that has not been named. Allah says:
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(وَإِن طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدْ فَرَضْتُمْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً فَنِصْفُ مَا فَرَضْتُمْ)
}}
(And if you divorce them before you have touched (had a sexual relation with) them, and you have fixed unto them their due (dowery) then pay half of that) (2:237). And Allah says:
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(لاَّ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِن طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَآءَ مَا لَمْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوْ تَفْرِضُواْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَعَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدْرُهُ مَتَـعاً بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ)
}}
(There is no sin on you, if you divorce women while yet you have not touched them, nor fixed unto them their due (dowery). But bestow on them gift, the rich according to his means, and the poor according to his means, a gift of reasonable amount is a duty on the doers of good.) (2:236) pIn Sahih Al-Bukhari, it was recorded that Sahl bin Sa`d and Abu Usayd, may Allah be pleased with them both, said, "The Messenger of Allah married Umaymah bint Sharahil, and when she entered upon him he reached out his hand towards her, and it was as if she did not like that, so he told Abu Usayd to give her two garments.'' `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said "If the dowery had been named, she would not be entitled to more than half, but if the dowery is not been named, he should give her a gift according to his means, and this is the "handsome manner.''}}

{{Quote|1=[http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=33&tAyahNo=49&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Qur'an 33:49] Tafsir al-Jalalayn|2= {{right|
(يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوۤاْ إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحاً جَمِيلاً)
}}
O you who believe if you marry believing women and then divorce them before you have touched them (read tamassūhunna or tumāsūhunna) that is, before you have copulated with them, there shall be no [waiting] period for you to reckon against them, [no] waiting period [needed to preclude pregnancy] or otherwise. But provide for them, give them what they can use for [securing] comforts, in cases where no dowry has been fixed for them; otherwise theirs is to retain half of what was fixed, but no more — this is what Ibn ‘Abbās said and it is [the opinion] followed by al-Shāfi‘ī’; and release them in a gracious manner, leave them be without [the intention to cause them any] harm.}}

{{Quote|1=[http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=33&tAyahNo=49&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Qur'an 33:49] Tafsir 'Ibn Abbas|2= {{right|
(يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوۤاْ إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحاً جَمِيلاً)
}}
(O ye who believe! If ye wed believing women) without naming the amount of their dowry (and divorce them before ye have touched them) before you had sexual intercourse with them, (then there is no period that ye should reckon) by counting the months or the periods of menstruation. (But content them) as is due by divorce by giving them at least a scarf or shawl (and release them handsomely) divorce them without any harm done to them.}}

This verse effectively removes the apologist's objection to Qur'an 65.4 as we see clearly that if a man has not consummated his marriage with his wife then she does not need to observe an 'iddah. If Qur'an 65.4 specifies that pre-pubescent females must observe a 3 month 'iddah then clearly sexual intercourse is halal to Allah.

=== This verse is only talking about adult women who don't know if they are pregnant ===

The very reason 65:4 was revealed in the first place, was as a clarification to an existing revelation by Allah. Allah had already revealed that women must wait 3 menstrual periods before they can end the 'iddat and be free to marry again. This is in Qur'an 2:228:

{{quote|{{Quran|2|228}}|'''And the divorced women should keep themselves in waiting for three courses; and it is not lawful for them that they should conceal what Allah has created in their wombs''', if they believe in Allah and the last day; and their husbands have a better right to take them back in the meanwhile if they wish for reconciliation; and they have rights similar to those against them in a just manner, and the men are a degree above them, and Allah is Mighty, Wise. }}

However, after this, Muslim men went to Muhammad to ask about those who did not presently have their menses - how do they measure the 'iddat in those cases? It is in this circumstance that Allah sent down the clarification (65:4) for the three groups of women that did not have menstruation, therefore they could not wait the '3 menstrual cycles' as mandated by Qur'an 2:228.

Those Muslims who make this claim are ignoring what all of their own scholars have said about 65:4; that it is referring to the peri-menopausal and post menopausal women, the pre-pubescent girls and the pregnant women. The women who are currently menstruating are told in Qur'an 2:228 that they must wait 3 menstrual cycles, therefore this apologetic is also debunked.

=== This verse is applied to unconsummated widows ===

Another claim is that Qur'an 65.4 doesn't necessarily mean that Muslim men can have sex with pre-pubescent females because there may be cases where a man has married a pre-pubescent female, but while waiting for her to attain menstruation before consummating the marriage, he died. The 'iddah could be referring to a situation such as this. This claim is invalid because the Qur'an specifies the 'iddah for ''all'' widows to be 4 months and 10 days; in Qur'an 2:234:

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|234}}|And (as for) those of you who die and leave wives behind, they should keep themselves in waiting for four months and ten days; then when they have fully attained their term, there is no blame on you for what they do for themselves in a lawful manner; and Allah is aware of what you do.}}

This verse clearly contradicts this particular apologist claim, since the 'Iddah specified in Qur'an 65.4 is for a different amount of time, therefore the verses are referring to different situations.

==Conclusion==

The Qur'an in verse 33:49 states that no 'Iddah is prescribed for a woman who has ''not'' had intimate contact with her husband, but goes on to stipulate the 'Iddah for pre-pubescent girls in verse 65:4, meaning the holiest text of Islam supports marrying and having sex with prepubescent girls. This is definitive proof that the Qur'an endorses pedophilia, something that is considered by many people to be the most serious of all sexual crimes.

{{Core Pedophilia}}

== See Also ==

*[[Contemporary Pedophilic Islamic Marriages]]
*[[Responses to Apologetics - Muhammad and Aisha|Responses to Apologetics: Muhammad and Aisha‎]]

{{Translation-links-english|[[Pedophilie_dans_le_Coran|French]]}}

== External Links ==

*[http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Versions/065.004.html Marriage to Minors: Surah At-Talaq (65:4)] - ''[[Answering Islam]]''

The following links show that girls as young as 8 months have been able to menstruate. This does not mean it is acceptable to have sex with them:

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina_Medina Lina Medina, The youngest mother in history]
*[http://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=2610353 Puberty Hitting Girls as Young as 4 Years Old]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Pedophilia]]
[[Category:Islamic Law]]

List of Abrogations in the Qur'an

2016-01-31T14:42:15Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 46.185.189.71 (talk) to last revision by Sahab

<center>''The verses on the left are the [[Abrogation|abrogated]] verses (Mansūkh) of the [[Qur'an]], while the verses on the right are the abrogating verses (Nāsikh). The "Verse of the Sword" refers to Quran 9:5, and due to how many verses it abrogates (about 113),<ref>An-Nasikh -wal- Mansukh, by Ibn Khuzyamh states 113 verses are abrogated by the Sword verse (9: 5), and 9 verses are abrogated by the Fighting verse (9: 29): "Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day."</ref><ref>"''"Ibn `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said, "I have been commanded to fight the people until they testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establish the prayer and pay the Zakah." This honorable Ayah (9:5) was called the Ayah of the Sword, about which Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim said, "It abrogated every agreement of peace between the Prophet and any idolator, every treaty, and every term." Al-`Awfi said that Ibn `Abbas commented: "No idolator had any more treaty or promise of safety ever since Surah Bara'ah was revealed.''" - [http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=9&tAyahNo=5&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 This is the Ayah of the Sword], Tafsir al-Jalalayn</ref> we will write "Verse of the Sword" in place of this verse:''</center>

{{Quote|{{Quran-wi|9|5}}|But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practise regular charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.}}

<center><div align="center" style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; width: 650px">Surah: [[#Surah 2| 2]] | [[#Surah 3| 3]] | [[#Surah 4| 4]] | [[#Surah 5| 5]] | [[#Surah 6| 6]] | [[#Surah 7| 7]] | [[#Surah 8| 8]] | [[#Surah 9| 9]] | [[#Surah 10| 10]] | [[#Surah 11| 11]] | [[#Surah 13| 13]] | [[#Surah 15| 15]] | [[#Surah 16| 16]] | [[#Surah 17| 17]] | [[#Surah 19| 19]] | [[#Surah 20| 20]] | [[#Surah 22| 22]] | [[#Surah 23| 23]] | [[#Surah 24| 24]] | [[#Surah 25| 25]] | [[#Surah 26| 26]] | [[#Surah 27| 27]] | [[#Surah 28| 28]] | [[#Surah 29| 29]] | [[#Surah 30| 30]] | [[#Surah 31| 31]] | [[#Surah 32| 32]] | [[#Surah 33| 33]] | [[#Surah 34| 34]] | [[#Surah 35| 35]] | [[#Surah 36| 36]] | [[#Surah 37| 37]] | [[#Surah 38| 38]] | [[#Surah 39| 40]] | [[#Surah 41| 41]] | [[#Surah 42| 42]] | [[#Surah 43| 43]] | [[#Surah 44| 44]] | [[#Surah 45| 45]] | [[#Surah 46| 46]] | [[#Surah 47| 47]] | [[#Surah 50| 50]] | [[#Surah 51| 51]] | [[#Surah 52| 52]] | [[#Surah 53| 53]] | [[#Surah 54| 54]] | [[#Surah 56| 56]] | [[#Surah 58| 58]] | [[#Surah 60| 60]] | [[#Surah 68| 68]] | [[#Surah 70| 70]] | [[#Surah 73| 73]] | [[#Surah 74| 74]] | [[#Surah 75| 75]] | [[#Surah 76| 76]] | [[#Surah 80| 80]] | [[#Surah 81| 81]] | [[#Surah 86| 86]] | [[#Surah 88| 88]] | [[#Surah 95| 95]] | [[#Surah 103| 103]] |[[#Surah 109| 109]] </div></center>

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|3}}|Those who believe in the unseen and keep up prayer and spend out of what We have given them.| {{Quran-wi2|9|103}} | Take alms out of their property, you would cleanse them and purify them thereby, and pray for them; surely your prayer is a relief to them; and Allah is Hearing, Knowing.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|62}} | Surely those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabians, whoever believes in Allah and the Last day and does good, they shall have their reward from their Lord, and there is no fear for them, nor shall they grieve.| {{Quran-wi2|3|85}} | And whoever desires a religion other than Islam, it shall not be accepted from him, and in the hereafter he shall be one of the losers.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|83}} | And when We made a covenant with the children of Israel: You shall not serve any but Allah and (you shall do) good to (your) parents, and to the near of kin and to the orphans and the needy, and you shall speak to men good words and keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate. Then you turned back except a few of you and (now too) you turn aside. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|109}} | Many of the followers of the Book wish that they could turn you back into unbelievers after your faith, out of envy from themselves, (even) after the truth has become manifest to them; but pardon and forgive, so that Allah should bring about His command; surely Allah has power over all things. | {{Quran-wi2|9|29}} | Fight those who do not believe in Allah, nor in the latter day, nor do they prohibit what Allah and His Messenger have prohibited, nor follow the religion of truth, out of those who have been given the Book, until they pay the tax in acknowledgment of superiority and they are in a state of subjection.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|115}} | And Allah's is the East and the West, therefore, whither you turn, thither is Allah's purpose; surely Allah is Amplegiving, Knowing. | {{Quran-wi2|2|144}} |Indeed We see the turning of your face to heaven, so We shall surely turn you to a qiblah which you shall like; turn then your face towards the Sacred Mosque, and wherever you are, turn your face towards it, and those who have been given the Book most surely know that it is the truth from their Lord; and Allah is not at all heedless of what they do. }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|139}} | Say: Do you dispute with us about Allah, and He is our Lord and your Lord, and we shall have our deeds and you shall have your deeds, and we are sincere to Him. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|158}} | Surely the Safa and the Marwa are among the signs appointed by Allah; so whoever makes a pilgrimage to the House or pays a visit (to it), there is no blame on him if he goes round them both; and whoever does good spontaneously, then surely Allah is Grateful, Knowing. | {{Quran-wi2|2|130}} | And who forsakes the religion of Ibrahim but he who makes himself a fool, and most certainly We chose him in this world, and in the hereafter he is most surely among the righteous. }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|159}} | Surely those who conceal the clear proofs and the guidance that We revealed after We made it clear in the Book for men, these it is whom Allah shall curse, and those who curse shall curse them (too). | {{Quran-wi2|2|160}} | Except those who repent and amend and make manifest (the truth), these it is to whom I turn (mercifully); and I am the Oft-returning (to mercy), the Merciful.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|178}} |O you who believe! retaliation is prescribed for you in the matter of the slain, the free for the free, and the slave for the slave, and the female for the female, but if any remission is made to any one by his (aggrieved) brother, then prosecution (for the bloodwit) should be made according to usage, and payment should be made to him in a good manner; this is an alleviation from your Lord and a mercy; so whoever exceeds the limit after this he shall have a painful chastisement. |{{Quran-wi2|5|45}} {{Quran-wi2|17|33}}| And We prescribed to them in it that life is for life, and eye for eye, and nose for nose, and ear for ear, and tooth for tooth, and (that there is) reprisal in wounds; but he who foregoes it, it shall be an expiation for him; and whoever did not judge by what Allah revealed, those are they that are the unjust. And do not kill any one whom Allah has forbidden, except for a just cause, and whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the just limits in slaying; surely he is aided.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|180}} | Bequest is prescribed for you when death approaches one of you, if he leaves behind wealth for parents and near relatives, according to usage, a duty (incumbent) upon those who guard (against evil).| {{Quran-wi2|4|7}} {{Quran-wi2|4|11}} | Men shall have a portion of what the parents and the near relatives leave, and women shall have a portion of what the parents and the near relatives leave, whether there is little or much of it; a stated portion. Allah enjoins you concerning your children: The male shall have the equal of the portion of two females; then if they are more than two females, they shall have two-thirds of what the deceased has left, and if there is one, she shall have the half; and as for his parents, each of them shall have the sixth of what he has left if he has a child, but if he has no child and (only) his two parents inherit him, then his mother shall have the third; but if he has brothers, then his mother shall have the sixth after (the payment of) a bequest he may have bequeathed or a debt; your parents and your children, you know not which of them is the nearer to you in usefulness; this is an ordinance from Allah: Surely Allah is Knowing, Wise.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|183}} {{Quran-wi2|2|184}}|O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you, that ye may (learn) self-restraint, (Fasting) for a fixed number of days; but if any of you is ill, or on a journey, the prescribed number (Should be made up) from days later. For those who can do it (With hardship), is a ransom, the feeding of one that is indigent. But he that will give more, of his own free will,- it is better for him. And it is better for you that ye fast, if ye only knew. | {{Quran-wi2|2|185}} | The month of Ramazan is that in which the Quran was revealed, a guidance to men and clear proofs of the guidance and the distinction; therefore whoever of you is present in the month, he shall fast therein, and whoever is sick or upon a journey, then (he shall fast) a (like) number of other days; Allah desires ease for you, and He does not desire for you difficulty, and (He desires) that you should complete the number and that you should exalt the greatness of Allah for His having guided you and that you may give thanks.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|190}} | And fight in the way of Allah with those who fight with you, and do not exceed the limits, surely Allah does not love those who exceed the limits. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} {{Quran-wi2|9|36}} | Verse of the Sword Surely the number of months with Allah is twelve months in Allah's ordinance since the day when He created the heavens and the earth, of these four being sacred; that is the right reckoning; therefore be not unjust to yourselves regarding them, and fight the polytheists all together as they fight you all together; and know that Allah is with those who guard (against evil).}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|191}} {{Quran-wi2|2|192}} | And kill them wherever you find them, and drive them out from whence they drove you out, and persecution is severer than slaughter, and do not fight with them at the Sacred Mosque until they fight with you in it, but if they do fight you, then slay them; such is the recompense of the unbelievers. But if they desist, then surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|215}} | They ask you as to what they should spend. Say: Whatever wealth you spend, it is for the parents and the near of kin and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarer, and whatever good you do, Allah surely knows it. | {{Quran-wi2|9|60}} | Alms are for the poor and the needy, and those employed to administer the (funds); for those whose hearts have been (recently) reconciled (to Truth); for those in bondage and in debt; in the cause of Allah; and for the wayfarer: (thus is it) ordained by Allah, and Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom. }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|217}} | They ask you concerning the sacred month about fighting in it. Say: Fighting in it is a grave matter, and hindering (men) from Allah's way and denying Him, and (hindering men from) the Sacred Mosque and turning its people out of it, are still graver with Allah, and persecution is graver than slaughter; and they will not cease fighting with you until they turn you back from your religion, if they can; and whoever of you turns back from his religion, then he dies while an unbeliever-- these it is whose works shall go for nothing in this world and the hereafter, and they are the inmates of the fire; therein they shall abide. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|219}} | They ask you about intoxicants and games of chance. Say: In both of them there is a great sin and means of profit for men, and their sin is greater than their profit. And they ask you as to what they should spend. Say: What you can spare. Thus does Allah make clear to you the communications, that you may ponder | {{Quran-wi2|4|43}} {{Quran-wi2|5|90}} {{Quran-wi2|9|103}} |O you who believe! do not go near prayer when you are Intoxicated until you know (well) what you say, nor when you are under an obligation to perform a bath-- unless (you are) travelling on the road-- until you have washed yourselves; and if you are sick, or on a journey, or one of you come from the privy or you have touched the women, and you cannot find water, betake yourselves to pure earth, then wipe your faces and your hands; surely Allah is Pardoning, Forgiving. O you who believe! intoxicants and games of chance and (sacrificing to) stones set up and (dividing by) arrows are only an uncleanness, the Shaitan's work; shun it therefore that you may be successful. Take alms out of their property, you would cleanse them and purify them thereby, and pray for them; surely your prayer is a relief to them; and Allah is Hearing, Knowing.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|221}} | And do not marry the idolatresses until they believe, and certainly a believing maid is better than an idolatress woman, even though she should please you; and do not give (believing women) in marriage to idolaters until they believe, and certainly a believing servant is better than an idolater, even though he should please you; these invite to the fire, and Allah invites to the garden and to forgiveness by His will, and makes clear His communications to men, that they may be mindful. | {{Quran-wi2|5|5}} | This day (all) the good things are allowed to you; and the food of those who have been given the Book is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them; and the chaste from among the believing women and the chaste from among those who have been given the Book before you (are lawful for you); when you have given them their dowries, taking (them) in marriage, not fornicating nor taking them for paramours in secret; and whoever denies faith, his work indeed is of no account, and in the hereafter he shall be one of the losers.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|228}} | And the divorced women should keep themselves in waiting for three courses; and it is not lawful for them that they should conceal what Allah has created in their wombs, if they believe in Allah and the last day; and their husbands have a better right to take them back in the meanwhile if they wish for reconciliation; and they have rights similar to those against them in a just manner, and the men are a degree above them, and Allah is Mighty, Wise. | {{Quran-wi2|2|229}} {{Quran-wi2|2|230}} |Divorce may be (pronounced) twice, then keep (them) in good fellowship or let (them) go with kindness; and it is not lawful for you to take any part of what you have given them, unless both fear that they cannot keep within the limits of Allah; then if you fear that they cannot keep within the limits of Allah, there is no blame on them for what she gives up to become free thereby. These are the limits of Allah, so do not exceed them and whoever exceeds the limits of Allah these it is that are the unjust. So if he divorces her she shall not be lawful to him afterwards until she marries another husband; then if he divorces her there is no blame on them both if they return to each other (by marriage), if they think that they can keep within the limits of Allah, and these are the limits of Allah which He makes clear for a people who know.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|234}} | And (as for) those of you who die and leave wives behind, they should keep themselves in waiting for four months and ten days; then when they have fully attained their term, there is no blame on you for what they do for themselves in a lawful manner; and Allah is aware of what you do. | {{Quran-wi2|2|240}} | And those of you who die and leave wives behind, (make) a bequest in favor of their wives of maintenance for a year without turning (them) out, then if they themselves go away, there is no blame on you for what they do of lawful deeds by themselves, and Allah is Mighty, Wise.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|256}} | There is no compulsion in religion; truly the right way has become clearly distinct from error; therefore, whoever disbelieves in the Shaitan and believes in Allah he indeed has laid hold on the firmest handle, which shall not break off, and Allah is Hearing, Knowing. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|284}} | Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth is Allah's; and whether you manifest what is in your minds or hide it, Allah will call you to account according to it; then He will forgive whom He pleases and chastise whom He pleases, and Allah has power over all things. | {{Quran-wi2|2|286}} | Allah does not impose upon any soul a duty but to the extent of its ability; for it is (the benefit of) what it has earned and upon it (the evil of) what it has wrought: Our Lord! do not punish us if we forget or make a mistake; Our Lord! do not lay on us a burden as Thou didst lay on those before us, Our Lord do not impose upon us that which we have not the strength to bear; and pardon us and grant us protection and have mercy on us, Thou art our Patron, so help us against the unbelieving people.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|2|285}} | The messenger believes in what has been revealed to him from his Lord, and (so do) the believers; they all believe in Allah and His angels and His books and His messengers; We make no difference between any of His messengers; and they say: We hear and obey, our Lord! Thy forgiveness (do we crave), and to Thee is the eventual course. | {{Quran-wi2|2|286}} | Allah does not impose upon any soul a duty but to the extent of its ability; for it is (the benefit of) what it has earned and upon it (the evil of) what it has wrought: Our Lord! do not punish us if we forget or make a mistake; Our Lord! do not lay on us a burden as Thou didst lay on those before us, Our Lord do not impose upon us that which we have not the strength to bear; and pardon us and grant us protection and have mercy on us, Thou art our Patron, so help us against the unbelieving people.}}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|3|20}} | But if they dispute with you, say: I have submitted myself entirely to Allah and (so) every one who follows me; and say to those who have been given the Book and the unlearned people: Do you submit yourselves? So if they submit then indeed they follow the right way; and if they turn back, then upon you is only the delivery of the message and Allah sees the servants.| {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} {{Quran-wi2|33|50}} | Verse of the Sword O Prophet! surely We have made lawful to you your wives whom you have given their dowries, and those whom your right hand possesses out of those whom Allah has given to you as prisoners of war, and the daughters of your paternal uncles and the daughters of your paternal aunts, and the daughters of your maternal uncles and the daughters of your maternal aunts who fled with you; and a believing woman if she gave herself to the Prophet, if the Prophet desired to marry her-- specially for you, not for the (rest of) believers; We know what We have ordained for them concerning their wives and those whom their right hands possess in order that no blame may attach to you; and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|3|28}} | Let not the believers take the unbelievers for friends rather than believers; and whoever does this, he shall have nothing of (the guardianship of) Allah, but you should guard yourselves against them, guarding carefully; and Allah makes you cautious of (retribution from) Himself; and to Allah is the eventual coming. | {{Quran-wi2|8|57}} {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} {{Quran-wi2|51|55}} | Therefore if you overtake them in fighting, then scatter by (making an example of) them those who are in their rear, that they may be mindful. Verse of the Sword And continue to remind, for surely the reminder profits the believers. }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|3|102}} | O you who believe! be careful of (your duty to) Allah with the care which is due to Him, and do not die unless you are Muslims. | {{Quran-wi2|64|16}} | Therefore be careful of (your duty to) Allah as much as you can, and hear and obey and spend, it is better for your souls; and whoever is saved from the greediness of his soul, these it is that are the successful.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|3|111}} | They shall by no means harm you but with a slight evil; and if they fight with you they shall turn (their) backs to you, then shall they not be helped. | {{Quran-wi2|9|29}} | Fight those who do not believe in Allah, nor in the latter day, nor do they prohibit what Allah and His Messenger have prohibited, nor follow the religion of truth, out of those who have been given the Book, until they pay the tax in acknowledgment of superiority and they are in a state of subjection. }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|3|145}} | And a soul will not die but with the permission of Allah the term is fixed; and whoever desires the reward of this world, I shall give him of it, and whoever desires the reward of the hereafter I shall give him of it, and I will reward the grateful. | {{Quran-wi2|17|18}} | Whoever desires this present life, We hasten to him therein what We please for whomsoever We desire, then We assign to him the hell; he shall enter it despised, driven away. }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|3|186}} | You shall certainly be tried respecting your wealth and your souls, and you shall certainly hear from those who have been given the Book before you and from those who are polytheists much annoying talk; and if you are patient and guard (against evil), surely this is one of the affairs (which should be) determined upon. | {{Quran-wi2|9|29}} | Fight those who do not believe in Allah, nor in the latter day, nor do they prohibit what Allah and His Messenger have prohibited, nor follow the religion of truth, out of those who have been given the Book, until they pay the tax in acknowledgment of superiority and they are in a state of subjection.}}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|4|43}} | O you who believe! do not go near prayer when you are Intoxicated until you know (well) what you say, nor when you are under an obligation to perform a bath-- unless (you are) travelling on the road-- until you have washed yourselves; and if you are sick, or on a journey, or one of you come from the privy or you have touched the women, and you cannot find water, betake yourselves to pure earth, then wipe your faces and your hands; surely Allah is Pardoning, Forgiving. | {{Quran-wi2|5|90}} | O you who believe! intoxicants and games of chance and (sacrificing to) stones set up and (dividing by) arrows are only an uncleanness, the Shaitan's work; shun it therefore that you may be successful. }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|4|63}} | These are they of whom Allah knows what is in their hearts; therefore turn aside from them and admonish them, and speak to them effectual words concerning themselves. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|4|64}} | And We did not send any messenger but that he should be obeyed by Allah's permission; and had they, when they were unjust to themselves, come to you and asked forgiveness of Allah and the Messenger had (also) asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah Oft-returning (to mercy), Merciful. | {{Quran-wi2|9|80}} | Ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them; even if you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, Allah will not forgive them; this is because they disbelieve in Allah and His Messenger, and Allah does not guide the transgressing people.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|4|71}} | O you who believe! take your precaution, then go forth in detachments or go forth in a body. | {{Quran-wi2|9|122}} | And it does not beseem the believers that they should go forth all together; why should not then a company from every party from among them go forth that they may apply themselves to obtain understanding in religion, and that they may warn their people when they come back to them that they may be cautious?}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|4|80}} {{Quran-wi2|4|81}} | Whoever obeys the Messenger, he indeed obeys Allah, and whoever turns back, so We have not sent you as a keeper over them. And they say: Obedience. But when they go out from your presence, a party of them decide by night upon doing otherwise than what you say; and Allah writes down what they decide by night, therefore turn aside from them and trust in Allah, and Allah is sufficient as a protector. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|4|84}} | Fight then in Allah's way; this is not imposed on you except In relation to yourself, and rouse the believers to ardor maybe Allah will restrain the fighting of those who disbelieve and Allah is strongest in prowess and strongest to give an exemplary punishment. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|4|90}} {{Quran-wi2|4|91}} | Except those who reach a people between whom and you there is an alliance, or who come to you, their hearts shrinking from fighting you or fighting their own people; and if Allah had pleased, He would have given them power over you, so that they should have certainly fought you; therefore if they withdraw from you and do not fight you and offer you peace, then Allah has not given you a way against them. You will find others who desire that they should be safe from you and secure from their own people; as often as they are sent back to the mischief they get thrown into it headlong; therefore if they do not withdraw from you, and (do not) offer you peace and restrain their hands, then seize them and kill them wherever you find them; and against these We have given you a clear authority. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|4|92}} | And it does not behoove a believer to kill a believer except by mistake, and whoever kills a believer by mistake, he should free a believing slave, and blood-money should be paid to his people unless they remit it as alms; but if he be from a tribe hostile to you and he is a believer, the freeing of a believing slave (suffices), and if he is from a tribe between whom and you there is a convenant, the blood-money should be paid to his people along with the freeing of a believing slave; but he who cannot find (a slave) should fast for two months successively: a penance from Allah, and Allah is Knowing, Wise. | {{Quran-wi2|9|1}} | (This is a declaration of) immunity by Allah and His Messenger towards those of the idolaters with whom you made an agreement.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|4|140}} | And indeed He has revealed to you in the Book that when you hear Allah's communications disbelieved in and mocked at do not sit with them until they enter into some other discourse; surely then you would be like them; surely Allah will gather together the hypocrites and the unbelievers all in hell. |{{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|5|2}} | O you who believe! do not violate the signs appointed by Allah nor the sacred month, nor (interfere with) the offerings, nor the sacrificial animals with garlands, nor those going to the sacred house seeking the grace and pleasure of their Lord; and when you are free from the obligations of the pilgrimage, then hunt, and let not hatred of a people-- because they hindered you from the Sacred Masjid-- incite you to exceed the limits, and help one another in goodness and piety, and do not help one another in sin and aggression; and be careful of (your duty to) Allah; surely Allah is severe in requiting (evil). | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|5|13}} | But on account of their breaking their covenant We cursed them and made their hearts hard; they altered the words from their places and they neglected a portion of what they were reminded of; and you shall always discover treachery in them excepting a few of them; so pardon them and turn away; surely Allah loves those who do good (to others). | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} {{Quran-wi2|9|29}} | Verse of the Sword Fight those who do not believe in Allah, nor in the latter day, nor do they prohibit what Allah and His Messenger have prohibited, nor follow the religion of truth, out of those who have been given the Book, until they pay the tax in acknowledgment of superiority and they are in a state of subjection. }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|5|99}} |
Nothing is (incumbent) on the Messenger but to deliver (the message), and Allah knows what you do openly and what you hide. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|6|66}} | And your people call it a lie and it is the very truth. Say: I am not placed in charge of you. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|6|68}} | And when you see those who enter into false discourses about Our communications, withdraw from them until they enter into some other discourse, and if the Shaitan causes you to forget, then do not sit after recollection with the unjust people. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|6|70}} | And leave those who have taken their religion for a play and an idle sport, and whom this world's life has deceived, and remind (them) thereby lest a soul should be given up to destruction for what it has earned; it shall not have besides Allah any guardian nor an intercessor, and if it should seek to give every compensation, it shall not be accepted from it; these are they who shall be given up to destruction for what they earned; they shall have a drink of boiling water and a painful chastisement because they disbelieved. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} {{Quran-wi2|9|29}} | Verse of the Sword Fight those who do not believe in Allah, nor in the latter day, nor do they prohibit what Allah and His Messenger have prohibited, nor follow the religion of truth, out of those who have been given the Book, until they pay the tax in acknowledgment of superiority and they are in a state of subjection. }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|6|91}} | And they do not assign to Allah the attributes due to Him when they say: Allah has not revealed anything to a mortal. Say: Who revealed the Book which Musa brought, a light and a guidance to men, which you make into scattered writings which you show while you conceal much? And you were taught what you did not know, (neither) you nor your fathers. Say: Allah then leave them sporting in their vain discourses. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|6|104}} | Indeed there have come to you clear proofs from your Lord; whoever will therefore see, it is for his own soul and whoever will be blind, it shall be against himself and I am not a keeper over you. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|6|106}} {{Quran-wi2|6|107}} {{Quran-wi2|6|108}} | Follow what is revealed to you from your Lord; there is no god but He; and withdraw from the polytheists. And if Allah had pleased, they would not have set up others (with Him) and We have not appointed you a keeper over them, and you are not placed in charge of them. And do not abuse those whom they call upon besides Allah, lest exceeding the limits they should abuse Allah out of ignorance. Thus have We made fair seeming to every people their deeds; then to their Lord shall be their return, so He will inform them of what they did. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|6|112}} | And thus did We make for every prophet an enemy, the Shaitans from among men and jinn, some of them suggesting to others varnished falsehood to deceive (them), and had your Lord pleased they would not have done it, therefore leave them and that which they forget. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|6|121}} | And do not eat of that on which Allah's name has not been mentioned, and that is most surely a transgression; and most surely the Shaitans suggest to their friends that they should contend with you; and if you obey them, you shall most surely be polytheists. | {{Quran-wi2|5|5}} | This day (all) the good things are allowed to you; and the food of those who have been given the Book is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them; and the chaste from among the believing women and the chaste from among those who have been given the Book before you (are lawful for you); when you have given them their dowries, taking (them) in marriage, not fornicating nor taking them for paramours in secret; and whoever denies faith, his work indeed is of no account, and in the hereafter he shall be one of the losers.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|6|137}} | And thus their associates have made fair seeming to most of the polytheists the killing of their children, that they may cause them to perish and obscure for them their religion; and if Allah had pleased, they would not have done it, therefore leave them and that which they forge. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|6|159}} | Surely they who divided their religion into parts and became sects, you have no concern with them; their affair is only with Allah, then He will inform them of what they did. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|7|183}} | And I grant them respite; surely My scheme is effective. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|7|199}} | Take to forgiveness and enjoin good and turn aside from the ignorant. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|8|61}} | And if they incline to peace, then incline to it and trust in Allah; surely He is the Hearing, the Knowing. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} {{Quran-wi2|9|29}} | Verse of the Sword Fight those who do not believe in Allah, nor in the latter day, nor do they prohibit what Allah and His Messenger have prohibited, nor follow the religion of truth, out of those who have been given the Book, until they pay the tax in acknowledgment of superiority and they are in a state of subjection. }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|8|65}} | O Prophet! urge the believers to war; if there are twenty patient ones of you they shall overcome two hundred, and if there are a hundred of you they shall overcome a thousand of those who disbelieve, because they are a people who do not understand. | {{Quran-wi2|8|66}} | For the present Allah has made light your burden, and He knows that there is weakness in you; so if there are a hundred patient ones of you they shall overcome two hundred, and if there are a thousand they shall overcome two thousand by Allah's permission, and Allah is with the patient.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|8|72}} | Surely those who believed and fled (their homes) and struggled hard in Allah's way with their property and their souls, and those who gave shelter and helped-- these are guardians of each other; and (as for) those who believed and did not fly, not yours is their guardianship until they fly; and if they seek aid from you in the matter of religion, aid is incumbent on you except against a people between whom and you there is a treaty, and Allah sees what you do. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|8|73}} | And (as for) those who disbelieve, some of them are the guardians of others; if you will not do it, there will be in the land persecution and great mischief. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|9|2}} | So go about in the land for four months and know that you cannot weaken Allah and that Allah will bring disgrace to the unbelievers. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} |Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|9|7}} | How can there be an agreement for the idolaters with Allah and with His Messenger; except those with whom you made an agreement at the Sacred Mosque? So as long as they are true to you, be true to them; surely Allah loves those who are careful (of their duty). | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|9|97}} {{Quran-wi2|9|98}} | The dwellers of the desert are very hard in unbelief and hypocrisy, and more disposed not to know the limits of what Allah has revealed to His Messenger; and Allah is Knowing, Wise. And of the dwellers of the desert are those who take what they spend to be a fine, and they wait (the befalling of) calamities to you; on them (will be) the evil calamity; and Allah is Hearing, Knowing. | {{Quran-wi2|9|99}} | And of the dwellers of the desert are those who believe in Allah and the latter day and take what they spend to be (means of) the nearness of Allah and the Messenger's prayers; surely it shall be means of nearness for them; Allah will make them enter into His mercy; surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.}}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|10|41}} | And if they call you a liar, say: My work is for me and your work for you; you are clear of what I do and I am clear of what you do. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|10|99}} | And if your Lord had pleased, surely all those who are in the earth would have believed, all of them; will you then force men till they become believers? | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|10|108}} | Say: O people! indeed there has come to you the truth from your Lord, therefore whoever goes aright, he goes aright only for the good of his own soul, and whoever goes astray, he goes astray only to the detriment of it, and I am not a custodian over you. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|11|12}} | Then, it may be that you will give up part of what is revealed to you and your breast will become straitened by it because they say: Why has not a treasure been sent down upon him or an angel come with him? You are only a warner; and Allah is custodian over all things. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|11|121}} {{Quran-wi2|11|122}} | And say to those who do not believe: Act according to your state; surely we too are acting. And wait; surely we are waiting also. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|13|40}} | And We will either let you see part of what We threaten them with or cause you to die, for only the delivery of the message is (incumbent) on you, while calling (them) to account is Our (business). | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|15|3}} | Leave them that they may eat and enjoy themselves and (that) hope may beguile them, for they will soon know. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|15|85}} | And We did not create the heavens and the earth and what is between them two but in truth; and the hour is most surely coming, so turn away with kindly forgiveness. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|15|88}} {{Quran-wi2|15|89}} | Do not strain your eyes after what We have given certain classes of them to enjoy, and do not grieve for them, and make yourself gentle to the believers. And say: Surely I am the plain warner. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|15|94}} | Therefore declare openly what you are bidden and turn aside from the polytheists. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|16|67}} | And of the fruits of the palms and the grapes-- you obtain from them intoxication and goodly provision; most surely there is a sign in this for a people who ponder. | {{Quran-wi2|5|90}} | O you who believe! intoxicants and games of chance and (sacrificing to) stones set up and (dividing by) arrows are only an uncleanness, the Shaitan's work; shun it therefore that you may be successful.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|16|82}} | But if they turn back, then on you devolves only the clear deliverance (of the message). | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|16|125}} | Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom and goodly exhortation, and have disputations with them in the best manner; surely your Lord best knows those who go astray from His path, and He knows best those who follow the right way. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|16|127}} | And be patient and your patience is not but by (the assistance of) Allah, and grieve not for them, and do not distress yourself at what they plan. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|17|23}} | And your Lord has commanded that you shall not serve (any) but Him, and goodness to your parents. If either or both of them reach old age with you, say not to them (so much as) "Ugh" nor chide them, and speak to them a generous word. | {{Quran-wi2|9|113}} | It is not (fit) for the Prophet and those who believe that they should ask forgiveness for the polytheists, even though they should be near relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are inmates of the flaming fire.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|17|24}} | And make yourself submissively gentle to them with compassion, and say: O my Lord! have compassion on them, as they brought me up (when I was) little. | {{Quran-wi2|9|113}} | It is not (fit) for the Prophet and those who believe that they should ask forgiveness for the polytheists, even though they should be near relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are inmates of the flaming fire.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|17|54}} | Your Lord knows you best; He will have mercy on you if He pleases, or He will chastise you if He pleases; and We have not sent you as being in charge of them. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|19|39}} | And warn them of the day of intense regret, when the matter shall have been decided; and they are (now) in negligence and they do not believe. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|19|75}} | Say: As for him who remains in error, the Beneficent Allah will surely prolong his length of days, until they see what they were threatened with, either the punishment or the hour; then they shall know who is in more evil plight and weaker in forces | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|19|84}} | Therefore be not in haste against them, We only number out to them a number (of days). | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|20|130}} | Bear then patiently what they say, and glorify your Lord by the praising of Him before the rising of the sun and before its setting, and during hours of the night do also glorify (Him) and during parts of the day, that you may be well pleased | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|20|135}} | Every one (of us) is awaiting, therefore do await: So you will come to know who is the follower of the even path and who goes aright. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|22|68}} | And if they contend with you, say: Allah best knows what you do. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|23|54}} | Therefore leave them in their overwhelming ignorance till | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|24|3}}|Let no man guilty of adultery or fornication marry and but a woman similarly guilty, or an Unbeliever: nor let any but such a man or an Unbeliever marry such a woman: to the Believers such a thing is forbidden.|{{Quran-wi2|24|32}}|Marry those among you who are single, or the virtuous ones among yourselves, male or female: if they are in poverty, Allah will give them means out of His grace:...}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|24|4}}|And those who launch a charge against chaste women, and produce not four witnesses (to support their allegations),- flog them with eighty stripes; and reject their evidence ever after: for such men are wicked transgressors;-|{{Quran-wi2|24|5}}|Unless they repent thereafter and mend (their conduct); for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|24|6}}|And for those who launch a charge against their spouses, and have (in support) no evidence but their own,...|{{Quran-wi2|24|6}} {{Quran-wi2|24|7}} {{Quran-wi2|24|9}}|...their solitary evidence (can be received) if they bear witness four times (with an oath) by Allah that they are solemnly telling the truth;... And the fifth (oath) (should be) that they solemnly invoke the curse of Allah on themselves if they tell a lie. ... And the fifth (oath) should be that she solemnly invokes the wrath of Allah on herself if (her accuser) is telling the truth.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|24|27}}|O ye who believe! enter not houses other than your own, until ye have asked permission and saluted those in them:...|{{Quran-wi2|24|29}}|It is no fault on your part to enter houses not used for living in, which serve some (other) use for you: And Allah has knowledge of what ye reveal and what ye conceal. }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|24|31}}|And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; that they should draw their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty except to their husbands,...|{{Quran-wi2|24|60}}|Such elderly women as are past the prospect of marriage,- there is no blame on them if they lay aside their (outer) garments, provided they make not a wanton display of their beauty:...}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|24|54}}|Say: "Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger: but if ye turn away, he is only responsible for the duty placed on him and ye for that placed on you....|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|24|58}}|O ye who believe! let those whom your right hands possess, and the (children) among you who have not come of age ask your permission (before they come to your presence), on three occasions: before morning prayer;...|{{Quran-wi2|24|59}}|But when the children among you come of age, let them (also) ask for permission, as do those senior to them (in age): Thus does Allah make clear His Signs to you: for Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom. }}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|25|63}}|... when the ignorant address them, they say, "Peace!";|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|25|68}} {{Quran-wi2|25|69}} |Those who invoke not, with Allah, any other god, nor slay such life as Allah has made sacred except for just cause, nor commit fornication; - and any that does this (not only) meets punishment. (But) the Penalty on the Day of Judgment will be doubled to him, and he will dwell therein in ignominy,-|{{Quran-wi2|25|70}}|Unless he repents, believes, and works righteous deeds, for Allah will change the evil of such persons into good, ...}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|25|68}}|... nor kill such life as Allah has forbidden, except for just cause...";|{{Quran-wi2|4|93}}|And whoever kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell to abide therein}}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|26|224}} {{Quran-wi2|26|225}} {{Quran-wi2|26|226}}|And the Poets,- It is those straying in Evil, who follow them: Seest thou not that they wander distracted in every valley?- And that they say what they practise not?-|{{Quran-wi2|26|227}}|Except those who believe, work righteousness, engage much in the remembrance of Allah, and defend themselves only after they are unjustly attacked. ...}}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|27|92}}|And to rehearse the Qur'an: and if any accept guidance, they do it for the good of their own souls, and if any stray, say: "I am only a Warner".|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|28|55}}|... "To us our deeds, and to you yours; peace be to you: we seek not the ignorant."|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|29|46}}|And dispute ye not with the People of the Book, except with means better (than mere disputation), unless it be with those of them who inflict wrong (and injury): but say, "We believe in the revelation which has come down to us and in that which came down to you; Our Allah and your Allah is one; ...|{{Quran-wi2|9|29}}|Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|29|50}}|Ye they say: "Why are not Signs sent down to him from his Lord?" Say: "The signs are indeed with Allah: and I am indeed a clear Warner."|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|30}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|30|60}}|So patiently persevere: for verily the promise of Allah is true: nor let those shake thy firmness, who have (themselves) no certainty of faith.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|31}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|31|23}}|But if any reject Faith, let not his rejection grieve thee: to Us is their return, ...|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|32}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|32|30}}|So turn away from them, and wait: they too are waiting.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|33}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|33|48}}|And obey not (the behests) of the Unbelievers and the Hypocrites, and heed not their annoyances, ...|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|33|52}}|It is not lawful for thee (to marry more) women after this, nor to change them for (other) wives, even though their beauty attract thee, except any thy right hand should possess (as handmaidens): ...|{{Quran-wi2|33|50}}|O Prophet! We have made lawful to thee thy wives to whom thou hast paid their dowers; and those whom thy right hand possesses out of the prisoners of war whom Allah has assigned to thee; and daughters of thy paternal uncles and aunts, and daughters of thy maternal uncles and aunts, who migrated (from Makka) with thee; and any believing woman who dedicates her soul to the Prophet if the Prophet wishes to wed her;- this only for thee, and not for the Believers (at large); ...}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|34}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|34|25}}|Say: "Ye shall not be questioned as to our sins, nor shall we be questioned as to what ye do."|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|35}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|35|23}}|Thou art no other than a warner.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|36}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|36|76}}|Let not their speech, then, grieve thee. Verily We know what they hide as well as what they disclose.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|37}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|37|174}} {{Quran-wi2|37|175}} |So turn thou away from them for a little while, And watch them (how they fare), and they soon shall see (how thou farest)!|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|37|178}} {{Quran-wi2|37|179}} | And turn away from them till a time And (then) see, for they too shall see. | {{Quran-wi2|9|5}} | Verse of the Sword }}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|38}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|38|70}}|'Only this has been revealed to me: that I am to give warning plainly and publicly."|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|38|88}}|"And ye shall certainly know the truth of it (all) after a while."|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|39}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|39|3}}|... Truly Allah will judge between them in that wherein they differ. ...|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|39|13}}|Say: "I would, if I disobeyed my Lord, indeed have fear of the Penalty of a Mighty Day."|{{Quran-wi2|48|2}}|That Allah may forgive thee thy faults of the past and those to follow;}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|39|14}} {{Quran-wi2|39|15}}|Say: "It is Allah I serve, with my sincere (and exclusive) devotion: "Serve ye what ye will besides him."|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|39|36}}|... for such as Allah leaves to stray, there can be no guide.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|39|39}}|Say: "O my People! Do whatever ye can: I will do (my part): but soon will ye know-|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|39|40}}|"Who it is to whom comes a Penalty of ignominy, and on whom descends a Penalty that abides."|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|39|41}}|He, then, that receives guidance benefits his own soul: but he that strays injures his own soul. Nor art thou set over them to dispose of their affairs.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|39|46}}|Say: "O Allah! Creator of the heavens and the earth! Knower of all that is hidden and open! it is Thou that wilt judge between Thy Servants in those matters about which they have differed."|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|40}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|40|12}}|... the Command is with Allah, Most High, Most Great!"|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|40|55}}|Patiently, then, persevere: for the Promise of Allah is true: and ask forgiveness for thy fault, and celebrate the Praises of thy Lord in the evening and in the morning.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|40|77}}|So persevere in patience; for the Promise of Allah is true: and whether We show thee (in this life) some part of what We promise them,- or We take thy soul (to Our Mercy) (before that),-(in any case) it is to Us that they shall (all) return.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|41}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|41|34}}|Nor can goodness and Evil be equal. Repel (Evil) with what is better: Then will he between whom and thee was hatred become as it were thy friend and intimate!|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|42}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|42|5}}|and the angels celebrate the Praises of their Lord, and pray for forgiveness for (all) beings on earth: Behold! Verily Allah is He, the Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.|{{Quran-wi2|40|7}}|Those who sustain the Throne (of Allah) and those around it Sing Glory and Praise to their Lord; believe in Him; and implore Forgiveness for those who believe: "Our Lord! Thy Reach is over all things, in Mercy and Knowledge. Forgive, then, those who turn in Repentance, and follow Thy Path; and preserve them from the Penalty of the Blazing Fire!}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|42|6}}|Allah doth watch over them; and thou art not the disposer of their affairs.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|42|15}}|Now then, for that (reason), call (them to the Faith), and stand steadfast as thou art commanded, nor follow thou their vain desires; but say: "I believe in the Book which Allah has sent down; and I am commanded to judge justly between you. Allah is our Lord and your Lord: for us (is the responsibility for) our deeds, and for you for your deeds. There is no contention between us and you. Allah will bring us together, and to Him is (our) Final Goal.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}} {{Quran-wi2|9|29}} |Verse of the Sword Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|42|20}}|To any that desires the tilth of the Hereafter, We give increase in his tilth, and to any that desires the tilth of this world, We grant somewhat thereof, but he has no share or lot in the Hereafter.|{{Quran-wi2|17|18}}|If any do wish for the transitory things (of this life), We readily grant them - such things as We will, to such person as We will: in the end have We provided Hell for them: they will burn therein, disgraced and rejected.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|42|23}}|... Say: "No reward do I ask of you for this except the love of those near of kin." ...|{{Quran-wi2|34|47}}|Say: "No reward do I ask of you: it is (all) in your interest: my reward is only due from Allah:...}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|42|39}}|And those who, when an oppressive wrong is inflicted on them, (are not cowed but) help and defend themselves.|{{Quran-wi2|42|43}}|But indeed if any show patience and forgive, that would truly be an exercise of courageous will and resolution in the conduct of affairs.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|42|41}}|But indeed if any do help and defend themselves after a wrong (done) to them, against such there is no cause of blame. |{{Quran-wi2|42|43}}|But indeed if any show patience and forgive, that would truly be an exercise of courageous will and resolution in the conduct of affairs.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|42|48}}|If then they run away, We have not sent thee as a guard over them. Thy duty is but to convey (the Message). ...|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|43}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|43|83}}|So leave them to babble and play (with vanities) until they meet that Day of theirs, which they have been promised. |{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|43|89}}|But turn away from them, and say "Peace!" But soon shall they know!|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|44}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|44|59}}|So wait thou and watch; for they (too) are waiting.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|45}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|45|14}}|Tell those who believe, to forgive those who do not look forward to the Days of Allah: It is for Him to recompense (for good or ill) each People according to what they have earned. |{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|46}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|46|9}}|Say: "I am no bringer of new-fangled doctrine among the messengers, nor do I know what will be done with me or with you. I follow but that which is revealed to me by inspiration; I am but a Warner open and clear." |{{Quran-wi2|48|1}} {{Quran-wi2|48|2}} {{Quran-wi2|48|3}} {{Quran-wi2|48|4}} {{Quran-wi2|48|5}} {{Quran-wi2|48|6}} | Verily We have granted thee a manifest Victory: That Allah may forgive thee thy faults of the past and those to follow; fulfil His favour to thee; and guide thee on the Straight Way; And that Allah may help thee with powerful help. It is He Who sent down tranquillity into the hearts of the Believers, that they may add faith to their faith;- for to Allah belong the Forces of the heavens and the earth; and Allah is Full of Knowledge and Wisdom;- That He may admit the men and women who believe, to Gardens beneath which rivers flow, to dwell therein for aye, and remove their ills from them;- and that is, in the sight of Allah, the highest achievement (for man),- And that He may punish the Hypocrites, men and women, and the Polytheists men and women, who imagine an evil opinion of Allah. On them is a round of Evil: the Wrath of Allah is on them: He has cursed them and got Hell ready for them: and evil is it for a destination.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|46|35}}|Therefore patiently persevere, as did (all) messengers of inflexible purpose; and be in no haste about the (Unbelievers). ...|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|47}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|47|4}}|... thereafter (is the time for) either generosity or ransom: Until the war lays down its burdens ...|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword|The Verse of the Sword abrogates both "generosity or ransom" and "grace" is a more accurate translation than "generosity".}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|47|36}}|... and will not ask you (to give up) your possessions.|{{Quran-wi2|47|38}}|Behold, ye are those invited to spend (of your substance) in the Way of Allah: ...}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|50}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|50|39}}|Bear, then, with patience, all that they say, and celebrate the praises of thy Lord, ...|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|50|45}}|... and thou art not one to overawe them by force. So admonish with the Qur'an such as fear My Warning!|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|51}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|51|19}}|And in their wealth and possessions (was remembered) the right of the (needy,) him who asked, and him who (for some reason) was prevented (from asking). |{{Quran-wi2|9|60}}|Alms are for the poor and the needy, and those employed to administer the (funds); for those whose hearts have been (recently) reconciled (to Truth); for those in bondage and in debt; in the cause of Allah; and for the wayfarer: (thus is it) ordained by Allah, and Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom.}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|51|54}}|So turn away from them: not thine is the blame. |{{Quran-wi2|51|55}}|But teach (thy Message) for teaching benefits the Believers. }}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|52}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|52|31}}|Say thou: "Await ye!- I too will wait along with you!"|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|52|45}}|So leave them alone until they encounter that Day of theirs, wherein they shall (perforce) swoon (with terror),-|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|52|48}}|Now await in patience the command of thy Lord: for verily thou art in Our eyes: ...|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|53}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|53|29}}|Therefore shun those who turn away from Our Message and desire nothing but the life of this world.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|53|39}}|That man can have nothing but what he strives for; |{{Quran-wi2|52|21}}|And those who believe and whose families follow them in Faith,- to them shall We join their families: Nor shall We deprive them (of the fruit) of aught of their works: (Yet) is each individual in pledge for his deeds.}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|54}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|54|6}}|Therefore, (O Prophet,) turn away from them. The Day that the Caller will call (them) to a terrible affair,|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|56}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|56|13}} {{Quran-wi2|56|14}}|A number of people from those of old, And a few from those of later times.|{{Quran-wi2|56|39}} {{QuranAyahAndSurahOnly|56|40}}|A (goodly) number from those of old, And a (goodly) number from those of later times.}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|58}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|58|12}}|O ye who believe! When ye consult the Messenger in private, spend something in charity before your private consultation. That will be best for you, and most conducive to purity (of conduct). ...|{{Quran-wi2|58|13}}|Is it that ye are afraid of spending sums in charity before your private consultation (with him)? If, then, ye do not so, and Allah forgives you, then (at least) establish regular prayer; practise regular charity; and obey Allah and His Messenger. ...}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|60}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|60|8}}|Allah forbids you not, with regard to those who fight you not for (your) Faith nor drive you out of your homes, from dealing kindly and justly with them: for Allah loveth those who are just.|{{Quran-wi2|60|9}}|Allah only forbids you, with regard to those who fight you for (your) Faith, and drive you out of your homes, and support (others) in driving you out, from turning to them (for friendship and protection). It is such as turn to them (in these circumstances), that do wrong. }}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|60|10}}|O ye who believe! When there come to you believing women refugees, examine (and test) them: Allah knows best as to their Faith ...|{{Quran-wi2|60|10}}|... send them not back to the Unbelievers. ...}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|60|11}}|And if any of your wives deserts you to the Unbelievers, and ye have an accession (by the coming over of a woman from the other side), then pay to those whose wives have deserted the equivalent of what they had spent (on their dower). And fear Allah, in Whom ye believe. |{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|68}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|68|44}}|Then leave Me alone with such as reject this Message: by degrees shall We punish them from directions they perceive not.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|68|48}}|So wait with patience for the Command of thy Lord, and be not like the Companion of the Fish,- when he cried out in agony.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|70}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|70|5}}|Therefore do thou hold Patience,- a Patience of beautiful (contentment).|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|70|42}}|So leave them to plunge in vain talk and play about, until they encounter that Day of theirs which they have been promised!-|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|73}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|73|1}} {{Quran-wi2|73|2}}|O thou folded in garments! Stand (to prayer) by night, but not all night,-...|{{Quran-wi2|73|2}} {{Quran-wi2|73|3}} {{Quran-wi2|73|4}}|Stand (to prayer) by night, but not all night,- Half of it,- or a little less, Or a little more; ...}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|73|5}}|Soon shall We send down to thee a weighty Message.|{{Quran-wi2|4|32}}|Allah doth wish to lighten your (difficulties): For man was created Weak (in flesh).}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|73|10}}|And have patience with what they say, and leave them with noble (dignity).|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|73|11}}|And leave Me (alone to deal with) those in possession of the good things of life, who (yet) deny the Truth; and bear with them for a little while.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|73|19}}|Verily this is an Admonition: therefore, whoso will, let him take a (straight) path to his Lord!|{{Quran-wi2|76|30}}|But ye will not, except as Allah wills; for Allah is full of Knowledge and Wisdom.}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|74}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|74|11}}|Leave Me alone, (to deal) with the (creature) whom I created (bare and) alone!-|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|75}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|75|16}}|Move not thy tongue concerning the (Qur'an) to make haste therewith.|{{Quran-wi2|87|6}}|By degrees shall We teach thee to declare (the Message), so thou shalt not forget,}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|76}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|76|8}}|And they feed, for the love of Allah, the indigent, the orphan, and the captive,-|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|76|24}}|Therefore be patient with constancy to the Command of thy Lord, and hearken not to the sinner or the ingrate among them.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|76|29}}|This is an admonition: Whosoever will, let him take a (straight) Path to his Lord.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|80}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|80|12}}|Therefore let whoso will, keep it in remembrance.|{{Quran-wi2|81|29}}|But ye shall not will except as Allah wills,- the Cherisher of the Worlds.}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|81}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|81|28}}|(With profit) to whoever among you wills to go straight:|{{Quran-wi2|81|29}}|But ye shall not will except as Allah wills,- the Cherisher of the Worlds.}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|86}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|86|17}}|Therefore grant a delay to the Unbelievers: Give respite to them gently (for awhile).|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|88}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|88|21}} {{Quran-wi2|88|22}} {{Quran-wi2|88|23}}|Therefore do thou give admonition, for thou art one to admonish. Thou art not one to manage (men's) affairs. But if any turn away and reject Allah,-|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|95}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|95|8}}|Is not Allah the wisest of judges?|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|103}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|103|2}}|Verily Man is in loss,|{{Quran-wi2|103|3}}|Except such as have Faith, and do righteous deeds,...}}

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{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|109}}

{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran-wi2|109|6}}|To you be your Way, and to me mine.|{{Quran-wi2|9|5}}|Verse of the Sword}}

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{{Core Scripture}}

==See Also==

{{Hub4|Abrogation|Abrogation}}
{{Hub4|Understanding the Qur'an|Understanding the Qur'an}}

==External Links==
* [http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/index.html#abrogation Abrogation] ''- [[Answering Islam]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Inconsistencies]]
[[ru:Список отмененных аятов]]

Chronological Order of the Qur'an

2016-01-31T14:42:14Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 46.185.189.71 (talk) to last revision by Sahab

The [[Qur'an]] is not in [[Timelines|chronological]] order, but arranged roughly longest [[surah]] (chapter) to the shortest. The following lists the chronological (or revelational) order of the Qur'an. <ref>Allamah Abu 'Abd Allah al-Zanjani - [{{Reference archive|1=http://tanzil.net/pub/ebooks/History-of-Quran.pdf|2=2011-05-13}} The History of the Quran] - Al-Tawheed Vol. 4, No. 3; Vol. 5, No. 1, 2, & 3</ref><ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.qran.org/q-chrono.htm|2=2011-05-13}} Quran Verses in Chronological Order] - Qran.org, accessed May 13, 2011</ref><ref>Kevin P. Edgecomb - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.bombaxo.com/chronsurs.html|2=2011-05-13}} Chronological Order of Quranic Surahs] - Bombaxo, 2002</ref><ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.masjidtucson.org/quran/chapters_chronological_sequence.html|2=2011-05-13}} Quran Chapters and their Chronological Sequence of Revelation] - International Community of Submitters (ICS)</ref><ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://tanzil.net/wiki/Revelation_Order|2=2011-05-13}} Revelation Order] - Tanzil Project, accessed May 13, 2011</ref>

To view the traditional order of the Quran, you can sort the table by "Traditional Order"

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" class= "wikitable sortable"
!Chronological Order
!Surah Name
!Number of Verses
!Location of Revelation
!Traditional Order
|-
|1 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Alaq (The Clot)|Al-Alaq]] ||19 ||Mecca ||96
|-
|2 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Qalam (The Pen)|Al-Qalam]] ||52 ||Mecca ||68
|-
|3 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Muzzammil (The Enshrouded One)|Al-Muzzammil]] ||20 ||Mecca ||73
|-
|4 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Muddathir (The Cloaked One)|Al-Muddathir]] ||56 ||Mecca ||74
|-
|5 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Fatiha (The Opening)|Al-Fatiha]] ||7 ||Mecca ||1
|-
|6 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Masadd (The Twisted Rope, The Flame)|Al-Masadd]] ||5 ||Mecca ||111
|-
|7 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: At-Takwir (The Overthrowing)|At-Takwir]] ||29 ||Mecca ||81
|-
|8 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Ala (The Most High)|Al-Ala]] ||19 ||Mecca ||87
|-
|9 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Lail (The Night)|Al-Lail]] ||21 ||Mecca ||92
|-
|10 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Fajr (The Dawn)|Al-Fajr]] ||30 ||Mecca ||89
|-
|11 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Ad-Dhuha (The Morning Hours)|Ad-Dhuha]] ||11 ||Mecca ||93
|-
|12 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Inshirah (Consolation)|Al-Inshirah]] ||8 ||Mecca ||94
|-
|13 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Asr (The Declining Day)|Al-Asr]] ||3 ||Mecca ||103
|-
|14 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Adiyat (The Chargers)|Al-Adiyat]] ||11 ||Mecca ||100
|-
|15 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Kauther (Abundance)|Al-Kauther]] ||3 ||Mecca ||108
|-
|16 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: At-Takathur (Competition)|At-Takathur]] ||8 ||Mecca ||102
|-
|17 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Maun (Small Kindnesses)|Al-Maun]] ||7 ||Mecca ||107
|-
|18 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Kafiroon (The Disbelievers)|Al-Kafiroon]] ||6 ||Mecca ||109
|-
|19 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Fil (The Elephant)|Al-Fil]] ||5 ||Mecca ||105
|-
|20 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Falaq (The Daybreak, Dawn)|Al-Falaq]] ||5 ||Mecca ||113
|-
|21 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: An-Nas (Mankind)|An-Nas]] ||6 ||Mecca ||114
|-
|22 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Ikhlas (The Purity of Faith)|Al-Ikhlas]] ||4 ||Mecca ||112
|-
|23 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: An-Najm (The Star)|An-Najm]] ||62 ||Mecca ||53
|-
|24 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Abasa (He Frowned)|Abasa]] ||42 ||Mecca ||80
|-
|25 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Qadr (Power, Fate)|Al-Qadr]] ||5 ||Mecca ||97
|-
|26 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Ash-Shams (The Sun)|Ash-Shams]] ||15 ||Mecca ||91
|-
|27 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Burooj (The Constellations)|Al-Burooj]] ||22 ||Mecca ||85
|-
|28 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: At-Tin (The Fig)|At-Tin]] ||8 ||Mecca ||95
|-
|29 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Quraish (Winter, Quraysh)|Quraish]] ||4 ||Mecca ||106
|-
|30 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Qaria (The Calamity)|Al-Qaria]] ||11 ||Mecca ||101
|-
|31 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Qiyama (Resurrection)|Al-Qiyama]] ||40 ||Mecca ||75
|-
|32 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Humaza (The Gossipmonger)|Al-Humaza]] ||9 ||Mecca ||104
|-
|33 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Mursalat (The Emissaries)|Al-Mursalat]] ||50 ||Mecca ||77
|-
|34 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Qaf (The Letter Qaf)|Qaf]] ||45 ||Mecca ||50
|-
|35 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Balad (The City)|Al-Balad]] ||20 ||Mecca ||90
|-
|36 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: At-Tariq (The Morning Star)|At-Tariq]] ||17 ||Mecca ||86
|-
|37 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Qamar (The Moon)|Al-Qamar]] ||55 ||Mecca ||54
|-
|38 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Sad (The Letter Sad)|Sad]] ||88 ||Mecca ||38
|-
|39 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Araf (The Heights)|Al-Araf]] ||206 ||Mecca ||7
|-
|40 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Jinn (The Jinn)|Al-Jinn]] ||28 ||Mecca ||72
|-
|41 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Ya-Sin (Ya-sin)|Ya-Sin]] ||83 ||Mecca ||36
|-
|42 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Furqan (The Criterion)|Al-Furqan]] ||77 ||Mecca ||25
|-
|43 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Fatir (The Angels, Originator)|Fatir]] ||45 ||Mecca ||35
|-
|44 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Maryam (Mary)|Maryam]] ||98 ||Mecca ||19
|-
|45 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Taha (Ta-ha)|Taha]] ||135 ||Mecca ||20
|-
|46 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Waqia (The Inevitable)|Al-Waqia]] ||96 ||Mecca ||56
|-
|47 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Ash-Shuara (The Poets)|Ash-Shuara]] ||227 ||Mecca ||26
|-
|48 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: An-Naml (The Ants)|An-Naml]] ||93 ||Mecca ||27
|-
|49 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Qasas (The Story, Stories)|Al-Qasas]] ||88 ||Mecca ||28
|-
|50 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Isra (The Night Journey)|Al-Isra]] ||111 ||Mecca ||17
|-
|51 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Yunus (Jonah)|Yunus]] ||109 ||Mecca ||10
|-
|52 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Hud (Hud)|Hud]] ||123 ||Mecca ||11
|-
|53 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Yusuf (Joseph)|Yusuf]] ||111 ||Mecca ||12
|-
|54 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Hijr (Stoneland, Rock City)|Al-Hijr]] ||99 ||Mecca ||15
|-
|55 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Anaam (Cattle, Livestock)|Al-Anaam]] ||165 ||Mecca ||6
|-
|56 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: As-Saaffat (Those Who Set the Ranks)|As-Saaffat]] ||182 ||Mecca ||37
|-
|57 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Luqman (Luqman)|Luqman]] ||34 ||Mecca ||31
|-
|58 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Saba (Sheba)|Saba]] ||54 ||Mecca ||34
|-
|59 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Az-Zumar (The Troops, Throngs)|Az-Zumar]] ||75 ||Mecca ||39
|-
|60 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Ghafir (The Forgiver)|Al-Ghafir]] ||85 ||Mecca ||40
|-
|61 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Fussilat (Signs Spelled Out)|Fussilat]] ||54 ||Mecca ||41
|-
|62 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Ash-Shura (Counsel)|Ash-Shura]] ||53 ||Mecca ||42
|-
|63 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Az-Zukhruf (Ornaments of Gold, Luxury)|Az-Zukhruf]] ||89 ||Mecca ||43
|-
|64 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Ad-Dukhan (Smoke)|Ad-Dukhan]] ||59 ||Mecca ||44
|-
|65 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Jathiya (Crouching)|Al-Jathiya]] ||37 ||Mecca ||45
|-
|66 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Ahqaf (The Dunes)|Al-Ahqaf]] ||35 ||Mecca ||46
|-
|67 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Adh-Dhariyat (The Winnowing Winds)|Adh-Dhariyat]] ||60 ||Mecca ||51
|-
|68 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Ghashiya (The Overwhelming)|Al-Ghashiya]] ||26 ||Mecca ||88
|-
|69 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Kahf (The Cave)|Al-Kahf]] ||110 ||Mecca ||18
|-
|70 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: An-Nahl (The Bee)|An-Nahl]] ||128 ||Mecca ||16
|-
|71 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Nooh (Noah)|Nooh]] ||28 ||Mecca ||71
|-
|72 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Ibrahim (Abraham)|Ibrahim]] ||52 ||Mecca ||14
|-
|73 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Ambiya (The Prophets)|Al-Ambiya]] ||112 ||Mecca ||21
|-
|74 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Mumenoon (The Believers)|Al-Mumenoon]] ||118 ||Mecca ||23
|-
|75 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: As-Sajda (The Prostration)|As-Sajda]] ||30 ||Mecca ||32
|-
|76 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: At-Tur (The Mount)|At-Tur]] ||49 ||Mecca ||52
|-
|77 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Mulk (The Sovereignty)|Al-Mulk]] ||30 ||Mecca ||67
|-
|78 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Haaqqa (The Reality)|Al-Haaqqa]] ||52 ||Mecca ||69
|-
|79 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Maarij (The Ascending Stairways)|Al-Maarij]] ||44 ||Mecca ||70
|-
|80 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: An-Naba (The Tidings)|An-Naba]] ||40 ||Mecca ||78
|-
|81 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: An-Naziat (Those Who Drag Forth)|An-Naziat]] ||46 ||Mecca ||79
|-
|82 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Infitar (The Cleaving)|Al-Infitar]] ||19 ||Mecca ||82
|-
|83 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Inshiqaq (The Sundering)|Al-Inshiqaq]] ||25 ||Mecca ||84
|-
|84 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Ar-Room (The Romans)|Ar-Room]] ||60 ||Mecca ||30
|-
|85 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Ankaboot (The Spider)|Al-Ankaboot]] ||69 ||Mecca ||29
|-
|86 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Mutaffifin (Defrauding)|Al-Mutaffifin]] ||36 ||Mecca ||83
|-
|87 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Baqara (The Heifer)|Al-Baqara]] ||286 ||Medina ||2
|-
|88 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Anfal (Spoils Of War, Booty)|Al-Anfal]] ||75 ||Medina ||8
|-
|89 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-i-Imran (The Family of 'Imran, The House of 'Imran)|Al-i-Imran]] ||200 ||Medina ||3
|-
|90 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Ahzab (The Clans)|Al-Ahzab]] ||73 ||Medina ||33
|-
|91 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Mumtahina (She that Is Examined)|Al-Mumtahina]] ||13 ||Medina ||60
|-
|92 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: An-Nisa (Women)|An-Nisa]] ||176 ||Medina ||4
|-
|93 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Zalzala (The Earthquake)|Al-Zalzala]] ||8 ||Medina ||99
|-
|94 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Hadid (Iron)|Al-Hadid]] ||29 ||Medina ||57
|-
|95 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Muhammad (Muhammad)|Muhammad]] ||38 ||Medina ||47
|-
|96 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Ar-Rad (The Thunder)|Ar-Rad]] ||43 ||Medina ||13
|-
|97 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Rahman (The Beneficent)|Al-Rahman]] ||78 ||Medina ||55
|-
|98 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Insan (Man)|Al-Insan]] ||31 ||Medina ||76
|-
|99 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: At-Talaq (Divorce)|At-Talaq]] ||12 ||Medina ||65
|-
|100 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Bayyina (The Clear Evidence)|Al-Bayyina]] ||8 ||Medina ||98
|-
|101 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Hashr (Exile, Banishment)|Al-Hashr]] ||24 ||Medina ||59
|-
|102 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: An-Noor (Light)|An-Noor]] ||64 ||Medina ||24
|-
|103 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage)|Al-Hajj]] ||78 ||Medina ||22
|-
|104 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Munafiqoon (The Hypocrites)|Al-Munafiqoon]] ||11 ||Medina ||63
|-
|105 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Mujadila (She that Disputeth)|Al-Mujadila]] ||22 ||Medina ||58
|-
|106 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Hujraat (The Private Apartments)|Al-Hujraat]] ||18 ||Medina ||49
|-
|107 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: At-Tahrim (Banning)|At-Tahrim]] ||12 ||Medina ||66
|-
|108 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: At-Taghabun (Mutual Disillusion)|At-Taghabun]] ||18 ||Medina ||64
|-
|109 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: As-Saff (The Ranks)|As-Saff]] ||14 ||Medina ||61
|-
|110 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Jumua (The Congregation)|Al-Jumua]] ||11 ||Medina ||62
|-
|111 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Fath (Victory, Conquest)|Al-Fath]] ||29 ||Medina ||48
|-
|112 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Maeda (The Repast)|Al-Maeda]] ||120 ||Medina ||5
|-
|113 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: At-Taubah (Repentance)|At-Taubah]] ||129 ||Medina ||9
|-
|114 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: An-Nasr (Divine Support)|An-Nasr]] ||3 ||Medina ||110
|}

{{Core Scripture}}
==See Also==

{{Hub4|Timelines|Timelines}}
*[[Understanding the Qur'an]] ''- A hub page that leads to other articles related to Understanding the Qur'an''

{{Translation-links-english|[[Ordre Chronologique du Coran|French]] and [[Orden Cronologico de la Revelacion de las Suras Coranicas|Spanish]]}}

==External Links==

*[http://www.faithfreedom.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=34581&view=next A Chronological Sequenced Qur'an] ''- [[Faith Freedom International|FFI Forum]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[ru:Хронологический порядок сур]]

Asbab al-Nuzul (Revelational Circumstances of the Quran)

2016-01-31T14:42:13Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 46.185.189.71 (talk) to last revision by Sahab

Discover the Revelational circumstances behind the Qur'anic verses, as recorded in the major Hadith collections.

==The Surahs==

{{col-begin|width=795px}}
{{col-break}}

*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 2 (Al-Baqara)|2. Al-Baqara]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 3 (Al-i-Imran)|3. Al-i-Imran]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 4 (An-Nisa)|4. An-Nisa]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 5 (Al-Ma'ida)|5. Al-Ma'ida]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 6 (Al-An'am)|6. Al-An'am]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 7 (Al-A'raf)|7. Al-A'raf]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 8 (Al-Anfal)|8. Al-Anfal]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 9 (At-Tawba)|9. At-Tawba]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 11 (Hud)|11. Hud]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 14 (Ibrahim)|14. Ibrahim]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 15 (Al-Hijr)|15. Al-Hijr]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 17 (Al-Isra)|17. Al-Isra]]

{{col-break}}

*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 18 (Al-Kahf)|18. Al-Kahf]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 19 (Maryam)|19. Maryam]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 22 (Al-Hajj)|22. Al-Hajj]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 24 (An-Noor)|24. An-Noor]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 25 (Al-Furqan)|25. Al-Furqan]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 26 (Ash-Shu'ara)|26. Ash-Shu'ara]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 28 (Al-Qasas)|28. Al-Qasas]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 29 (Al-Ankabut)|29. Al-Ankabut]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 31 (Luqman)|31. Luqman]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 32 (As-Sajda)|32. As-Sajda]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 33 (Al-Ahzab)|33. Al-Ahzab]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 39 (Az-Zumar)|39. Az-Zumar]]

{{col-break}}

*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 41 (Fussilat)|41. Fussilat]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 42 (Ash-Shura)|42. Ash-Shura]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 44 (Ad-Dukhan)|44. Ad-Dukhan]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 46 (Al-Ahqaf)|46. Al-Ahqaf]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 48 (Al-Fath)|48. Al-Fath]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 49 (Al-Hujurat)|49. Al-Hujurat]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 53 (An-Najm)|53. An-Najm]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 54 (Al-Qamar)|54. Al-Qamar]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 58 (Al-Mujadila)|58. Al-Mujadila]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 59 (Al-Hashr)|59. Al-Hashr]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 60 (Al-Mumtahina)|60. Al-Mumtahina]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 62 (Al-Jumuah)|62. Al-Jumuah]]

{{col-break}}

*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 63 (Al-Munafiqoon)|63. Al-Munafiqoon]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 66 (At-Tahrim)|66. At-Tahrim]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 68 (Al-Qalam)|68. Al-Qalam]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 72 (Al-Jinn)|72. Al-Jinn]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 74 (Al-Muddaththir)|74. Al-Muddaththir]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 75 (Al-Qiyama)|75. Al-Qiyama]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 77 (Al-Mursalat)|77. Al-Mursalat]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 93 (Ad-Dhuha)|93. Ad-Dhuha]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 96 (Al-Alaq)|96. Al-Alaq]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 99 (Az-Zalzala)|99. Az-Zalzala]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 110 (An-Nasr)|110. An-Nasr]]
*[[Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an: Surah 111 (Al-Masadd)|111. Al-Masadd]]

{{col-end}}

==See Also==

*[[Understanding the Qur'an]] ''- A hub page that leads to other articles related to Understanding the Qur'an''

[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:In-Depth Studies]]
[[Category:Sani]]
{{page_title|Revelational Circumstances of the Qur'an}}

Textual History of the Qur'an

2016-01-31T14:42:13Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 46.185.189.71 (talk) to last revision by Axius

This article examines the [[Islam|Islamic]] claim that the [[Qur'an]] is free from [[Corruption of Scripture|corruption]].
==Introduction==

The Qur'an is claimed to be a revelation from [[Allah]] to Prophet [[Muhammad]] through the Angel [[Gabriel]]. It was revealed to Muhammad in stages, taking 23 years to reach its completion.

At no time during Muhammad's life did he ever order these alleged revelations to be compiled into a single book.<ref name="Abu Bakr">"''...Therefore I suggest, you (Abu Bakr) order that the Qur'an be collected." I said to 'Umar, "How can you do something which Allah's Apostle did not do?" 'Umar said, "By Allah, that is a good project...''" - {{Bukhari|6|61|509}}</ref> If Muhammad was, as he claimed, a messenger to all mankind, it is perplexing as to why he never gave thought to the preservation of his message.

His followers must solely take the credit of the Qur'an's existence today and its spreading to people beyond those which Muhammad had initially subjugated. Muslims however would argue that the Qur'an was preserved by Allah as he had promised.<ref>"''We have, without doubt, sent down the Message; and We will assuredly guard it (from corruption).''" - {{Quran|15|9}}</ref>

==The Evidence from Within==

We can find evidence that suggests the Qur'an was corrupted through many sources, but what is most striking is the evidence from the Qur'an itself. The Qur'an tells us "There were some among the Jews who ''pervert'' words from their proper places..."<ref>{{Qtt|4|46}}</ref>

The word "pervert" in [[Arabic]] is ''Yuharifoon'', which means "corrupt". Therefore, according to the Qur'an, ''al-Tahreef'' (corruption) is achieved through changing words from their proper places.

Has the Qur'an been subjected to such changes? Beyond a shadow of doubt, it has. If we read [[surah]] 5:3, it says "This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour upon you and have chosen for you Islam as religion."<ref>{{Quran|5|3}}</ref>

This was quoted from chapter 5, and the Qur'an contains 114 chapters in total. How can the religion of Islam be completed by chapter 5, when there are 109 chapters yet to come? If it was completed in chapter 5, then there is no need for the 109 chapters ahead.

Some Muslims argue that this verse was the last verse revealed. If that is so, was the revelation imperfect until this verse was revealed? Also, why then is it not placed at the conclusion? This proves that Muslims have changed the words from their right places, and according to the Qur'an, that is ''Tahreef'' (Corruption).

The first surah to be revealed was al-Alak, yet it is surah [[al-Fatiha]] which we find at the beginning of the Qur'an. Instead, Muslims have placed the first chapter to be revealed (al-Alaq), as chapter 96, towards the end of the Qur'an.

How is this ''not'' the changing of words from their right places? This is indeed 'Tahreef'. Muslims have not arranged the [[Chronological Order of the Qur'an|surahs chronologically]]. They took it upon themselves to organize the [[revelations]] instead of Allah completing this task himself.

==Could the Qur'an have Been Preserved through Memorization?==

We would say no, as Muhammad himself had forgotten portions of the Qur'an and needed his followers to remind him.<ref>"''Allah's Apostle heard a man reciting the Qur'an at night, and said, "May Allah bestow His Mercy on him, as he has reminded me of such-and-such Verses of such-and-such Suras, which I was caused to forget."''" - {{Bukhari|6|61|558}}</ref> This led to him having a [[Muhammad's Just In Time Revelations|"just in time" revelation]]<ref>"''Whatever communications We abrogate or cause to be forgotten, We bring one better than it or like it...''" - {{Quran|2|106}}</ref> claiming that some verses were to be forgotten.

What about the great memorizers of Islam from among the [[Salaf]], maybe they had successfully memorized it? Well, that would not work as an argument. The best, and most, of the Qurra' (“reciters”) had died before its compilation.<ref>"''...Umar has come to me and said: "Casualties were heavy among the Qurra' of the! Qur'an (i.e. those who knew the Quran by heart) on the day of the Battle of Yalmama, and I am afraid that more heavy casualties may take place among the Qurra' on other battlefields, whereby a large part of the Qur'an may be lost...''" - {{Bukhari|6|61|509}}</ref> Abu Bakr even knew that the Qur'an would be hard to collect<ref>"''...Then Abu Bakr said (to me). 'You are a wise young man and we do not have any suspicion about you, and you used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle. So you should search for (the fragmentary scripts of) the Qur'an and collect it in one book)." By Allah If they had ordered me to shift one of the mountains, it would not have been heavier for me than this ordering me to collect the Qur'an...''" - {{Bukhari|6|61|509}}</ref> and that Muhammad had never ordered such an action to be taken.<ref name="Abu Bakr"></ref>

The Qur'an in fact was ''not'' memorized in full by the [[Sahabah|companions]], and for proof of this we need only look to the words of Zaid bin Thabit, the companion who was charged with its collection.

He had stated "I started looking for the Qur'an and collecting it from (what was written on) palm-leaf stalks, thin white stones, and also from the men who knew it by heart, till I found the last verse of Surat at-Tauba (repentance) with Abi Khuzaima al-Ansari, and I did not find it with anybody other than him."<ref name="Zaid bin Thabit">"''...I started looking for the Qur'an and collecting it from (what was written on) palm-leaf stalks, thin white stones...''"{{Bukhari|6|61|509}}</ref>

Had the companions fully memorized it, why then would they look for verses in leafs and stones? Surah al-Taubah was found with one person only.

==Disagreements on the Qur'an and its Burning==

During the [[Caliph|Caliphate]] of Uthman, he heard that many Muslims were arguing that they can recite the Qur'an better, and they had differences between them.<ref>"''...Hudhaifa was afraid of their (the people of Sham and Iraq) differences in the recitation of the Qur'an, so he said to 'Uthman, "O chief of the Believers! Save this nation before they differ about the Book (Quran) as Jews and the Christians did before...''" - {{Bukhari|6|61|510}}</ref>

Upon hearing this, Uthman hurriedly ordered the burning of both fragmentary manuscripts and whole copies of the Qur'an<ref>"''...'Uthman sent to every Muslim province one copy of what they had copied, and ordered that all the other Qur'anic materials, whether written in fragmentary manuscripts or whole copies, be burnt...''" - {{Bukhari|6|61|510}}</ref> and sent a message to Hafsa (one of [[Muhammad's Wives|Muhammad's wives]]) requesting the manuscripts she had in her possession.<ref>"''...Uthman sent a message to Hafsa saying, "Send us the manuscripts of the Qur'an so that we may compile the Qur'anic materials in perfect copies and return the manuscripts to you." Hafsa sent it to 'Uthman....''" - {{Bukhari|6|61|510}}</ref> Making a codex from what Zayd bin thabit had originally compiled,<ref name="Zaid bin Thabit"></ref> he gave it to the people.

Even after the final recension of the Qur'an during Uthman's reign, disputes still came to the fore in respect to the authenticity of the text. A very good example concerns a variant reading of Surah 2.238.

The Qur'an as it stands today, reads "Maintain your prayers, particularly the middle prayer (as-salaatil wustaa), and stand before Allah in devoutness".<ref>{{Qtt|2|238}}</ref>

The variant reading of this verse was given by [[Aisha]], according to whom, in this verse it says 'Asr Prayer' (salaatiil 'asri).<ref>"''Abu Yunus, freedman of Aishah, Mother of Believers, reported: Aishah ordered me to transcribe the Holy Qur'an and asked me to let her know when I should arrive at the verse Hafidhuu alaas-salaati waas-salaatiil-wustaa wa quumuu lillaahi qaanitiin (2.238). When I arrived at the verse I informed her and she ordered: Write it in this way, Hafidhuu alaas-salaati waas-salaatiil-wustaa wa salaatiil 'asri wa quumuu lillaahi qaanitiin. She added that she had heard it so from the Apostle of Allah.''" - Muwatta Imam Malik, p.64</ref> However, according to Hafsa's Codex,<ref>"''It is reported by Abdullah on the authority of Muhammad ibn Abdul Malik who reported from Yazid (etc.) ... It is written in the codex of Hafsah, the widow of the Prophet (saw): "Observe your prayers, especially the middle prayer and the afternoon prayer"''" - Ibn Abi Dawud, Kitab al-Masahif, p.87</ref> this was never the case.

==Abdullah bin Mas'ud- Authority of the Qur'an and Best Qur'anic Teacher==

Muhammad ordered Muslims to learn the Qur'an from four individuals and the first of them was Abdullah bin Mas'ud.<ref name="bin Masud">"''Narrated Masruq: Abdullah bin Mas'ud was mentioned before Abdullah bin Amr who said, "That is a man I still love, as I heard the Prophet (saw) saying, 'Learn the recitation of the Qur'an from four: from Abdullah bin Mas'ud - he started with him - Salim, the freed slave of Abu Hudhaifa, Mu'adh bin Jabal and Ubai bin Ka'b".''" - Sahih al-Bukhari, Vol. 5, p.96</ref> So, according to Muhammad, Ibn Mas'ud was an authority on the Qur'an.

Ibn Mas'ud swore that he knew all the surahs of the Qur'an, saying "By Allah other than Whom none has the right to be worshipped! There is no Sura revealed in Allah's Book but I know at what place it was revealed; and there is no verse revealed in Allah's Book but I know about whom it was revealed. And if I know that there is somebody who knows Allah's Book better than I, and he is at a place that camels can reach, I would go to him".<ref>Sahih al-Bukhari, Vol. 6, p.488</ref>

That is quite a grandiose statement by Ibn Mas'ud, which we cannot disagree with. After all, according to Muhammad's words, he was one of the chosen teachers whom Muslims were to go to when they desired to learn the Qur'an.

After Muhammad's choice of Abdullah bin Mas'ud, he was followed by Salim, the freed slave of Abu Hudhaifa, Mu'adh bin Jabal and Ubai bin Ka'b.<ref name="bin Masud"></ref> What is odd is that we do not find any mention of Zayd Bin Thabit who was ultimately entrusted by Uthman with the task of collecting the Qur'an from scraps.

==Ibn Mas'ud's Disagreement with Uthman==

The Qur'an that Ibn Mas'ud had was known and agreed upon by many Muslims. When Uthman ordered that all codices must be destroyed and that only Zayd's codex is to be preserved, The reaction of Abdallah ibn Masud was great.

"I have not led them [the people of Kufa] astray. There is no verse in the Book of Allah that I do not know where it was revealed and why it was revealed, and if I knew anyone more learned in the Book of Allah and I could be conveyed there, I would set out to him".<ref>"''Hudhaifah went on to say, "0 Abdullah ibn Qais, you were sent to the people of Basra as their governor (amir) and teacher and they have submitted to your rules, your idioms and your reading". He continued, "0 Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, you were sent to the people of Kufa as their teacher who have also submitted to your rules, idioms and reading". Abdullah said to him, "In that case I have not led them astray. There is no verse in the Book of Allah that I do not know where it was revealed and why it was revealed, and if I knew anyone more learned in the Book of Allah and I could be conveyed there, I would set out to him".''" - Ibn Abi Dawud, Kitab al-Masahif, p.14</ref>

Referring to the authority given to Zaid bin thabit, Abdullah ibn Mas'ud said, "I recited from the messenger of Allah (saw) seventy surahs which I had perfected before Zaid ibn Thabit had embraced Islam".<ref>Ibn Abi Dawud, Kitab al-Masahif, p.17</ref>

When Uthman ordered the destruction of Ibn Mas'ud's codex, Ibn Mas'ud gave a sermon in Kufa and said "The people have been guilty of deceit in the reading of the Qur'an. I like it better to read according to the recitation of him (Prophet) whom I love more than that of Zayd Ibn Thabit. By Him besides Whom there is no god! I learnt more than seventy surahs from the lips of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, while Zayd Ibn Thabit was a youth, having two locks and playing with the youth".<ref>Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir, Vol. 2, p.444</ref>

Zaid bin thabit was in no place to be a rival to the great scholar and teacher Ibn Mas'ud, and such sermons by him are devastating to the history of Islam and to the authenticity of the Qur'an.

==What did Ibn Mas'ud have in his Qur'an that Uthman did not?==

Ibn Mas'ud's Qur'anic text omitted surah al-Fatiha and the mu'awwithatayni (surahs 113 and 114).<ref>"''Imam Fakhruddin said that the reports in some of the ancient books that Ibn Mas'ud denied that Suratul-Fatiha and the Mu'awwithatayni are part of the Qur'an are embarrassing in their implications... But the Qadi Abu Bakr said "It is not soundly reported from him that they are not part of the Qur'an and there is no record of such a statement from him. He omitted them from his manuscript as he did not approve of their being written. This does not mean he denied they were part of the Qur'an. In his view the Sunnah was that nothing should be inscribed in the text (mushaf) unless so commanded by the Prophet (saw) ... and he had not heard that it had been so commanded.''" - as-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fii Ulum al-Qur'an, p.186</ref>

When we come to the rest of the Qur'an, we find that there were numerous differences of reading between the texts of Zaid and Ibn Mas'ud. The records in Ibn Abu Dawud's Kitab al-Masahif fill up no less than nineteen pages<ref>Kitab al-Masahif, pp. 54-73</ref> and, from all the sources available, one can trace no less than 101 variants in the Suratul-Baqarah alone.

We will provide you with the mention of just a few of the differences here in illustration of the nature of the variations between the texts:

Surah 2:275 begins with the words ''Allathiina yaakuluunar-ribaa laa yaquumuuna'', meaning "those who devour usury will not stand". Ibn Mas'ud's text had the same introduction but after the last word there was added the expression ''yawmal qiyaamati'', that is, they would not be able to stand on the "Day of Resurrection".

The variant is mentioned in Abu Ubaid's Kitab Fadhail al-Qur'an.<ref>cf. Nِldeke, Geschichte, 3.63; Jeffery, Materials, p.31</ref> The variant was also recorded in the codex of Talha ibn Musarrif, a secondary codex dependent on Ibn Mas'ud's text, Taiha likewise being based at Kufa in Iraq where Ibn Mas'ud was based as governor and where his codex was widely followed.<ref>Jeffery, p.343</ref>

Surah 5:91, in the standard text, contains the exhortation ''fasiyaamu thalaathati ayyaamin'', meaning "fast for three days". Ibn Mas'ud's text had, after the last word, the adjective ''mutataabi'aatin'', meaning three "successive" days.

The variant derives from at-Tabari<ref>7.19.11 - cf. Nِldeke, 3.66; Jeffery, p.40</ref> and was also mentioned by Abu Ubaid. This variant reading was, significantly, found in Ubayy ibn Ka'b's text as well<ref>Jeffery, p.129</ref> and in the texts of Ibn Abbas<ref>Jeffery, p.199</ref> and Ibn Mas'ud's pupil Ar-Rabi ibn Khuthaim.<ref>Jeffery, p.289</ref>

The Qur'an we have today was rejected by Ibn Masud, whom the prophet of Islam himself approved of. This tells us that the Qur'an we have is not the word of Allah.

==Ubay bin Ka'b==

Ubay ibn Ka'b, one of the four which were singled-out by Muhammad,<ref name="bin Masud"></ref> was considered the best reciter of the Qur'an.<ref>"''Affan ibn Muslim informed us ... on the authority of Anas ibn Malik, he on the authority of the Prophet, may Allah bless him; he said: The best reader (of the Qur'an) among my people is Ubayyi ibn Ka'b.''" - Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir, Vol. 2, p.441 </ref> He was known as Sayidul Qura' (The Master of Reciters). Umar the Caliph also agreed that Ubay was the best reciter.<ref>Sahih al-Bukhari, Vol. 6, p.489</ref>

Ubay agreed with Ibn Mas'ud and disagreed with Zayd on the following:

1. For the standard reading ''wa yush-hidullaaha'' in Surah 2:204 he read ''wa yastash-hidullaaha''.<ref>cf. Nِldeke 3.83; Jeffery, p.120</ref> 2. He omitted the words ''in khiftum'' from Surah 4:101.<ref>cf. Nِldeke 3.85; Jeffery, p.127</ref> 3. He read ''mutathab-thibiina'' for ''muthabthabiina'' in Surah 4:143.<ref>cf. Jeffery, p.127</ref>

There are a number of cases where whole clauses differed in his text. In Surah 5:48, where the standard text reads ''wa katabnaa 'alayhim fiiha'', meaning "and We inscribed therein for them (the Jews)", the reading of Ubayy ibn Ka'b was ''wa anzalallaahu alaa banii Isra'iila fiiha'', meaning "and Allah sent down therein to the Children of Israel."<ref>cf. Nِldeke 3.85; Jeffery, p.128</ref>

From Abu Ubaid we find that, whereas Surah 17:16 in the standard text reads ''amarnaa mutrafiihaa fafasaquu'', Ubay read this clause ''ba'athnaa akaabira mujri-miihaa fdmakaruu''.<ref>cf. Nِldeke 3.88; Jeffery, p.140</ref>

We know that, whereas Ibn Mas'ud omitted two surahs (113 and 114) from his codex, Ubayy included two extra surahs, al-Hafd (the Haste)<ref>"''You (alone) we worship, and to You (alone) we pray and lie prostrate, and to You (alone) we proceed and have descendants. We fear Your torture and hope for Your mercy. Truly Your torture will overtake the infidels.''" - al-Hafd ([http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Miracle/ubay.html the Haste])</ref> and al-Khal' (the Separation).<ref>"''O Allah, You (alone) we ask for help and forgiveness. We speak appreciatingly of Your goodness. Never do we disbelieve You. We repudiate and disbelieve anyone who follows immorality.''" - al-Khal' ([http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Miracle/ubay.html the Separation])</ref><ref>as-Suyuti, Al-Itqan, p.152-153</ref>

==What is Missing from the Qur'an==

Surah at-Tawba was originally equal to the length of al-Baqara, losing about 157 verses.<ref>"''Malik says that several verses from chapter 9 (Sura of Repentance) have been dropped from the beginning. Among them is, ‘In the name of God the compassionate, the Merciful’ because it was proven that the length of Sura of Repentance was equal to the length of the Sura of the Cow.''" - "The Itqan" by Suyuti Part 3, Page 184</ref>

Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, one of the early authorities on the Qur'an text and a companion of Muhammad, claimed a surah which resembled at-Tawba in length and severity was forgotten and lost.<ref>"''We used to recite a surah which resembled in length and severity to (Surah) Bara'at. I have, however, forgotten it with the exception of this which I remember out of it: "If there were two valleys full of riches, for the son of Adam, he would long for a third valley, and nothing would fill the stomach of the son of Adam but dust.''" - Sahih Muslim, Vol. 2, p.501</ref>

According to Abu Waqid al-Laithii, Muhammad recited to him the verse on "the greed of man" which read, "We sent down wealth to maintain prayer and deeds of charity, and if the son of Adam had a valley he would leave it in search for another like it and, if he got another like it, he would press on for a third, and nothing would satisfy the stomach of the son of Adam but dust, yet Allah is relenting towards those who relent."<ref>"''Abu Waqid al-Laithii said, "When the messenger of Allah (saw) received the revelation we would come to him and he would teach us what had been revealed. (I came) to him and he said 'It was suddenly communicated to me one day: Verily Allah says, ...''" - As-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fii Ulum al-Qur'an, p.525</ref> This verse is not found in today's Qur'an.

The lost verse of Rajm ([[stoning]]) which read "The fornicators among the married men (ash-shaikh) and married women (ash-shaikhah), stone them as an exemplary punishment from Allah, and Allah is Mighty and Wise,"<ref>As-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fii Ulum al-Qur'an, p.524</ref> was originally found in Surah al-Ahzab<ref>"''Umar said to me ‘How many verses are contained in the chapter of al-Ahzab?’ I said, ‘72 or 73 verses.’ He said it was almost as long as the chapter of the Cow, which contains 287 verses, and in it there was the verse of stoning.''" - Al-Muttaqi ‘Ali bin Husam al-Din in his book “Mukhtasar Kanz al-’Ummal” printed on the margin of Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Volume 2, page 2, in his hadith about chapter 33</ref>.

This verse, along with verses regarding adult suckling, were written on a piece of paper and were lost when a goat ate them.<ref>Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal. vol. 6. page 269; Sunan Ibn Majah, page 626; Ibn Qutbah, Tawil Mukhtalafi 'l-Hadith (Cairo: Maktaba al-Kulliyat al-Azhariyya. 1966) page 310; As-Suyuti, ad-Durru 'l-Manthur, vol. 2. page 13</ref> The loss of the stoning verse is confirmed by Caliph Umar in [[sahih]] hadith.<ref>"''...Umar b. Khattab sat on the pulpit of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and said: Verily Allah sent Muhammad (may peace be upon him) with truth and He sent down the Book upon him, and the verse of stoning was included in what was sent down to him. We recited it, retained it in our memory and understood it. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) awarded the punishment of stoning to death (to the married adulterer and adulteress) and, after him, we also awarded the punishment of stoning, I am afraid that with the lapse of time, the people (may forget it) and may say: We do not find the punishment of stoning in the Book of Allah, and thus go astray by abandoning this duty prescribed by Allah. stoning is a duty laid down in Allah's Book for married men and women who commit adultery when proof is established, or it there is pregnancy, or a confession....''" - {{Muslim|17|4194}}</ref>

==Alhajjaj changes the Uthmanic Qur'an==

The text we have today is not even Uthman's Revised Version of the Qur'an, but it incorporates changes by Al-Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf Al-Thakafi.

Al-Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf Al-Thakafi, who lived in the years AD 660-714, was a teacher of the Arabic language in the city of Taif. Then he joined the military and became the most powerful person during the reign of Caliph Abd al-Malik Ibn Marawan and after him his son al-Waleed Ibn Abd al-Malik. Because Al-Hajjaj taught Arabic, he gave himself the liberty to change several words of Caliph Uthman's Qur'an, which is an indication that he did not believe that the Qur'an was verbally inspired or was inscribed in a "tablet preserved."

For brevity's sake we will only mention a few of these changes:

1. In Surah Yunus 10:22, he changed the word ''yanshorokom'', which means "spread you," to ''yousayerokom'', which means "makes you to go on."

2. In Surah Ash-Shuara 26:116, he changed the word ''Al-Mukhrageen'', which means "the cast out," to ''Al-Margoomeen'', which means "those who are to be stoned [to death]."

3. In Surah Ash-Shuara 26:167, he changed the word ''Min Al-Margoomeen'', which means "those who are to be stoned to death," to ''Al-Mukhrageen'', which means "those who will assuredly be cast out."

4. In Surah Muhammad 47:15, he changed the word ''yasen'', which is poor Arabic to ''Asen'', which means "unpolluted."

5. In Surah al-Hadid 57:7, he changed the word ''wataqu'', which means "feared Allah," to ''Wa-anfaqu'', which means "spend in charity."

If you read Qur'anic [[Tafsir]]s such as al-Jalalayn and others on these verses, you will notice that they will say that there are other readings of these words, proving that there was corruption.

Visit [http://web.archive.org/web/20070309000028/http://www.geocities.com/pentaur2001/index.html this] site to see the differences between Samarqand Codex and Uthmans Codex.

==Differences in the Hafs and Warsh Texts==

Apart from other earlier variant text, there are two different texts of the Qur'an currently in print, named after their respective 2nd-century transmitters Hafs (from Kufa) and Warsh (from Medina).

The Hafs text is the more common and used in most areas of the Islamic world. Warsh is used mainly in West and North-West Africa as well as by the Zaydiya in Yemen. Here are some of the differences:

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center" width = "60%" class=wikitable
! Surah
! Hafs
! Warsh
! Notes
|-
|2:132
|wawassa
|wa'awsa
|Al-Dani mentions Abu `Ubayd saw wa'awsa
in the imam, the mushaf `Uthman
|-
|3:133
|wasari'u
|sari'u
|
|-
|5:54
|yartadda
|yartadid
|Al-Dani quotes Abu `Ubayd saw yartadid in the imam
|-
|3:81
|ataytukum
|ataynakum
|
|-
|2:259
|nunshizuha
|nunshiruha
|
|-
|2:140
|taquluna
|yaquluna
|
|}

==Diacritical Marks and Grammatical Mistakes==

The Qur'an was written without [[Diacritical Marks of the Qur'an|diacritical marks]]. At the time of Muhammad, Arabic orthography was yet to develop into what we have known for centuries.

For the early interpretors who added diacritical marks, to read the Qur'an as it was originally written, would lead the reader to interpret and choose for themselves from the many possible meanings available.

Muslims began using diacritical marks because reading "errors" began to appear,<ref>"''The companions (Muhammad’s friends or “Sahaba”) did not vocalize or provide diacritical points for the letters of the Qur’anic copies which they wrote, but later during the last part of the companions’ era, when reading errors came into being, they began to provide diacritical points for the copies of the Qur’an and to vocalize them. This was admissible by the authority of the majority of the scholars, though some of them disliked it. The truth is, it should not be disliked because the situation necessitated it, and the diacritical points distinguish the letters from each other while vocalization explains the grammatical inflection.''" - Ibn Taymiyyah, "Sheik of the Muslims" vol. XII, pp. 576 and 586</ref> and the differences this created had led to differences in Islamic law.<ref>As-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fii Ulum al-Qur'an, p.226</ref>

The following are just a few examples from among many grammatical ''mistakes'' which show that the Qur'an is not flawless.

1. ''Sabi'een'' or ''Sabi'oon'', one must be wrong (5:69, 22:17)

2. ''Butunihi'' is a mistake in 16:66. It must be ''Butuniha'', because it is referring to the plural (cattle).

3. ''Kon fayakoon'', meaning "be and it is", must be ''kon fakana'', meaning "be and he was" in 3:59, because it refers to the past not present.

==Corruption of Previous Scriptures==

Many Muslims erroneously believe that the Qur'an claims the [[Corruption of Previous Scriptures (Qur'an 2:79)|corruption of previous scriptures]]. However with this erroneous belief comes a new set of problems.

The Qur'an says in 15:9, "We have revealed the ''dhikr'' (reminder) and we surely will preserve it," but which "reminder" is Allah referring to, and who decided it only applied to Qur'anic text?

The [[Taurat]] and [[Injil]] are also referred to as ''dhikr'' in 21:48, 21:7, and 40:53-54. So if Allah could not protect these ''dhikrs'' as he promised in 15:9, how can we expect him to protect the last ''dhikr''?

Allah said he will preserve the ''dhikr'', either he preserves all the ''dhikr'' (Taurat, Injil, and Qur'an) or None.

==Conclusion==

What have we learnt here? We have learnt that some verses are missing, some readings are different, and the very best scholars and reciters of Islam, whom Muhammad himself had approved of, rejected the Qur'an of Uthman.

What are we left with? We are left with a very human text, as prone to corruption as any other medieval text, and Muslims who deny this are left holding an untenable position.

{{Core Scripture}}

==See Also==

{{Hub4|Corruption of Qur'an|Corruption of the Qur'an}}

==External Links==

*[http://www.answering-islam.org/Gilchrist/Jam/index.html Jam' Al-Qur'an: The Codification of the Qur'an Text] ''- A Comprehensive Study of the Original Collection of the Qur'an Text and the Early Surviving Qur'an Manuscripts''

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Disguised‎]]
{{page_title|Corruption of the Qur'an}}

Child Marriage in the Qur'an

2016-01-31T14:42:12Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 46.185.189.71 (talk) to last revision by 85.17.24.66

Prophet [[Muhammad]] married [[Aisha]] when she was [[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Aisha#Aisha.27s_Age_at_Consummation_and_Marriage|six]], and had [[sex|sexual intercourse]] with her while she still remained [[Muhammad and the Clinical Definition of Pedophilia|pre-pubescent]] at the age of nine [[Islamic Lunar Calendar|lunar years]]. This fact has been recorded many times in [[Sahih]] [[Hadith|ahadith]]. This article will discuss the [[Qur'an|Qur'anic]] verse that allows [[Paedophilia]].
[[File:Women protesters.jpg|right|thumb|300px|March 23, 2010: Women protesters hold up copies of the Qur'an outside parliament in Sanaa while stating that a proposed law banning marriages under the age of 17 in Yemen is un-Islamic<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88589 YEMEN: Deep divisions over child brides] - IRIN, March 28, 2010</ref>]]
== Introduction ==

The Qur'an has stipulated a waiting period which women must observe before they can remarry. This waiting period must be observed after they are divorced, or if their husbands have died. In the Qur'an, this is called ''Iddah'' or ''Iddat'' (العدة‎). However, there is one exception to this requirement in Qur'an 33:49:

{{Quote|{{Qtt|33|49}}| {{right|
ياايها الذين امنوا اذا نكحتم المؤمنات ثم طلقتموهن من قبل ان تمسوهن فمالكم عليهن من عدة تعتدونهافمتعوهن وسرحوهن سراحا جميلا
}}
'''Transliteration:''' ''Ya ayyuha allatheena amanoo itha nakahtumu almuminati thumma tallaqtumoohunna min qabli an tamassoohunna fama lakum AAalayhinna min AAiddatin taAAtaddoonaha famattiAAoohunna wasarrihoohunna sarahan jameelan''

'''Yusuf Ali:''' O ye who believe! If ye wed believing women and divorce them before ye have touched them, then there is no period that ye should reckon. But content them and release them handsomely.}}

From the verse above it is understood that Iddah (stipulated waiting period) is required if sexual contact has occurred within the marriage. If a woman is not touched by her husband, she should not have to observe any waiting period at all.

After the mention of women who have not had their marriage consummated, the Qur'an goes further - discussing the women who need to observe the 'iddah, and the span of time required. We see in Qur'an 65.4:

{{Quote|{{Qtt|65|4}}|{{right|
واللائي يئسن من المحيض من نسائكم ان ارتبتم فعدتهن ثلاثة اشهر واللائي لم يحضن واولات الاحمال اجلهن ان يضعن حملهن ومن يتق الله يجعل له من امره يسرا
}}
'''Transliteration:''' ''Waalla-ee ya-isna mina almaheedi min nisa-ikum ini irtabtum faAAiddatuhunna thalathatu ashhurin waalla-ee lam yahidna waolatu al-ahmali ajaluhunna an yadaAAna hamlahunna waman yattaqi Allaha yajAAal lahu min amrihi yusran''

'''Yusuf Ali:''' Such of your women as have passed the age of monthly courses, for them the prescribed period, if ye have any doubts, is three months, and for those who have no courses (it is the same): for those who carry (life within their wombs), their period is until they deliver their burdens: and for those who fear Allah, He will make their path easy.}}

Here the 'Iddah is prescribed to three categories of women:

#First the phrase: “Yaisna min al-maheedhi” which means “those women who are desperate of menses” is an indication to women who reached the stage of menstruation but do not menstruate and of those who reached menopause. Desperate of menses underlines that it concerns women who though reached the age, fail to menstruate too. Their 'Iddah period is three months.
#Next comes, “Wallaee Lam yahidhna” which means “those who have not menstruated yet” This group of females are pre-pubescent girls who have not yet menstruated. Here the 'Iddah prescribed for them is equal to the previous group of women (ie. three months).
#Lastly, the women who are pregnant - their prescribed 'iddah is until they have given birth.

The above translation of the verse masks the real meaning, so the verse has to be studied in [[Arabic]]. The actual meaning of this verse and its implications are explicitly endorsed by [[tafsir]]s as will be shown below.

== Tafsirs of the Verse ==

Only the relevant parts from the Tafsirs will be quoted, because quoting the tafsir's for the verse in their entirety will be space consuming and a waste of effort. What needs to be confirmed will be extracted from Tafsirs. If anyone doubts whether these have been quoted out of context, the reference is given on each tafsir so it can be verified by checking original sources.

=== Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi ===

{{quote |1=[http://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php?sura=65 Commentary on Qur'an Chapter 65:4] Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, Tafhim al-Qur'an|2= Here, one should bear in mind the fact that according to the explanations given in the Quran the question of the waiting period arises in respect of the women with whom marriage may have been consummated, for there is no waiting-period in case divorce is pronounced before the consummation of marriage. (Al-Ahzab: 49). Therefore, '''making mention of the waiting-period for the girls who have not yet menstruated, clearly proves that it is not only permissible to give away the girl in marriage at this age but it is also permissible for the husband to consummate marriage with her.''' Now, obviously no Muslim has the right to forbid a thing which the Quran has held as permissible.}}

Note here what Maududi mentions on giving pre-pubescent girls in marriage and consummating the marriage with them. The interpreter affirms it is permitted by the Qur'an and no Muslims can question or forbid it.

=== 'Ibn Kathir ===

{{quote |1=[http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=65&tid=54196 The `Iddah of Those in Menopause and Those Who do not have Menses (Qur'an 65:4)] Tafsir Ibn Kathir |2= The `Iddah of Those in Menopause and Those Who do not have Menses Allah the Exalted clarifies the waiting period of the woman in menopause. And that is the one whose menstruation has stopped due to her older age. Her `Iddah is three months instead of the three monthly cycles for those who menstruate, which is based upon the Ayah in (Surat) Al-Baqarah. [see 2:228] '''The same for the young, who have not reached the years of menstruation.''' Their `Iddah is three months like those in menopause. This is the meaning of His saying.}}

=== Al-Jalalayn ===

{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Qur'an 65:4] Tafsir al-Jalalayn|2= And [as for] those of your women who (read allā'ī or allā'i in both instances) no longer expect to menstruate, if you have any doubts, about their waiting period, their prescribed [waiting] period shall be three months, and [also for] '''those who have not yet menstruated, because of their young age, their period shall [also] be three months''' - both cases apply to other than those whose spouses have died; for these [latter] their period is prescribed in the verse: they shall wait by themselves for four months and ten [days] [Q. 2:234]. And those who are pregnant, their term, the conclusion of their prescribed [waiting] period if divorced or if their spouses be dead, shall be when they deliver. And whoever fears God, He will make matters ease for him, in this world and in the Hereafter.}}

=== Ibn Abbas ===

{{Quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Qur'an 65:4] Tafsir Ibn Abbas|2= (And for such of your women as despair of menstruation) because of old age, (if ye doubt) about their waiting period, (their period (of waiting) shall be three months) upon which another man asked: “O Messenger of Allah! '''"What about the waiting period of those who do not have menstruation because they are too young?” (along with those who have it not) because of young age, their waiting period is three months."''' Another man asked: “what is the waiting period for those women who are pregnant?” (And for those with child) i.e. those who are pregnant, (their period) their waiting period (shall be till they bring forth their burden) their child. (And whosoever keepeth his duty to Allah) and whoever fears Allah regarding what he commands him, (He maketh his course easy for him) He makes his matter easy; and it is also said this means: He will help him to worship Him well.}}

=== Al-Wahidi ===

{{quote |1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Qur'an 65:4] Al-Wahidi, Asbab al-nuzul|2= (And for such of your women as despair of menstruation…) [65:4]. Said Muqatil: “When the verse (Women who are divorced shall wait, keeping themselves apart…), Kallad ibn al-Nu‘man ibn Qays al-Ansari said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, '''what is the waiting period of the woman who does not menstruate and the woman who has not menstruated yet?''' And what is the waiting period of the pregnant woman?’ '''And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse”.''' Abu Ishaq al-Muqri’ informed us> Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Hamdun> Makki ibn ‘Abdan> Abu’l-Azhar> Asbat ibn Muhammad> Mutarrif> Abu ‘Uthman ‘Amr ibn Salim who said: “When the waiting period for divorced and widowed women was mentioned in Surah al-Baqarah, Ubayy ibn Ka‘b said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, some women of Medina are saying: there are other women who have not been mentioned!’ He asked him: ‘And who are they?’ He said: '''Those who are too young [such that they have not started menstruating yet]''', those who are too old [whose menstruation has stopped] and those who are pregnant’. And so this verse (And for such of your women as despair of menstruation…) was revealed”.}}

=== Al-Tabari ===

{{Quote|Tafsir Al-Tabari, 14/142|The interpretation of the verse "And those of your women as have passed the age of monthly courses, for them the 'Iddah (prescribed period), if you have doubt (about their periods), is three months; '''and for those who have no courses (i.e. they are still immature) their 'Iddah (prescribed period) is three months likewise". He said: The same applies to the 'idaah for girls who do not menstruate because they are too young, if their husbands divorce them after consummating the marriage with them.'''}}

===Al-Zamakhshari===

{{quote |1=[http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=2&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=1 Qur'an 65:4] Al-Zamakhshari, Al-Kashshaaf|2= {{right|
روي أن ناساً قالوا: قد عرفنا عدة ذوات الأقراء، فما عدة اللائي لا يحضن؛ فنزلت: فمعنى إِنِ ٱرْتَبْتُمْ }: إن أشكل عليكم حكمهن وجهلتم كيف يعتددن فهذا حكمهنّ، وقيل: إن ارتبتم في ذم البالغات مبلغ اليأس وقد قدروه بستين سنة وبخمس وخمسين، أهو دم حيض أو استحاضة؟ { فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَـٰثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ } وإذا كانت هذه عدة المرتاب بها، فغير المرتاب بها أولى بذلك '''{ وَٱلَّٰۤئى لَمْ يَحِضْنَ }''' هن الصغائر''' }} }}

The bold text means “Those who have not menstruated” are young girls.

=== Tabrasi ===

{{quote |1=[http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=3&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&Page=7&Size=1&LanguageId=1 Qur'an 65:4] Tabrasi|2= {{right|
{ واللآئي لم يحضن } تقديره واللآئي لم يحضن إن ارتبتم فعدتهن أيضاً ثلاثة أشهر وحذف لدلالة الكلام الأول عليه وهن اللواتي '''لم يبلغن''' المحيض ومثلهن تحيض على ما مرَّ بيانه.}} }}

The bold text translates as “They are those who haven’t reached the age of menstruation”. Tabrasi comments on the phrase “Wallaee Lam yahidhna” = “Those who have not menstruated yet” in the verse.

=== Al-Shoukani ===

{{quote |1=[http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=9&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&Page=3&Size=1&LanguageId=1 Qur'an 65:4] Al-Shoukani, Fath al-Qadir|2= {{right|
{ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَـٰثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ '''وَٱللاَّئِى لَمْ يَحِضْنَ } لصغرهن، وعدم بلوغهن سن المحيض،''' أي: فعدتهن ثلاثة أشهر }} }}

The bold part translated as: “Those who have not menstruated yet” are young girls who have not reached the age of menstruation.

=== Abu-Hayyan ===

{{quote |1=[http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=19&tSoraNo=65&tAyahNo=4&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=1 Qur'an 65:4] Abu-Hayyan|2= {{right|
واللائي '''لم يحضن''' } ، فالعدة هذه، فتلخص في قوله: { إن ارتبتم } قولان: أحدهما، أنه على ظاهر مفهوم اللغة فيه، وهو حصول الشك؛ والآخر، أن معناه التيقن للإياس؛ والقول الأول معناه: إن ارتبتم في دمها، أهو دم حيض أو دم علة؟ أو إن ارتبتم في علوق بحمل أم لا؛ أو إن ارتبتم: أي جهلتم عدتهن، أقوال. والظاهر أن قوله: واللائي '''لم يحضن''' } يشمل من لم يحض لصغر، }} }}

The bold: “Those who have not menstruated yet” denotes those not menstruated because of being young.

== Evidence from the Hadith==

From Imam Bukhari in his book of Tafsir and hadith collections:

{{Quote|[http://bewley.virtualave.net/bukhari33.html Sahih Al-Bukhari, Chapter 68: Book of Tafsir]|'''CCCLXXXIV: The Tafsir of Surat at-Talaq''' Mujahid said that "if you have any doubt" (65:4) means if you do not know whether she menstruates or not. Those who do not longer menstruate and '''those who have not yet menstruated, their 'idda is three months'''.}}

{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url= http://archive.org/download/SahihAl-bukhari9Vol.Set/SahihAl-bukhariVol.7-Ahadith5063-5969.pdf|title= The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih Al-Bukhari|publisher= Dar-us-Salam Publications|isbn= 9960-717-38-0|author= Al-Bukhari (au.), Muhammad M. Khan (tr.)|date= June 1, 1997|series=vol. 7, book 67, ch. 39|page= 57|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2FSahihAl-bukhari9Vol.Set%2FSahihAl-bukhariVol.7-Ahadith5063-5969.pdf&date=2013-08-13|deadurl=no}}|'''(39) CHAPTER. Giving one's young children in marriage (is permissible).'''

By virtue of the Statement of Allah : "...and for those who have no (monthly)
courses (i.e. they are still immature).. (V.65:4) And the 'Idda for the girl before puberty is
three months (in the above Verse).

'''5133.''' Narrated 'Aishah; that the Prophet wrote the marriage contract with her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old, and then she remained with him for nine years (i.e. till his death).}}

From Sahih Muslim:

{{Quote|Capter heading for {{Muslim|8|3309}} to {{Muslim|8|3311}}|Chapter 10: It is permissible for the father to give the hand of his daughter in marriage '''even when she is not fully grown''' up.}}

The following Muwatta hadith shows it's permissible to marry girls who have not reached puberty:

{{quote|{{Muwatta|29|33|108|}}|
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, visited Umm Salama while she was in mourning for Abu Salama and she had put aloes on her eyes. He said, "What is this, Umm Salama?" She said, "It is only aloes, Messenger of Allah." He said, "Put it on at night and wipe it off in the daytime."

'''Malik said, "The mourning of a young girl who has not yet had a menstrual period takes the same form as the mourning of one who has had a period. She avoids what a mature woman avoids if her husband dies." '''

Malik said, "A slave-girl mourns her husband when he dies for two months and five nights like her idda.''

Malik said, "An umm walad does not have to mourn when her master dies, and a slave-girl does not have to mourn when her master dies. Mourning is for those with husbands."}}

The following is from Fath al-Bari, the most authoritative commentary on Sahih Al-Bukhari:

{{Quote|1=|2= {{right|
واللائي لم يحضن , فجعل عدتها ثلاثة أشهر قبل البلوغ ) ‏ ‏أي فدل على أن نكاحها قبل البلوغ جائز
}}

"and those who never had menses, their prescribed period is three months before puberty, which indicates that giving her into marriage before puberty is permissible."<ref>[http://hadith.al-islam.com/display/Display.asp?Doc=0&Rec=7644 Al-Islam (Arabic text)]</ref><ref>[http://www.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=9381&idto=9382&bk_no=52&ID=2847 IslamWeb (Arabic text)]</ref>}}

==Recent Fatwas==

IslamOnline.net is the sixth most popular Islamic website on the internet, according to Wikipedia. The following excerpt is taken from a December 2010 fatwa.

{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamonline.net%2Far%2FIOLCounsel_C%2F1278406761316%2F1278406720653%2F%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%9F-&date=2011-02-03 Is it permissible to restrict the age at which girls can marry?] Submitted by Ahmad, IslamOnline, December 24, 2010|2=The Noble Qur'an has also mentioned the waiting period [i.e. for a divorced wife to remarry] for the wife who has not yet menstruated, saying: "And those who no longer expect menstruation among your women - if you doubt, then their period is three months, and [also for] those who have not menstruated" [Qur'an 65:4]. Since this is not negated later, '''we can take from this verse that it is permissible to have sexual intercourse with a prepubescent girl'''. The Qur'an is not like the books of jurisprudence which mention what the implications of things are, even if they are prohibited. '''It is true that the prophet (PBUH) entered into a marriage contract with A'isha when she was six years old, however he did not have sex with her until she was nine years old''', according to al-Bukhari.}}

{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/61C5nBLpe Child marriage in Islam] Islamweb, Fatwa No. 88089, June 24, 2004|2='''Getting married at an early age is something that is confirmed by the book of Allah''', the Sunnah of his Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam), the consensus of the scholars and the actions of the companions, and the Muslims who came after them.

Moreover, the interest of Shariah proves it. So the claim that this was abrogated is not correct. And the Hadith did not include that meaning; it just states that a virgin woman is not to be married until consulted.

The evidence from the Qur'an is:

1. The saying of Allah: "And those of your women as have passed the age of monthly courses, for them the 'Iddah (prescribed period), if you have doubts (about their periods), is three months, and for those who have no courses [(i.e. they are still immature) their 'Iddah (prescribed period) is three months likewise, except in case of death]". (At-Talaq 65:4)

So, '''Allah set rulings of marriage, divorce and waiting period for the women who have not yet had menses, i.e. the young girls'''.

The Iddah (waiting period) does not take place except after marriage.}}

== Apologetic Objections ==

=== The Qur'an prohibits marriage to pre-pubescent females ===

Modern apologists who reject the tafsirs and the ahadith often wish to present Qur'an 65:4 as having been 'mistranslated' or 'misunderstood' throughout the ages by all of their own Islamic scholars. Instead they wish to re-translate 65:4 in a less harmful way, and then point to other verses in the Qur'an in an attempt to show that Allah did not allow Muslim men to marry pre-pubescent females. The favourite verse for this is usually Qur'an 4:6:

{{quote|{{Qtt|4|6}}|
{{right|وابتلوا اليتامى حتى اذا بلغوا النكاح فان انستم منهم رشدا فادفعوا اليهم اموالهم ولاتاكلوها اسرافا وبدارا ان يكبروا ومن كان غنيا فليستعفف ومن كان فقيرا فلياكل بالمعروف فاذا دفعتم اليهم اموالهم فاشهدوا عليهم وكفى بالله حسيبا
}}

'''Transliteration:''' Waibtaloo alyatama hatta itha balaghoo aln'''nikaha''' fa-in anastum minhum rushdan faidfaAAoo ilayhim amwalahum wala ta/kulooha israfan wabidaran an yakbaroo waman kana ghaniyyan falyastaAAfif waman kana faqeeran falya/kul bialmaAAroofi fa-itha dafaAAtum ilayhim amwalahum faashhidoo AAalayhim wakafa biAllahi haseeban

'''Yusuf Ali:''' Make trial of orphans until they reach the age of marriage; if then ye find sound judgment in them, release their property to them; but consume it not wastefully, nor in haste against their growing up. If the guardian is well-off, Let him claim no remuneration, but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is just and reasonable. When ye release their property to them, take witnesses in their presence: But all-sufficient is Allah in taking account.

'''Pickthal:''' Prove orphans till they reach the marriageable age; then, if ye find them of sound judgment, deliver over unto them their fortune; and devour it not by squandering and in haste lest they should grow up Whoso (of the guardians) is rich, let him abstain generously (from taking of the property of orphans); and whoso is poor let him take thereof in reason (for his guardianship). And when ye deliver up their fortune unto orphans, have (the transaction) witnessed in their presence. Allah sufficeth as a Reckoner.

'''Shakir:''' And test the orphans until they attain puberty; then if you find in them maturity of intellect, make over to them their property, and do not consume it extravagantly and hastily, lest they attain to full age; and whoever is rich, let him abstain altogether, and whoever is poor, let him eat reasonably; then when you make over to them their property, call witnesses in their presence; and Allah is enough as a Reckoner.}}

Both Yusuf Ali and Pickthal render the phrase of "marriageable age"/"age of marriage", whereas Shakir says "attain puberty", the actual word used is [[Nikah]] which literally translated means "fuck" <ref>[http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume8/00000102.pdf Lane's Lexicon: Volume 8, Page 102 - Nun-Kaf-Ha]</ref> . ''Zuwaj'' <ref>[http://www.studyquran.co.uk/28_ZAY.htm Lane's Lexicon - Zay-Waw-Jiim]</ref> is the correct word for marriage in Arabic, but the Qur'an uses both words in reference to marrying women; Nikah for human females and Zuwaj for the Houris. This means that Shakir's translation of "attain puberty" is not correct, as the actual word being translated is used regarding marriage and has nothing to do with puberty.

Furthermore, this verse is not even discussing marriage; it's talking about those who have guardianship over ''male'' orphans; that when they judge them to be mentally mature enough, they should give over their property to them. The verse simply says that you can start testing them for this maturity when they reach "marriageable age" - it does not specify that age. The Tafsir's agree with this understanding of 4:6:

{{quote|1=[http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=4&tid=10463 Giving Back the Property of the Orphans When They Reach Adulthood (Qur'an 4:6)] Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=
'''Giving Back the Property of the Orphans When They Reach Adulthood'''

Allah said,
{{right|
[وَابْتَلُواْ الْيَتَـمَى]
}}
(And test orphans) meaning, test their intelligence, as Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Al-Hasan, As-Suddi and Muqatil bin Hayyan stated.
{{right|
[حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغُواْ النِّكَاحَ]
}}
(until they reach the age of marriage), the age of puberty, according to Mujahid. The age of puberty according to the majority of scholars comes when the child has a wet dream. In his Sunan, Abu Dawud recorded that `Ali said, "I memorized these words from the Messenger of Allah ,
{{right|
«لَا يُتْمَ بَعْدَ احْتِلَامٍ، وَلَا صُمَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِلَى اللَّيْل»
}}
(There is no orphan after the age of puberty nor vowing to be silent throughout the day to the night.) In another Hadith, `A'ishah and other Companions said that the Prophet said,
{{right|
«رُفِعَ الْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ، عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ، وَعَنِ النَّائِمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ، وَعَنِ الْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يُفِيق»
}}
s(The pen does not record the deeds of three persons: the child until the age of puberty, the sleeping person until waking up, and the senile until sane.) Or, the age of fifteen is considered the age of adolescence. In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that Ibn `Umar said, "I was presented in front of the Prophet on the eve of the battle of Uhud, while I was fourteen years of age, and he did not allow me to take part in that battle. But I was presented in front of him on the eve of the battle of Al-Khandaq (The Trench) when I was fifteen years old, and he allowed me (to join that battle).'' `Umar bin `Abdul-`Aziz commented when this Hadith reached him, "This is the difference between a child and an adult.'' There is a difference of opinion over whether pubic hair is considered a sign of adulthood, and the correct opinion is that it is. The Sunnah supports this view, according to a Hadith collected by Imam Ahmad from `Atiyah Al-Qurazi who said, We were presented to the Prophet on the day of Qurizah, whoever had pubic hair was killed, whoever did not was left free to go, I was one of those who did not, so I was left free.'' The Four Sunan compilers also recorded similar to it. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' Allah's statement,
{{right|
[فَإِنْ ءَانَسْتُمْ مِّنْهُمْ رُشْداً فَادْفَعُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَلَهُمْ]
}}
(if then you find sound judgment in them, release their property to them,) Sa`id bin Jubayr said that this portion of the Ayah means, when you find them to be good in the religion and wise with their money. Similar was reported from Ibn `Abbas, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and others among the Imams. The scholars of Fiqh stated that when the child becomes good in the religion and wise concerning with money, then the money that his caretaker was keeping for him should be surrendered to him.}}

{{quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=4&tAyahNo=6&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Qur'an 4:6] Tafsir al-Jalalayn|2=
{{right|
{ وَٱبْتَلُواْ ٱلْيَتَامَىٰ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغُواْ النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِّنْهُمْ رُشْداً فَٱدْفَعُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلاَ تَأْكُلُوهَآ إِسْرَافاً وَبِدَاراً أَن يَكْبَرُواْ وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيّاً فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَن كَانَ فَقِيراً فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِذَا دَفَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَأَشْهِدُواْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ حَسِيباً }
}}
Try, test, well the orphans, before reaching maturity with regard [the duties of] religion and [before] they can [legally] manage their own affairs, until they reach the age of marrying, that is, until they have become eligible for it through puberty or [legal] age, which, according to al-Shāfi‘ī, is the completion of fifteen years; then, if you perceive in them maturity, that is, right [judgement] in matters of religion and their property, deliver their property to them; consume it not, O guardians, wastefully, without due merit, and in haste, that is, hastening to expend it, fearing, lest they should grow up, and become mature, at which time you will be obliged to hand it over to them. If any man, who is a guardian, is rich, let him be abstinent, that is, let him abstain from the orphan’s property and refrain from consuming it; if he is poor, let him consume, of it, honourably, that is, in line with the wage for his work. And when you deliver to them, the orphans, their property, take witnesses over them, that they have received it and that you are absolved [of the obligation], so that if any dispute occurs, you are able to refer to a clear proof: this is a command [intended] for guidance. God suffices as a reckoner, as a guardian of His creatures’ deeds and as a reckoner of these [deeds] (the bā’ [in bi’Llāhi] is extra).}}

{{quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=4&tAyahNo=6&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Qur'an 4:6] Tafsîr Ibn Abbas|2=
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{ وَٱبْتَلُواْ ٱلْيَتَامَىٰ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغُواْ النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِّنْهُمْ رُشْداً فَٱدْفَعُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلاَ تَأْكُلُوهَآ إِسْرَافاً وَبِدَاراً أَن يَكْبَرُواْ وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيّاً فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَن كَانَ فَقِيراً فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِذَا دَفَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَأَشْهِدُواْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ حَسِيباً }
}}
(Prove orphans) test the intelligence of orphans (till they reach the marriageable age) the age of puberty; (then, if ye find them of) if you see that they possess (sound judgement) righteousness in Religion and a tendency to protect their wealth, (deliver over unto them their fortune) then give their wealth which is with you; (and devour it not squandering) it in transgression and unlawfully (and in haste) in haste lest the orphan grows older and consumes it little by little (lest they should grow up) for fear that they grow older and stop you from devouring their wealth. (Whoso (of the guardians) is rich) and needs not the orphan's wealth, (let him abstain generously) because of his richness from taking of the property of orphans, nor should he diminish anything from their wealth; (and whoso is poor) and needy (let him take thereof in reason (for his guardianship)) in measure, such that he is not in need for the wealth of orphans; it is also said that this means: he should take from the wealth of orphans in proportion with the measure of his work regarding this wealth; and it is also said that this means: he can take from the wealth of orphans as a loan to be paid back. (And when ye deliver up their fortune unto orphans) when they reach the legal age, (have (the transaction) witnessed in their presence) when you deliver it to them. (Allah sufficeth as a Reckoner) Allah suffices as a witness. This verse was revealed about Thabit Ibn Rifa'ah al-Ansari.}}

{{quote|1=[http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=4&tAyahNo=6&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Qur'an 4:6] Al-Wahidi, Asbab Al-Nuzul|2=
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{ وَٱبْتَلُواْ ٱلْيَتَامَىٰ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغُواْ النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِّنْهُمْ رُشْداً فَٱدْفَعُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلاَ تَأْكُلُوهَآ إِسْرَافاً وَبِدَاراً أَن يَكْبَرُواْ وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيّاً فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَن كَانَ فَقِيراً فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِذَا دَفَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَأَشْهِدُواْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ حَسِيباً }
}}
(Prove orphans…) [4:6]. This was revealed about Thabit ibn Rifa‘ah and his uncle. Rifa‘ah died when his son Thabit was very young. The uncle of Thabit went to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: “The son of my brother is an orphan under my care, what is lawful for me from his wealth? And when should I give him back his wealth?” And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse.}}

=== The Arabic word “Nisa” does not refer to young females ===

Apologists claim that the Qur'an only uses the word ''Nisa'' to refer to mature, adult women, therefore 65:4 cannot be talking about pre-pubescent females. This is indeed a weak argument, which we can refute using the Qur'an itself. Here are some verses that use the word ''"nisa"'':

{{Quote|{{Qtt|2|49}}|'''Transliteration:''' ''Waith najjaynakum min ali firawna yasoomoonakum sooa alAAathabi yuthabbihoona abnaakum wayastahyoona '''Nisa'''akum wafee thalikum balaon min rabbikum AAatheemun'' 

'''Yusuf Ali:''' And remember, We delivered you from the people of Pharaoh: They set you hard tasks and punishments, slaughtered your sons and let your women-folk live; therein was a tremendous trial from your Lord.}}

{{Quote|{{Qtt|7|127}}|'''Transliteration:''' ''Waqala almalao min qawmi firawna atatharu moosa waqawmahu liyufsidoo fee alardi wayatharaka waalihataka qala sanuqattilu abnaahum wanastahyee '''Nisa'''ahum wainna fawqahum qahiroona'' 

'''Yusuf Ali:''' Said the chiefs of Pharaoh’s people: “Wilt thou leave Moses and his people, to spread mischief in the land, and to abandon thee and thy gods?” He said: “Their male children will we slay; (only) their females will we save alive; and we have over them (power) irresistible."}}

{{Quote|{{Qtt|7|141}}|'''Transliteration:''' ''Waith anjaynakum min ali firawna yasoomoonakum sooa alAAathabi yuqattiloona abnaakum wayastahyoona '''Nisa'''akum wafee thalikum balaon min rabbikum AAatheemun'' 

'''Yusuf Ali:''' And remember we rescued you from Pharaoh’s people, who afflicted you with the worst of penalties, who slew your male children and saved alive your females: in that was a momentous trial from your Lord.}}

{{Quote|{{Qtt|14|6}}|'''Transliteration:''' ''Waith qala moosa liqawmihi othkuroo niAAmata Allahi AAalaykum ith anjakum min ali firawna yasoomoonakum sooa alAAathabi wayuthabbihoona abnaakum wayastahyoona '''Nisa'''akum wafee thalikum balaon min rabbikum AAatheemun'' 

'''Yusuf Ali:''' Remember! Moses said to his people: “Call to mind the favour of Allah to you when He delivered you from the people of Pharaoh: they set you hard tasks and punishments, slaughtered your sons, and let your females live: therein was a tremendous trial from your Lord.}}

{{Quote|{{Qtt|40|25}}|'''Transliteration:''' ''Falamma jaahum bialhaqqi min AAindina qaloo oqtuloo abnaa allatheena amanoo maAAahu waistahyoo '''Nisa'''ahum wama kaydu alkafireena illa fee dalalin'' 

'''Yusuf Ali:''' Now, when he came to them in Truth, from Us, they said, "Slay the sons of those who believe with him, and keep alive their females," but the plots of Unbelievers (end) in nothing but errors (and delusions)!...}}

In the above verses, the word ''"Nisa"'' is referring to female infants. To understand this clearly, we must look to the Exodus account, because these verses were plagiarized from the Bible.

{{Quote|1=[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%201:15-16;&version=49; Exodus 1:15-16]|2=

''"And the king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, of whom the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah; and he said: ‘When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, ye shall look upon the birthstool: if it be a son, then ye shall kill him; but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.’''}}

{{Quote|1=[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%201:22;&version=49; Exodus 1:22]|2=
''And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying: ‘Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.''}}

Moreover the Quran itself clarifies “Who the ''Nisa'' are”.

{{Quote|{{qtt|4|127}}|{{right|
‏ويستفتونك في النساء قل الله يفتيكم فيهن ومايتلى عليكم في الكتاب في يتامى النساء اللاتي لاتؤتونهن ماكتب لهن وترغبون ان تنكحوهن والمستضعفين من الولدان وان تقوموا لليتامى بالقسط وماتفعلوا من خير فان الله كان به عليما }}

'''Transliteration:''' ''Wayastaftoonaka fee alnnisa-i quli Allahu yufteekum feehinna wama yutla AAalaykum fee alkitabi fee yatama alnnisa-i allatee la tu/toonahunna ma kutiba lahunna watarghaboona an tankihoohunna waalmustadAAafeena mina alwildani waan taqoomoo lilyatama bialqisti wama tafAAaloo min khayrin fa-inna Allaha kana bihi AAaleeman''

'''Literal:''' And they ask for your opinion/clarification in the women, say: "God decreed/clarifies in them (F), and what is read/recited on you in The Book in the women orphans/minors that lose their father, those who (F) you did not give them (F) what was written/dictated to them (F), and you desire that you marry them (F), and the weakened from the children/new borns, and that you take care of to the orphans/minors that lose their father with the just/equitable; and what you make/do from goodness, so that God was/is with it knowledgeable."<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/4/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-11-27}} 4. An-Nisa - Women (سورة النساء) - Revealed in Madinah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed November 27, 2011</ref>}}

In summary, when Muslims asked Muhammad who the "Nisa" were, he said they were the:

# Orphans
# Female wards
# Those you desire to marry
# The weakened from the children or new born.

=== This verse applies to married teenagers ===

{{quote || There is an alternative interpretation that does not involve pederasty, which is sexual activity between young girls and boys, i.e. early teenage years when menstruation may not have begun (or become regular) among girls, who are married to boys similar in age. This type of marriage was not uncommon in Semitic cultures, for example some scholars suggest that Mary (the mother of Jesus) was somewhere between the ages of twelve and fourteen when she married Joseph (although it should be noted that non-canonical gospels suggest Joseph was a mature man, possibly as old as ninety<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08504a.htm St. Joseph] - New Advent (For more on the marriage between Joseph and Mary, see [[Joseph the Pedophile]])</ref>).

Given that sexual activity among teenagers is common among many cultures, including Western ones, this appears to be the most reasonable interpretation. }}

Given the evidence from the Islamic texts themselves, this interpretation is not the 'most reasonable' as asserted. We have ample [[Muhammad and the Clinical Definition of Pedophilia|evidence]] that Muhammad (who is considered the [[Uswa Hasana|uswa hasana]] - perfect example) married and had sex with a pre-pubescent Aisha, we have evidence that [[Muhammad's Companions and Pedophilia|Muhammad's companions also did it]] and that [[Contemporary Pedophilic Islamic Marriages|Muslims to this very day]] are marrying pre-pubescent females and having intercourse with them. In none of these cases are the husbands comparable in age to the wife. So even though this is a ''possible'' interpretation, it is by no means the ''only reason'' that Muhammad revealed this verse - as evidenced also in the tafsir's provided above. Simply put, Muhammad did not specify an 'iddah for those whom menstruation was not present, so one had to be sent regarding these 3 groups of women. Nowhere in the Qur'an or the ahadith does it discuss teenagers marrying teenagers (ie. to 'explain' this verse) and all the evidence that we have points to [much] older men marrying and having sexual relations with pre-pubescent females.

=== 65.4 talks only of the 'Iddah and not of sexual activity ===

Often pointed out is the fact that 65.4 does not explictly discuss consummation or other sexual activity in regards to any of the females discussed in the verse; it merely sets the prescribed 'Iddah required for each. The 'iddah (prescribed waiting period) for females is required after a divorce or widowing, so that a child's father can be correctly idenfitied. This is established in Qur'an 33:49. The verse is quoted above.

Here are some tafsirs on this ayah:

{{Quote|1=[http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1841&Itemid=89#1 A Gift and no (Iddah) for Women Who are divorced before Consummation of the Marriage (Qur'an 33:49)] Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2= {{right|
(يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحاً جَمِيلاً)}}

49. O you who believe! When you marry believing women, and then divorce them before you have sexual intercourse with them, no `Iddah have you to count in respect of them. So, give them a present, and set them free in a handsome manner.)

This Ayah contains many rulings, including the use of the word Nikah for the marriage contract alone. There is no other Ayah in the Qur'an that is clearer than this on this point. It also indicates that it is permissible to divorce a woman before consummating the marriage with her.
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(الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ)
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(believing women)
This refers to what is usually the case, although there is no difference between a believing (Muslim) woman and a woman of the People of the Book in this regard, according to scholarly consensus. Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, `Ali bin Al-Husayn Zayn-ul-`Abidin and a group of the Salaf took this Ayah as evidence that divorce cannot occur unless it has been preceded by marriage, because Allah says,
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(إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ)
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(When you marry believing women, and then divorce them)

The marriage contract here is followed by divorce, which indicates that the divorce cannot be valid if it comes first. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "If someone were to say, `every woman I marry will ipso facto be divorced,' this does not mean anything, because Allah says:
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(يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ)
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(O you who believe! When you marry believing women, and then divorce them....).'' It was also reported that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "Allah said,
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(إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ)
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(When you marry believing women, and then divorce them.) Do you not see that divorce comes after marriage'' A Hadith to the same effect was recorded from `Amr bin Shu`ayb from his father from his grandfather, who said: "The Messenger of Allah said:
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«لَا طَلَاقَ لِابْنِ آدَمَ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِك»
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(There is no divorce for the son of Adam with regard to that which he does not possess.) This was recorded by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah. At-Tirmidhi said, "This is a Hasan Hadith, and it is the best thing that has been narrated on this matter.'' It was also recorded by Ibn Majah from `Ali and Al-Miswar bin Makhramah, may Allah be pleased with them, that the Messenger of Allah said:
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«لَا طَلَاقَ قَبْلَ نِكَاح»
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(There is no divorce before marriage.)
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(فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا)
}}
(no `Iddah have you to count in respect of them.) This is a command on which the scholars are agreed, that if a woman is divorced before the marriage is consummated, she does not have to observe the `Iddah (prescribed period for divorce) and she may go and get married immediately to whomever she wishes. The only exception in this regard is a woman whose husband died, in which case she has to observe an `Iddah of four months and ten days even if the marriage was not consummated. This is also according to the consensus of the scholars.
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(فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحاً جَمِيلاً)
}}
(So, give them a present, and set them free in a handsome manner.) The present here refers to something more general than half of the named dowery or a special gift that has not been named. Allah says:
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(وَإِن طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدْ فَرَضْتُمْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً فَنِصْفُ مَا فَرَضْتُمْ)
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(And if you divorce them before you have touched (had a sexual relation with) them, and you have fixed unto them their due (dowery) then pay half of that) (2:237). And Allah says:
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(لاَّ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِن طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَآءَ مَا لَمْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوْ تَفْرِضُواْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَعَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدْرُهُ مَتَـعاً بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ)
}}
(There is no sin on you, if you divorce women while yet you have not touched them, nor fixed unto them their due (dowery). But bestow on them gift, the rich according to his means, and the poor according to his means, a gift of reasonable amount is a duty on the doers of good.) (2:236) pIn Sahih Al-Bukhari, it was recorded that Sahl bin Sa`d and Abu Usayd, may Allah be pleased with them both, said, "The Messenger of Allah married Umaymah bint Sharahil, and when she entered upon him he reached out his hand towards her, and it was as if she did not like that, so he told Abu Usayd to give her two garments.'' `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said "If the dowery had been named, she would not be entitled to more than half, but if the dowery is not been named, he should give her a gift according to his means, and this is the "handsome manner.''}}

{{Quote|1=[http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=33&tAyahNo=49&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Qur'an 33:49] Tafsir al-Jalalayn|2= {{right|
(يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوۤاْ إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحاً جَمِيلاً)
}}
O you who believe if you marry believing women and then divorce them before you have touched them (read tamassūhunna or tumāsūhunna) that is, before you have copulated with them, there shall be no [waiting] period for you to reckon against them, [no] waiting period [needed to preclude pregnancy] or otherwise. But provide for them, give them what they can use for [securing] comforts, in cases where no dowry has been fixed for them; otherwise theirs is to retain half of what was fixed, but no more — this is what Ibn ‘Abbās said and it is [the opinion] followed by al-Shāfi‘ī’; and release them in a gracious manner, leave them be without [the intention to cause them any] harm.}}

{{Quote|1=[http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=33&tAyahNo=49&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0 Qur'an 33:49] Tafsir 'Ibn Abbas|2= {{right|
(يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوۤاْ إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحاً جَمِيلاً)
}}
(O ye who believe! If ye wed believing women) without naming the amount of their dowry (and divorce them before ye have touched them) before you had sexual intercourse with them, (then there is no period that ye should reckon) by counting the months or the periods of menstruation. (But content them) as is due by divorce by giving them at least a scarf or shawl (and release them handsomely) divorce them without any harm done to them.}}

This verse effectively removes the apologist's objection to Qur'an 65.4 as we see clearly that if a man has not consummated his marriage with his wife then she does not need to observe an 'iddah. If Qur'an 65.4 specifies that pre-pubescent females must observe a 3 month 'iddah then clearly sexual intercourse is halal to Allah.

=== This verse is only talking about adult women who don't know if they are pregnant ===

The very reason 65:4 was revealed in the first place, was as a clarification to an existing revelation by Allah. Allah had already revealed that women must wait 3 menstrual periods before they can end the 'iddat and be free to marry again. This is in Qur'an 2:228:

{{quote|{{Quran|2|228}}|'''And the divorced women should keep themselves in waiting for three courses; and it is not lawful for them that they should conceal what Allah has created in their wombs''', if they believe in Allah and the last day; and their husbands have a better right to take them back in the meanwhile if they wish for reconciliation; and they have rights similar to those against them in a just manner, and the men are a degree above them, and Allah is Mighty, Wise. }}

However, after this, Muslim men went to Muhammad to ask about those who did not presently have their menses - how do they measure the 'iddat in those cases? It is in this circumstance that Allah sent down the clarification (65:4) for the three groups of women that did not have menstruation, therefore they could not wait the '3 menstrual cycles' as mandated by Qur'an 2:228.

Those Muslims who make this claim are ignoring what all of their own scholars have said about 65:4; that it is referring to the peri-menopausal and post menopausal women, the pre-pubescent girls and the pregnant women. The women who are currently menstruating are told in Qur'an 2:228 that they must wait 3 menstrual cycles, therefore this apologetic is also debunked.

=== This verse is applied to unconsummated widows ===

Another claim is that Qur'an 65.4 doesn't necessarily mean that Muslim men can have sex with pre-pubescent females because there may be cases where a man has married a pre-pubescent female, but while waiting for her to attain menstruation before consummating the marriage, he died. The 'iddah could be referring to a situation such as this. This claim is invalid because the Qur'an specifies the 'iddah for ''all'' widows to be 4 months and 10 days; in Qur'an 2:234:

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|234}}|And (as for) those of you who die and leave wives behind, they should keep themselves in waiting for four months and ten days; then when they have fully attained their term, there is no blame on you for what they do for themselves in a lawful manner; and Allah is aware of what you do.}}

This verse clearly contradicts this particular apologist claim, since the 'Iddah specified in Qur'an 65.4 is for a different amount of time, therefore the verses are referring to different situations.

==Conclusion==

The Qur'an in verse 33:49 states that no 'Iddah is prescribed for a woman who has ''not'' had intimate contact with her husband, but goes on to stipulate the 'Iddah for pre-pubescent girls in verse 65:4, meaning the holiest text of Islam supports marrying and having sex with prepubescent girls. This is definitive proof that the Qur'an endorses pedophilia, something that is considered by many people to be the most serious of all sexual crimes.

{{Core Pedophilia}}

== See Also ==

*[[Contemporary Pedophilic Islamic Marriages]]
*[[Responses to Apologetics - Muhammad and Aisha|Responses to Apologetics: Muhammad and Aisha‎]]

{{Translation-links-english|[[Pedophilie_dans_le_Coran|French]]}}

== External Links ==

*[http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Versions/065.004.html Marriage to Minors: Surah At-Talaq (65:4)] - ''[[Answering Islam]]''

The following links show that girls as young as 8 months have been able to menstruate. This does not mean it is acceptable to have sex with them:

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina_Medina Lina Medina, The youngest mother in history]
*[http://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=2610353 Puberty Hitting Girls as Young as 4 Years Old]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Pedophilia]]
[[Category:Islamic Law]]

Allah, the Best Deceiver (Qur'an 3:54)

2016-01-31T14:42:12Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 46.185.189.71 (talk) to last revision by Axius

[[File:Quran 3-54.png|290px|right|thumb]]
The [[Qur'an]] openly states many times that [[Allah]] is the 'best deceiver'. The root word used in these verses is ''Makr'' which means ''deception''.
==Introduction==

The Qur'an openly states many times that Allah is the 'best deceiver'. The root word used in these verses is ''Makr'' which means ''deception''. The literal translations presented here, referenced from a Muslim [[websites|website]], make this very clear. However, the majority of Qur'anic translations [[Mistranslated Verses|erroneously translate]] this term; as can be seen in the following quotes and analysis.

Although there are many places in the Qur'an that use the same word (makir) in reference to Allah,<ref>[http://www.irreduciblefifth.force9.co.uk/burhan/b.x.311.htm Quran root browser - م ك ر - m-k-r]</ref> this article will focus only on the verses in which Allah describes himself as the 'best deceiver'.

===Definitions===

{{quote |1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.yourdictionary.com/deceive|2=2011-04-10}} Deceive definition] Webster's New World College Dictionary|2='''<big>de·ceive</big>''' (dē sēv′, di-)

'''''transitive verb'' deceived -·ceived′, deceiving -·ceiv′·ing'''
#to make (a person) believe what is not true; delude; mislead
#Archaic to be false to; betray
#Archaic to while away (time)

Etymology: ME ''deceiven'' < OFr ''deceveir'' < L ''decipere'', to ensnare, ''deceive'' < de-, from + ''capere'', to take.

'''''intransitive verb'''''
to use deceit; '''lie'''

'''Related Forms:'''
:• '''deceivable de·ceiv′·able ''adjective'''''
:• '''deceiver de·ceiv′er ''noun'''''
:• '''deceivingly de·ceiv′·ingly ''adverb'''''}}

== Qur'an ==

In the following Qur'an verses, Allah reveals to us that he is the "best deceiver".

=== Qur'an 3:54 ===

{{quote |{{Qtt|3|54}}|
'''Arabic:''' ومكروا ومكر الله والله خير الماكرين

'''Transliteration:''' Wamakaroo wamakara Allahu waAllahu khayru almakireena

'''Literal:''' And they cheated/deceived and God cheated/deceived, and God (is) the best (of) the cheaters/deceivers.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/3/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-08-25}} 3. Ali-Imran - The Family Of 'Imran (سورة آل عمران) - Revealed in Madinah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011</ref>}}

=== Qur'an 7:99 ===

{{quote |{{Qtt|7|99}}|
'''Arabic:''' افامنوا مكر الله فلايامن مكر الله الا القوم الخاسرون

'''Transliteration:''' Afaaminoo makra Allahi fala ya/manu makra Allahi illa alqawmu alkhasiroona
'''Literal:''' Did they secure God's scheme/deceit ? So no(one) trusts God's scheme/deceit except the nation the losers.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/7/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-08-25}} 7. Al-A'raf - The Heights (سورة الأعراف) - Revealed in Makkah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011</ref>}}

=== Qur'an 8:30 ===

{{quote |{{Qtt|8|30}}|
'''Arabic:''' واذ يمكر بك الذين كفروا ليثبتوك او يقتلوك او يخرجوك ويمكرون ويمكر الله والله خير الماكرين

'''Transliteration:''' Wa-ith yamkuru bika allatheena kafaroo liyuthbitooka aw yaqtulooka aw yukhrijooka wayamkuroona wayamkuru Allahu waAllahu khayru almakireena
'''Literal:''' And when those who disbelieved deceive/scheme at you to affix/affirm you, or kill you, or bring you out, and they scheme/deceive , and God deceives/schemes and God (is) best (of) the deceivers/schemers.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/8/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-08-25}} 8. Al-Anfal - Spoils Of War (سورة الأنفال) - Revealed in Madinah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011</ref>}}

=== Qur'an 10:21 ===

{{quote |{{Qtt|10|21}}|
'''Arabic:''' واذا اذقنا الناس رحمة من بعد ضراء مستهم اذا لهم مكر في اياتنا قل الله اسرع مكرا ان رسلنا يكتبون ماتمكرون

'''Transliteration:''' Wa-itha athaqna alnnasa rahmatan min baAAdi darraa massat-hum itha lahum makrun fee ayatina quli Allahu asraAAu makran inna rusulana yaktuboona ma tamkuroona
'''Literal:''' And if We made the people taste/experience mercy from after calamity/disastrous distress touched them, then for them (is) cheatery/deceit/schemes in Our verses/evidences . Say: "God (is) quicker/faster (in) cunning/scheming , that Our messengers write what you cheat/ deceive/scheme."<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/10/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-08-25}} 10. Yunus - Jonah (سورة يونس) - Revealed in Makkah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011</ref>}}

=== Qur'an 13:42 ===

{{quote |{{Qtt|13|42}}|
'''Arabic:''' وقد مكر الذين من قبلهم فلله المكر جميعا يعلم ماتكسب كل نفس وسيعلم الكفار لمن عقبى الدار

'''Transliteration:''' Waqad makara allatheena min qablihim falillahi almakru jameeAAan yaAAlamu ma taksibu kullu nafsin wasayaAAlamu alkuffaru liman AAuqba alddari
'''Literal:''' And those from before them had cheated/deceived/schemed, so to God (is) all the cheatery/deceit/scheme. He knows what every self gains/acquires , and the disbelievers will know to whom (is) the house's/home's end/turn (result).<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/13/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-08-25}} 13. Ar-Ra'd - The Thunder (سورة الرعد) - Revealed in Makkah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011</ref>}}

The word makir is always used disparagingly, and never in a positive context. It is often used to describe someone sly and dishonest. This is because of the way a makir deceives - they set out to cheat you by deception. It is highly inappropriate for Allah to use this word to describe himself; especially when two of his names are الحق (the truth) and الوكيل (the dependable).

==Literal Meaning of Makr==
This section quotes numerous academic sources to study the meaning of ''Makr''.

===Lane's Lexicon===

Edward William Lane's Arabic-English Lexicon is the most revered and scholarly English dictionary of the Arabic language. From Lane's Lexicon (the full entry can be viewed [[:File:Makr Lane-Lexicon-page Vol 7-pg. 256.jpg|here]]):

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.studyquran.co.uk/14_MIIM.htm|2=2013-07-21}} Lane's Lexicon: "Miim"]|2='''Miim-Kaf-Ra''' = To practice deceit or guile or circumvention, practice evasion or elusion, to plot, to excercise art or craft or cunning, act with policy, practice strategem.

''makara'' vb. (1){{br}}
perf. act. 3:54, 3:54, 7:123, 13:42, 14:46, 16:26, 16:45, 27:50, 40:45, 71:22{{br}}
impf. act. 6:123, 6:123, 6:124, 8:30, 8:30, 8:30, 10:21, 12:102, 16:127, 27:70, 35:10{{br}}
n.vb. 7:99, 7:99, 7:123, 10:21, 10:21, 12:31, 13:33, 13:42, 14:46, 14:46, 14:46, 27:50, 27:50, 27:51, 34:33, 35:10, 35:43, 35:43, 71:22{{br}}
pcple. act. 3:54, 8:30

[[:File:Makr Lane-Lexicon-page Vol 7-pg. 256.jpg|LL, V7, p: 256]]}}

===Hans Wehr===

The Hans Wehr dictionary is regarded as the standard scholarly dictionary of Arabic for English-speaking students and scholars of the language. It also confirms the meaning of the term:

{{Quote|[[:File:Hans Wehr dictionary - page 917.jpg|Hans Wehr dictionary, page 917]]|[[File:Hans Wehr dictionary - page 917.jpg|300px]]}}

===Arabic Lexicon===

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://lexicons.sakhr.com/openme.aspx?fileurl=/html/1088382.html|2=2013-07-21}} Arabic Lexicon on ''Al-Makr'']|2=[[File:Arabic-lexicon for Al-Makr.gif]]}}

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://lexicons.sakhr.com/openme.aspx?fileurl=/html/3076064.html|2=2013-07-21}} Arabic Lexicon on ''Makir'']|2=[[File:Arabic-lexicon for Makir.gif]]}}

===Miscellaneous Dictionaries===

Meanings from other dictionaries and sources have been compiled below:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Dictionary
! width = 100px | Word
! Meaning
|-
| [http://translate.google.com/ Google Translate]
| ماكر (Makir)
| ''sly, cunning, deceitful'' ([http://translate.google.com/ read more])
|-
| [http://translation.babylon.com/Arabic Babylon.com]
| مكر (Makr)
| ''n. calculating, cunning, astuteness, craftiness, foxiness, craft, slyness, archness, deceit, double-dealing, artifice, deception, wiliness, artfulness, furtiveness, ploy, trick, guile, ruse, roguery''
|-
| [http://www.Stars21.com TranStar]
| مكر (Makr)
| ''wiliness'' (means: "Full of wiles" [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/wiliness Merriam-Webster])
|-
| [http://qamoose.arabeyes.org/dict_main.cgi ArabEyes.com]
| المكر (Al-Makr)
| ''deception''
|-
| [http://www.ebnmasr.net/wtranslate/ Ibn Masr]
| المكر (Al-Makr)
| ''deception''
|-
| [http://www.systranet.com/?text=%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B1&lp=ar_en SYSTRAnet.com]
| مكر (Makr)
| ''deception''
|-
| [http://free.translated.net/ Translated.net]
| مكر (Makr)
| ''deception''
|-
| [http://freetranslation.paralink.com/ ImTranslator.com]
| المكر (Al-Makr)
| ''deviousness''
|-
| [http://freetranslation.paralink.com/ ImTranslator.com]
| مكر (Makr)
| ''wiliness''
|-
| [http://online.ectaco.co.uk/main.jsp?do=e-services-dictionaries-word_translate1&direction=1&status=translate&lang1=23&lang2=ar&refid=-1&source=deception Ectaco]
| مكر (Makr)
| ''deception''
|}

== Deceptive Translators ==

The following are the English translations of the selected verses. As mentioned above, makir is never used in a positive sense - it denotes a shifty, sly person who uses deception as a means to their ends.

We see that most of the translators have taken makir (with one of its possible translations 'scheme') to mean 'a systematic plan of action', and have translated makir to mean 'planner' or 'plotter'. However this completely disregards the accepted connotations of the word and the context of the given verses. Makir does not mean planner. Just because makir can be translated as scheme, and scheme can mean plan/plot, this does not mean that you can translate makir as planner/plotter. This is dishonesty on the part of those translators.

Since the same word is used for both the unbelievers and Allah, in most cases the translators have opted for the more benign (and incorrect) translation in order to avoid revealing what, according to the Qur'an, Allah has truly said about himself.

=== Qur'an 3:54 ===

{{quote ||
'''Yusuf Ali:''' And (the unbelievers) plotted and planned, and Allah too planned, and the best of planners is Allah. <ref name="iw3-54">{{quran-ia|3|54}}</ref>}}

{{quote ||
'''Pickthal:''' And they (the disbelievers) schemed, and Allah schemed (against them): and Allah is the best of schemers.<ref name="iw3-54"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Arberry:''' And they devised, and God devised, and God is the best of devisers. <ref name="iw3-54"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Shakir:''' And they planned and Allah (also) planned, and Allah is the best of planners. <ref name="iw3-54"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Sarwar:''' The unbelievers plotted and God planned, but God is a much better planner;<ref name="iw3-54"/> }}

{{quote ||
'''Khalifa:''' They plotted and schemed, but so did GOD, and GOD is the best schemer.<ref name="iw3-54"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Hilali/Khan:''' And they (disbelievers) plotted (to kill Iesa (Jesus) ), and Allah planned too. And Allah is the Best of the planners. <ref name="iw3-54"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''H/K/Saheeh:''' And the disbelievers planned, but Allah planned. And Allah is the best of planners. <ref name="iw3-54"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Malik:''' The unbelievers among the children of Israel plotted against Jesus and Allah also devised a plan to raise him up, and Allah is the best in planning. <ref name="iw3-54"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''QXP:''' The opponents made some plans, but so did Allah. And Allah is the Virtuous of planners. (They schemed to arrest and crucify Jesus but Allah assured him). <ref name="iw3-54"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Maulana Ali:''' And (the Jews) planned and Allah (also) planned. And Allah is the best of planners. <ref name="iw3-54"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Free Minds:''' And they schemed and God schemed, but God is the best schemer. <ref name="iw3-54"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Qaribullah:''' They devised, and Allah devised. And Allah is the Best Devisor. <ref name="iw3-54"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''George Sale:''' And the Jews devised a stratagem against him; but God devised a stratagem against them; and God is the best deviser of stratagems. <ref name="iw3-54"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''JM Rodwell:''' And the Jews plotted, and God plotted: But of those who plot is God the best. <ref name="iw3-54"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Asad:''' And the unbelievers schemed [against Jesus]; but God brought their scheming to nought: for God is above all schemers. <ref name="iw3-54"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Palmer:''' But they (the Jews) were crafty, and God was crafty, for God is the best of crafty ones! <ref>[http://www.quranbrowser.com/cgi/bin/get.cgi?version=pickthall+yusufali+khan+shakir+sherali+khalifa+arberry+palmer+rodwell+sale+transliterated&layout=auto&searchstring=003:054 Quran Browser - Quran 3:54]</ref>}}

=== Qur'an 7:99 ===

{{quote ||
'''Yusuf Ali:''' Did they then feel secure against the plan of Allah?- but no one can feel secure from the Plan of Allah, except those (doomed) to ruin! <ref name="iw7-99"> {{quran-ia|7|99}}</ref>}}

{{quote ||
'''Pickthal:''' Are they then secure from Allah's scheme? None deemeth himself secure from Allah's scheme save folk that perish. <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Arberry:''' Do they feel secure against God's devising? None feels secure against God's devising but the people of the lost. <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Shakir:''' What! do they then feel secure from Allah's plan? But none feels secure from Allah's plan except the people who shall perish. <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Sarwar:''' Did they consider themselves secure from the retribution of God? No one can have such attitude except those who are lost. <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Khalifa:''' Have they taken GOD's plans for granted? None takes GOD's plans for granted except the losers. <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Hilali/Khan:''' Did they then feel secure against the Plan of Allah. None feels secure from the Plan of Allah except the people who are the losers. <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''H/K/Saheeh:''' Then did they feel secure from the plan of Allah? But no one feels secure from the plan of Allah except the losing people. <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Malik:''' Do these people feel secure against the plan of Allah? In fact, only those people feel secure from the plan of Allah who are doomed to destruction. <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''QXP:''' Do they feel secure from the subtle progression of the Divine Laws? Do they think that the Divine Law grants them unconditional security? Only the losers feel secure from the subtle progression of Allah's Law of Requital. <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Maulana Ali:''' Are they secure from Allah’s plan? But none feels secure from Allah’s plan except the people who perish. <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Free Minds:''' Have they become sure about God's scheming? None are sure about God's scheming except the people who are losers. <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Qaribullah:''' (In reply to your devising) do they feel secure from the devising of Allah? None feels secure from the devising of Allah except the loosing nation. <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''George Sale:''' Were they therefore secure from the stratagem of God? But none will think himself secure from the stratagem of God, except the people who perish. <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''JM Rodwell:''' Did they, therefore, deem themselves secure from the deep counsel of God? But none deem themselves secure from the deep counsel of God, save those who perish. <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Asad:''' Can they, then, ever feel secure from God's deep devising? But none feels secure from God's deep devising save people who are [already] lost.' <ref name="iw7-99"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Palmer:''' were they secure from the craft of God? none feel secure from the craft of God except a people that shall lose. <ref>[http://www.quranbrowser.com/cgi/bin/get.cgi?version=pickthall+yusufali+khan+shakir+sherali+khalifa+arberry+palmer+rodwell+sale+transliterated&layout=auto&searchstring=007:099 Quran Browser - Quran 7:99]</ref>}}

=== Qur'an 8:30 ===

{{quote ||
'''Yusuf Ali:''' Remember how the Unbelievers plotted against thee, to keep thee in bonds, or slay thee, or get thee out (of thy home). They plot and plan, and Allah too plans; but the best of planners is Allah. <ref name="iw8-30">{{quran-ia|8|33}}</ref>}}

{{quote ||
'''Pickthal:''' And when those who disbelieve plot against thee (O Muhammad) to wound thee fatally, or to kill thee or to drive thee forth; they plot, but Allah (also) plotteth; and Allah is the best of plotters. <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Arberry:''' And when the unbelievers were devising against thee, to confine thee, or slay thee, or to expel thee, and were devising, and God was devising; and God is the best of devisers. <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Shakir:''' And when those who disbelieved devised plans against you that they might confine you or slay you or drive you away; and they devised plans and Allah too had arranged a plan; and Allah is the best of planners. <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Sarwar:''' The unbelievers planned to imprison, murder or expel you (Muhammad) from your city. They make evil plans but God too plans and God's plans are the best. <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Khalifa:''' The disbelievers plot and scheme to neutralize you, or kill you, or banish you. However, they plot and scheme, but so does GOD. GOD is the best schemer. <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Hilali/Khan:''' And (remember) when the disbelievers plotted against you (O Muhammad SAW) to imprison you, or to kill you, or to get you out (from your home, i.e. Makkah); they were plotting and Allah too was planning, and Allah is the Best of the planners. <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''H/K/Saheeh:''' And [remember, O Muúammad], when those who disbelieved plotted against you to restrain you or kill you or evict you [from Makkah]. But they plan, and Allah plans. And Allah is the best of planners. <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Malik:''' Remember, how the unbelievers plotted against you. They sought to take you captive or kill you or exile you. They planned - and Allah also planned - Allah is the best planner of all. <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''QXP:''' Remember (O Messenger), when the rejecters were making schemes to arrest you, slay you, or expel you. That was their plan, but Allah's Law of Requital is designed to work in a way unfailing. Allah is the Best of planners. <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Maulana Ali:''' And when those who disbelieved devised plans against thee that they might confine thee or slay thee or drive thee away -- and they devised plans and Allah, too, had arranged a plan; and Allah is the best of planners. <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Free Minds:''' And the rejecters plot against you to arrest you, or to kill you, or to expel you. And they plot, and God plots, and God is the best of plotters. <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Qaribullah:''' And when the unbelievers plotted against you (Prophet Muhammad). They sought to either take you captive or have you killed, or expelled. They plotted but Allah (in reply) also plotted. Allah is the Best in plotting. <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''George Sale:''' And call to mind when the unbelievers plotted against thee, that they might either detain thee in bonds, or put thee to death, or expel thee the city; and they plotted against thee: But God laid a plot against them; and God is the best layer of plots. <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''JM Rodwell:''' And call to mind when the unbelievers plotted against thee, to detain thee prisoner, or to kill thee, or to banish thee: They plotted-but God plotted: and of plotters is God the best! <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Asad:''' AND [remember, O Prophet,] how those who were bent on denying the truth were scheming against thee, in order to restrain thee [from preaching], or to slay thee, or to drive thee away: thus have they [always] schemed:'° but God brought their scheming to nought-for God is above all schemers. <ref name="iw8-30"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Palmer:''' And when those who misbelieve were crafty with thee to detain thee a prisoner, or kill thee, or drive thee forth; they were crafty, but God was crafty too, for God is best of crafty ones! <ref>[http://www.quranbrowser.com/cgi/bin/get.cgi?version=pickthall+yusufali+khan+shakir+sherali+khalifa+arberry+palmer+rodwell+sale+transliterated&layout=auto&searchstring=008:030 Quran Browser - Quran 8:30]</ref> }}

=== Qur'an 10:21 ===

{{quote ||
'''Yusuf Ali:''' When We make mankind taste of some mercy after adversity hath touched them, behold! they take to plotting against Our Signs! Say: "Swifter to plan is Allah!" Verily, Our messengers record all the plots that ye make! <ref name="iw10-21">{{quran-ia|10|21}}</ref>}}

{{quote ||
'''Pickthal:''' And when We cause mankind to taste of mercy after some adversity which had afflicted them, behold! they have some plot against Our revelations. Say: Allah is more swift in plotting. Lo! Our messengers write down that which ye plot. <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Arberry:''' When We let the people taste mercy after hardship has visited them, lo, they have a device concerning Our signs. Say: 'God is swifter at devising; surely Our messengers are writing down what you are devising. <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Shakir:''' And when We make people taste of mercy after an affliction touches them, lo ! they devise plans against Our communication. Say: Allah is quicker to plan; surely Our messengers write down what you plan. <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Sarwar:''' When people are granted mercy after having suffered hardship, they begin to plot against Our revelations. Say, "God is the most swift in His plans." Our angelic messengers record all that you plot. <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Khalifa:''' When we bestow mercy upon the people, after adversity had afflicted them, they immediately scheme against our revelations! Say, "GOD's scheming is far more effective. For our messengers are recording everything you scheme." <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Hilali/Khan:''' And when We let mankind taste of mercy after some adversity has afflicted them, behold! They take to plotting against Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.)! Say: "Allah is more Swift in planning!" Certainly, Our Messengers (angels) record all of that which you plot. <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''H/K/Saheeh:''' And when We give the people a taste of mercy after adversity has touched them, at once they conspire against Our verses. Say, "Allah is swifter in strategy." Indeed, Our messengers record that which you conspire. <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Malik:''' When We show mercy to mankind after some calamity had afflicted them, they begin to plot against Our revelations! Tell them: "Allah is more swift in plotting than you; indeed Our angels are recording all the plots you make." <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''QXP:''' When We cause people to taste of Mercy after they have suffered a hardship, they start scheming to defy Our Commands. Say, "Allah is more Swift in planning. Our couriers write down what you plot." <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Maulana Ali:''' And when We make people taste of mercy after an affliction touches, lo! they devise plans against Our messages. Say: Allah is quicker to plan. Surely Our messengers write down what you plan. <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Free Minds:''' And if We let the people taste a mercy after some harm had afflicted them, they take to scheming against Our revelations! Say: "God is faster in scheming;" Our messengers record what you scheme. <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Qaribullah:''' When We let people taste (Our) mercy after they had been afflicted by hardship, they devise against Our verses. Say: 'Allah is more swift in devising. ' Indeed, Our Messengers (the angels) are writing down whatever you devise. <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''George Sale:''' And when We caused the men of Mecca to taste mercy, after an affliction which had befallen them, behold, they devised a stratagem against our signs. Say unto them, God is more swift in executing a stratagem, than ye. Verily our messengers write down that which ye deceitfully devise. <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''JM Rodwell:''' And when after a trouble which you befallen them, we caused this people to taste of mercy, lo! a plot on their part against our signs! SAY: Swifter to plot is God! Verily, our messengers note down your plottings. <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Asad:''' And [thus it is:] whenever We let [such] people taste [some of Our] grace after hardship has visited them-lo! they forthwith turn to devising false arguments against Our messages." Say: "God is swifter [than you] in His deep devising!" Behold, Our [heavenly] messengers are recording all that you may devise! <ref name="iw10-21"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Palmer:''' When we have let men taste of mercy after distress which has touched them, lo! they use a stratagem against our signs! Say, 'God is quicker at stratagem.' Verily, our messengers write down what stratagem ye use. <ref>[http://www.quranbrowser.com/cgi/bin/get.cgi?version=pickthall+yusufali+khan+shakir+sherali+khalifa+arberry+palmer+rodwell+sale+transliterated&layout=auto&searchstring=010:021 Quran Browser - Quran 10:21]</ref> }}

=== Qur'an 13:42 ===

{{quote ||
'''Yusuf Ali:''' Those before them did (also) devise plots; but in all things the master-planning is Allah's He knoweth the doings of every soul: and soon will the Unbelievers know who gets home in the end. <ref name="iw13-42">{{quran-ia|13|42}}</ref>}}

{{quote ||
'''Pickthal:''' Those who were before them plotted; but all plotting is Allah's. He knoweth that which each soul earneth. The disbelievers will come to know for whom will be the sequel of the (heavenly) Home. <ref name="iw13-42"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Arberry:''' Those that were before them devised; but God's is the devising altogether. He knows what every soul earns. The unbelievers shall assuredly know whose will be the Ultimate Abode. <ref name="iw13-42"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Shakir:''' And those before them did indeed make plans, but all planning is Allah's; He knows what every soul earns, and the unbelievers shall come to know for whom is the (better) issue of the abode. <ref name="iw13-42"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Sarwar:''' Certain people who lived before plotted evil plans but God is the Master of all plans. He knows what every soul does. The unbelievers will soon learn who will achieve the blissful end. <ref name="iw13-42"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Khalifa:''' Others before them have schemed, but to GOD belongs the ultimate scheming. He knows what everyone is doing. The disbelievers will find out who the ultimate winners are. <ref name="iw13-42"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Hilali/Khan:''' And verily, those before them did devise plots, but all planning is Allahs. He knows what every person earns, and the disbelievers will know who gets the good end (final destination). <ref name="iw13-42"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''H/K/Saheeh:''' And those before them had plotted, but to Allah belongs the plan entirely. He knows what every soul earns, and the disbelievers will know for whom is the final home. <ref name="iw13-42"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''QXP:''' Now those who lived before these people, also devised schemes, but the most Subtle devising is that of Allah. He knows what every "Self" earns. The rejecters will soon find out as to whom belongs the Future. <ref name="iw13-42"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Maulana Ali:''' And those before them planned indeed, but all planning is Allah’s. He knows what every soul earns. And the disbelievers will come to know for whom is the (good) end of the Abode. <ref name="iw13-42"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Free Minds:''' And those before them have schemed, but to God is all scheming. He knows what every soul earns and the rejecters will come to know to whom is the better abode. <ref name="iw13-42"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Qaribullah:''' Those who have gone before them devised, but to Allah is the devising altogether. He knows what every soul earns. The unbelievers shall know without doubt for whom is the Ultimate Abode. <ref name="iw13-42"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''George Sale:''' Their predecessores formerly devised subtle plots against their prophets; but God is master of every subtle device. He knoweth that which every soul deserveth: And the infidels shall surely know, whose will be the reward of paradise. <ref name="iw13-42"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''JM Rodwell:''' Those who lived before them made plots: but all plotting is controlled by God: He knoweth the works of every one, and the infidels shall know whose will be the recompense of the abode. <ref name="iw13-42"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Asad:''' Now those who lived before these [sinners] did, too, devise many a blasphemy"-but the most subtle devising is that of God, who knows what each human being deserves :12 and the deniers of the truth will [in time] come to know to whom the future belongs." <ref name="iw13-42"/>}}

{{quote ||
'''Palmer:''' And those who were before them were crafty too; but God's is the craft altogether! He knows what every soul earns; and the misbelievers shall know whose is the recompense of the abode. <ref>[http://www.quranbrowser.com/cgi/bin/get.cgi?version=pickthall+yusufali+khan+shakir+sherali+khalifa+arberry+palmer+rodwell+sale+transliterated&layout=auto&searchstring=013:042 Quran Browser - Quran 13:42]</ref> }}

==== Analysis ====

The translations of Yusuf Ali, Sarwar Hilali/Khan and Malik have furthered their dishonesty in the translation of makir by translating the same word differently in two places (in the same verse). When referring to the unbelievers, they state that they 'plotted and planned' but that Allah only 'planned'. This implies that Allah's intentions and planning were completely benign, but that the unbelievers' intentions were not - as 'plotter' itself has negative connotations. This translation completely disregards the meaning and connotations of makir, but if they insisted in using the word 'plan', then they should have rendered both usages the same, or they should have used 'devious/deceitful planner' instead of just 'planner' in order to convey the intended meaning.

Arberry and Qaribullah use the word 'devised', Rodwell uses the word 'plotted', Sale uses 'devised a strategem' and Shakir, HK/Saheeh, QXP and Maulana Ali all use the word 'planned' in reference to both the unbelievers and Allah. As stated before, using any of these words (all synonyms for 'planner') is dishonest because the translators have completely disregarded the context and meaning of the word in question. Just because makir can mean scheme and scheme can mean plan/plot/devise, does not mean that you can translate makir as plan/plot/devise. This is a non-sequitor.

In this way, Pickthal, Khalifa, Free Minds and Shakir are the best translations here, because they have correctly translated makir - which can mean scheme. However they have left it a little open ended in that they have not conveyed the full meaning of the word. In English, although the word 'scheme' usually has a negative connotation, this is not always the case. Makir is always used in a negative context. Palmer's use of 'crafty' in this verse, although accurate, presents the same problem.

== Apologetics ==

===Jamal Badawi ===

Although Dr. Badawi admits that makir is a negative word with negative connotations, he seeks to justify its usage in the Qur'an when referring to Allah, by claiming that it has a different meaning than that which we mere mortals have assigned it when referring to each other. This is from a Live Q & A session held on the 16th of April, 2007, on the ''readingislam.com'' website. The question and answer are as follows:

{{quote |1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20070624054812/http://www.readingislam.com/livedialogue/Browse.asp?hGuestID=8P66WT|2=2011-04-10}} Ask About Islam Q&A Session] Dr. Jamal Badawi, Reading Islam, April 16, 2007|2='''Question:''' The quran refers sometimes to the MAKR of Allah. Hos ''[sic]'' is possible to desscribe ''[sic]'' God as MAKIR? Wa yamkuruna wa yamkuru Allah

'''Answer:''' The terms that we use in our human language do not necessarily have the identical meaning when referring to Allah. For example, terms such as “hear” and “see” have totally different meaning when we speak about Allah, as He does not have eyes or ears like ours (Qur’an 42/11).

Likewise, the Arabic term “makr” for humans refers to conspiracy; for Allah, however, in reverence to Him, to ''[sic]'' means “plan”. Therefore, it means then that they conspire, but Allah has his own plans to thwart their evil schemes.}}
Dr. Badawi's evidence for his claim is from Quran 42:11:
{{Quote|{{Quran|42|11}}| The Originator of the heavens and the earth; He made mates for you from among yourselves, and mates of the cattle too, multiplying you thereby; nothing like a likeness of Him; and He is the Hearing, the Seeing. }}

When reading this verse, it is immediately apparent that this verse is talking about physical characteristics; the Qur'an is saying that although we have been created in pairs (male and female), Allah is not like this as he has no partner. Reviewing the relevant portion of Kathir's Tafsir confirms this:

{{quote |1=[http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2109&Itemid=98 Allah is the Protector, Ruler and Creator (42:11)] Tafsir 'ibn Kathir|2= [فَاطِرَ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ]

(The Creator of the heavens and the earth.) means, the Maker of them both and everything in between.

[جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا]

(He has made for you mates from yourselves,) means, of your own kind. As a blessing and a favor from Him, He has made your kind male and female.

[وَمِنَ الاٌّنْعَـمِ أَزْوجاً]

(and for the cattle (also) mates.) means, and He has created for you eight pairs of cattle.

[يَذْرَؤُكُمْ فِيهِ]

(By this means He creates you.) means, in this manner He creates you, male and female, generation after generation of men and cattle.

[لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَىْءٌ]

(There is nothing like Him,) means, there is nothing like the Creator of these pairs, for He is the Unique, the Self-Sufficient Master, '''Who has no peer or equal.'''}}

Therefore Qur'an 42:11 is saying that Allah has no likeness to that which he has created on this Earth because Allah created everything in pairs. Since Allah has no equal, he has no partner. This is why among his creation he 'has no likeness'. Stating that "see" and "hear" have different meanings when referring to Allah, is, again referring to physical characteristics (the 5 senses in this case) and bears no relevance to the meaning of words.

It is therefore in error for Dr. Badawi to submit this verse as evidence that words have different meanings when referring to Allah, because it is clearly talking about physical creation and not the meanings of words as they should be defined when Allah uses them to describe himself.

Even though we see that Dr. Badawi has no legitimate basis for his claim, his claim can be proven wrong based on the following lines of enquiry:

1. How many words have different meanings when referring to Allah? We've already seen that Dr. Bardawi has taken a word with a negative meaning and turned it into a positive, claiming 'reverence'. Does this mean that all negatively slanted words that Allah uses about himself must be turned into a positive, even if that means completely redefining the word in question? Isn't this a case of ''Special pleading''?<ref name="special">Special pleading is a form of spurious argumentation where a position in a dispute introduces favorable details or excludes unfavorable details by alleging a need to apply additional considerations without proper criticism of these considerations themselves. Essentially, this involves someone attempting to cite something as an exemption to a generally accepted rule, principle, etc. without justifying the exemption. For more information about this logical fallacy, see the associated articles on [http://www.fallacyfiles.org/specplea.html The Fallacy Files], [http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/special-pleading.html The Nizkor Project] and the [https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Special_pleading.html Princeton University] websites.</ref>

2. Who decides what words have a different meaning when referring to Allah? This is just a way to hide and excuse the negative attributes of Allah by way of misdirecting those who are not as knowledgeable about Islam, the Qur'an and the Arabic language.

3. The Qur'an tells us: {{Quote|{{Quran|16|103}}| And certainly We know that they say: Only a mortal teaches him. The tongue of him whom they reproach is barbarous, '''and this is clear Arabic tongue.''' }}

Since the Qur'an says it is in clear Arabic, then this implies that the meaning of its words are as we understand them, and should not be applied in a different way to Allah. If ''makir'' has a different meaning when Allah uses it to refer to himself, then Qur'an 16:103 is obviously wrong. Is the Qur'an wrong here?

4. Dr. Bardawi claimed that makir has a different meaning when referring to Allah - that the common Arabic meaning is not correct. However the Qur'an states: {{Quote|{{Quran|3|7}}| He it is Who has revealed the Book to you; some of its verses are decisive, they are the basis of the Book, and others are allegorical; then as for those in whose hearts there is perversity they follow the part of it which is allegorical, seeking to mislead and seeking to give it (their own) interpretation. but none knows its interpretation except Allah, and those who are firmly rooted in knowledge say: We believe in it, it is all from our Lord; and none do mind except those having understanding. }}

The Qur'an says that some people seek to mislead by giving their own interpretation to portions. Is not Dr. Bardawi doing the same? If the "true" [when referring to Allah] meaning is unknown to most, what evidence does Dr. Bardawi provide in support of his unorthodox "truth"?

===Islam Q&A===

Islam Q&A says that "plotting/deceiving" may be used to describe Allah, but only in a positive way:

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islamqa.com/en/ref/39803/|2=2011-04-10}} Can Allaah be described as plotting etc?] Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 39803|2='''Question:''' Can Allaah be described as plotting, deceiving and betraying as in the verses (interpretation of the meaning):
“they were plotting and Allaah too was plotting”
[al-Anfaal 8:30]
“Verily, the hypocrites seek to deceive Allaah, but it is He Who deceives them”
[al-Nisa’ 4:142]?. 

'''Answer:''' Praise be to Allaah.

The attributes of Allaah are all attributes of perfection, pointing to the best and most perfect of meanings. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“and for Allaah is the highest description. And He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise”

[al-Nahl 16:60]

“His is the highest description (i.e. none has the right to be worshipped but He, and there is nothing comparable unto Him) in the heavens and in the earth. And He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise”

[al-Room 30:27]

Al-Sa’di said in his Tafseer (commentary) – p. 718, 1065:

The highest description means the most perfect attributes.

Attributes are of three types:

1 – '''Attributes of perfection – in which there is no shortcoming whatsoever. These attributes apply to Allaah in absolute terms and are not limited or restricted in any way.''' Examples of that include His knowledge, power, hearing, seeing, mercy, etc.

2 – '''Attributes which imply imperfection and shortcomings. These can never be ascribed to Allaah, such''' as sleeping, being unable, '''doing wrong or oppressing, betraying''', etc.

3 – Attributes which may be perfect or imperfect, depending on the context. These cannot be ascribed to Allaah in absolute terms, and they cannot be denied in the case of Allaah in absolute terms. '''If the context implies perfection then they can be ascribed to Allaah; if it implies imperfection then they cannot be ascribed to Allaah. Examples include: plotting, deceiving and mocking.'''

'''Plotting against, betraying and mocking the enemy are attributes of perfection, because that is indicative of complete knowledge, power and might, and so on.'''

'''But plotting against the sincere believers is an attribute of imperfection.'''

Hence these characteristics are not ascribed to Allaah in absolute terms, rather they are mentioned in such a context as to indicate that these are attributes of perfection.

Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

'''“Verily, the hypocrites seek to deceive Allaah, but it is He Who deceives them”
[al-Nisa’ 4:142]'''

This is deceiving the hypocrites.

And He says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And (remember) when the disbelievers plotted against you (O Muhammad) to imprison you, or to kill you, or to get you out (from your home, i.e. Makkah); they were plotting and Allaah too was plotting; and Allaah is the Best of those who plot”

[al-Anfaal 8:30]

This is a plot against the enemies of Allaah who were plotting against the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).

Allaah says of the hypocrites (interpretation of the meaning):

“And when they meet those who believe, they say: ‘We believe,’ but when they are alone with their Shayaateen (devils — polytheists, hypocrites), they say: ‘Truly, we are with you; verily, we were but mocking.’

Allaah mocks at them and gives them increase in their wrong-doing to wander blindly”

[al-Baqarah 2:14-15]

This is mocking the hypocrites.

'''These attributes are to be regarded as indicating perfection in this context. Hence we say that Allaah mocks the hypocrites and deceives them, and that He plots against His enemies, and so on. But it is not permissible to describe Allaah as mocking or deceiving in absolute terms, because that does not indicate perfection.'''

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked: Can Allaah be described as plotting and named as such?

He replied:

Allaah cannot be described as plotting except in a limited sense; He cannot be described as such in absolute terms. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Did they then feel secure against the Plan of Allaah? None feels secure from the Plan of Allaah except the people who are the losers”

[al-A’raaf 7:99]

This verse indicate that Allaah has a plan or plot, which was to confound them without them realizing it. This is akin to the hadeeth narrated by al-Bukhaari: “War is deceit.”

'''If it is asked: How can Allaah be described as plotting when this seems to be something blameworthy?'''

'''The answer is that plotting in the right circumstances may be something praiseworthy that points to the strength of the plotter, and that he is superior to his enemy. Hence Allaah cannot be described as plotting in absolute terms, and we cannot say “Allaah is a Plotter.” Rather this attribute is mentioned in a context where it is positive, such as the verses (interpretation of the meaning):'''

'''“they were plotting and Allaah too was plotting”'''

'''[al-Anfaal 8:30]'''

'''“So they plotted a plot, and We planned a plan, while they perceived not”'''

'''[al-Naml 27:50]'''

And we cannot say in absolute terms that this cannot be ascribed to Allaah, rather in contexts where it is something positive it may be ascribed to Him, and in contexts where it is not something positive, it should not be ascribed to Him. So Allaah should not be called by a name which refers to this, so we cannot say that one of the names of Allaah is “the Plotter”. Plotting is one of His actions, because it has to do with the Will of Allaah.

Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 1/170.

He was also asked: Can Allaah be described as betraying, or as deceiving, as in the verse (interpretation of the meaning):

“Verily, the hypocrites seek to deceive Allaah, but it is He Who deceives them”
[al-Nisa’ 4:142]?

He replied:

'''With regard to betrayal, this is something that can never be ascribed to Allaah, because it is something shameful in all circumstances, and it is plotting at a time of trust, which is blameworthy.''' Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“But if they intend to betray you (O Muhammad), they indeed betrayed Allaah before. So He gave (you) power over them. And Allaah is All-Knower, All-Wise”

[al-Anfaal 8:71]

And He did not say: So He betrayed them.

With regard to deceiving, it is like plotting. It may be ascribed to Allaah when it is something positive, but it cannot be ascribed to Him in absolute terms. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Verily, the hypocrites seek to deceive Allaah, but it is He Who deceives them”
[al-Nisa’ 4:142]

Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 1/171

And Allaah knows best.}}

As with Jamal Badawi's apologetics, this is again a case of ''Special pleading'' <ref name="special"/>. This is adding meaning to the text which is not there, but comes only from a certain set of beliefs that Islam Q&A hold: namely:

# that Allah is God
# that Allah is perfect
# that 'perfection' is synonymous with 'good'
# that 'perfection' is synonymous with 'truthful'
# that Allah never lies or deceives

However when we look at the verses in question, the same word is applied to the unbelievers and also Allah. So you must also accept that since Allah is perfect, the meaning of the word changes depending on who it's referring to. There is absolutely no evidence that this is the case. Nowhere does the Qur'an implicitly state or even imply that words mean different things when referring to Allah, nor are there any ahadith to this effect. This is a clear cut case of special pleading, invented by Muslims to excuse the fact that the exact words of their god state that he is the best deceiver.

If one who claims to be perfect, displays an imperfect trait (deception, plotting etc..) then we know two things:

# They are a liar
# They are imperfect

Allah has told us in the Qur'an that he is the best deceiver - we have his own admission that he is imperfect and a liar.

=== Harun Yahya ===

Harun Yahya includes ''Al-Makir'' in his listing of Allah's 99 names:

{{ quote |[http://www.harunyahya.com/books/faith/names/names04.php#16 Names of Allah/ No. 16 (Al-Makir)] Harun Yayha| '''AL-MAKIR'''
'''The Planner'''

:'''When those unbelievers were plotting against you to imprison you or to kill or expel you: they were plotting and Allah was plotting, but Allah is the Best of Planners . (Surat al-Anfal, 8:30)'''

Those who plotted against the just religion throughout history strove to distance people from it for their own selfish desires (e.g., greed for power, personal interests, and so on). In the Hereafter, they will be told: “'''No, it was your scheming night and day when you commanded us to reject Allah and assign equals to Him'''.” (Surah Saba', 34:33) Yet there is a very important point that we need to remember here:

:'''Those before them plotted, but all planning belongs to Allah. He knows what each self earns, and the unbelievers soon will know who has the Ultimate Abode. (Surat ar-Ra‘d, 13:42)'''

As is related in the verse above, “all planning belongs to Allah.” Thus, against all of the unbelievers' plots, Allah devises the best plan. Allah calls attention to the deadlock facing unbelievers:

:'''They concocted their plots, but their plots were with Allah, even if they were such as to make the mountains vanish. (Surah Ibrahim, 14:46)'''

As this verse relates, Allah protects all believers from these plots. This is very easy for Allah, Who turns all plots against His Messengers and believers into failures and makes unbelievers suffer the ensuing dire consequences, for “… '''Allah is swifter at planning'''...” (Surah Yunus, 10:21)

No doubt, Allah creates every incident with a purpose and for the ultimate good. He uses the unbelievers' plots against believers to test them. He then extends His help to those servants who can discern the good and beauties in the events He creates, and turns all of these to their benefit.}}

Like Dr. Badawi's apologetics regarding Makir, Harun Yahya attempts to spin the meaning of the word when referring to Allah. Rather disturbingly, the first verse quoted above (Qur'an 8:30) has actually been quoted incorrectly by Yahya on this portion of his website. The translation given, referring to people as plotters, but Allah as a planner, does not actualy exist. This is not an error or oversight by Yahya, because we find elsewhere on his website<ref>[http://www.harunyahya.com/books/faith/school/school2.php The School of Yusuf - Harun Yahya]</ref><ref>[http://www.harunyahya.com/ysf03.php The Prophet Yusuf - Harun Yahya]</ref> that the verse has been quoted correctly; referring to both as 'plotters'. Again in his quote of Qur'an 13:42, Yahya has misquoted the verse - labelling the unbelievers as "plotters" but Allah as a "planner".

These misquotes have been deliberately presented on this page because Harun Yahya is attributing the name ''Al Makir'' directly to Allah, but claiming it simply means "The planner". In order to spin makir into having a positive connotation, translating the same word differently in Qur'an 8:30 and 13:42 was necessary in order to portray Allah as being righteous, and the non believers (referred to in the verses) as devious. If they had been presented correctly - in that 'plotter' is attributed to Allah as well as the unbelievers, then it implies that Allah is also plotting the same type of activities that the unbelievers were [allegedly] plotting. This would serve to cast Allah in a bad light, as well as Muslims - since they are the ones who carry out his wishes (as relayed through Muhammad).

=== Allah Only Deceives Enemies ===

While claims from Muslims such as 'you're taking it out of context' are usually not legitimate, on the face of this apologetic claim it appears to have merit. Given the context of the verses provided in the above article, it is clear that they discuss Allah deceiving his (perceived) enemies only. However, what the verses also contain is a definitive statement from Allah - ''Allah is the best deceiver''. It does not state "Allah is better at deceiving than his enemies" Therefore, in these verses, we have the (supposedly) omniscient (all-knowing) being Allah, telling us outright that he is the best deceiver. Being all-knowing, he would be aware of anyone higher at deception than he is.

If someone who is all-knowing tells you he is the best deceiver, and you accept this (as Muslims) how can you say that you trust him not to deceive you as well? After all, since he is the self-admitted 'best' at deception, if he chose to deceive you, it would be highly unlikely that you would be able to detect such a deception if you are using solely his words as a guide to your life. Who's to say he is being truthful about anything else in the Qur'an? Even if he says he is being truthful to you, you already know that you cannot trust him because he has already admitted to being the 'best deceiver' - it could be another deception.

Furthermore, there are verses in the Qur'an that show us that Allah did not only confine his deception to his enemies, as in the above quoted verses.

==== Allah Deceives Muslims ====

{{quote | {{cite quran|8|43|end=44|style=ref}} | When Allah showed them to you in your dream as few; and if He had shown them to you as many you would certainly have become weak-hearted and you would have disputed about the matter, but Allah saved (you); surely He is the Knower of what is in the breasts.

And when He showed them to you, when you met, as few in your eyes and He made you to appear little in their eyes, in order that Allah might bring about a matter which was to be done, and to Allah are all affairs returned.}}
In the above verses, we can see that Allah admits to deceiving Muhammad himself, in a dream, by portraying the opposing forces as less than there actually were, in order to trick him into false confidence because he did not want the Muslims to become intimidated (and then back off from fighting). Here is Kathir's tafsir regarding this:

{{quote |1=[http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=8&tid=20236 Some Details of the Battle of Badr (8:43)] Tafsir 'ibn Kathir|2= '''[إِذْ يُرِيكَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِى مَنَامِكَ قَلِيلاً وَلَوْ أَرَاكَهُمْ كَثِيراً لَّفَشِلْتُمْ وَلَتَنَـزَعْتُمْ فِى الاٌّمْرِ وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ سَلَّمَ إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ - وَإِذْ يُرِيكُمُوهُمْ إِذِ الْتَقَيْتُمْ فِى أَعْيُنِكُمْ قَلِيلاً وَيُقَلِّلُكُمْ فِى أَعْيُنِهِمْ لِيَقْضِىَ اللَّهُ أَمْراً كَانَ مَفْعُولاً وَإِلَى اللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ الأُمُورُ ]

(43. (And remember) when Allah showed them to you as few in your dream; if He had shown them to you as many, you would surely have been discouraged''', and you would surely have disputed in making a decision. But Allah saved (you). Certainly, He is the All-Knower of that is in the breasts.) (44. And (remember) when you met, '''He showed them to you as few in your eyes and He made you appear as few in their eyes, so that Allah might accomplish a matter already ordained''', and to Allah return all matters (for decision).)

Mujahid said, "In a dream, Allah showed the Prophet the enemy as few. The Prophet conveyed this news to his Companions and their resolve strengthened.'' Similar was said by Ibn Ishaq and several others. Allah said,

[وَلَوْ أَرَاكَهُمْ كَثِيراً لَّفَشِلْتُمْ]

(If He had shown them to you as many, you would surely, have been discouraged,) you would have cowardly abstained from meeting them and fell in dispute among yourselves,

[وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ سَلَّمَ]

(But Allah saved), from all this, when He made you see them as few,

[إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ]

(Certainly, He is the All-Knower of that is in the breasts.) [8:43].

Allah knows what the heart and the inner-self conceal,

[يَعْلَمُ خَآئِنَةَ الاٌّعْيُنِ وَمَا تُخْفِى الصُّدُورُ ]

(Allah knows the fraud of the eyes, and all that the breasts conceal) [40:19].

Allah's statement,

[وَإِذْ يُرِيكُمُوهُمْ إِذِ الْتَقَيْتُمْ فِى أَعْيُنِكُمْ قَلِيلاً]

(And (remember) when you met, '''He showed them to you as few in your eyes) demonstrates Allah's compassion towards the believers. Allah made them see few disbelievers in their eyes, so that they would be encouraged and feel eager to meet them'''. Abu Ishaq As-Subai`i said, that Abu `Ubaydah said that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "They were made to seem few in our eyes during Badr, so that I said to a man who was next to me, `Do you think they are seventy' He said, `Rather, they are a hundred.' However, when we captured one of them, we asked him and he said, `We were a thousand.''' Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir recorded it. Allah said next,

[وَيُقَلِّلُكُمْ فِى أَعْيُنِهِمْ]

(and He made you appear as few in their eyes,) Allah said,

[وَإِذْ يُرِيكُمُوهُمْ إِذِ الْتَقَيْتُمْ]

(And (remember) when you met. He showed them to you...), He encouraged each of the two groups against the other, according to `Ikrimah, as recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim. }}
Kathir claims it was 'compassion' on the part of Allah to show a 'few' to Muhammad when there were many more than that, but this does not negate the fact that Allah deceived the Muslims in this matter - it was deception plain and simple. If we say to you that you get 3 years in jail in return for your sworn testimony, but we know (and conceal) the fact that you will actually get 6 years, this is not compassion, it is deception. In the same way we can say that Allah has deliberately deceived the Muslims in these verses in order to get them to do what he wants (ie. [[The Meaning of Qatal|fight]]). This example alone negates the apologetic claim that "Allah only deceives his enemies" as we can see that Allah deceived Muhammad - uswa hasana - so it is not unlikely that Allah will (and has) deceived other Muslims before and after this event.

==== Allah Created Christianity Through Deception====

According to Islam, [[Jesus]] is not [[God]], and he was ''not'' crucified, yet an entire religion sprung from Jesus' death on the cross and subsequent resurrection. This is the central focus of Christianity. Allah however, makes it clear in the Qur'an that Jesus was not crucified (died) and he is not God's son, meaning that Christian's are in error to follow these beliefs. But why do Christians think he was crucified? Because Allah admits that he made it appear so:
{{quote | {{cite quran|4|157|end=158|style=ref}}| And their saying: Surely we have killed the Messiah, Isa son of Marium, the messenger of Allah; and they did not kill him nor did they crucify him, '''but it appeared to them so (like Isa)''' and most surely those who differ therein are only in a doubt about it; they have no knowledge respecting it, but only follow a conjecture, and they killed him not for sure.

Nay! Allah took him up to Himself; and Allah is Mighty, Wise. }}
So we see that Allah admits to making it appear (to the people) that Jesus was crucified on the cross (and died), and that Allah then raised Jesus to himself (ascended him to heaven). Therefore Allah admits to deceiving the people. For the next 600 years, Allah sat back and watched all these people converting to, and following Christianity; a religion that was started by his deception, but he did not bother to lift a finger to correct anything until 600 years later, when he sent Muhammad with the Quran - to sort out the mess that he himself (Allah) had created.

Let's look at it from another point of view; Allah sent Jesus to 'fix' the errors that had crept into Judaism, but then undoes any corrections that were made from the intervention (and Jesus' message) by making it appear (in the end) that Jesus was crucified and then raised from the dead. This negates the entire purpose of sending Jesus. This leaves the people with not only one alternative to Allah's 'true' religion, but two; Judaism or Christianity which entails (among other things) following the message of Jesus, which Allah himself had corrupted by making it appear that he had risen from the dead. So for 600 years, Allah's pure religion was not to be found on this Earth and now (thanks to Allah's deception) had two competing faiths to deceive the people and tempt them away from the 'straight path'. This makes no sense.

==== Conclusion ====

In conclusion we can see that this objection (of context) is irrelevant because the statement in the verses is definitive (not dependent on context) and from the Qur'an itself we see that Allah has no problem deceiving:
* "Enemies of Islam"
* Muslims
* Innocent people - who lived in the 600 years that it took Allah to send the Qur'an

==Responses to Apologetics==

#'''''"According to the Quranic Arabic Corpus website, 'Makr' means 'Planner'"''''' The Quranic Arabic Corpus website also claimed at one time that ''Idriboohunna'' in Qur'an 4:34 meant "[[Beat_your_Wives_or_Separate_from_Them_-_Quran_4-34|separate from them]]" (i.e. the husbands from their wives) rather than to "beat them" for the fear of disobedience. However, ''Idriboohunna'' (أضربوهن) means "beat them" (for female plural). ''Adriboo Anhunna'' (اضربوا عنهن) is the phrase that means abandon or leave them. They are completely different phrases with completely different meanings, and the attempts to mix up the two is only a modern development used by a few western Muslim apologists. To their credit, the website has acknowledged this error by now having corrected this blatant mistranslation, but they have also shown themselves to be an unreliable source concerning the Arabic language. In any case, Edward William Lane's ''Arabic-English Lexicon'' (the most revered and scholarly dictionary of the Arabic language), ''Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'', and the ''Arabic Lexicon'' all disagree with the Quranic Arabic Corpus website's rendering of the word. And every single one of these sources are more reliable than that website. In addition to these reliable sources, there are Dr. Jamal Badawi and Shaykh Muhammad Saalih al-Munajjid who are both native Arabic speakers and respected individuals (in relation to issues concerning Islam). Although they may make excuses for the use of that particular word, they do both actually admit that makr means deceiver.

{{Core POTB}}

== See Also ==
{{Hub4|Lying|Lying}}
{{Hub4|Allah|Allah}}
{{Hub4|Mistranslated Verses|Mistranslated Verses}}

{{Translation-links-english|[[Allah le meilleur trompeur|French]]}}

== External Links ==

* [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.answering-islam.org/Shamoun/allah_best_deceiver.htm|2=2011-11-24}} Allah the greatest deceiver of them all]
* [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.answering-islam.org/authors/cornelius/makr.html|2=2011-11-24}} Allah: Truthful or Deceiver?]
* [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.answering-islam.org/Authors/Wood/deceptive_god.htm|2=2011-11-24}} Deceptive God, Incompetent Messiah]

'''Resources'''

* [http://www.ghazali.org/books/wehr-cowan-76.pdf Hans-Wehr Dictionary - mkr (page 917)] ''(40MB PDF file)''
* [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume7/00000256.pdf|2=2011-11-24}} Lane's Lexicon - mkr - Volume 7, Page 256]
* [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.studyquran.co.uk/14_MIIM.htm|2=2011-11-24}} Lane's Lexicon online summary - Mim-Kaf-Ra]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Sani]]

Parallels Between the Qur'an and Late Antique Judeo-Christian Literature

2016-01-31T14:42:11Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 46.185.189.71 (talk) to last revision by Sahab

''By Julian Charteris''

The similarities between the Qur'an and previous scriptures has been noted since the advent of Islam. However, the Judeo-Christian tales and their Qur'anic counterparts do not always match. This in-depth study takes a closer look at some of these parallelisms.

==Parallelisms==

*[[Parallelism: Introduction|Introduction]]
*[[Parallelism: Talking Baby Jesus|Talking Baby Jesus]]
*[[Parallelism: Sanhedrin 37a|Sanhedrin 37a]]
*[[Parallelism: The Raven and the Burial of Abel|The Raven & the Burial of Abel]]
*[[Parallelism: Quranic Version of Trinity‎|The Quranic Version of Trinity‎]]
*[[Parallelism: Jesus Christ and Clay Birds|Jesus Christ & the Clay Birds]]
*[[Parallelism: Mary and Zachariah|Mary & Zachariah]]
*[[Parallelism: Mary, Jesus and the Palm Tree|Mary, Jesus & the Palm Tree]]
*[[Parallelism: Satan and His Refusal to Prostrate|Satan & His Refusal to Prostrate‎]]
*[[Parallelism: The Story of Queen of Sheba|The Queen of Sheba]]
*[[Parallelism: The Story of Abraham and the Idols|Abraham & the Idols]]
*[[Parallelism: Wealth of Korah|The Wealth of Korah]]
*[[Parallelism: Conclusion|Conclusion]]

==See Also==
* [[Library]] ''- WikiIslam's online "library of books"''
{{Hub4|Corruption of Scripture|the Corruption of Scripture}}

[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:People of the Book]]
[[Category:In-Depth Studies]]
[[Category:Parallelism]]

Islamic Views on the Shape of the Earth

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Axius: Reverted edits by 46.185.189.71 (talk) to last revision by Axius

- [[File:Flat Earth The Wonders of Creation.jpg|right|thumb|175px|Taken from Zekeriya Kazvinî's "Acaib-ül Mahlûkat" (The Wonders of Creation). Translated into Turkish from Arabic. Istanbul: ca. 1553. This map depicts "a traditional Islamic projection of the world as a flat disk surrounded by the sundering seas which are restrained by the encircling mountains of Qaf".<ref>[http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/world/earth.html Views of the Earth] - World Treasures of the Library of Congress, July 29, 2010</ref> ]]
This article takes a closer look at some of the [[Qur'an|Qur'anic]] verses that imply its author assumed the earth is flat.
== Introduction ==

The fact that the earth is not flat has been known for thousands of years. The Ancient [[Greece|Greeks]] Pythagoras (570 - 495 BC), Aristotle (384 - 322 BC) and Hipparchus (190 - 120 BC) all knew this. The [[India|Indian]] astronomer and mathematician, Aryabhata (476 - 550 AD) knew this. And so did the early Christian scholars Anicius Boëthius (480 - 524 AD), Bishop Isidore of Seville (560 - 636 AD), Bishop Rabanus Maurus (780 - 856 AD), the monk Bede (672 - 735 AD), Bishop Vergilius of Salzburg (700 - 784 AD) and Thomas Aquinas (1225 - 1274 AD). In fact, contrary to what we are often told, the sphericity of the earth was common knowledge among early medieval [[Europe|Europeans]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myth_of_the_Flat_Earth&oldid=556807448|title= Myth of the Flat Earth|publisher= Wikipedia|author= |date= accessed June 12, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMyth_of_the_Flat_Earth&date=2013-06-12|deadurl=no}}</ref> and the Holy Roman Empire from as early as 395 AD used an orb to represent the spherical Earth.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Globus_cruciger&oldid=312872920 Globus cruciger] - Wikipedia, accessed September 9, 2009</ref>

If the [[Qur'an]] is a letter-by-letter dictation from [[Allah]], it should also concur with this fact that was known throughout the world ''before'' its [[revelation]], and it should contradict the flat earth model widely believed in by the 7th century Bedouins of Arabia.

== Analysis==
=== Qur'an 15:19 ===
{{Quote|{{Quran|15|19}}|''' والارض مددناها''' والقينا فيها رواسي وانبتنا فيها من كل شئ موزون'''

Waal-arda madadnahawaalqayna feeha rawasiya waanbatnafeeha min kulli shay-in mawzoonin

'''And the earth We have spread out''' (like a carpet); set thereon mountains firm and immovable; and produced therein all kinds of things in due balance. }}
مَدَدْ = madad = protract , reach , elongate , extend , draw out , lengthen, stretch out , spread out , sprawl , dilate , reach , range , unwind , outstretch , pervade.

=== Qur'an 20:53 ===
{{Quote|{{Quran|20|53}}| '''الذي جعل لكم الارض مهدا''' وسلك لكم فيها سبلا وانزل من السماء ماء فاخرجنا به ازواجا من نبات شتى

Allathee jaAAala lakumu al-ardamahdan wasalaka lakum feeha subulan waanzala mina alssama-imaan faakhrajna bihi azwajan min nabatinshatta

'''He Who has, made for you the earth like a carpet spread out'''; has enabled you to go about therein by roads (and channels); and has sent down water from the sky." With it have We produced diverse pairs of plants each separate from the others. }}
مَهْدًا = mahdan = (Noun) cradle or bed, (verb) flatten, smoothen, smooth, level, cement, grade, ram, plane, roll, flat, level off.

=== Qur'an 43:10 ===
{{Quote|{{Quran|43|10}}| '''الذي جعل لكم الارض مهدا''' وجعل لكم فيها سبلا لعلكم تهتدون

Allathee jaAAala lakumu al-ardamahdan wajaAAala lakum feeha subulan laAAallakum tahtadoona

'''(Yea, the same that) has made for you the earth (like a carpet) spread out''', and has made for you roads (and channels) therein, in order that ye may find guidance (on the way);}}
مَهْدًا = mahdan = (Noun) cradle.or bed, (verb) flatten , smoothen , smooth , level , cement , grade , ram , plane , roll , flat , level off

=== Qur'an 50:7 ===
{{Quote|{{Quran|50|7}}| '''والارض مددناها''' والقينا فيها رواسي وانبتنا فيها من كل زوج بهيج

Waal-arda madadnahawaalqayna feeha rawasiya waanbatnafeeha min kulli zawjin baheejin

'''And the earth- We have spread it out''', and set thereon mountains standing firm, and produced therein every kind of beautiful growth (in pairs)- }}
مَدَدْ = madad = protract , reach , elongate , extend , draw out , lengthen, stretch out , spread out , sprawl , dilate , reach , range , unwind , outstretch , pervade , lengthen

=== Qur'an 51:48 ===
{{Quote|{{Quran|51|48}}| والارض فرشناها فنعم الماهدون

Waal-arda farashnahafaniAAma almahidoona

And We have spread out the (spacious) earth: How excellently We do spread out! }}
فَرَشَْ = farasha = provide with furniture , flatten , outspread , pervade , circulate , cement , grade , unwind , stretch , expand , flat , range , reach , ram , spread out , lengthen , sprawl , unfold , level off , roll out , level

الْمَهِدُونَ from مَهِدُ = flatten , smoothen , smooth , level , cement , grade , ram , plane , roll , flat , level off

=== Qur'an 71:19 ===
{{Quote|{{Quran|71|19}}| والله جعل لكم الارض بساطا

WaAllahu jaAAala lakumu al-ardabisatan

And Allah has made the earth for you as a carpet (spread out), }}
بِسَاطًا = bisaatan = drugget , carpet , rug
from the verb بسط = outspread , flatten , flat , even , ram , grade , level off , outstretch , pave , level , smoothen , roll , cement

=== Qur'an 78:6 ===
{{Quote|{{Quran|78|6}}| الم نجعل الارض مهادا

Alam najAAali al-arda mihadan

Have We not made the earth as a wide expanse,}}
مهاد = flat land , flat , plain , ramming

=== Qur'an 79:30 ===
Many Islamist apologists attempt to deflect criticism that the Qur'an promotes the mistaken belief of a flat earth by the word dahaha used in Qur'an 79:30, commonly translated as ‘spread’ or ‘stretched’.
{{Quote|{{Quran|79|30}}| '''Arabic:''' والارض بعد ذلك دحاها

'''Transliteration:''' ''Waal-arda baAAda thalika dahaha''
'''Literal:''' And the earth/Planet Earth after that He blew and stretched/spread it. <ref name="ia-79-30">[http://islamawakened.org/Quran/3/default.htm#003_054 Islam Awakened - Quran 79:30]</ref> }}
==== Qur'an Translations ====
{{quote ||
'''Yusuf Ali:''' And the earth, moreover, hath He extended (to a wide expanse); <ref name="ia-79-30"/> }}
{{quote ||
'''Pickthal:''' And after that He spread the earth, <ref name="ia-79-30"/> }}
{{quote ||
'''Arberry:''' and the earth-after that He spread it out, <ref name="ia-79-30"/> }}
{{quote ||
'''Shakir:''' And the earth, He expanded it after that. <ref name="ia-79-30"/> }}
{{quote ||
'''Sarwar:''' After this, He spread out the earth, <ref name="ia-79-30"/> }}
{{quote ||
'''Hilali/Khan:''' And after that He spread the earth; <ref name="ia-79-30"/> }}
{{quote ||
'''Malik:''' After that He spread out the earth, <ref name="ia-79-30"/> }}
{{quote ||
'''Maulana Ali:''' And the earth, He cast it after that. <ref name="ia-79-30"/> }}
{{quote ||
'''Free Minds:''' And the land after that He spread out. <ref name="ia-79-30"/> }}

Some translations have attempted to translate the word dahaha to mean made egg-shaped or like an ‘ostrich egg’.
{{quote ||
'''Khalifa:''' He made the earth egg-shaped. <ref name="ia-79-30"/> }}
{{quote ||
'''QXP:''' And after that He made the earth shoot out from the Cosmic Nebula and made it spread out egg-shaped. ('Dahaha' entails all the meanings rendered (21:30), (41:11)). <ref name="ia-79-30"/> }}
====Apologetic Claims====
{{quote || Anyway, to answer your question about why did Allah Almighty use the word "dahaha" in Noble Verse 79:30, well it's because the word is the most precise out of all. It describes the roundness and the flatness of the earth at once. <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20071227021224/http://www.answering-christianity.com/earth_in_islam.htm Answering Christianity on dahaha]</ref>}}
Some will also claim that the root word for dahaha is duhiya which means ostrich egg.
{{quote || 4. Earth is geo-spherical in shape

The Qur’an mentions the actual shape of the earth in the following verse:

“And we have made the earth egg shaped”. [Al-Qur’an 79:30]

The Arabic word Dahaha means egg shaped. It also means an expanse. Dahaha is derived from Duhiya which specifically refers to the egg of an ostrich which is geospherical in shape, exactly like the shape of the earth.

Thus the Qur’an and modern established science are in perfect harmony.<ref>[http://www.islamicvoice.com/February2006/QuestionHour-DrZakirNaik/?PHPSESSID=c30907389ab7486d8886b1a992e9ae1a Q & A - Zakir Naik - dahaha]</ref>}}

Nevertheless, many Muslims still cling to the belief that dahaha means an ostrich egg, despite the scientific difficulty this presents in that the earth is an oblate spheroid while the ostrich egg is a prolate spheroid. Thus the earth and the ostrich egg are dissimilar in three dimensions.

A further apologetic is to point to a game played by Meccans in their attempt to link dahaha with roundness.

{{quote || In 79:30, Allah says,

[Transliteration] Waal-arda baAAda thalika dahaha [79:30]

The key word in the above verse is “dahaha”. In Arabic, there is a phrase, “iza dahaha” which means “when he throws the stones over the ground to the hole”. The hole is called “Udhiyatun”. “Almadahi” signify round stones according to the size of which a hole is dug in the ground in which the stones are thrown in a game. “Almadahi” also signify a round thing made of lead by the throwing of which persons contend together. So there is a signification of ROUNDNESS in the root of the word “dahaha”. According to some etymologists, the word for the “egg of an ostrich” also has the same root as “dahaha”. They also take from this that the earth is of the shape of the egg of an ostrich. Latest science findings confirm that the earth is not exactly spherical but the earth is an ellipsoid, i.e. flattened by its poles,[ just like the shape of an egg of an ostrich].

The Arabic words for “flat” or “level” or “straight shaped” are “sawi” and “almustavi”. There is not a single place in Quran where there is any indication of the earth being “flat” or “straight shaped”. The word “faraash” in 2:22, 51:48; the word “wasia” in 4:97, 29:56, 30:10; the word “mahd” in 20:53, 43:10, 78:6; the word “basaat” in 71:19; the word “suttihat” in 88:20; and the word “tahaaha” in 91:6, all may mean, “to spread”, “to expand” or “to extend” with slight differences in their connotations but none signify the earth being straight-shaped or flat.<ref>[http://www.quranicteachings.co.uk/earth-shape.htm QuranTeachings.co.uk - 79:30]</ref>}}
The contention that almadahi and udhiyatun conveys the concept of roundness which they link to the root of dahaha is false for the reason that the 'roundness' of the almadahi and udhiyatun is only in two dimensions. The almadahi is round like a piece of Arab bread (i.e. shaped like a disc) and the udhiyatun is also round in two dimensions. Nevertheless, one of the meanings of dahaha is to 'throw' and that is the derivation of the words 'almadahi and udhiyatun'.

==== Daha and Duhiya ====
In Arabic, each word must be derived from its root. The root usually consists of three letters that can be manipulated, by adding vowels, prefixes and suffixes in order to produce different words with different meanings. For example, "ka-ta-ba" (to write) is the root for many words such as kitab (book), maktaba (library), katib (author), maktoob (written), kitabat (writings) et cetera.

Let's now take the word mentioned to mean egg of an ostrich, "Duhiya". This word is ''not'' a root. It is a noun and is derived from "da-ha-wa", the same root that the verb "dahaha" comes from. Furthermore, Duhiya does not even mean the egg of an ostrich. This is what the most respected dictionaries have to say on this subject:

===== Lisan Al Arab =====
{{quote || الأُدْحِيُّ و الإدْحِيُّ و الأُدْحِيَّة و الإدْحِيَّة و الأُدْحُوّة مَبِيض النعام في الرمل , وزنه أُفْعُول من ذلك , لأَن النعامة تَدْحُوه برِجْلها ثم تَبِيض فيه وليس للنعام عُشٌّ . و مَدْحَى النعام : موضع بيضها , و أُدْحِيُّها موضعها الذي تُفَرِّخ فيه .ِ}}
Translation: Al-udhy, Al-idhy, Al-udhiyya, Al-idhiyya, Al-udhuwwa:The place in sand where an ostrich lays its egg. That's because the ostrich spreads out the earth with its feet then lays its eggs there, an ostrich doesn't have a nest.

{{quote || الدَّحْوُ البَسْطُ . دَحَا الأَرضَ يَدْحُوها دَحْواً بَسَطَها . وقال الفراء في قوله والأَرض بعد ذلك دَحاها قال : بَسَطَها ; قال شمر : وأَنشدتني أَعرابية : الحمدُ لله الذي أَطاقَا

بَنَى السماءَ فَوْقَنا طِباقَا

ثم دَحا الأَرضَ فما أَضاقا

قال شمر : وفسرته فقالت دَحَا الأَرضَ أَوْسَعَها ; وأَنشد ابن بري لزيد بن عمرو بن نُفَيْل : دَحَاها , فلما رآها اسْتَوَتْ

على الماء , أَرْسَى عليها الجِبالا

و دَحَيْتُ الشيءَ أَدْحاهُ دَحْياً بَسَطْته , لغة في دَحَوْتُه ; حكاها اللحياني . وفي حديث عليّ وصلاتهِ , اللهم دَاحِيَ المَدْحُوَّاتِ يعني باسِطَ الأَرَضِينَ ومُوَسِّعَها , ويروى ; دَاحِيَ المَدْحِيَّاتِ . و الدَّحْوُ البَسْطُ . يقال : دَحَا يَدْحُو و يَدْحَى أَي بَسَطَ ووسع }}
Translation: To daha the earth: means to spread it out.
Then it mentions a couple of Arabic poems that confirm this meaning. Anyone who can read Arabic will find this to be the definitive proof that Daha means to spread out.

===== Al Qamoos Al Muheet =====
{{quote || (دَحَا): الله الأرضَ
(يَدْحُوهَا وَيَدْحَاهَا دَحْواً) بَسَطَها}}
Translation: Allah daha the Earth: He spread it out.

===== Al Waseet =====
{{quote || دَحَا الشيءَ: بسطه ووسعه. يقال: دحا اللهُ الأَرض }}
Translation: To daha something: means to spread it out. For example: Allah daha the Earth.

===== Lane's Lexicon =====
{{quote ||2= Dhaheelath see dahl, near the end of the paragraph. dhahhal One who hunts, or catches game, by making use of the dhahool so in the verse cited voce dhahool l. (TA.) Dhahil Very rancorous, malevolent, malicious, or spiteful; wont to hide enmity, and violent haired, in his heart, and to watch for opportunities to indulge it, or exercise it. (Az, TA.)

Dhahool (an arabicized word from the Pers. Dhakhool) A thing which the hunter of gazelles sets up (for the purpose of scaring them into his toil or into the neighbourhood of his place of concealment), consisting of pieces of wood: (S : ) or a thing which the hunter sets up for (the purpose of scaring) the (wild) asses, (K, TA,) and As adds, and the gazelles, (TA,) consisting of pieces of wood like short scars (K,* TA) stuck in the ground, with some pieces of ragged cloth upon their heads; and sometimes set up at night, for (the purpose of searing) the gazelle, with the addition of a lighted lamp; (TA; ) (whence) Dhu-r-Rummeh says,
Wa Yashrabna Ajnan Wannujoomu Ka’annaha
Masabeeh dahhalin Yuzakkee Zubalaha

(And they drink water that is altered for the worse in taste and colour, while the stars are like the lamps of the hunter by means of the Dahool when he make. their wicks to blaze brightly): (TA : ) the pl. is dawaheel (K.)

Dahw

1. Daha (., MM_b;,, 1,) first pers. Dahouth aor, yad'hoo inf. N. dahoo He spread; spread out, or forth; expanded; or extended; (S, Msb, K; ) a thing; (K; ) and, when said of God, the earth; (Fr, S, Mb, 1V; ) As also daha first pers. dahaithu (K in art. daha) aor. yaad’heae inf. n. dahae: (Msb, and K in art. dahae : ) or He (God) made the earth wide, or ample; as explained by an Arab woman of the desert to Sh: (TA : ) also, said of an ostrich, (S, TA,) he expanded, and made wide, (TA,) with his foot, or leg, the place where he was about to deposit his eggs: (S, TA : ) and, said of a man, he spread, &c., and made plain, even, or smooth. (TA in art. dhaha ) - Also, said of a man, (K,,) aor. yad’hoo, inf. n. dahwu(TA,) i.q. Jamie as also daja; on the authority of 1Abr. (TA.) (You say, dhahaha He compressed her; like as you say, dhajaha.) _ Also He threw, or cast, and impelled, propelled, oi removed from its place, a stone, with his hand (TA.) One says also, to him who is playing with walnuts, abidil maddha va adhhuhu, meaning (Make thou the distance far, and) throw it. (S,TA.: See also midh’hath, in two places. And of a torrent one says, dhaha bilbat’hai It cast along (the soft earth and pebbles in its course; or drove then along). (TA.) And of rain, one says, dhaha Al hissa an waj’hil Ardhi (S,Msb) It drove the pebbles from the surface of the earth; (Msb; ) or removed them. (TA.) (See also dhaha, in the next art.) And aldhahwu bilhijarathi also signifies The vying, one with another, in throwing stones, and striving to surpass (in doing so); as also al Midahath (inf. n- of dahee). (TA marra yad’hoo inf.n. dahow said of a horse, He went along throwing out his fore legs without raising his hoofs much from the ground. (S,TA.) = dhahal bathan The belly was, or became, large, and hanging down; (Kr, K; ) and Indhahee (the belly) was, or became, wide, or distended: (MF : ) or both signify it (the belly) became swollen, or inflated, or big,. and hung down, by reason of fatness or disease; as also Dhau and Indah (TA in art dooh.)
3. Dhahee inf.n. Mudahath: see 1.
5. Thud'hee He spread out, or extended, himself; syn. Thabassuth. (K: in art. Daha.) You say, nama fulan fathadhahha Such a one slept, and (extended himself so that he) lay upon a vide space of ground (TA in that art.) - And thadhahhathil ibilu fil ardhi The camels made hollows in the ground where they lay down, it being soft; leaving therein cavities like those of bellies: thus they do only when they are fat. (El-'Itreefee, TA in art. Daha. )
7. see 1, last sentence.
9. id'havi (of the measure if’alath for if’alle like Ar’awa) It (a thing, TA) was, or became, spread, spread out or forth, expanded, or extended. (K.)

Dhahin (act. part n. of 1). Allahumma dhahil Mad’huwwath in a prayer of ‘Alee, means O God, the Spreader and Expander of the (seven) earths: (TA : ) al Mdhuwwath (properly) signifies the things that are spread, &c.; as also Al Mudh’hiyyath. (TA in art. dhaha ) _ Al’Matharuddahee The rain that removes (or drives) the pebbles from the surface of the earth. (TA.)

Ud'hiyy (S.K) (Originally od'huwa of the measure Uf’ool from dhahaithu but said in the S to be of that measure from dhahouthu the dial. var. dhahaithu not being there mentioned,) and and id’hiyy and Ud’hiyyath and ud’huwwath (K) The place of the laying of eggs, (S, K,) and of the hatching thereof, (S,) , of the ostrich, (S. K. ) in the sand; (K; ) because that bird expands it, and makes it wide, with its foot, or leg; for the ostrich has no (nest such as is termed) Ush (S: ) pl. Adahin (TA in the present art.) and Adahee (i. e., if not a mistranscription, Adahiyyu agreeably with the sing.): (TA in art. dhaha and mudhhiyya (likewise) signifies the place of the eggs of the ostrich. (S.) (Hence,) binthu Adh’hiyyathun A female ostrich. (TA.)_(Hence also,) Al Udkhiyyu and Al Id’hiyyu A certain Mansion of the Moon, (K, TA,) (namely, the Twenty-first Mansion,) between the Na’aai’m sa’dha zabih (more commonly) called Al Baldath likened to the Adhahhee of the ostrich. (TA.)

Ud’huwwath and udh’hiyyath: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places: - and for the latter, see also mid’hath, below.

Mad’han see ud’hiyy

Mid’hath A wooden thing with which a child is driven along (yud’ha), and which, passing over the ground, sweeps away everything against which it comes (K, TA.) - Accord. to Sh, A certain thing with which the people of Mekkeh play: he says, I heard El-Asadee describe it thus: Almadahiyy and Almasadiyy signify stones like the (small round cake of bread called) qursath, according to the size which a hole is dug, and widened a little: then they throw those stones (yad’hoona biha) to that hole and if the stone fall therein, the person wins; but if not, he is overcome: you say of him yad’hoo and yasdoo when he throws the stones (Iza dhahaha) over the ground to the hole: and the hole is called ud'hiyyath. (TA.) (Accord. to Freytag, the authority of the Deewan El-Hudhaleeyeen, A round thing made of lead, by the throwing of which persons contend together.)

Almadhuwwath and almad’hiyyath see Dahin,

Dhaha

1. Dhaha first pers. Dhahaithu,aor. yad’ha inf.n. dhah’ya: see 1 in art. Dhahoo.__ dhahaithul ibil (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) I drove the camel,; (K; ) as also dhahaithuha (TA.)

(4 mentioned by Freytag as on the authority of the K is a mistake for 5.)

5 (mentioned in this art. in the V and TA): see art. Dhahoo

7 (mentioned in this art. by MF): see art. Dhahoo.

Dhah’yath A single act of dhahy, i. e. spreading, (Msb.) = A she-ape, or she-monkey. (K.)
dhihyath A mode, or manner, of dhahyu, i. e. spreading, &c. (Msb.) = A headman, or chief, (R, K, TA,) in an absolute sense, in the dial. of El-Yemen, (R, TA,) and particularly, of an army, or a military force. (K, TA.) AA says that it signifies "a lord," or "chief," in Pers.; but seems to be from dhahahu aor. yadh’hoohu, meaning "he spread it, and made it plain or even ;" because it is for the headman or chief to do this; the a. being changed into LS as it is in swibyath and fith’yath; and if so, it belongs to art. dahoo. (TA.) (Accord. to Golius, the pl. is dihau; but I think that it is more probably dhahan.) It is in a trad. that what is called Albaithul Ma’emoor (q.v. in art. Amr) is entered every day by seventy thousand companies of angels, every one of these having with it a dhih’yath and consisting seventy thousand angels. (TA.)

Ud’hiyyun and Id’hiyyun see art. dhaha.

Ud’hiyyath: see ud’hiyyu, in art. dahoo, in two places.<ref>[http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume3/00000023.pdf Lane's Lexicon - daha (PDF)] </ref>}}
Note above that Lane also translates dahaha to mean the place in the sand where the ostrich lays its eggs, and not the eggs themselves.

=== Qur'an 88:20 ===
{{Quote|{{Quran|88|20}}| والى الارض كيف سطحت

Wa-ila al-ardi kayfa sutihat

And at the Earth, how it is spread out?}}
Notice the word سَطَّحَ . If you do a word search in an Arabic Qur'an text file you will find the word سطحت , feminine for سَطَّحَ

سَطَّحَ = outspread , unfold , unroll , roll , lengthen , level , range , pave , pervade , circulate , grade , reach , even , level off , spread out , prostrate , plane , outstretch, flat , flatten , even , smoothen.

=== Qur'an 91:6 ===
{{Quote|{{Quran|91|6}}| والارض وماطحاها

Waal-ardi wama tahaha

By the Earth and its (wide) expanse}}

== Further Proof ==

===Qur'an 2:22===

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|22}}| الذي جعل لكم الارض فراشا والسماء بناء وانزل من السماء ماء فاخرج به من الثمرات رزقا لكم فلا تجعلوا لله اندادا وانتم تعلمون

Allathee jaAAala lakumu al-arda firashan waalssamaa binaan waanzala mina alssama-i maan faakhraja bihi mina alththamarati rizqan lakum fala tajAAaloo lillahi andadan waantum taAAlamoona

Who has made the earth your couch, and the heavens your canopy; and sent down rain from the heavens; and brought forth therewith Fruits for your sustenance; then set not up rivals unto Allah when ye know (the truth). }}

The word translated as canopy is binaa or binaan ( بِنَاء ). This word means "building". The heavens are as a multi-story building over the earth. There are seven layers or stories to this building called the heavens. The heavens are built on a "flat" foundation called "the earth". The tafsir of 'ibn Kathir confirms this:

{{quote || These Ayat indicate that Allah started creation by creating earth, then He made heaven into seven heavens. This is how building usually starts, with the lower floors first and then the top floors, <ref>[http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=2&tid=1494 Tafsir 'ibn Kathir]</ref> }}

===Qur'an 18:86===

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|86}}| حتى اذا بلغ مغرب الشمس وجدها تغرب في عين حمئة ووجد عندها قوما قلنا ياذا القرنين اما ان تعذب واما ان تتخذ فيهم حسنا

Hatta itha balagha maghriba alshshamsi wajadaha taghrubu fee AAaynin hami-atin wawajada AAindaha qawman qulna ya tha alqarnayni imma an tuAAaththiba wa-imma an tattakhitha feehim husnan

Until, when he reached the setting of the sun, he found it set in a spring of murky water: Near it he found a People: We said: "O Zul-qarnain! (thou hast authority,) either to punish them, or to treat them with kindness." }}

This verse on the [[Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring|setting of the sun]] in murky water supports that the earth is flat in the Qur'an.

===Qur'an 18:47===

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|47}}| ويوم نسير الجبال وترى الارض بارزة وحشرناهم فلم نغادر منهم احدا

Wayawma nusayyiru aljibala watara al-arda barizatan wahasharnahum falam nughadir minhum ahadan

One Day We shall remove the mountains, and thou wilt see the earth as a level stretch, and We shall gather them, all together, nor shall We leave out any one of them. }}

In this verse we are told that it's only the mountains which keep the earth from being completely flat.

===Qur'an 2:144===
[[File:Praying towards the Ka'aba.JPG|right|thumb|250px|'''Top-left:''' Due to the sphericity of the earth, a prayer in any direction will point towards the sky/outer-space, not Mecca. '''Top-right:''' People who are located on the opposite 'side' of the earth would have to pray vertically down towards the center of the earth, and would also blaspheme against Allah, because they defecate toward the direction of the Ka'aba when they answer the call of nature. '''Bottom-left:''' If we use the traditional Muslim method of determining qiblah (i.e. a great circle) this would still be blasphemous because you would be simultaneously praying with your face and backside aimed towards the Ka'aba. '''Bottom-right:''' There is one point on the opposite 'side' of the earth where any direction for all 360 degrees would be facing 'towards' Mecca and consequently, there would be no one direction that would be the correct one.]]
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|144}}|We have seen the turning of thy face to heaven (for guidance, O Muhammad). And now verily We shall make thee turn (in prayer) toward a qiblah which is dear to thee. So turn thy face toward the Inviolable Place of Worship, and ye (O Muslims), wheresoever ye may be, turn your faces (when ye pray) toward it. Lo! Those who have received the Scripture know that (this revelation) is the Truth from their Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what they do.}}

This verse tells all Muslims to pray towards the [[Kaaba|Ka'aba]] (qiblah being the direction that one has to face in order to do this). This is only possible on a flat earth model. Due to the sphericity of the earth, a prayer in any direction will point towards the sky/outer-space, not Mecca.

For people who are praying a great distance from Mecca, their qiblah would be somewhere down towards the ground, and the people who are located on the opposite 'side' of the earth would have to pray vertically downward towards the center of the earth.

So, for example, Muslims in the Solomon Islands in fact blaspheme against Allah, because they defecate toward the direction of the Ka'aba when they answer the call of nature.

Even if we were to use the traditional Muslim method of determining qiblah (i.e. a [[W:Great circle|great circle]]) this would still be blasphemous because you would be simultaneously praying with your face and backside aimed towards the Ka'aba.

There is also one point on the opposite 'side' of the earth where any direction for all 360 degrees would be facing 'towards' Mecca and consequently, there would be no one direction that would be the correct one.

In addition to all of the direct evidence we have provided, this is just one of the problems which indirectly indicate that the narrator/writer of the Qur'an believed in a flat earth model.

===Qur'an 2:187===

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|187}}|It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil)}}

This verse tells Muslims, when fasting, to not eat, drink, or have [[Reproduction|sexual intercourse]] during sunlight hours. This can cause a [[The Ramadan Pole Paradox|huge problem]] for those who live close to the North or South poles.

The closer we get to the poles, the longer our days or nights become. They can eventually extend for up to several months each, making this verse, the fourth [[Five Pillars of Islam|Pillar of Islam]], impossible to practice without starving yourself to death. Again, this problem would not exist on a flat earth model.

== General Apologetics ==
===Qur'an 22:61, 31:29, & 39:5===
{{Quote|{{Quran|22|61}}| ذلك بان الله يولج الليل في النهار ويولج النهار في الليل وان الله سميع بصير

Thalika bi-anna Allaha yooliju allayla fee alnnahari wayooliju alnnahara fee allayli waanna Allaha sameeAAun baseerun

That is because Allah merges night into day, and He merges day into night, and verily it is Allah Who hears and sees (all things).}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|31|29}}| الم تر ان الله يولج الليل في النهار ويولج النهار في الليل وسخر الشمس والقمر كل يجري الى اجل مسمى وان الله بما تعملون خبير

Alam tara anna Allaha yooliju allayla fee alnnahari wayooliju alnnahara fee allayli wasakhkhara alshshamsa waalqamara kullun yajree ila ajalin musamman waanna Allaha bima taAAmaloona khabeerun

Seest thou not that Allah merges Night into Day and he merges Day into Night; that He has subjected the sun, and the moon (to his Law), each running its course for a term appointed; and that Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do?}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|39|5}}| خلق السماوات والارض بالحق يكور الليل على النهار ويكور النهار على الليل وسخر الشمس والقمر كل يجري لاجل مسمى الا هو العزيز الغفار

Khalaqa alssamawati waal-arda bialhaqqi yukawwiru allayla AAala alnnahari wayukawwiru alnnahara AAala allayli wasakhkhara alshshamsa waalqamara kullun yajree li-ajalin musamman ala huwa alAAazeezu alghaffaru

He created the heavens and the earth in true (proportions): He makes the Night overlap the Day, and the Day overlap the Night: He has subjected the sun and the moon (to His law): Each one follows a course for a time appointed. Is not He the Exalted in Power - He Who forgives again and again?}}

Muslims sometimes claim "Merging here means that the night slowly and gradually changes to day and vice versa. This phenomenon can only take place if the earth is spherical. If the earth was flat, there would have been a sudden change from night to day and from day to night."

This claim is false. The gradual shift from day to night and vice versa would still happen on a flat earth model. The only difference is that the flat earth model would be lit up at the same time, there would be no timezones just the same night and day for everyone.

A simple experiment can be done to demonstrate the point. All that is needed is a dark room, table and flashlight. If the flashlight is slowed raised above the edge of the table (similar to a sunrise), a gradual shift from darkness to light will be observed. So verses 31:29, 39:5 and 22:61 give no information about the Earth's shape. They are merely observations that anyone can make.

In addition, these verses erroneously refer to lightness and darkness as two different things. They are in fact the same thing. The Night does not "overlap" the Day because there is only light, and darkness is nothing but the absence of light.

== Conclusion ==

Shaykh Abdul-Aziz Ibn Baaz, the former supreme religious authority of [[Saudi Arabia]], believed the earth is flat,<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/12/world/muslim-edicts-take-on-new-force.html|2=2011-11-30}} Muslim Edicts Take on New Force] - New York Times, February 12, 1995.</ref><ref>Sheikh Abdul Aziz Ben Baz (1395 AH [1974 AD]), ''"Evidence that the Earth is Standing Still"'', Islamic University of Medina, Saudi Arabia. First edition, p. 23.</ref> and so does Muslim Researcher on Astronomy Fadhel Al-Sa'd, who declared in a televised debate aired on [[Iraq|Iraqi]] Al-Fayhaa TV (October 31, 2007) that the Earth is flat as evidenced by Qur'anic verses and that the sun is much smaller than the Earth and revolves around it.<ref>[http://www.memritv.org/clip/en/1684.htm Iraqi Researcher Defies Scientific Axioms: The Earth Is Flat and Much Larger than the Sun (Which Is Also Flat)] - MEMRI TV, Video No. 1684</ref>

As devout Muslims, they have good reason to conclude the Earth is flat; the Qur'anic verses 15:19, 20:53, 43:10, 50:7, 51:48, 71:19, 78:6, 79:30, 88:20 and 91:6 all clearly state this and not a single verse in the Qur'an hint to a spherical earth.

{{Core Science}}

== See Also ==

{{Hub4|Cosmology|Cosmology}}

{{Translation-links-english|[[Le Coran et la Terre plate|French]]}}

==External Links==

*[http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Science/earth_egg.html Is the Earth Egg-Shaped?] ''- [[Answering Islam]]''
*[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fislammonitor.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D1382%26Itemid%3D63&date=2011-03-26 The Earth is Flat] - ''Islam Monitor''
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-watch.org/SujitDas/MuslimGenius.htm|2=2011-03-26}} A Tribute to a Muslim Genius (Sheik Abdul-Aziz Ibn Baaz)] ''- [[Islam Watch]]''

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Category:Islam and Science]]
[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:HRK]]
{{page_title|Flat Earth and the Qur'an}}
[[bg:Плоската земя и Корана]]

Geocentrism and the Quran

2016-01-31T14:42:09Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 46.185.189.71 (talk) to last revision by 139.162.212.103

This article will examine the evidence for [[Qur'an|Qur'anic]] geocentric [[cosmology]].
[[File:Geocentrism.jpg|right|thumb|300px]]
==Introduction==

Some may confuse geocentricism with the the idea that the [[Flat Earth and the Quran|Earth is flat]]. This is not the case. These are two different ideas. Geocentrism simply is the notion that the earth is the (immovable) centre of our universe, thus all celestial bodies move around it. The ancient Greeks and the Europeans of the middle ages thought that the celestial bodies (the sun, the moon and the 5 known planets) all moved in celestial spheres around a spherical earth. It should be noted that even though not all geocentrists are flat-earthers invariably all flat-earthers seem to be geocentrists.

It seems the author of the Qur'an thought that the sun (and the moon and the five known planets) followed a curved (rounded) course (a Falak).<ref>Falak [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume6/00000227.pdf Lane's Lexicon Volume 1 page 2443]</ref> According to the Qur'an this falak starts in the east (where the sun goes up), goes high above the earth and ends after sunset with the Sun resting at night at a hidden place. All this took place around an earth that was spread out and had a firmament built on invisible pillars above it. This was a common belief at the time and can be found with the Babylonians, ancient Hebrews, the Assyrians and other cultures in the region. In that regard it may be interesting to note that the Tawaf (the circling of the Ka'aba) mimics these seven orbits.

==Primary Evidence==

The evidence for the Qur'an’s geocentricity will be dealt with in several paragraphs, supported by evidence from the Qur'an, Muslim daily practice, Muslim scientists and the [[Hadith]].
Even though some Muslims reject the Hadith and the [[Sunnah]] as being not-divinely inspired; that argument presupposes a priori that the Qur'an is divinely inspired and protected whilst these other documents are not. Obviously, such special pleading will not do in a scholarly examination of the Qur'an. The Qur'an alone cannot prove itself to be Prophet [[Muhammad|Muhammad’s]] words (let alone the words of [[Allah]]) without the support of hadiths. Not only are these sources useful as supporting evidence; they also indicate which interpretation is supported by Muhammad and (early) Muslims. This is also why this article includes the views of several medieval Muslim Astronomers: if the Qur'an had clearly described a cosmology that is not geocentric, they would simply not hold geocentric views. In addition, this article even includes the opinions of a modern-day Muslim astronomer.

The following is a list of what makes the Qur'an geocentric:

# It is very clear from the Qur'an and scientific observations that the moon makes rounds around the earth. The Qur'an mentions the sun and the moon in such a way as if they are following each other.<ref>{{cite quran|91|1|end=2|style=ref}} states, "''By the sun and his brightness, And the moon when she followeth him''". What could this actually mean other than that the sun takes a path similar to that of the moon (which does indeed go around the earth once per month, and to an ancient person seems to do so on a nightly basis)? The word translated "follow" is used many other places to mean recite, but is primarily defined as to follow, go or walk behind, follow in way of imitation, of action etc., and is often used for animals like camels following behind each other. Ref: Ta-Lam-Waw [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume1/00000350.pdf Lane's Lexicon volume 1 page 313]</ref>
# The floating/swimming/running (the verb جري) of the sun is always mentioned with that of the moon, and in these verses they are nearly always mentioned in the context of night and day.<Ref>21:33, 39:40, 31:29, 35:13, and 39:5; the exception being 13:2. See also 14:33, though note that the word translated "constant in their courses" is daibayni, which is simply a verb meaning to strive, toil, labour, hold on or continue. Ref: dal-alif-ba [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume3/00000005.pdf Lane's Lexicon Volume 1 page 106]</ref>
# Qur'an 36:37-40 is a passage about night and day.<ref>"''And a Sign for them is the Night: We withdraw therefrom the Day, and behold they are plunged in darkness; And the sun runs his course for a period determined for him: that is the decree of (Him), the Exalted in Might, the All-Knowing. And the Moon,- We have measured for her mansions (to traverse) till she returns like the old (and withered) lower part of a date-stalk. It is not permitted to the Sun to catch up the Moon, nor can the Night outstrip the Day: Each (just) swims along in (its own) orbit (according to Law).''" - {{cite Quran|36|37|end=40|style=ref}}</ref> Right after describing the change from day to night it says that the sun runs on to a resting place for it.<ref>A few translations use instead, "appointed term", though in nearly all other verses where we find قرر (mustaqarrin (qaf-ra-ra) [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume7/00000029.pdf Lane's Lexicon Volume 1 page 2501]) as a participle they translate it as a place of settlement or an abode or resting place.</ref> There are also sahih hadith that use the same Arabic word as in verse 36:38 to mean a resting place as part of the sun's daily cycle.<ref>{{Muslim|1|297}}. For the Arabic of this hadith, see [http://sunnah.com/muslim/1/306 here]</ref> The alternative view was that it refers to the sun's final resting on the last day.<ref>There are other verses (35:13, 31:29, 39:5, 13:2) that mention the sun and moon floating/swimming (with the same verb as is translated "run" in 36:38) for a term appointed (لِأَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى which does have that meaning - مُسْتَقَرٍّ in 36:38 is a different word).</ref> Another similar sahih hadith probably supports this view.<ref>With a different ending indicating that the مُسْتَقَرٍّ (resting place) in 36:38 refers to the end of the world when the sun is asked to rise from its setting place (مِنْ مَغْرِبِهَا). Ref: {{Bukhari|9|93|520}}. For the Arabic see [http://sunnah.com/bukhari/97/52 here]</ref> Whichever interpretation was intended, the sun's movement is nevertheless mentioned right after describing day and night, just as the next verse mentions the different mansions appointed for the moon each night. The whole passage is about day and night and the sun and moon's movement in that context.
# There is only one moon and one sun in the entire Qur'anic universe. The position of all these celestial bodies within this universe are clearly described in the Qur'an. For example, the heavens are above the earth, and the sun, moon and stars are within the heavens.<ref>"''Have you not seen how Allah created the seven heavens one above the other, setting in them the moon as a light and the sun as a lantern?''" - {{cite quran|71|15|end=16|style=ref}}</ref>
# The Qur'an mentions heavenly bodies traveling in their own orbits, but so do the concepts of day and night each have an orbit. None of the bodies are supposed to run into each other.
# The heavens are firmly held in place lest they move from where they are and fall on the earth.<ref>{{cite quran|2|22|end=29|style=ref}}, {{Quran|35|41}}, {{Quran|21|104}}, {{Quran|17|92}}, and {{Quran|34|9}}</ref> Note that there is no mention of orbits for the heavens or the earth in the Qur'an. Their positions are fixed. An orbit is only mentioned for the sun and the moon. Not even the stars have an orbit, for they are as if hanging down from the heavens like a light bulb from the ceiling in a room.

For the Qur'an to be scientific, it must contain accurate statements in regards to all that is visible i.e. material objects and phenomena. How can Allah appeal to such things as signs of his power and existence if he fails to make his case obvious?

All the evidence in the Qur'an points very strongly to the fact that the author had been observing the universe, not from the heavens, but from the Arabian Desert. The author states that the heavens are above the earth. Why? Because they were looking at the heavens from the Arabian floor and not from the vast space above or below. Otherwise Allah would have seen the Milky Way as a disc. Our solar system too is a disc. The earth is just one of the planets moving around the sun. However, in the the Qur'an, the sky is mistakenly being referred to as if it were a solid structure that could fall upon the earth and crush people and things between them. There are verses upon verses which lead to these conclusions.

===The sun and moon are signs from Allah===

According to the Qur'an, the sun and the moon are some of the signs (al ayaat) that are created by Allah. In the Qur'an, Allah also promises to "explain his signs in detail, for people who have knowledge."

{{Quote|{{Quran|10|5}}|It is He Who made the sun a shining thing and the moon as a light and measured out its (their) stages, that you might know the number of years and the reckoning. Allāh did not create this but in truth. '''He explains the signs in detail for people who have knowledge.'''}}

''Yussuf Ali - (he explains in detail) al ayaat (the signs) Li (for) Qawmin (people) Yalamoon (knowing).''

[[Apologists]] may say that these detailed explanation are only correctly understood by them (since only they have knowledge); but this is of course circular reasoning. ("You first have to believe the Qur'an to be 100% true to be qualified to criticize its veracity.") Even if this were true, these Muslim possessors of 'true' knowledge should be able to provide a coherent, unambiguous explanation of the Qur'an and its miraculous signs - and if how early learned Muslims (including Muhammad himself) explained these verses was examined by them, they would find that they confirm a geocentric cosmology.

Here is another verse where basically the same sentiment is being expressed:
{{Quote|{{Quran|13|2}}| Allah is He who raised the heavens without any pillars that you can see; is firmly established on the throne; '''He has subjected the sun and the moon! Each one runs for a term appointed'''. He regulates the matter, '''explaining the signs in detail''', so you can be certain of meeting with your Lord.}}
''yudabbiru (he arranges / regulates) al amra (the matter) yufassilu (he explains in detail) al ayaat (the signs) la allakum (so you may) biliqai (meeting) rabbikum (with your Lord) tūqinūna (be certain)''

The sun and moon running their courses are signs (ayaat) to mankind and thus they must be visible (or known) to a 7th century Arab audience. The Qur'an also promises to explain these signs in detail. And with good reason because they are proofs for the people so they can be certain that someday they will meet Allah.

===The visibility of the sun's movement===

The movement of the sun (as well as the course of the moon) is visible according the author of the Qur'an.

{{Quote|{{Quran|31|29}}|'''Don't you see''' that Allah merges night into day and he merges day into night and he has subjected the sun, and the moon each running its course for a term appointed. And Allah is aware of what you do.}}

These were all visible phenomena to the people of the 7th century; they could 'see' the night turn into day and vice versa, they could see the sun and the moon run their courses around the earth. The people could see Allah's signs, and Allah could see them. At various places in the Qur'an, numerous observers 'see' the sun go up, reach its highest point, then go back down to its resting place.

أَلَمْ تَرَ = Alam Tara (”Don’t you see?")

It could be argued that "don't you see" means "don't you know" or "aren't you aware" or "don't you realise". Of course this does not make much of a difference. In this case, the Qur'an clearly reinforces the common but incorrect beliefs of the time, and further uses these erroneous beliefs to support the existence of Allah.

{{Quote|{{Quran|13|2}}|[…] He made the Sun and the moon subservient; each one pursues its course to an appointed time; He regulates the affair, '''making clear the signs'''}}

Here is how the Qur'an tells of an indirect observation of the sun's movement. The author of the Qur'an explains how the shadow cast by the sun is guided by the sun's movement:

{{Quote|{{Quran|25|45|}}|Have you not '''seen''' see how your Lord spread the shadow. If He willed he could make it stationary. Then do We make the sun its guide.}}

الشَّمسَ عَلَيهِ دَلِيل = ash shamsa (the sun) `alayhi (for it) dalilaan (a guide / an indication)

According to the Qur'an, the shadow that the sun casts are moving because of the sun. And humans should be able to see this. Of course, this is exactly how it would appear to someone observing the phenomena standing on earth; however, this is not how it would be described if it was being viewed from outside our solar system. It is not the sun but the rotation of earth which causes shadows to change shape.

Interestingly, the length of the shadow cast by the sun is also used to determine the start of the Asr prayer time; the apparent movement of the sun is still used by Muslims as a clock of sorts.

{{Quote|{{Quran|25|45}}|Art thou not aware of thy Sustainer [through His works]? - how He causes the shadow to lengthen [towards the night] when, had He so willed, He could indeed have made it stand still: but then, We have made the sun its guide;}}

However, according to a better English translation of the Qur'an, the sun's influence over the shadow is only part of the hypothetical situation in which Allah makes the shadow constant. In such a case, indeed, the earth's influence over the shadow's length becomes naught (since it only arises if the earth stops moving), and the sun's influence becomes singular.

===The course of the sun in relation to the course of the moon===

The courses of the sun and the moon are also a pair of sorts, according to the Qur'an:<ref>See the notes (No. 1) in the [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Geocentrism_and_the_Quran#Primary_Evidence Primary Evidence] section of this article regarding the word translated "follow" in 91:2.</ref>

{{Quote|{{cite quran|91|1|end=2|style=ref}}|By the sun and his brightness, And the moon when she followeth him}}

{{Quote|{{cite quran|36|37|end=40|style=ref}}|A token unto them is night. We strip it of the day, and lo! they are in darkness and the sun runneth on unto a resting-place for him. That is the measuring of the Mighty, the Wise. And for the moon We have appointed mansions till she return like an old shrivelled palm-leaf. It is not for the sun to overtake the moon, nor doth the night outstrip the day. They float each in an orbit.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|33}}|And He it is Who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon. They all float in rounded courses.}}

''...khalaqa (created) allayla (the night) waalnnahara (and the day) waalshshamsa (and the sun) waalqamara (and the moon) kullun (each) fee (in) falakin (a rounded course) yasbahoona (they swim)''

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|12}}|He has made subject to you the Night and the Day; the Sun and the moon}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|14|33}}|And He hath made subject to you the Sun and the moon, both diligently pursuing their courses; and the night and the day hath he (also) made subject to you.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|41|37}}|Among His Signs are the Night and the Day, and the Sun and the Moon. [...]}}

Here it is again: heavens and earth, night and day, sun and moon.

{{Quote|{{Quran|39|5}}| He created the heavens and the earth in true (proportions): He makes the Night overlap the Day, and the Day overlap the Night: He has subjected the sun and the moon (to His law): Each one follows a course for a time appointed. Is not He the Exalted in Power - He Who forgives again and again? }}

And again: the Qur'an explains, not only are humans [[Quranic Claim of Everything Created in Pairs|created in pairs]] (male and female), so are the two bodies of flowing waters (one salt and one sweet), and the night and the day and the sun and the moon.

{{Quote|{{cite quran|35|11|end=13|style=ref}}|[…]1 And Allah did create you from dust; then from a sperm-drop; then He made you in pairs. And no female conceives, or lays down (her load), but with His knowledge. Nor is a man long-lived granted length of days, nor is a part cut off from his life, but is in a Decree (ordained). All this is easy to Allah. Nor are the two bodies of flowing water alike,- the one palatable, sweet, and pleasant to drink, and the other, salt and bitter. Yet from each (kind of water) do ye eat flesh fresh and tender, and ye extract ornaments to wear; and thou seest the ships therein that plough the waves, that ye may seek (thus) of the Bounty of Allah that ye may be grateful. He merges Night into Day, and he merges Day into Night, and he has subjected the sun and the moon (to his Law): each one runs its course for a term appointed. Such is Allah your Lord: to Him belongs all Dominion.}}

Notice how frequently the sun and the moon are mentioned together as a pair. Its clearly implied that the sun and the moon are a pair of sorts, just like (according to the Qur'an) the heavens and the earth or the night and the day. In Qur'an 36:36 and 35:11-35:13 this belief is expressly stated. The sun and the moon (along with their courses) are mentioned amongst a range of other things that are created in pairs.

===The regular cycle of the sun===

According to the Qur'an, the sun's cycle is repeated on a regular basis (exactly computed even) just like that of the Moon and night and day.

{{Quote|{{Quran|13|2}}|[…] He made the Sun and the moon subservient (to you); '''each one pursues its course to an appointed time'''; He '''regulates''' the affair, making clear the signs}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|31|29}}|Seest thou not that Allah merges night into day and he merges day into night and he has subjected the sun, and the moon each '''running its course for a term appointed'''. And Allah is aware of what you do.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|55|5}}|The Sun and the moon follow '''courses (exactly) computed'''}}

This Surah reads: Alshamsu (the sun) waalqamaru (and the moon) bihusbanin.

''Husban'' can mean a number of things: definite reckoning, appointed courses, numbering, revolving firmament, running appointed and scheduled course. In many English translations we see the word 'course' or 'celestial sphere' but note that the word 'falak' isn't mentioned here; this verse only indicates that the sun and the moon behave in a calculated / scheduled / appointed manner.

There is a reason why this is important: the sun's daily cycle and the moons monthly cycle are used for timekeeping in Islam.

This cycle is repeated every day:

{{Quote|{{cite quran|36|37|end=40|style=ref}}| A token unto them is night. '''We strip it of the day, and lo! they are in darkness and the sun runneth on unto a resting-place for him.''' That is the measuring of the Mighty, the Wise. And for the moon We have appointed mansions till she return like an old shrivelled palm-leaf. It is not for the sun to overtake the moon, nor doth the night outstrip the day. They float each in an orbit.}}

The Qur'an clearly tells us that the sun follows a daily cycle, which ends every night when the sun goes to its resting place. (ِمُسْتَقَرٍّ) Waalshshamsu (and the sun) tajree (runs) limustaqarrin (a resting point) laha (of it). Notice how the sun's movement is repeatedly mentioned in the context of night and day.

A standard apologetic claim is that references to the sun's movement concern its 225 million year orbit around the milky way. Such a meaning would have no relevance to human timescales, nor would it be "a token" or sign for 7th century listeners, nor would it make sense in the context about the night-day cycle. Moreover, the idea that the sun is prevented from overtaking the moon is a concept that would only make any kind of sense from a naive human perspective where they orbit the same world.

===The movement of the sun and timekeeping===

In the days of Muhammad it was common practice to use the sun for timekeeping, so there is little wonder that the Qur'an claims the supposed course of the Sun is a sign from Allah to keep track of the time of day (and likewise the course of the moon is a monthly calendar)

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|96}}|He it is that cleaves the day-break (from the dark): He makes the night for rest and tranquility and '''the sun and moon for the reckoning [of time]''')}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|10|5}}|It is He Who made the Sun to be a shining glory and the moon to be a light (of beauty), and measured out stages for her; '''that ye might know the number of years and the count [of time]'''. Nowise did Allah create this but in truth and righteousness. (Thus) doth He explain His Signs in detail, for those who have knowledge.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|12}}|And We have made the night and the day two signs, then We have made the sign of the night to pass away and We have made the sign of the day manifest, so that you may seek grace from your Lord, and '''that you might know the numbering of years and the reckoning'''; and We have explained everything with distinctness.}}

The moon (the sign of the night) is to be used to count the years (12 [[Islamic Lunar Calendar|lunar years]] make up the Islamic year) and the sun is to be used to keep track of time. The only solar movement Muslims use for timekeeping is the apparent daily course of the Sun (from east up and then down to the west). To this very day, Muslims use the (crude) lunar calender, and the waqt (prescribed time) of their daily [[Salah|salats]] (prayers) is determined entirely by the position of the Sun along it’s apparent course.

'''Daily salats:'''

#Salat Al Fajr – right before sun rise. (mentioned in {{Quran|24|58}})
#Salat Al Zuhr – right after the Sun’s zenith, but before the shadow of the Sun becomes twice its length from midday.
#Salat Al Asr- between zenith and sunset (when the length of a shadow of a stick is either once or twice its length)
#Salat Al Maghrib – right after sunset. (Mentioned in {{Quran|17|78}})
#Salat Al Isha'a – between sunset and sunrise.

The picture is pretty clear: the apparent daily course of the sun dictates the time of each and every daily prayer. And this is important for Muslims.

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|103|}}|[...]''' prayers are enjoined on believers at stated times.''}}

There are other examples of how the sun's apparent movement along the sky is used to know what time it is or to make appointments during the day:

{{Quote|{{Quran|20|130}}|Therefore be patient with what they say, and celebrate (constantly) the praises of thy Lord, '''before the rising of the Sun''', and before its setting; yea, celebrate them for part of the hours of the night, and at the sides of the day: that thou mayest have (spiritual) joy}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|78}}|'''Establish worship at the going down of the Sun''' until the dark of night, and (the recital of) the Qur'an at dawn. Lo! (the recital of) the Qur'an at dawn is ever witnessed.}}

The Qur'an is clear; the apparent course of the sun is to be used for timekeeping ('reckoning') and the only examples of the sun being used for timekeeping in the Qur'an employs the sun's daily movement along the sky.

===The shape of the sun's course===

These verses explain the shape of the sun's course. Apparently the sun goes up from east, travels high and eventually goes down to the west.

The sun rises (goes up) in the east:

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|258}}|But it is Allah that causes the '''sun to rise from the east'''}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|078}}|And when '''he saw the sun rising up'''[…]}}

The sun's course has a high point:

{{Quote|{{Quran|20|059}}|[…] and let the people assemble when the '''sun has risen high.'''}}

The sun goes up and down:

{{Quote|{{Quran|20|130}}|[…] the '''rising''' of the sun and ere the '''going down''' thereof}}

The sun goes down again in the west:

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|078}}|Establish worship at the '''going down of the Sun''' until the dark of night, and (the recital of) the Qur'an at dawn. Lo! (the recital of) the Qur'an at dawn is ever witnessed.}}

{{Quote|{{cite quran|6|77|end=78|style=ref}}|When he saw the moon rising in splendor, he said: "This is my Lord." But when the moon set, He said: "unless my Lord guide me, I shall surely be among those who go astray." When he saw the Sun rising in splendor [...]}}

Here the course of the sun is described as a sign (ayat). Note that the rising of the sun is compared (again) to the rising of the moon (the same words are used). However, the moon is in an orbit around the earth, whilst the sun is not.

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|17}}|Thou wouldst have seen the sun, when it rose, declining to the right from their Cave, and when it set, turning away from them to the left, while they lay in the open space in the midst of the Cave. Such are among the Signs of Allah: He whom Allah, guides is rightly guided; but he whom Allah leaves to stray.}}

The Qur'an clearly assumes the sun ends its daily cycle every night when the sun goes to its resting place. (ِمُسْتَقَرٍّ or mustaqarrin).<ref>See the notes (No. 3) in the [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Geocentrism_and_the_Quran#Primary_Evidence Primary Evidence] section of this article, regarding the translation of this word.</ref>

{{Quote|{{cite quran|36|37|end=38|style=ref}}| A token unto them is night. We strip it of the day, and lo! they are in darkness. '''And the sun runneth on unto a resting-place for him.''' That is the measuring of the Mighty, the Wise.}}

The Qur'an also describes the locations where the sun can be seen to go up and down. It can be seen by human eyes in the story of [[Dhul-Qarnayn]] (Alexander the Great):

{{Quote|{{cite quran|18|84|end=90|style=ref}}| Lo! We made him strong in the land and gave him unto every thing a road. And he followed a road. '''Till, when he reached the setting-place of the sun, he found it setting in a muddy spring''', and found a people thereabout. We said: O Dhu'l-Qarneyn! Either punish or show them kindness. Then he followed a road. '''Till, when he reached the rising-place of the sun, he found it rising on a people for whom We had appointed no shelter therefrom.'''}}

The place where the sun goes down has a name 'Mahgreb' (from the root ghuroob, meaning "to set" or "to be hidden by going away"). Today, North-Western Africa (Morocco in particular) is denoted by this very name. Interestingly, if one stands there and looks at the ocean at sunset one could 'observe' the sun going to its hidden resting place.<ref>For a detailed discussion of the key words in these verses, see the article [[Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring]]</ref>

The Qur'an is quite clear about the course of the sun. It does not even describe a complete orbit, but merely a rounded course (falak) that has a beginning, an end, and a highest point.

===The similar size and distance of the sun and moon===

The Qur'an has some statements about the end of the world that are much as one would expect if the author believed the sun and moon to be of similar size and a similar distance from Earth.

{{Quote|{{cite quran|75|8|end=9|style=ref}}|And the moon darkens And the sun and the moon are joined,}}

The word translated "are joined" is Arabic jumi'a, a verb which means to collect together, gather together, bring together.<ref>Jama'a [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume2/00000091.pdf Lane's Lexicon Book 1 page 455]</ref> Now given that this would actually require the moon to travel 98 million miles away from Earth and into the sun, which is over 600 times wider, it is far less suitable as an apocalyptic event than if the ancient understanding of the cosmos was correct, and it is not credible that an author with accurate knowledge of the solar system would describe such an event using the words found in these verses.

==Supporting Evidence==

===Ancient and modern-day Muslim astronomers===

Muslims living in Muhammad’s day unequivocally accepted the Qur'an's geocentric cosmology. References in the Hadith of any of the ansari or others in Muhammad's environment arguing about this point with their prophet or amongst themselves are unknown. Famous Muslim astronomers (people who certainly read, and knew the Qur'an) like the Arab astronomer ''Ibn al-Shatir'' and the Persian ''Nasir al-Din al-Tusi'' used Greek (geocentric) astronomy to create complex models of our ‘universe’ (basically only our solar system, which they believed constituted the entire universe) that were geocentric just like the Qur'an.

In a televised debate aired on Iraqi Al-Fayhaa TV (October 31, 2007), Muslim Researcher on Astronomy ''Fadhel Al-Sa'd'' also declared :

{{Quote|1=[http://www.memritv.org/clip/en/1684.htm Iraqi Researcher Defies Scientific Axioms: The Earth Is Flat and Much Larger than the Sun (Which Is Also Flat)] MEMRI TV, Video No. 1684|2=The sun circles the Earth because it is smaller than the Earth, as is evident in Koranic verses. Have you ever seen how the sun moves? I have seen the sun moving. The sun makes one move every 24 hours. What I say is based on Koranic science. He bases his arguments on the kind of science that I reject categorically -- the modern science that they teach in schools. This science is a heretic innovation that has no confirmation in the Koran. No verse in the Koran indicates that the Earth is round or that it rotates. Anything that has no indication in the Koran is false.}}

According to Fadhel Al-Sa'd, the moon's diameter is 1,200,000 km, while that of the sun is only 2,400,000 km.

===Muslims around the time of Muhammad===

In the Hadiths we read Muhammad's own words, and they clearly paint the same picture: the sun moves around the earth and goes to a resting place at night.

{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|297}}|It is narrated on the authority of Abu Dharr that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) one day said: Do you know where the Sun goes? They replied: Allah and His Apostle know best. He (the Holy Prophet) observed: Verily it (the Sun) glides till it reaches its resting place under the Throne. Then it falls prostrate and remains there until it is asked: Rise up and go to the place whence you came, and it goes back and continues emerging out from its rising place and then glides till it reaches its place of rest under the Throne and falls prostrate and remains in that state until it is asked: Rise up and return to the place whence you came, and it returns and emerges out from it rising place and the it glides (in such a normal way) that the people do not discern anything (unusual in it) till it reaches its resting place under the Throne. Then it would be said to it: Rise up and emerge out from the place of your setting, and it will rise from the place of its setting. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said. Do you know when it would happen? It would happen at the time when faith will not benefit one who has not previously believed or has derived no good from the faith.}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|421}}| Narrated Abu Dharr: The Prophet asked me at sunset, "Do you know where the sun goes (at the time of sunset)?" I replied, "Allah and His Apostle know better." He said, "It goes (i.e. travels) till it prostrates Itself underneath the Throne and takes the permission to rise again, and it is permitted and then (a time will come when) it will be about to prostrate itself but its prostration will not be accepted, and it will ask permission to go on its course but it will not be permitted, but it will be ordered to return whence it has come and so it will rise in the west. And that is the interpretation of the Statement of Allah: ‘And the sun Runs its fixed course for a term (decreed). That is The Decree of (Allah) The Exalted in Might, The All-Knowing.’"}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|93|520}}|Narrated Abu Dharr: I entered the mosque while Allah's Apostle was sitting there. When the sun had set, the Prophet said, "O Abu Dharr! Do you know where this (sun) goes?" I said, "Allah and His Apostle know best." He said, "It goes and asks permission to prostrate, and it is allowed, and (one day) it, as if being ordered to return whence it came, then it will rise from the west." Then the Prophet recited, "That: ‘And the sun runs on its fixed course (for a term decreed),"}}

Even though these Hadiths are all deemed '[[sahih]]' (authentic) according to Islamic scholars, some apologists will deny them without any valid reason other than for their anti-scientific nature. Of course the Hadiths, at the very least, indicate what Muslims around the time of Muhammad (or not long after his demise) believed about the sun and how to interpret the Qur'an correctly.

==Conclusion==

A lot of details about the sun’s movement are contained within the Qur'an.

According to the Qur'an, the supposed course of the sun:

#is seen by 7th century listeners without knowledge of galactic orbits.
#is (almost always) compared to the Moon's course.
#is repeated regularly.
#is almost always mentioned with that of the moon in the context of night and day.
#is to be used by the Muslims for timekeeping.
#has a destination. Beginning in the east, it goes up to a high point, then goes down to the west.

In addition to all these facts; great ancient, and even modern-day, Muslim astronomers agree that the Qur'an is geocentric, and the Hadiths also affirm this geocentric cosmology (so Muhammad or at least the people around him agree with it)

What else can one conclude, other than the Qur'an is geocentric? Whoever wrote the Qur'an thought that the sun orbits our planet. It is now known this is not true: the sun is not orbiting our planet and it is certainly not in a daily rounded path that looks like half a circle.

In ancient times, many people - but certainly not all - did not know any better than what they seemed to observe everyday: the sun appeared to be going around the earth through our skies. This belief could be expected from a 7th century Bedouin, but not from an omnipresent, omnipotent, omniscient creator.

{{Core Science}}

==See Also==

{{Hub4|Cosmology|Cosmology}}

==External Link==

*[http://mando2u2003.blogspot.com/ Geocentric Islam] ''- Muslim blog, "western atheists deceived us when they taught the Hoax of a Rotating Earth !!"''
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWLA-MZBhyE Muhammad's Geocentric Universe]'' - YouTube video''

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Islam and Science]]
[[ru:Геоцентризм]]
{{page_title|Geocentrism and the Qur'an}}

Cosmology of the Quran

2016-01-31T14:42:08Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 46.185.189.71 (talk) to last revision by Axius

[[File:Ancient-Cosmology.jpg|right|thumb]]
This article analyzes the nature and structure of the physical universe as represented in the [[Qur'an]] and the [[Sunnah]].
==Introduction==

This article is designed to uncover and explain the [[cosmology]] presented in the Qur'an and the Sunnah. More specifically, it will explore the Qur'an's understanding of the nature and structure of the physical universe.

To no surprise, “Islamic Cosmology” was not advanced beyond that of any of its ancient neighbors, and in fact is far less sophisticated and accurate in its understanding than the Greeks or Romans that had preceded them by centuries. While other civilizations had (for example) long before realized that the earth was a globe, the Qur'an betrays no understanding that the earth is [[Flat Earth and the Quran|anything but flat]].

Now, it is recognized up front that (as in almost every other ancient text), some of what is reflected in the Qur'an was meant to be taken literally, while some is allegorical or symbolic. But such recognition does not give the reader license to simply reject some descriptions which are obviously in error without good reason. In fact, the cosmology suggested by the Qur'an and the Sunnah is remarkably consistent, regardless of the specific purpose of the particular story being read.

This is because at no point was the purpose of the Qur'an or the Sunnah to describe the structure of the universe. In almost every instance, such descriptions exist only as side effects of the other religious or ethical lessons that were the real objectives of the texts we consider. If a detail of cosmology is contained in an allegory, yet itself has no allegorical purpose, then it must be accepted as the actual understanding of the author. So, while we have only a handful of direct statements concerning cosmology, a lot can still be determined from the occasional intriguing detail accidentally dropped by the authors as part of other discussions.

The wealth of such hints provide a compelling resource, and provide a clear picture of what Prophet [[Muhammad]] thought the universe looked like.

==Analysis==

===The Heavens and the Earth===

Any accounting of the cosmology of the Qur'an must begin with the fact that the Islamic universe is extremely small and simple. It consists entirely of two (and only two) components; the [[heaven]]s and the earth.

There is no recognition of any of the other features of the universe that modern peoples take for granted. There is no concept of solar systems, of galaxies, or of “space.” There is no hint that the earth is a planet like the other planets visible from it, or that stars are other suns, just very far away. Qur'anic cosmology is primarily limited to that which is visible to the naked eye, and where the authors attempt describe what is not actually visible, they are invariably wrong.

The fundamental status of the “heavens and the earth” as the two key components of [[creation]] is emphasized repeatedly in the Qur'an, and it is the “separation” of the two that stands as the initial creative act of [[Allah]].

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|30}}|Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of creation), before we clove them asunder? We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?}}

The exclusivity of these two venues is also repeatedly stressed. There is (for example) no third place within which things might exist or conversations might take place. Whenever the authors of the Qur'an want to make a point concerning Allah’s omniscience, for example, the phrase “in heaven or on earth” is invariably used as shorthand for the entire universe.

{{Quote|{{Quran|14|38}}|O our Lord! truly Thou dost know what we conceal and what we reveal: for nothing whatever is hidden from Allah, whether on earth or in heaven.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|4}}|Say: "My Lord knoweth (every) word (spoken) in the heavens and on earth: He is the One that heareth and knoweth (all things).}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|22|70}}|Knowest thou not that Allah knows all that is in heaven and on earth? Indeed it is all in a Record, and that is easy for Allah.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|31|26}}|To Allah belong all things in heaven and earth: verily Allah is He (that is) free of all wants, worthy of all praise.}}

The “heavens and the earth” are also described as a sort of “container” within which the entire Universe (that man experiences) operates. There is only heaven, earth, and the things between them.

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|16}}|Not for (idle) sport did We create the heavens and the earth and all that is between!}}

Not surprisingly, the nature of this space “between the heavens and the earth” is described according to the straightforward (if false) perception of a human standing on the ground. Looking in all directions, the Earth appears to be basically flat, and the circular horizon gives the impression of standing at the center of a flat disc. Looking up, the sky (heaven) appears as a solid blue dome reaching its greatest height directly overhead, and anchored at or beyond the horizon. This is essentially (as we will discuss in detail) what we find in the Qur'an.

Additionally, the Qur'an is clear that when Allah created the heavens and the earth, the earth came first.

{{Quote|{{cite quran|41|9|end=11|style=ref}}|Say (O Muhammad, unto the idolaters): Disbelieve ye verily in Him Who created the earth in two Days, and ascribe ye unto Him rivals? He (and none else) is the Lord of the Worlds. He placed therein firm hills rising above it, and blessed it and measured therein its sustenance in four Days, alike for (all) who ask; Then turned He to the heaven when it was smoke, and said unto it and unto the earth: Come both of you, willingly or loth. They said: We come, obedient.}}

And

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|29}}|He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth. Then turned He to the heaven, and fashioned it as seven heavens. And He is knower of all things.}}

So there we have the basic framework. The earth is a flat disc, and the heavens are a solid dome (actually seven solid domes) overhead. For a look at more of the details, let us first consider the heavens.

===The Heavens and their Denizens===

As seen from the earth, the dome of the innermost heaven extends overhead, although in actuality they are more correctly described as seven concentric domes with the disk of the earth at their base.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|29}}|It is He Who hath created for you all things that are on earth; Moreover His design comprehended the heavens, for He gave order and perfection to the seven firmaments; and of all things He hath perfect knowledge.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|41|12}}|So He completed them as seven firmaments in two Days, and He assigned to each heaven its duty and command.}}

These seven heavens are solid objects; this can be shown in several ways. For starters, they stand as barriers that both protect (as does a roof) and contain.

The protective nature of this roof is shown in verses such as:

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|32}}|And We have made the heavens as a canopy well guarded: yet do they turn away from the Signs which these things (point to)!}}

And the fact that they are solid is shown by references to pieces of the heavens falling and potentially injuring residents of the earth.

{{Quote|{{Quran|34|9}}|See they not what is before them and behind them, of the sky and the earth? If We wished, We could cause the earth to swallow them up, or cause a piece of the sky to fall upon them. Verily in this is a Sign for every devotee that turns to Allah (in repentance).}}

In fact, they are so substantial that it is even conceivable to climb up onto them using a ladder.

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|35}}|If their spurning is hard on thy mind, yet if thou wert able to seek a tunnel in the ground or a ladder to the skies and bring them a sign,- (what good?).}}

And finally, the heavens are apparently heavy enough to require physical supports of some sort. Contrary to some claims, the Qur'an acknowledges that such supports are required, but also explains that they are invisible.

{{Quote|{{Quran|13|2}}|Allah is He Who raised the heavens without any pillars that ye can see; is firmly established on the throne (of authority); He has subjected the sun and the moon (to his Law)! Each one runs (its course) for a term appointed. He doth regulate all affairs, explaining the signs in detail, that ye may believe with certainty in the meeting with your Lord.}}

The authors here take it as obvious that the heavens require support of some kind. But their emphasis is on their invisibility, not their actual absence.

To further expound on the nature of the seven heavens, we need additional help from the [[hadith]]. Here we learn the distances between each heaven, as well as what is on the other side of the furthermost.

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|2|475}}|Narrated Al-Abbas ibn AbdulMuttalib: I was sitting in al-Batha with a company among whom the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) was sitting, when a cloud passed above them. The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) looked at it and said: What do you call this?

They said: Sahab.

He said: And muzn? They said: And muzn. He said: And anan? They said: And anan. AbuDawud said: I am not quite confident about the word anan. He asked: Do you know the distance between Heaven and Earth? They replied: We do not know. He then said: The distance between them is seventy-one, seventy-two, or seventy-three years. The heaven which is above it is at a similar distance (going on till he counted seven heavens). Above the seventh heaven there is a sea, the distance between whose surface and bottom is like that between one heaven and the next. Above that there are eight mountain goats the distance between whose hoofs and haunches is like the distance between one heaven and the next. Then Allah, the Blessed and the Exalted, is above that.}}

Ignoring the giant mountain goats which are never mentioned in the Qur'an itself, the outermost heaven lies beneath a sea that is as deep as the distances between adjacent heavens. That Allah’s “throne” is above such waters is mentioned in the Qur'an as well as the hadith.

{{Quote|{{Quran|11|7}}|He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six Days - and His Throne was over the waters - that He might try you, which of you is best in conduct. But if thou wert to say to them, "Ye shall indeed be raised up after death", the Unbelievers would be sure to say, "This is nothing but obvious sorcery!"}}

There are however no mentions of galaxies, quasars, galaxy clusters or empty space. Simply water, a throne, and Allah himself.

Additional details concerning the individual heavens are found in the accounts of Muhammad’s “night journey.” Rather than quoting at length, readers are referred to {{Bukhari|9|93|68}} for the long version. But here are the key points.

Each of the seven heavens is populated by multiple angels and a few other folks as well. These heavens are entered through doors in the solid domes, each with an angelic guard and each populated by a resident prophet. For example, immediately above the dome of the first heaven is where Muhammad met Adam, and discovered (in the absence of true geographic knowledge) the sources of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The second heaven is the home of the Prophet Idris. Aaron is in the fourth heaven, Abraham the sixth, and Moses the seventh.

===The Celestial Objects===
Inside the nearest heaven (i.e. less than 73 years away) are the stars and (apparently) also the sun and [[moon]]. We can be certain that the stars are inside this closest heaven, as the Qur'an is quite explicit on this point.

{{Quote|{{Quran|37|6}}|We have indeed decked the lower heaven with beauty (in) the stars.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|41|12}}|So He completed them as seven firmaments in two Days, and He assigned to each heaven its duty and command. And We adorned the lower heaven with lights, and (provided it) with guard. Such is the Decree of (Him) the Exalted in Might, Full of Knowledge.}}

The idea that the stars might actually be objects on the scale of the sun, but much farther away was clearly missed by the authors of the Qur'an.

===The Sun and the Moon===

The sun and moon are a bit more ambiguous, as all we know is that they are in the “midst” of the heavens, and not explicitly inside the lowest of them.

{{Quote|{{Quran|71|16}}|And made the moon a light in their midst, and made the sun as a (Glorious) Lamp?}}

These two lights (along with the stars and planets) follow prescribed paths along the curved walls of the solid heavenly domes.

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|33}}|It is He Who created the Night and the Day, and the sun and the moon: all (the celestial bodies) swim along, each in its rounded course.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|36|40}}|It is not permitted to the Sun to catch up the Moon, nor can the Night outstrip the Day: Each (just) swims along in (its own) orbit (according to Law).}}

And at the end of their daily paths across the sky, the sun (and presumably also the moon and stars) pass through the earth’s flat disk near the far Western edge using openings filled with water.

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|86}}|Until, when he reached the setting of the sun, he found it set in a spring of murky water: Near it he found a People: We said: "O Zul-qarnain! (thou hast authority,) either to punish them, or to treat them with kindness."}}

Once out of view of the humans that populate the top of the earthly disc, their motion stops, and they rest for the night in particular resting places.

{{Quote|{{Quran|36|38}}|And the sun runneth on unto a resting-place for him. That is the measuring of the Mighty, the Wise.}}

At some point during the night, however (and here again we call to the hadith for details) the sun must negotiate its return the next day with a direct appeal for Allah’s permission.

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|421}}|Narrated Abu Dhar:

The Prophet asked me at sunset, "Do you know where the sun goes (at the time of sunset)?" I replied, "Allah and His Apostle know better." He said, "It goes (i.e. travels) till it prostrates Itself underneath the Throne and takes the permission to rise again, and it is permitted and then (a time will come when) it will be about to prostrate itself but its prostration will not be accepted, and it will ask permission to go on its course but it will not be permitted, but it will be ordered to return whence it has come and so it will rise in the west.}}

And that is the interpretation of the Statement of Allah:

{{Quote|{{Quran|36|38}}|And the sun Runs its fixed course For a term (decreed). that is The Decree of (Allah) The Exalted in Might, The All-Knowing.}}

With permission to rise received, the sun passes back through the earthly disk near its Eastern edge to commence the next day. While no “muddy pools” are specifically mentioned for the sunrise, the description of people living nearby the exit point mirrors the description of the [[Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring|place where the sun set]].

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|90}}|Until, when he came to the rising of the sun, he found it rising on a people for whom We had provided no covering protection against the sun.}}

===Eclipses of the Sun or Moon===

The Qur'an demonstrates no understanding whatsoever of eclipses. Perhaps this is understandable. The hadith claim that Muhammad only experienced one solar eclipse during his lifetime, an experience which frightened him into a spectacular act of piety. But the Qur'an only makes a single reference to eclipses, and that is a lunar eclipse that will take place at the end of the world.

In fact, the Qur'an actually makes a statement that would conceivably make eclipses impossible.

{{Quote|{{Quran|36|40}}|It is not permitted to the Sun to catch up the Moon, nor can the Night outstrip the Day: Each (just) swims along in (its own) orbit (according to Law).}}

For a solar eclipse to occur however, the sun and the moon actually must (from the perspective of the earth) "catch up" to each other in their "orbits." But since the moon itself is not visible at that time, the authors of the Qur'an never noticed this.

But then, when discussing the end of time the Qur'an assumes that a lunar eclipse (which can only occur when the sun and moon are on opposite sides of the earth) can occur at the same time the sun and moon finally do “catch up” to each other.

{{Quote|{{cite quran|75|6|end=9|style=ref}}|He asketh: “When will be this Day of Resurrection?” But when sight is confounded And the moon is eclipsed And sun and moon are united,}}

The “uniting” of the sun and the moon not only demonstrate a singular instance when they do “catch up” with each other, but also indicate that the authors of the Qur'an believed they were comparable in size. This is of course only an illusion of comparative distance.

===Night and Day===

The fact that the authors of the Qur'an did not realize that the sun and moon actually cause eclipses (as opposed to simply experiencing them) is similar to their failure to realize that the sun actually causes day and night. In the Qur'an, night is not simply the absence of day. Night and day are each specific, tangible creations of Allah, and they engage in a form of balanced conflict independent of the celestial bodies.

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|27}}|Thou causest the night to gain on the day, and thou causest the day to gain on the night; Thou bringest the Living out of the dead, and Thou bringest the dead out of the Living; and Thou givest sustenance to whom Thou pleasest, without measure.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|190}}|Behold! in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and day,- there are indeed Signs for men of understanding.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|13|3}}|He draweth the night as a veil o'er the Day. Behold, verily in these things there are signs for those who consider!}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|22|61}}|That is because Allah merges night into day, and He merges day into night, and verily it is Allah Who hears and sees (all things).}}

Day and night are clearly entities independent from the sun, moon or any other celestial objects. Even when considered in the same verse, night and day are independent of the sun, with no recognition that the sun causes either of them.

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|54}}|Your Guardian-Lord is Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth in six days, and is firmly established on the throne (of authority): He draweth the night as a veil o'er the day, each seeking the other in rapid succession: He created the sun, the moon, and the stars, (all) governed by laws under His command. Is it not His to create and to govern? Blessed be Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the worlds!}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|14|33}}|And He hath made subject to you the sun and the moon, both diligently pursuing their courses; and the night and the day hath he (also) made subject to you.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|33}}|It is He Who created the Night and the Day, and the sun and the moon: all (the celestial bodies) swim along, each in its rounded course.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|31|29}}|’Seest thou not that Allah merges Night into Day and he merges Day into Night; that He has subjected the sun, and the moon (to his Law), each running its course for a term appointed; and that Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do?}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|39|5}}|He created the heavens and the earth in true (proportions): He makes the Night overlap the Day, and the Day overlap the Night: He has subjected the sun and the moon (to His law): Each one follows a course for a time appointed. Is not He the Exalted in Power - He Who forgives again and again?}}

So, if the sun does not cause day and night, what is its purpose other than merely being the brighter of the two major celestial lamps?

Well, it turns out that the purpose of these objects is primarily time and calendar keeping.

{{Quote|{{Quran|6|96}}|He it is that cleaveth the day-break (from the dark): He makes the night for rest and tranquillity, and the sun and moon for the reckoning (of time): Such is the judgment and ordering of (Him), the Exalted in Power, the Omniscient.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|10|5}}|It is He Who made the sun to be a shining glory and the moon to be a light (of beauty), and measured out stages for her; that ye might know the number of years and the count (of time). Nowise did Allah create this but in truth and righteousness. (Thus) doth He explain His Signs in detail, for those who understand.}}

===The Stars, Planets and Meteors===

It is not obvious from the [[Mistranslated Verses|translations]] of the Qur'an that the authors of the Qur'an actually distinguished between stars and planets, as the same word is often translated to mean either. But as ancient peoples generally knew that planets were different from ordinary stars (they moved) it is a safe assumption that the earliest Muslims were equally aware.

But the mistaken (if understandable) belief that stars are very small nearby objects is not merely reflected in the placement of them inside the nearest dome. As with most other ancient people, the authors of the Qur'an believed that meteors literally were “falling stars.” Yet with the unmistakable flavor of Arab martial creativity, they do not fall without purpose. [[Mistranslations of Quran 67-5|Verse 67:5]] tells us they are weapons against devils and jinn.

{{Quote|{{Quran|67|5}}|And we have, (from of old), adorned the lowest heaven with Lamps, and We have made such (Lamps) (as) missiles to drive away the Evil Ones, and have prepared for them the Penalty of the Blazing Fire.}}

This appears to be part of the protective role of the heavens.

{{Quote|{{Quran|72|8}}|And (the Jinn who had listened to the Quran said): We had sought the heaven but had found it filled with strong warders and meteors.}}

===The Earth and its Denizens===

The authors of the Qur'an felt a lesser need to describe the nature of the earth than the heavens, since much of the earth’s nature was obvious to the people that lived upon it. There was simply much less to explain. But the descriptions that do exist provide us with unassailable conclusions.

First and foremost, the earth is flat. Repeatedly, the authors of the Qur'an use the same word to describe the “spreading out” of the earth that Arabs used to discuss the spreading out of a “carpet,” a usage that translators often make use of.

{{Quote|{{Quran|15|19}}|And the earth We have spread out (like a carpet); set thereon mountains firm and immovable; and produced therein all kinds of things in due balance.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|20|53}}|"He Who has, made for you the earth like a carpet spread out; has enabled you to go about therein by roads (and channels); and has sent down water from the sky." With it have We produced diverse pairs of plants each separate from the others.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|43|10}}|(Yea, the same that) has made for you the earth (like a carpet) spread out, and has made for you roads (and channels) therein, in order that ye may find guidance (on the way);}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|50|7}}|And the earth- We have spread it out, and set thereon mountains standing firm, and produced therein every kind of beautiful growth (in pairs)-}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|51|48}}|And We have spread out the (spacious) earth: How excellently We do spread out!}}

In fact, at one point the Qur'an even emphasizes how much flatter the earth would be were it not for the mountains that disrupt the view.

{{Quote|{{Quran|18|47}}|One Day We shall remove the mountains, and thou wilt see the earth as a level stretch, and We shall gather them, all together, nor shall We leave out any one of them.}}

And in the same way one would stake down a tent or a carpet to keep it from shifting or blowing away, the mountains are described as serving [[The Quran and Mountains|this same purpose]].

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|15}}|And He has set up on the earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with you; and rivers and roads; that ye may guide yourselves;}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|78|7}}|And the mountains as pegs?}}

Perhaps the one unclear facet of Islamic cosmology is the fact that the Qur'an mentions without explanation that there are (like the heavens), [[Science and the Seven Earths|seven earths]]:

{{Quote|{{Quran|65|12}}|Allah is He Who created seven Firmaments and of the earth a similar number. Through the midst of them (all) descends His Command: that ye may know that Allah has power over all things, and that Allah comprehends, all things in (His) Knowledge.}}

The seven concentric domes of the heavens are fairly straightforward. The seven different earths are a bit more difficult to picture. One hint is given by the Qur'ans mention that in the same way “things” can “come down from” or “mount up to” the heavens, there are also things that can “come forth out of” or “enter within” the earth.

{{Quote|{{Quran|57|4}}|He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in Six Days, and is moreover firmly established on the Throne (of Authority). He knows what enters within the earth and what comes forth out of it, what comes down from heaven and what mounts up to it. And He is with you wheresoever ye may be. And Allah sees well all that ye do.}}

This leads to the conclusion that the seven earths are stacked one atop the other, similar to a stack of coins. This view is confirmed in the hadith:

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.oocities.org/tirmidhihadith/page8.html|2=2014-01-07}} Al Tirmidhi 5735]|2=Narrated AbuHurayrah:

While Allah's Prophet (peace be upon him) and his companions were sitting clouds came over them and Allah's Prophet (peace be upon him) asked [...] "Do you know what is below you?" On their replying that Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him) knew best, he said, "It is the earth." He then asked, "Do you know what is under that?" On their replying that Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him) knew best, he said, "Under it there is another Earth with a journey of five hundred years between them," and so on till he had counted seven earths with a journey of five hundred years between each pair. He then said, "By Him in Whose hand Muhammad's soul is, if you were to drop a rope to the lowest earth it would not pass out of Allah's knowledge."...}}

===Where are Paradise and Hell?===

Islamic cosmology takes a perfectly prosaic position in terms of Paradise and [[Hell]], and places them firmly within the cosmos that consists of the heavens and the earth. The description of Muhammad’s “night journey” shows each of the seven heavens already populated with the departed prophets in Paradise. This is consistent with the Qur'ans description of the size of Paradise.

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|133}}|Be quick in the race for forgiveness from your Lord, and for a Garden whose width is that (of the whole) of the heavens and of the earth, prepared for the righteous,-}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|57|21}}|Be ye foremost (in seeking) Forgiveness from your Lord, and a Garden (of Bliss), the width whereof is as the width of heaven and earth, prepared for those who believe in Allah and His messengers: that is the Grace of Allah, which He bestows on whom he pleases: and Allah is the Lord of Grace abounding.}}

If the heavens (to include the seventh and largest) are already populated with denizens of Paradise, the width of Paradise would be precisely that of heaven and earth.

And since Paradise is on the other side of the first heaven, it follows that Hell is below the surface of the first earth, filling the spaces beneath and between the seven earths. This is consistent with the descriptions of hell as being a completely enclosed place.

{{Quote|{{Quran|7|41}}|For them there is Hell, as a couch (below) and folds and folds of covering above: such is Our requital of those who do wrong.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|49}}|Among them is (many) a man who says: "Grant me exemption and draw me not into trial." Have they not fallen into trial already? and indeed Hell surrounds the Unbelievers (on all sides).}}

Further, the direction of hell, when it is mentioned, is invariably “down.”''

{{Quote|{{Quran|52|13}}|That Day shall they be thrust down to the Fire of Hell, irresistibly.}}

Elsewhere, it is described as an underground dungeon.

{{Quote|{{Quran|17|8}}|It may be that your Lord will have mercy on you, but if ye repeat (the crime) We shall repeat (the punishment), and We have appointed hell a dungeon for the disbelievers.}}

And in yet another reference, an observer is directed to “look down” in order to witness a denizen of hell.

{{Quote|{{cite quran|37|54|end=55|style=ref}}|(A voice) said: "Would ye like to look down?"
He looked down and saw him in the midst of the Fire.}}

And so, we have the Islamic Universe in completion.

==Conclusion==

The Qur'an is not a book of [[Islam and Science|science]]. As such, it makes no extended effort to describe the cosmos in the way a textbook might. Yet dealing as it does with universal questions of creation, purpose and fate it cannot avoid revealing its cosmological framework as it describes the workings of Allah.

In so doing, while it never comes out and says “this is the form of the universe,” a consistent and comprehensive cosmology still reveals itself. And to no surprise, this proves to be the mythical cosmos of 7th century Arabia rather than an accurate description of the real universe.

In the Qur'an, the entire universe is very small and contains simply the earth and its surrounding heavens. There are no galaxies, other solar systems, or such a thing as “outer space.”

The earth is the top-most of seven, flat discs, surrounded by the seven solid concentric domes of the heavens. The celestial objects that do exist (sun, moon, stars and planets) are quite small, very close, and they follow semi-circular paths within the innermost of the seven heavenly domes. When they are not in the sky above the earth, they are resting somewhere underneath it, except while petitioning Allah’s permission to return the following day (or night). Paradise exists between the seven heavens, and hell exists between the seven earths.

All of this is submerged in a cosmic sea, above which is the throne of Allah.

{{Core Science}}

==See Also==

{{Hub4|Cosmology|Cosmology}}
* [[Qur'an Explains the Universe]] - ''Muslim article''

{{Translation-links-english|[[Olamning Qurondagi manzarasi|Uzbek]]}}

[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Islam and Science]]
[[Category:Miracles]]
[[Category:THHuxley]]
[[ru:Коранический_взгляд_на_Вселенную]]
{{page_title|Cosmology of the Qur'an}}

Talk:Not All Muslims Are Terrorists

2016-01-30T02:01:15Z

Axius:

The article says, "The martyr can plea to Allah (once he arrives in Paradise) on behalf of up to seventy of his relatives to get them a ticket to Paradise." The same sentence occurs on multiple websites, but I cannot find a source supporting it. Most of the sites have a dead link at the end of the paragraph.<ref>https://feeds.feedburner.com/CitizenWarrior</ref><ref>http://www.dailyunconstitutional.com/answers-to-objections-when-you-talk-about-islam-part-6-3033/</ref><ref>http://www.citizenwarrior.com/2009/03/not-all-muslims-are-terrorists.html</ref><ref>http://nocompulsion.com/answers-to-objections-when-you-talk-about-islam/</ref><ref>http://solsticewitch13.blogspot.com/2016/01/not-all-muslims-are-terrorists.html</ref> WikiIslam has a working link, but it does not appear to say what the sentence says. I have tried to add a "citation needed" tag, but that page doesn't exist on WikiIslam. Please advise?[[User:Curious|Curious]] ([[User talk:Curious|talk]]) 22:32, 27 January 2016 (EST)
:I havent looked into this in much detail but is this the ref you're looking for? If so, please add the ref to the page too (the full text, just like its used in the page I linked). [https://wikiislam.net/wiki/72_Virgins#cite_note-alMiqdaam-32] --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 06:53, 28 January 2016 (EST)
Thanks - I followed your link, and found the hadith quotation. Copying that into search engines yielded many sources (including <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=6hQb4as83J0C&lpg=PA203&ots=bxIO430Jtb&dq=%22The%20martyr%22%20%22will%20be%20permitted%20to%20intercede%20for%20seventy%20of%20his%20relatives.%22&pg=PA203#v=onepage&q=%22The%20martyr%22%20%22will%20be%20permitted%20to%20intercede%20for%20seventy%20of%20his%20relatives.%22&f=false</ref> <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=VGXMBQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA63&ots=wH9idQ-gFr&dq=%22The%20martyr%22%20%22will%20be%20permitted%20to%20intercede%20for%20seventy%20of%20his%20relatives.%22&pg=PA63#v=onepage&q=%22The%20martyr%22%20%22will%20be%20permitted%20to%20intercede%20for%20seventy%20of%20his%20relatives.%22&f=false</ref> and <ref>http://www.hadithanswers.com/the-six-bounties-of-a-martyr-shahid/</ref> <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=dpODBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT326&lpg=PT326&dq=%22The+martyr%22+%22seventy+of+his+relatives.%22&source=bl&ots=WRbu5S4VhT&sig=14y4FR8kK1iElkt8FW5EGWnPvjI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwin_p220s3KAhVBzGMKHRU-Ar0Q6AEILTAE#v=onepage&q=%22The%20martyr%22%20%22seventy%20of%20his%20relatives.%22&f=false</ref>) I suggest someone with editing privileges should add these or other source links to the article sentence about relatives. Most of the discussions about that particular hadith seem to focus on the 70 whores (sp?), which might motivate lone gunmen, but plenty of other religions can produce lone gunmen. A doctrine that can motivate a conspiracy of up to 70 related accessories (before and after the fact) to support attacks is much more difficult to deal with using western legal standards.[[User:Curious|Curious]] ([[User talk:Curious|talk]]) 22:32, 28 January 2016 (EST)
:This is nice but it doesnt quote the relevant full texts, which we should do when the issue is controversial (likely to be contested). Is it the same text as I linked?
:As for your additional other than the ref itself, we cant do that since its an essay by "Citizen Warrior" so we cant make major changes to it that could be attributed to the original author. Best to just give a ref to the existed statements. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 21:01, 29 January 2016 (EST)

Scientific Errors in the Quran

2016-01-30T01:57:50Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 197.35.34.22 (talk) to last revision by Axius

Contradictions in the Hadith

2016-01-30T01:57:23Z

Axius: /* Who was Dajjal? */ valid point raised by anon IP 97.103.9.76. Thank you. I checked and it looks like a valid claim. Al-J and Dajjal seem to be different.

This page deals with contradictions in the [[Hadith]].

===Did Muhammad see Allah?===

No

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|4|159}}|
Narrated Masruq:
'Aisha said, "If anyone tells you that Muhammad has seen his Lord, he is a liar, for Allah says: 'No vision can grasp Him.' (6.103) And if anyone tells you that Muhammad has seen the Unseen, he is a liar, for Allah says: 'None has the knowledge of the Unseen but Allah.'"}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|334}}|
It is narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he (the Holy Prophet) saw (Allah) with, his heart}}

===Wudhu===

You should wash once
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|4|159}}|
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:
The Prophet performed ablution by washing the body parts only once.}}

You should wash twice
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|4|160}}|
Narrated 'Abdullah bin Zaid:
The Prophet performed ablution by washing the body parts twice.}}

You should wash thrice
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|4|161}}| Narrated Humran:
(the slave of 'Uthman) I saw 'Uthman bin 'Affan asking for a tumbler of water (and when it was brought) he poured water over his hands and washed them thrice and then put his right hand in the water container and rinsed his mouth, washed his nose by putting water in it and then blowing it out. then he washed his face and forearrlns up to the elbows thrice, passed his wet hands over his head and washed his feet up to the ankles thrice. Then he said, "Allah's Apostle said 'If anyone Performs ablution like that of mine and offers a two-rak'at prayer during which he does not think of anything else (not related to the present prayer) then his past sins will be forgiven.' " After performing the ablution 'Uthman said, "I am going to tell you a Hadith which I would not have told you, had I not been compelled by a certain Holy Verse (the sub narrator 'Urwa said: This verse is: "Verily, those who conceal the clear signs and the guidance which we have sent down...)" (2:159). I heard the Prophet saying, 'If a man performs ablution perfectly and then offers the compulsory congregational prayer, Allah will forgive his sins committed between that (prayer) and the (next) prayer till he offers it. }}

===Do evil omens exist?===

No.

{{Quote|{{Muslim|26|5508}}|
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: There is
no transitive disease, no evil omen, no safar, no hama…}}

Yes

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|71|666}}|
Narrated 'Abdullah bin Umar: Allah's Messenger said, "there is neither 'Adha nor Tiyara,
and an evil omen is only in three: a horse, a woman and a house."}}

===Protection from Dajjal===

The first ten al-Kahf verses

{{Quote|{{Muslim|4|1766}}|
Abu Darda' reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: If anyone learns by heart the first ten verses of the Surah al-Kahf, he will be protected from the Dajja }}

Or the end al-Kahf?

{{Quote|{{Muslim|4|1767}}|
This hadith has been transmitted by Qatada with the same chain of transmitters. But Shu'ba (one of the narrators) said: At the end of Surah al-Kahf, but Hammam said: At the beginning of Surah al-Kahf.}}

=== Two rak'ats after Asr===

It's recommended to offer two rak'ats

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|10|566}}|
Narrated ‘Aisha:
Allah’s Messenger never missed two Rakat before the Fajr prayer and after the Asr
prayer openly and secretly}}

It's forbidden to offer two rak'ats

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|10|566}}|
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah’s Messenger forbade the offering of two prayers:
1. after the morning prayer till the sunrises.
2. after the ‘Asr prayer till the sun sets. }}

===Dajjal blind in which eye?===

Right eye

{{Quote|{{Muslim|41|7005}}|
Ibn Umar reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). made a mention of Dajjil in the presence of the people and said: Allah is not one-eyed and behold that Dajjal is blind of the right eye and his eye would be like a floating grape.}}

Left eye

{{Quote|{{Muslim|41|7010}}|
Hudhalfa reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Dajjal is blind of left eye with thick hair and there would be a garden and fire with him and his fire would be a garden and his garden would be fire.}}

===Standing while drinking something===

Forbidden

{{Quote|{{Muslim|23|5017}}|
Anas reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) disapproved the drinking of water while standing.}}

Recommended

{{Quote|{{Muslim|23|5023}}|
Ibn Abbas reported: I served. (water of) Zamzam to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and he drank it while standing.}}

===How long was Muhammad in Mecca for?===

Ten years

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|72|787}}|
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
The Prophet was neither conspicuously tall, nor short; neither, very white, nor tawny.
His hair was neither much curled, nor very straight. Allah sent him (as an Messenger)
at the age of forty (and after that) he stayed for ten years in Makkah, and for ten
more years in Medina. Allah took him unto Him at the age of sixty, and he scarcely had
ten white hairs on his head and in his beard}}

Thirteen years

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|58|242}}|
Narrated Ibn Abbas:
Allah's Messenger started receiving the Divine Inspiration at the age of forty. Then he
stayed in Makkah for thirteen years, receiving the Divine Revelation. Then he was
ordered to migrate and he lived as an Emigrant for ten years and then died at the age
of sixty-three (years).}}

Fifteen years

{{Quote|{{Muslim|30|5809}}|
Ibn 'Abbas reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) stayed in Makkah
for fifteen years (after his advent as a Prophet) and he heard the voice of Gabriel and
saw his radiance for seven years but did not see any visible form, and then received
revelation for ten years, and he stayed in Medina for ten years.}}

===Gold and Silver===

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|34|344}}|
Narrated 'Umar bin Al-Khattab: Allah's Messenger said, "The bartering of gold for
silver is Riba (usury), except if it is from hand to hand and equal in amount}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|6|60|434}}|
Narrated Abdur-Rahman bin Abu Bakra: that his father said, "The Prophet forbade
the selling of gold for gold and silver for silver except if they are equivalent in
weight, and allowed us to sell gold for silver and vice versa as we
wished.}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|6|60|434}}|
Narrated Abu Bakra: Allah's Messenger said, "Don't sell gold for gold unless equal in
weight, nor silver for silver unless equal in weight, but you could sell gold for silver
or silver for gold as you like."}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|30|5809}}|
Ubida b. al-Simit (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (peace be
upon him) as saying: [u]Gold is to be paid for by gold, silver by silver }}

===Who collected the Quran?===

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|6|61|525}}|
Narrated Qatada: I asked Anas bin Malik: Who collected the Qur'an at the time of the
Prophet ? He replied, Four, all of whom were from the Ansar, '''Ubai bin Ka'b, Muadh bin Jabal, Zaid bin Thabit and Abu Zaid'''.}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|6|61|526}}|
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
When the Prophet died, none had collected the Qur'an but four persons: '''Abu Ad Darda, Mu'adh bin Jabal, Zaid bin Thabit and Abu Zaid'''. We were the inheritor (of Abu
Zaid) as he had no offspring .}}

=== Prayer===
25 times or 27 times superior?
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|11|618}}| Narrated 'Abdullah bin Umar: Allah's Apostle said, "The prayer in congregation is twenty seven times superior to the prayer offered by person alone." }}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|11|619}}| Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri: The Prophet said, "The prayer in congregation is twenty five times superior to the prayer offered by person alone. }}

===Others===

*A Hadith recorded by Bukhari and Abu Dawud suggests that drawing blood violates one's [[fasting|fast]], while another Hadith recorded by the same scholars suggests Muhammad had his blood drawn while fasting.<ref name="nineteeners">Quranic.org, [http://www.quranic.org/quran_article/7/contradictory_hadiths.htm Contradictory Hadiths]</ref>

*Hanbal recorded a Hadith where Muhammad forbid the people to face towards the Qibla while relieving themselves, while Bukhari recorded the opposite, that Muhammad had his own toilet point towards the Qiblah in order to discourage superstition.<ref name="nineteeners"/>

*Ibn Kutayba wrote a book dealing solely with contradictory Hadith, such as one in which Muhammad kissed his wives while fasting, and one in which he answered a query by stating that kissing one's wife violated a fast.<ref name="nineteeners"/>

*Although Bukhari records a Hadith where Muhammad urinated while standing, Sunneni Nesei stated that "if someone says to you that the Prophet urinated standing, do not believe him".<ref name="nineteeners"/>

*Abu Dawud recorded two Hadith, one in which the speaker says he saw the Prophet standing and drinking water "like you and me", and another in which he forbids drinking water while standing upright.<ref name="nineteeners"/>

*Hadith states that Muhammad had forbidden people to perform marriages, or seek spouses, while performing the [[Hajj]]. Yet he is believed to have married Maymuna bint al-Harith while performing the pilgrimage himself.<ref name="nineteeners"/>

*While Tahzibut Tazhib records that Muhammad ordered his followers to cover their calves as they were a part of their genitals, Hanbal recorded that Umar and Muhammad were both reclining with their calves uncovered when Abu Bakr requested entrance to their domicile, and was granted access and that they did not cover themselves.<ref name="nineteeners"/>

{{Core Scripture}}
==See Also==

{{Hub4|Hadith|Hadith}}
{{Hub4|Contradictions and Errors|Contradictions and Errors}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Inconsistencies]]

Talk:Islamic Fasting and Health

2016-01-30T01:51:44Z

Axius: Undo revision 113803 by 37.203.119.190 (talk) - Yes, only if anyone can find any reliable scientific sources saying that Islamic fasting does more good than harm

==Reliable Evidence Needed?==
Most of the evidence provided is from news paper articles. Not very scientific is it? —The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:77.96.134.123|77.96.134.123]] ([[User talk:77.96.134.123|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/77.96.134.123|contribs]]) {{#if:16:27, 5 August 2012| on 16:27, 5 August 2012|}} 

:Why do Muslim apologists tell/write blatant lies when evidence to the contrary is right there for everyone to see... not very clever is it? As pointed out [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Talk:Rape_in_Islam#Misleading_reference_designation here] and in many other talk pages, your objections are so nonsensical that there couldn't be any purpose behind them other than to waste our editors time. Let's see (section by section) if your assertion that "most of the evidence provided is from news paper articles" is correct.

===Effects on Health===

:Direct quotes from a '''scientific study''' (Toda, Masahiro, Morimoto, Kanehisa - Ramadan Fasting - Effect on Healthy Muslims - Social Behavior and Personality, 2004)

===Migraines===

:News article quoting a '''scientific study''' headed by a ''Muslim'' neurologist (Dr. Ibrahim Abu-Salameh, Dr. Igal Plecht, Dr. Gal Ifergan, Soroka University Medical Center in Beersheba, published in the Journal of Headache and Pain)

===Tachycardia, severe headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and circulatory collapse===

:Direct quotes from a '''scientific study''' (Polish Journal of Occupational Medince 1991 4:3 219-28)

===Weight Fluctuation===

:Direct quotes from a '''scientific study''' (Toda, Masahiro, Morimoto, Kanehisa - Ramadan Fasting - Effect on Healthy Muslims - Social Behavior and Personality, 2004)

===Sleep disorders===

:Direct quotes from a '''scientific study''' (Ahmed BAHAMMAM/Sleep Disorders Center, Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)

===Daytime Drowsiness and Alertness===

:Direct quotes from '''scientific studies''' (Therapie 54:567-72) (Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2000 44:101-7)

===Affect on Circadian Patterns===

:Direct quotes from a '''scientific study''' ("Does Ramadan modify the Circadian Patterns?" - Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, March 2006, Vol. 52 Issue 1)

===Lactating women===

:Directly referenced to a '''scientific study''' ("The effect of Ramadan on maternal nutrition and composition of breast milk." Pg. 278-283, vol. 48 - Nutrition and Dietetics; Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey)

===Pregnancies===

:News article quoting a '''scientific study''' (Douglas Almond, of Columbia University, and Bhashkar Mazumder, of the Federal Research Bank of Chicago)

===Binge eating, headaches and increase in gastric acidity===

:This section features 3 news article quoting '''medical experts''' and statistics provided by a '''Medical Hospital''' (Dr. Muhammad Alabdooni, chairman of the Dutch Moroccan Physicians Association; Dr Manisha Phadke, dietitian based in Sharjah; Anjali Dange, dietitian at Welcare Hospital) (Hamad Medical Hospital).

===Irritability===

:Direct quotes from a '''scientific study''' (Psychosomatic Medicine 2000 Mar-Apr 62:2 280-5)

===Crime Rate===

:News article quoting a '''scientific study''' (Cairòs Institute of Social Sciences of the Arab World) There are 4 other news articles quoted in that section, all quoting '''reliable sources''' (e.g. Egypt's Ministry of the Interior; Madiaha El-Safty, a professor of psychology at the American University in Cairo; Sr. Comr. Muhammad Iriawan, Director of Jakarta Police’s General Crime Unit; Sjarief Mustafa, official of the Jakarta city administration)

===Child Trafficking===

:News article quoting a '''reliable source''' (Naseem Ur-Rahman, UNICEF)

===Disruption of Emergency Services===

:Directly referenced to a '''scientific study''' (Bener, A., Absood, G. H., Achan, N. V., & Sankaran-Kutty, M. (1992). Road traffic injuries in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates. The Journal of the Royal Society of Health, 112, 273-276.)

===Reduced Blood Donation===

:News article quoting a '''reliable source''' (Blood Transfusion Organization)

===Physical Exhaustion and Incapacitation===

:Directly referenced to a '''scientific study''' (International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 2000 Mar 51:125-34)

===Violence and Anti-Social Behavior Towards Non-Muslims===

Violence and anti-social behavior towards non-Muslims during Ramadan is so widespread and so widely reported, that it doesn't need a "scientific study" to be proven. It is an '''undeniable fact'''. We reference 11 news articles that note a rise in persecution and/or specific incidents all around the world during Ramadan to prove our point, and there is plenty more articles we could reference if we felt the need to (e.g. [http://www.asianews.it/news-en/In-Karachi,-11nurses-drink-tea-laced-with-poison-during-Ramadan-25430.html], [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://news.ph.msn.com/regional/indonesian-police-arrest-62-over-ramadan-bar-attack-3&date=2012-07-30], [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/south-asia/pak-police-assault-2-men-for-having-soft-drink_790510.html&date=2012-07-30])

===Economical Effects===

:News article quoting a '''scientific study''' (Cairòs Institute of Social Sciences of the Arab World) Several other news articles quoting '''reliable sources''' and/or '''experts''' (Hussam Ayesh, Economic analyst; Dr. Musa'ab Al-Zubair)

===Comments from Muslims and former Muslims===

:This section obviously does not need to quote scientific studies

===Conclusion===

:Your claim that "most of the evidence provided is from news paper articles" has been proven false. Most of the sections reference and quote directly from the conclusion of '''scientific studies'''. As for the news articles quoted here, most of them reference and describe the conclusions of '''scientific studies'''.

:You guys are your own worst enemies. Every time you make nonsensical objections to pages here, you only contribute to improving them (e.g. [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Frequently_Asked_Questions#Why_not_disallow_IP_edits_to_minimize_vandalism.3F here] and [http://wikiislam.net/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Cousteau_(Conversion_to_Islam)&diff=74331&oldid=72763 here]). I think I'll add finding the scientific studies referred to in some of them news sources onto our tasks list. Cheers.

Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Sexuality

2016-01-28T22:52:40Z

Axius: Undo revision 113789 by Sulaiman (talk) - "whom their right hands possess" = forced sex = rape. Please read Rape in Islam

{{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}}
== Sexual acts which necessitate Ghusl ==

The following narration does not exist in the English translations of Sahih Muslim, but a similar (but sanitized version) appears in: {{muslim|3|684}}

{{quote|1=[http://hadith.al-islam.com/Display/Display.asp?Doc=1&Rec=765 Sahih Muslim - Book of Menstruation - hadith #525]|2=
{{right|
و حدثني ‏ ‏زهير بن حرب ‏ ‏وأبو غسان المسمعي ‏ ‏ح ‏ ‏و حدثناه ‏ ‏محمد بن المثنى ‏ ‏وابن بشار ‏ ‏قالوا حدثنا ‏ ‏معاذ بن هشام ‏ ‏قال حدثني ‏ ‏أبي ‏ ‏عن ‏ ‏قتادة ‏ ‏ومطر ‏ ‏عن ‏ ‏الحسن ‏ ‏عن ‏ ‏أبي رافع ‏ ‏عن ‏ ‏أبي هريرة ‏
‏أن نبي الله ‏ ‏صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ ‏قال ‏ ‏إذا جلس بين ‏ ‏شعبها ‏ ‏الأربع ثم جهدها فقد وجب عليه الغسل ‏
‏وفي حديث ‏ ‏مطر ‏ ‏وإن لم ينزل ‏ ‏قال ‏ ‏زهير ‏ ‏من بينهم بين ‏ ‏أشعبها ‏ ‏الأربع ‏ ‏حدثنا ‏ ‏محمد بن عمرو بن عباد بن جبلة ‏ ‏حدثنا ‏ ‏محمد بن أبي عدي ‏ ‏ح ‏ ‏و حدثنا ‏ ‏محمد بن المثنى ‏ ‏حدثني ‏ ‏وهب بن جرير ‏ ‏كلاهما ‏ ‏عن ‏ ‏شعبة ‏ ‏عن ‏ ‏قتادة ‏ ‏بهذا الإسناد ‏ ‏مثله غير أن في حديث ‏ ‏شعبة ‏ ‏ثم اجتهد ولم يقل وإن لم ينزل ‏ }}

Narrated by Zuhair Ibn Harb, narrated by Ghasan Al-Masma’i, narrated by Muhammad Ibn Al-Mathny, narrated by Ibn Bashar, who said that it was narrated by Muath Ibn Hisham, narrated by Abu Qatada, narrated by Mattar, narrated by Al-Hassan, narrated by Abu Rab’i, narrated by Abu Huraira who said:

"The prophet – peace be upon him – said, ‘If one sits between a woman’s four parts (shu’biha Al-arba’) and then fatigues her, then it necessitates that he wash.’

In the hadith of Mattar it is added ‘even if he does not ejaculate (yunzil).’ Zuhair narrated among them using the phrase ‘Ashba’iha Al-arba’. It was also narrated by Muhammad Ibn Umar Ibn Ibad Ibn Jablah, narrated Muhammad Ibn Abi Uday, narrated by Muhammad Ibn Al-Mathny, narrated by Wahb Ibn Jarir who both related from Shu’bah who narrated from Qatada who gave this same chain of transmission, except that in the hadith of Shu’bah it has the phrase ‘then he labored’ but did not have the phrase ‘even if he does not ejaculate.’ }}

=== Commentary ===

{{quote|1=[http://hadith.al-islam.com/Display/Display.asp?Doc=1&Rec=765 Sahih Muslim - Book of Menstruation - hadith #525 - Commentary]|2=
{{right|
صحيح مسلم بشرح النووي
‏
‏قَوْله : ( أَبُو غَسَّان الْمِسْمَعِيّ ) ‏
‏هُوَ بِفَتْحِ الْغَيْن الْمُعْجَمَة وَتَشْدِيد السِّين الْمُهْمَلَة , وَيَجُوز صَرْفه وَتَرْكُ صَرْفه . وَالْمِسْمَعِيّ بِكَسْرِ الْمِيم الْأُولَى وَفَتْح الثَّانِي , وَاسْمه مَالِك بْن عَبْد الْوَاحِد , وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ بَيَانه مَرَّات , لَكِنِّي أُنَبِّه عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى مِثْله لِطُولِ الْعَهْد بِهِ , كَمَا شَرَطْتهُ فِي الْخُطْبَة . ‏

‏قَوْله : ( أَبُو رَافِع عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَة ) ‏
‏اِسْم أَبِي رَافِع : ( نُفَيْع ) وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَيْضًا . ‏
‏قَوْله صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( إِذَا قَعَدَ بَيْن شُعَبهَا الْأَرْبَع ثُمَّ جَهَدهَا ) ‏
‏وَفِي رِوَايَة ( أَشْعُبهَا ) اِخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاء فِي الْمُرَاد بِالشُّعَبِ الْأَرْبَع , فَقِيلَ : هِيَ الْيَدَانِ وَالرِّجْلَانِ , وَقِيلَ : الرِّجْلَانِ وَالْفَخِذَانِ , وَقِيلَ : الرِّجْلَانِ وَالشَّفْرَانِ , وَاخْتَارَ الْقَاضِي عِيَاض أَنَّ الْمُرَاد شُعَب الْفَرْج الْأَرْبَع , وَالشُّعَب النَّوَاحِي وَاحِدَتهَا شُعْبَة , وَأَمَّا مَنْ قَالَ : ( أَشْعُبِهَا ) , فَهُوَ جَمْع شُعَب . وَمَعْنَى ( جَهَدَهَا ) حَفَرَهَا كَذَا قَالَهُ الْخَطَّابِيُّ وَقَالَ غَيْره : بَلَغَ مَشَقَّتهَا , يُقَال : جَهِدْته وَأَجْهَدْته بَلَغْت مَشَقَّته , قَالَ الْقَاضِي عِيَاض رَحِمَهُ اللَّه تَعَالَى : الْأَوْلَى أَنْ يَكُون جَهَدَهَا بِمَعْنَى بَلَغَ جَهْده فِي الْعَمَل فِيهَا , وَالْجَهْد الطَّاقَة , وَهُوَ إِشَارَة إِلَى الْحَرَكَة وَتَمَكُّن صُورَة الْعَمَل , وَهُوَ نَحْو قَوْله مِنْ حَفَرَهَا أَيْ كَدّهَا بِحَرَكَتِهِ . وَإِلَّا فَأَيّ مَشَقَّة بَلَغَ بِهَا فِي ذَلِكَ . وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَم . وَمَعْنَى الْحَدِيث أَنَّ إِيجَاب الْغُسْل لَا يَتَوَقَّف عَلَى نُزُول الْمَنِيّ بَلْ مَتَى غَابَتْ الْحَشَفَة فِي الْفَرْج وَجَبَ الْغُسْل عَلَى الرَّجُل وَالْمَرْأَة , وَهَذَا لَا خِلَاف فِيهِ الْيَوْم , وَقَدْ كَانَ فِيهِ خِلَاف لِبَعْضِ الصَّحَابَة وَمَنْ بَعْدهمْ , ثُمَّ اِنْعَقَدَ الْإِجْمَاع عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ , وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ بَيَان هَذَا . قَالَ أَصْحَابنَا : وَلَوْ غَيَّبَ الْحَشَفَة فِي دُبُر اِمْرَأَة , أَوْ دُبُر رَجُل , أَوْ فَرْج بَهِيمَة , أَوْ دُبُرهَا , وَجَبَ الْغُسْل سَوَاء كَانَ الْمَوْلَج فِيهِ حَيًّا أَوْ مَيِّتًا , صَغِيرًا أَوْ كَبِيرًا , وَسَوَاء كَانَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ قَصْد أَمْ عَنْ نِسْيَان , وَسَوَاء كَانَ مُخْتَارًا أَوْ مُكْرَهًا , أَوْ اسْتَدْخَلَت الْمَرْأَة ذَكَرَهُ وَهُوَ نَائِم , وَسَوَاء اِنْتَشَرَ الذَّكَر أَمْ لَا , وَسَوَاء كَانَ مَخْتُونًا أَمْ أَغْلَف , فَيَجِب الْغُسْل فِي كُلّ هَذِهِ الصُّوَر عَلَى الْفَاعِل وَالْمَفْعُول بِهِ إِلَّا إِذَا كَانَ الْفَاعِل أَوْ الْمَفْعُول بِهِ صَبِيًّا أَوْ صَبِيَّة فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُقَال وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مُكَلَّفًا , وَلَكِنْ يُقَال صَارَ جُنُبًا فَإِنْ كَانَ مُمَيِّزًا وَجَبَ عَلَى الْوَلِيّ أَنْ يَأْمُرهُ بِالْغُسْلِ كَمَا يَأْمُرهُ بِالْوُضُوءِ , فَإِنْ صَلَّى مِنْ غَيْر غُسْلٍ لَمْ تَصِحّ صَلَاته , وَإِنْ لَمْ يَغْتَسِل حَتَّى بَلَغَ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْغُسْل , وَإِنْ اِغْتَسَلَ فِي الصِّبَى ثُمَّ بَلَغَ لَمْ يَلْزَمهُ إِعَادَة الْغُسْل . قَالَ أَصْحَابنَا : وَالِاعْتِبَار فِي الْجِمَاع بِتَغْيِيبِ الْحَشَفَة مِنْ صَحِيح الذَّكَر بِالِاتِّفَاقِ , فَإِذَا غَيَّبَهَا بِكَمَالِهَا تَعَلَّقَتْ بِهِ جَمِيع الْأَحْكَام , وَلَا يُشْتَرَط تَغْيِيب جَمِيع الذَّكَر بِالِاتِّفَاقِ . وَلَوْ غَيَّبَ بَعْض الْحَشَفَة لَا يَتَعَلَّق بِهِ شَيْء مِنْ الْأَحْكَام بِالِاتِّفَاقِ إِلَّا وَجْهًا شَاذًّا ذَكَرَهُ بَعْض أَصْحَابنَا أَنَّ حُكْمه حُكْم جَمِيعهَا , وَهَذَا الْوَجْه غَلَط مُنْكَر مَتْرُوك , وَأَمَّا إِذَا كَانَ الذَّكَر مَقْطُوعًا فَإِنْ بَقِيَ مِنْهُ دُون الْحَشَفَة لَمْ يَتَعَلَّق بِهِ شَيْء مِنْ الْأَحْكَام , وَإِنْ كَانَ الْبَاقِي قَدْر الْحَشَفَة فَحَسْب تَعَلَّقَتْ الْأَحْكَام بِتَغْيِيبِهِ بِكَمَالِهِ , وَإِنْ كَانَ زَائِدًا عَلَى قَدْر الْحَشَفَة فَفِيهِ وَجْهَانِ مَشْهُورَانِ لِأَصْحَابِنَا أَصَحّهمَا أَنَّ الْأَحْكَام تَتَعَلَّق بِقَدْرِ الْحَشَفَة مِنْهُ , وَالثَّانِي لَا يَتَعَلَّق شَيْء مِنْ الْأَحْكَام إِلَّا بِتَغْيِيبِ جَمِيع الْبَاقِي . وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَم . ‏
‏وَلَوْ لَفَّ عَلَى ذَكَرِهِ خِرْقَة وَأَوْلَجَهُ فِي فَرْج اِمْرَأَة فَفِيهِ ثَلَاثَة أَوْجُه لِأَصْحَابِنَا مِنْهَا وَالْمَشْهُور أَنَّهُ يَجِب عَلَيْهِمَا الْغُسْل , وَالثَّانِي لَا يَجِب لِأَنَّهُ أَوْلَجَ فِي خِرْقَة , وَالثَّالِث إِنْ كَانَتْ الْخِرْقَة غَلِيظَة تَمْنَع وُصُول اللَّذَّة وَالرُّطُوبَة لَمْ يَجِب الْغُسْل . وَإِلَّا وَجَبَ . وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَم . ‏
‏وَلَوْ اسْتَدْخَلَت الْمَرْأَة ذَكَرَ بَهِيمَة وَجَبَ عَلَيْهَا الْغُسْل , وَلَوْ اسْتَدْخَلَت ذَكَرًا مَقْطُوعًا فَوَجْهَانِ أَصَحّهمَا يَجِب عَلَيْهَا الْغُسْل
}}

Commentary of Imam Al-Nawawi on the Hadith

The saying of the prophet – peace be upon him- ‘When he sits between a her fours parts) mostly its home animal (shu’biha Al-arba) and has intercourse with her then fatigues her’

In another narration the word ‘Ashu’biha’ is used. The scholars have disagreed about the intended meaning of ‘shu’biha Al-arba’ (the fours) for some said that it means the arms and the legs, while others have said that it refers to the legs and thighs, and other said it means the legs and the edge of the pubic area. Al-Qadi Ayad chose the meaning of the four areas surrounding the vagina. The word (Shu’b) means areas, its singular form being (Shu’bah). As for those who say (Ashba’iha) that is the plural of the word (Shu’b).
'''
The word Aj-hada-ha (fatigue her) means to plow her''', which was also stated by Al-Khatabi. Others have said it means to make her reach exhaustion as in the phrase ‘she made him toil and labor till he was exhausted’. Al-Qadi Ayad – may Allah rest his soul- said ‘Primarily, the word (Jahada’ha) means that the man exerted his effort working in a woman, where the word (Juh’d) means energy and refers to motion by describing the type of work. This is similar to his (the prophet) saying ‘he who plowed her’ meaning he who penetrated her by his motion. Otherwise, what other fatigue could a man experience because of her, and Allah knows best.

The meaning of the hadith is that the necessity to wash is not limited to when semen is ejaculated, rather it is when the penile head (Hash-fa, lit. “the head of the male member,” i.e. head of the penis) penetrates the vagina, then it is necessary for the man and the woman to wash. There is no disagreement on this today, even though there was disagreement on this by some of the early companions and others later. However, an agreement was later reached and this is what we have shown and presented previously.

Our companions have said that if the penile head has penetrated '''a woman's anus''', or '''a man's anus''', or '''an animal's vagina''' or '''its anus''' then it is necessary to wash '''whether the one being penetrated is alive '''or dead''', '''young or old''', whether it was done intentionally or absentmindedly, whether it was done willfully or forcefully. '''This also applies if the woman places the male member inside her while the man is asleep, whether the penis is erect or not''', whether the penis is circumcised or uncircumcised. All these situations require that the person committing the act and the one the act is committed on must wash themselves, unless the person committing the act or the person the act is committed on is a young male or female. In that case it cannot be said that the person must wash, for they do not have the responsibility, rather it is said that this person is in a state of impurity. If that person can discern (the sexual act) then his guardian can command him to wash just as he commands him to perform the ablution washing for prayers. For if he prays without washing, his prayer has not been performed correctly; likewise if he doesn’t wash after he reaches puberty he must be forced to wash. If he washed as a youth and then reaches puberty, then he does not have to repeat the washing.

Our companions have said that intercourse occurs when a healthy male’s penile head completely penetrates (an orifice), as has been unanimously agreed. Thus, when the penile head has completely disappeared (inside the orifice), then all the regulations concerning washing apply. It is unanimously agreed that it is not necessary that the entire penile shaft penetrate to apply the regulations of washing. If part of the penile head penetrates, then the regulations of washing are not imposed as is agreed, except by an odd few of our companions who said that even in this case all the regulations of washing apply. However, this opinion is wrong, rejected and abandoned. If the male member was severed and what remained was less than the length of the penile head, then none of the washing regulations apply. If the part remaining was equal in length to the penile head length then that part must completely penetrate for the regulation of washing to apply. If the part remaining was greater in length to the penile head length then there are two famous opinions for our companions. The most correct is that if the portion that penetrates is equal to the length of the penile head, then the regulations for washing apply. The other opinion is that none of the regulations for washing apply until the entire remaining length of the penile shaft completely penetrates and Allah knows best.

If a man wraps a sheath around his male member and then ejaculates inside a woman’s vagina, then there are three opinions from our companions. The most famous is that the man must wash. The second is that he does not have to wash because he ejaculated inside the sheath. The third is that if the sheath is thick and prevents climax and wetness (in the vagina) then washing is not necessary, otherwise it is necessary and Allah knows best.

If a woman inserts (in her vagina) '''an animal's penis''' she must wash, and if she inserts '''a detached penis''' (thakaran maktu-an, lit. “a severed male member”) there are two opinions; the most correct is that she must wash. }}

==Rape==
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Rape}}
===Men can rape female slaves and captives===

{{Quote|{{Quran|23|6}}| Those who humble themselves in their prayers; Who avoid vain talk; Who are active in deeds of charity; Who abstain from sex, Except with those joined to them in the marriage bond, '''or (the captives) whom their right hands possess,'''- for (in their case) they are free from blame.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|33|50}}| O Prophet! We have made lawful to thee thy wives to whom thou hast paid their dowers; and '''those whom thy right hand possesses out of the prisoners of war whom Allah has assigned to thee;'''}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|24}}|Also (forbidden are) women already married, '''except those whom your right hands possess'''. Thus has Allah ordained for you. All others are lawful, provided you seek them from your property, desiring chastity, not fornication. So with those among them whom you have enjoyed, give them their required due, but if you agree mutually after the requirement (has been determined), there is no sin on you. Surely, Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.}}

===Men can rape female captives in front of their husbands===

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|2|2150}}| Abu Said al-Khudri said: "The apostle of Allah sent a military expedition to Awtas on the occasion of the battle of Hunain. They met their enemy and fought with them. They defeated them and took them captives. '''Some of the Companions of the apostle of Allah were reluctant to have intercourse with the female captives''' in the presence of their husbands who were unbelievers. So Allah, the Exalted, sent down the Quranic verse, "'''And all married women (are forbidden) unto you save those (captives) whom your right hands possess'''". That is to say, they are lawful for them when they complete their waiting period." [The Quran verse is 4:24]}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3432}}|Abu Sa'id al-Khudri reported that at the Battle of Hunain Allah's Messenger sent an army to Autas and encountered the enemy and fought with them. Having overcome them and taken them captives, '''the Companions of Allah's Messenger seemed to refrain from having intercourse with captive women because of their husbands''' being polytheists. Then Allah, Most High, sent down regarding that:" '''And women already married, except those whom your right hands possess''' (Quran 4:. 24)" (i. e. they were lawful for them when their 'Idda period came to an end).}}

==Al-'Azl (coitus interruptus)==
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Al-'Azl}}
===When having sex with captives, it's better if you don't pull out at the end===

{{Quote|1={{Bukhari|3|46|718}}|2=Narrated Ibn Muhairiz: I saw Abu Said and asked him about '''coitus interruptus'''. Abu Said said, "We went with Allah's Apostle, in the Ghazwa of Barli Al-Mustaliq and we captured some of the 'Arabs as captives, and the long separation from our wives was pressing us hard and '''we wanted to practice coitus interruptus'''. We asked Allah's Apostle (whether it was permissible). He said, "It is better for you not to do so. No soul, (that which Allah has) destined to exist, up to the Day of Resurrection, but will definitely come, into existence."}}

===It's okay to practice 'azl when having sex with your slave-girl===

{{Quote|1={{Abudawud|11|2166}}|2=Narrated AbuSa'id al-Khudri: A man said: Apostle of Allah, I have a slave-girl and I withdraw the penis from her (while having intercourse), and I dislike that she becomes pregnant. I intend (by intercourse) what the men intend by it. The Jews say that withdrawing the penis (azl) is burying the living girls on a small scale. He (the Prophet) said: The Jews told a lie. If Allah intends to create it, you cannot turn it away.}}

==Marital Relations==
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Women}}
===Men can have sex with their wives as they desire===
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|222}}| They ask thee concerning women's courses. Say: They are a hurt and a pollution: So keep away from women in their courses, and do not approach them until they are clean. '''But when they have purified themselves, ye may approach them in any manner, time, or place ordained for you by Allah'''.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|223}}| Your women are a tilth for you (to cultivate) '''so go to your tilth as ye will'''…}}

===A wife must not withhold from her husband===

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|121}}| Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "If a man invites his wife to sleep with him and she refuses to come to him, then the angels send their curses on her till morning."}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3366}}|Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: When a woman spends the night away from the bed of her husband, the angels curse her until morning.}}

{{Quote|''Mishkat Al-Masabih: volume 2, p. 691''|alq b. `Ali reported God's messenger as saying, "When a man calls his wife to satisfy his desire she must go to him even if she is occupied at the oven."}}

===What to say during intercourse===

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|493}}|Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:

The Prophet said, "If anyone of you, when having sexual relation with his wife, say:'In the name of Allah. O Allah! Protect us from Satan and prevent Satan from approaching our offspring you are going to give us,' and if he begets a child (as a result of that relation) Satan will not harm it."}}

{{Quote|[[Compendium of Muslim Texts|Sahih Bukhari]] [{{Compendium-of-muslim-texts-base-url}}/hadith/bukhari/052-sbt.php#004.052.074i 4:52:74i]|Narrated Abu Huraira:

Allah's Apostle said, "Once Solomon, son of David said, '(By Allah) Tonight I will have sexual intercourse with one hundred (or ninety-nine) women each of whom will give birth to a knight who will fight in Allah's Cause.' On that a (i.e. if Allah wills) but he did not say, Allah willing.' Therefore only one of those women conceived and gave birth to a half-man. By Him in Whose Hands Muhammad's life is, if he had said, "Allah willing', (he would have begotten sons) all of whom would have been knights striving in Allah's Cause."}}

==Paradise==
{{Main|72 Virgins}}

===Men can enter if they give Muhammad what is between their legs===

{{quote|1=[http://hadith.al-islam.com/Display/Display.asp?hnum=6309&doc=0&IMAGE Sahih Bukhari 6309]|2=
{{right|
حدثنا ‏ ‏محمد بن أبي بكر ‏ ‏حدثنا ‏ ‏عمر بن علي ‏ ‏ح ‏ ‏و حدثني ‏ ‏خليفة ‏ ‏حدثنا ‏ ‏عمر بن علي ‏ ‏حدثنا ‏ ‏أبو حازم ‏ ‏عن ‏ ‏سهل بن سعد الساعدي ‏
‏قال النبي ‏ ‏صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ ‏من توكل لي ما بين رجليه وما بين لحييه توكلت له بالجنة ‏}}

Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, Umar ibn Ali narrated and told me Khalifa Umar ibn al-Ali told us told us Abu Hazim from Sahl bin Saad Al-Saadi:

The Prophet peace be upon him said: Whoever entrusts to me what is '''between his legs''' and what is between his lips will be granted paradise.}}

===Men are rewarded with undefiled virgins===

{{Quote|{{cite quran|56|35|end=36|style=ref}}|[For the Companions of the Right Hand] We have created (their Companions) of special creation. And '''made them virgin''' - pure (and undefiled)}}

===Men will have 72 virgins each===

{{Quote|Al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 4, Ch. 21, No. 2687|"It was mentioned by Daraj Ibn Abi Hatim, that Abu al-Haytham 'Adullah Ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudhri, who heard the Prophet Muhammad PBUH saying, 'The smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode where there are eighty thousand servants and '''seventy-two houri''', over which stands a dome decorated with pearls, aquamarine and ruby, as wide as the distance from al-Jabiyyah to San'a."<ref>[http://www.livingislam.org/fiqhi/sp2-gfh_e.html#9 How Many Wives Will The Believers Have In Paradise?] - Questions answered by Islamic scholar Gibril Haddad</ref>}}

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/islamqa/8511|2=2011-11-21}} The six blessings of the martyrs] Shaykh Waleed al-Firyaan, Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 8511|2=It was reported in the hadeeth of al-Miqdaam ibn Ma’di Karb that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:

“The martyr (shaheed) has seven blessings from Allaah: he is forgiven from the moment his blood is first shed; he will be shown his place in Paradise; he will be spared the trial of the grave; and he will be secure on the Day of the Greatest Terror (the Day of Judgement); there will be placed on his head a crown of dignity, one ruby of which is better than this world and all that is in it; '''he will be married to seventy-two of al-hoor al-‘iyn'''; and he will be permitted to intercede for seventy of his relatives.”

According to another report, the martyr has six blessings from Allaah. According to other reports (the number is) six, or nine, or ten.

('''Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, who said it is a hasan hadeeth'''. Also narrated by Ibn Maajah in al-Sunan, by Ahmad, by ‘Abd al-Razzaaq in al-Musannaf, by al-Tabaraani in al-Kabeer, and by Sa’eed ibn Mansoor in al-Sunan).}}

{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islam.tc%2Fcgi-bin%2Faskimam%2Fask.pl%3Fq%3D7007%26act%3Dview&date=2012-01-09 The number of Hoors (70 or more) in Jannah for a Shaheed or a Jannathi is fixed by which hadeeth, and in which book] Mufti Ebrahim Desai, Ask-Imam, Fatwa No. 7007, October 29, 2002|2=The mention of '''70 or more Hoors for the Shaheed is reported by several Sahaaba''' (Radhiallaahu Anhum), of them are:

1. Sayyiduna Miqdaad ibn Ma?adikarib (Radhiallaahu Anhu) recorded by Imaam Tirmidhi in his Sunan (Hadith1663). '''Imam Tirmidhi has classified this Hadith as Sahih''' (authentic).

2. Sayyiduna Ubaadah ibn Thaabit (Radhiallaahu Anhu) recorded by Imaam Ahmad in his Musnad (Hadith17117), Imaam Bazzaar in hi Musnad and Imaam Tabrani in his al-Majmu?al Kabir. (Majma-uz-zawaaid vol.5 pg.293). Hafiz Munzhiri (ra) has classified the chain of narrators of Musnad Ahmad as Hasan'''Bold text''' (sound). (al-Targheeb vol.2 pg.320). And Haafiz al-Haythami (ra) has mentioned that '''the narrators of Musnad Ahmad and Tabrani are all reliable'''.

and Allah Ta'ala Knows Best

Moulana Muhammad ibn Moulana Haroon Abbassommar
FACULTY OF SPECIALTY IN HADITH

CHECKED AND APPROVED: Mufti Ebrahim Desai}}

===But the number of virgins in paradise is limitless===

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|6|60|402}}|Allah’s Apostle (The blessing and peace of Allah be upon him) said: "In Paradise there is a pavilion made of a single hollow pearl sixty miles wide, in each corner of which there are wives who will not see those in the other corners; and the believers will visit and enjoy them."}}

===The virgins will have firm breasts===

{{Quote|{{cite quran|78|31|end=33|style=ref}} |Verily for the Righteous there will be a fulfilment of (the heart's) desires; Gardens enclosed, and grapevines; And '''voluptuous women''' of equal age;}}

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/78.56825.html|2=2011-11-21}} The Great Success will be for Those Who have Taqwa] Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=[كَواعِبَ]

(Kawa`ib) "This means '''round breasts'''. They meant by this that '''the breasts of these girls will be fully rounded and not sagging''', because they will be virgins, equal in age. This means that they will only have one age.'' The explanation of this has already been mentioned in Surat Al-Waqi`ah. Concerning Allah's statement,}}

===And appetizing vaginas===

{{Quote|Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, p. 351|"Each time we sleep with a Houri we find her virgin. Besides, '''the penis of the Elected never softens. The erection is eternal'''; the sensation that you feel each time you make love is utterly delicious and out of this world and were you to experience it in this world you would faint. Each chosen one [i.e. Muslim] will marry '''seventy''' [sic] '''houris''', besides the women he married on earth, and all '''will have appetizing vaginas'''."}}

===Men will be given the sexual strength of 100 persons===

{{Quote|Mishkat al-Masabih, Book 4, Ch. 42, No. 24|The Holy Prophet said: 'The believer will be given such and such '''strength in Paradise for sexual intercourse'''. It was questioned: O prophet of Allah! can he do that? He said: "He will be given the '''strength of one hundred persons'''.}}

===A man's penis will remain 'ever-erect'===

{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Maja, Zuhd (Book of Abstinence) 39|Abu Umama narrated: "The Messenger of God said, 'Everyone that God admits into paradise will be married to 72 wives; two of them are houris and seventy of his inheritance of the [female] dwellers of hell. All of them will have '''libidinous sex organs''' and he will have an '''ever-erect penis'''.' "}}

==Muhammad==
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad}}

===Has sex with 11 wives in 1 night===

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|5|268|}}|Narrated Qatada: Anas bin Malik said, "The Prophet used to visit all his wives in a round, during the day and night '''and they were eleven in number.'''" I asked Anas, "Had the Prophet the strength for it?" Anas replied, "We used to say that '''the Prophet was given the strength of thirty (men)'''." And Sa'id said on the authority of Qatada that Anas had told him about nine wives only (not eleven).}}

===Was given the sexual power of 40 men===

{{Quote|Ibn Sa'd, Kitab Tabaqat Al-Kubra, Vol. 8, p. 200|Waqidi said: “The prophet of Allah used to say that I was among those who have little strength for intercourse. Then Allah sent me a pot with cooked meat. After I ate from it, I found strength any time I wanted to do the work.”}}

{{Quote|Ibn Sa'd, Kitab Tabaqat Al-Kubra, Vol., p. 139|He [The prophet] once said of himself that he had been given the power of forty men in sex.}}

For quotes on Muhammad's extramarital pedophilic tendencies, see: [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Pedophilia]]

==Aisha==
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha}}
===Muhammad has sex with her aged only 9===

{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3310}}|'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: '''Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) married me when I was six years old, and I was admitted to his house when I was nine years old.'''}}

===Muhammad sucks her tongue===

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|13|2380}}|Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin: The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) used to '''kiss her and suck her tongue''' when he was fasting.}}

===Muhammad surprises her===

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|90}}|Narrated Aisha: When the Prophet married me, my mother came to me and made me enter the house (of the Prophet) and '''nothing surprised me but the coming of Allah's Apostle to me in the forenoon'''. }}

===Muhammad fondles her===

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|6|298}}| Narrated 'Aisha:
The Prophet and I used to take a bath from a single pot while we were Junub. During the menses, '''he used to order me to put on an Izar (dress worn below the waist) and used to fondle me.'''}}

===Muhammad 'thighs' her===

{{Quote|Fatwa on 'thighing'|....As for the prophet, peace and prayer of Allah be upon him, thighing his fiancée Aisha. She was six years of age and he could not have intercourse with her due to her small age. That is why [the prophet] peace and prayer of Allah be upon him '''placed his [male] member between her thighs and massaged it softly,''' as the apostle of Allah had control of his [male] member not like other believers.<ref>(Audio) http://www.sout-al-haqe.com/pal/musical/mofakhaza.ram</ref>}}

==Homosexuals==
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Homosexuality}}
===Are ignorant and do what is shameful===

{{ quote |{{Quran|27|54}}|(We also sent) Lut (as a messenger): behold, He said to his people, "'''Do ye do what is shameful though ye see (its iniquity)? Would ye really approach men in your lusts rather than women? Nay, ye are a people (grossly) ignorant!''' But his people gave no other answer but this: they said, "Drive out the followers of Lut from your city: these are indeed men who want to be clean and pure!" Then We saved him and his household save his wife; We destined her to be of those who stayed behind. And '''We rained down on them a shower (of brimstone): and evil was the shower on those who were admonished (but heeded not)!'''}}

===They must be stoned to death===

{{ quote | {{Abudawud|38|4448}} | Narated By Abdullah ibn Abbas : If a man who is not married is seized committing sodomy, '''he will be stoned to death'''.}}

==Pedophilia==
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Pedophilia}}
===Is permitted by the Qur'an===

{{Quote|Bukhari (Chapter 39)|Giving one’s young children in marriage (is permissible) by virtue of the Statement of Allah: ‘And for those who have courses’ (i.e. they are still immature) (Sura 65:4) And the ‘Iddat [waiting period for a woman before lawful sexual intercourse] '''for the girl before puberty is three months''' (in the above Verse).}}

===Pre-pubescent widows===

{{quote|{{Muwatta|29|33|108|}}|
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, visited Umm Salama while she was in mourning for Abu Salama and she had put aloes on her eyes. He said, "What is this, Umm Salama?" She said, "It is only aloes, Messenger of Allah." He said, "Put it on at night and wipe it off in the daytime."

'''Malik said, "The mourning of a young girl who has not yet had a menstrual period takes the same form as the mourning of one who has had a period. She avoids what a mature woman avoids if her husband dies." '''

Malik said, "A slave-girl mourns her husband when he dies for two months and five nights like her idda.''

Malik said, "An umm walad does not have to mourn when her master dies, and a slave-girl does not have to mourn when her master dies. Mourning is for those with husbands."}}

==Miscellaneous==

===Companions of Muhammad masturbated during Jihad===

{{Quote|Ibn Qayyim, Bada'i al-Fuwa'id, p. 129|"If a man is torn between continued desire or releasing it, and if this man does not have a wife or he has a slave-girl but he does not marry, then if a man is overwhelmed by desire, and he fears that he will suffer because of this (someone like a prisoner, or a traveller, or a pauper), then it is permissible for him to masturbate, and Ahmad (ibn Hanbal) is explicit on this. Furthermore, '''it is narrated that the Companions of the Prophet (s) used to masturbate while they were on military expeditions or travelling'''".}}

===Anal sex is forbidden===

{{Quote| {{Abudawud|11|2157}}|Narrated AbuHurayrah:

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: He who has intercourse with his wife through her anus is accursed.}}

{{Quote|Ibn Majah Vol. 3, Book 9, Hadith 1924|It was narrated from Khuzaimah bin Thabit:

that the Messenger of Allah said: “Allah is not too shy to tell the truth,” three times. ” Do not have intercourse with women in their buttocks.” (Sahih)}}

{{Quote|Ibn Majah Vol. 3, Book 9, Hadith 1923|It was narrated from Abu Hurairah:

that the Prophet said: “Allah will not look at a man who has intercourse with his wife in her buttocks.” (Sahih)}}

{{Quote|Musnad Ahmed Vol. 1, P. 86|The Holy Prophet said, “Anyone who goes to a soothe sayer and believes in him or enters a women in the anus has rejected faith in what was revealed unto Muhammad.”<ref>Referenced by Shaikh Abdullah Faisal in "100 Fabricated Hadiths" Pg. 85, as sahih.</ref>}}

{{Quote|Ahmad, 5/213|Khuzaymah Ibn Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah is not too shy to tell you the truth: Do not have sex with your wives in the anus."<ref>[http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503543832 Fatwa: Islamic Ruling on Anal Sex] - IslamOnline, February 22, 2010</ref>}}

{{Quote|[http://web.archive.org/web/20020422171727/www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/NHMK_RT/Default.htm Reliance of the Traveller: A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law] Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri, Edited and Translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller|'''SODOMIZING ONE'S WIFE'''

'''p75.20''' The Prophet (Allah Bless him and give him peace) said,
"He who sodomizes a woman is accursed."}}

===No prescribed punishment for zoophilia===

{{Quote|{{Abudawud|38|4450}} |Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:

There is no prescribed punishment for one who has sexual intercourse with an animal.}}

==See Also==

{{Hub4|Women (Primary Sources)|Women (Primary Sources)}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:QHS]]
[[Category:Islam and Women]]

Allahu Akbar (God is Greater)

2016-01-28T22:51:30Z

Axius: Undo revision 113786 by 145.53.171.33 (talk)

Talk:Not All Muslims Are Terrorists

2016-01-28T11:56:12Z

Axius:

Talk:Not All Muslims Are Terrorists

2016-01-28T11:53:44Z

Axius: found a ref

Buraq

2016-01-28T03:34:39Z

Axius: Reverted edits by 50.38.95.196 (talk) to last revision by Sahab

'''Al-Burāq''' (البُراق‎ "lightning") is a mythological steed comparable to the Greek Pegasus, believed to be a creature from the [[heaven]]s which transported the various [[Islam|Islamic]] prophets.

[[Islam and Scripture|Islamic sources]] describe it as a tall, white, handsome-faced, long eared, bridled male beast, bigger than a donkey but smaller than a mule. It has two wings on its thighs and its step is so wide that it "reached the farthest point within the reach of the [[Animals|animal's]] sight."<ref>"''...a white animal which was smaller than a mule and bigger than a donkey was brought to me... The animal's step (was so wide that it) reached the farthest point within the reach of the animal's sight.''" - {{Bukhari|5|58|227}}</ref><ref>"''...the Buraq, handsome-faced and bridled, a tall, white beast, bigger than the donkey but smaller than the mule. He could place his hooves at the farthest boundary of his gaze. He had long ears. Whenever he faced a mountain his hind legs would extend, and whenever he went downhill his front legs would extend. He had two wings on his thighs which lent strength to his legs.''" - Muhammad al-Alawi al-Maliki, al-Anwar al Bahiyya min Isra wa l-Mi'raj Khayr al-Bariyyah</ref>

Some traditions also describe it with the head of a woman and the tail of a peacock,<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/84912/Buraq|2=2012-02-27}} Burāq] - Encyclopædia Britannica, accessed February 27, 2012</ref> similar to the Hindu Goddess Sri Kamadhenu who is sometimes depicted as a winged cow with a peacock's tail and the head of a woman.<ref>For example, see the image of Sri Kamadhenu [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uAGjaX27lLg/Tgh4htLGkQI/AAAAAAAAKhk/4eLbvHfA594/s320/kamdhenu%2C+Buraq.jpg here] and then compare it to the image of al-Buraq [http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sGl4xx58yZg/TgiKHar4VHI/AAAAAAAAKhw/zTRg4XhxrW8/s200/Al+buraq.jpg here]</ref>

Muslims believe that the Buraq carried Prophet [[Muhammad]] from [[Mecca]] to the seven heavens, from the heavens to the then non-existent "farthest mosque" (Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem) and back to Mecca during the Isra and Mi'raj or "Night Journey".

During his visit to the heavens, prior to meeting with [[Allah]], Muhammad met with various prophets, including Musa (Moses) who allegedly wept because there would be more Muslims in heaven than [[Antisemitism|Jews]].<ref>"''Moses said, 'I weep because after me there has been sent (as Prophet) a young man [Muhammad] whose followers will enter Paradise in greater numbers than my followers.' ''"- {{Bukhari|5|58|227}}</ref>

The journey is an event which is now celebrated by Muslims every year,<ref>Khadija Bradlow - [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article2279985.ece A Night Journey through Jerusalem] - Times Online, August 18, 2007</ref> and is the title of one of the [[surah|chapters]] of the [[Qur'an]] ([[the Holy Qur'an: Al-Isra (The Night Journey)|Al-Isra, "The Night Journey"]]). [[Sahih]] sources further tell us that the event was a very literal journey and not a dream.<ref>"''Ibn Abbas added: The sights which Allah's Apostle was shown on the Night Journey when he was taken to Bait-ulMaqdis (i.e. Jerusalem) were actual sights, (not dreams).'' - {{Bukhari|5|58|228}}</ref>

The Buraq was also said to transport [[Ibrahim]] (Abraham) when he visited his wife [[Hagar]] and son [[Isma'il]] (Ishmael). According to tradition, Abraham lived with one wife in [[Syria]], but the Buraq would transport him in the morning to Mecca to see his family there, and take him back in the evening to his Syrian wife.<ref>''Journeys in Holy Lands'' p. 117</ref>

==See Also==

* [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Islamic Silliness]]
{{Hub4|Animals|Animals}}

==External Links==

*[{{Reference archive|1=http://brotherpete.com/mohammeds_night_journey.htm|2=2012-05-30}} Mohammed's Night Journey]
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://fc06.deviantart.net/fs27/f/2008/096/8/4/Forgotten_Bestiary__The_Buraq_by_sparkynekomi.jpg|2=2012-02-27}} Forgotten Bestiary: The Buraq (image)]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Stubs]]
[[Category:Terms and Definitions]]

Talk:Converts to Islam

2016-01-27T00:08:46Z

Axius: /* Possible Additions */

{{Article tasks}}

==Possible Additions==

Add links here to articles concerning possible converts. Once they are confirmed, add to the main list. Use/find better sources when possible.

* Willie Ray Bryant: [{{Reference archive|1=http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/news/crime/blog/2011/09/inmate_pleads_guilty_to_threat.html|2=2011-09-14}} Inmate pleads guilty to threatening judge]
* Carnita Matthews: [http://www.wikiislam.net/wiki/Muslims_Caught_Using_Deception#Other_Lies_and_Deceptions Muslims Caught Using Deception]
* Douglas McCain: [http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/american-douglas-mcauthur-mccain-dies-fighting-isis-syria-n189081], fought for ISIS. Converted to Islam in 2004
* Sally Jones (Sakinah Hussain): [http://news.yahoo.com/british-jihadist-mum-threatens-behead-christians-reports-113331874.html], went to join ISIS
* [http://wreg.com/2014/09/26/oklahoma-beheading-suspect-reportedly-tried-to-convert-others-to-islam-before-attack/], [http://www.breitbart.com/InstaBlog/2014/09/26/Report-Murder-Suspect-Alton-Nolen-Shouted-Islamic-Phrases-During-Beheading] - man tried to convert people and beheaded a co-worker (confirm using reliable sources)
* Michael Zehaf-Bibeau - Shooter in Canada: "It isn't clear when or why, but at some point Zehaf-Bibeau converted to Islam, U.S. officials said." ([http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/22/world/canada-shooter/index.html])
* Zale H. Thompson - Attacker With Hatchet who attacked police officers in NY - [http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/25/nyregion/man-who-attacked-police-with-hatchet-ranted-about-us-officials-say.html?_r=0] - "After speaking with Mr. Thompson’s relatives, authorities determined that he had converted to Islam two years ago."
* Abu Rumaysa - ISIS supporter. Converted from Hinduism. [http://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-threat-western-terrorist-group-sympathizer-explains-spread-of-sharia-law/?ftag=YHF4eb9d17]
* Christopher Lee Cornell - converted to Islam. Planned attacks. [https://www.google.com/search?q=Christopher+Lee+Cornell&oq=Christopher+Lee+Cornell&aqs=chrome..69i57&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=122&ie=UTF-8#safe=off&q=Christopher+Lee+Cornell+islam]
* Damian Clairmont, from Canada. Converted to Islam, joined ISIS and was killed [http://www.calgarysun.com/2014/10/26/calgary-mom-who-lost-son-damian-clairmont-to-jihadists-raising-money-for-program-to-undo-brainwashing]
* Jake Bilardi (Muslim name is Abu Abdullah al-Australi). Convert from Australia was a suicide bomber for ISIS. [http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/13/asia/australia-isis-bilardi-blog/]
* Elton Simpson - [http://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2015/05/alleged-shooter-elton-simpson-in-terror-attack-in-garland-texas-a-muslim-convert/ Alleged Shooter Elton Simpson in Garland, Texas Terror Attack a Radical Muslim Convert]
* Delshaun Young and 22-year-old Muhammad "Mo" Dakhlalla - [No bail for couple accused of trying to join Islamic State http://news.yahoo.com/mississippians-charged-trying-join-islamic-state-081252703.html]
* Add Amanda Korody below existing 'John Stewart Nuttall' - [http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/03/john-nuttall-and-amanda-korody-found-guilty-over-canada-day-bomb-plot]
* Robert C. McCollum (Amir Said Abdul Rahman Al-Ghazi) [http://www.cleveland.com/court-justice/index.ssf/2015/06/sheffield_lake_terrorist_suspe.html]
* Ibrahim Anderson: Guilty of promoting Islamic State (IS). [http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-35384243]

User talk:Sauron

2016-01-27T00:07:54Z

Axius: /* List of Muhammad's Wives and Concubines */

==[https://wikiislam.net/wiki/List_of_Muhammads_Wives_and_Concubines#cite_note-92 List of Muhammad's Wives and Concubines]==
Hayat Al-Qulub Vol. 2, (pg 415) the 4th mentioned reference which you did not read, says:

:"“Who are they?” she inquired. '''''He replied''''', “Maryam, daughter of Imran, Kulthum, sister of Musa, '''''Asiya wife of Firon''''', all of whom, with yourself, '''''will be my wives in Paradise'''.”''
''
Please see our [[FAQ]]. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 18:39, 17 January 2016 (EST)

How could anyone based islamic facts on one work by a twelver shia cleric that 90% of muslims deemed heretic? Muhammad Baqir Majlisi lived from 1616–1698 AD. The year which he lived is also so far away than bukhari/muslim/ibn sa'ad/ibnu hisham/ibnu ishaq. I wanted to share this page but then people would just laugh at me because the article used a truly fringe group's work as facts. You could state there/separate shia and sunni cleric's work. On top of that, no one in the early muslims community ever made the claim that Mr. Majlisi made.
:That is your claim that the certain text you want to remove belongs to a minority sect of Islam. Secondly even if the source is of a minority sect, the sources for all sects are used and accepted for criticism of Islam, because they are part of Islam. A sunni muslim will say they dont accept Shia sources and verse versa so if critics of Islam care about that, there will be no criticism in the end to talk about.
:Third, about the author of the book:
::''He has been described as "one of the most powerful and influential Shi'a ulema of all time",''
:Shia are 10% of the Muslim population and an important part as I mentioned.
:I bet there are other multiple sources for that information.
:Lastly whether or not Muhammad said that Queen Asiya will be his wife in Islamic heaven is a very minor issue compared to the bigger issues in Islam which WikiIslam talks about. I suggest you start clicking around and browsing through the pages. You can start with the [[QHS]] series or any of the [https://wikiislam.net/wiki/Category:Core_Article Core articles] on the left.
:If you want to debate about Islam there are many forums on the internet. Some are mentioned here [https://wikiislam.net/wiki/Resources_for_Former_Muslims#Other_Forums] Here's just one: [http://forum09.faithfreedom.org/ FFI forum]. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 18:14, 19 January 2016 (EST)

Thanks for the reply. My critic is purely academic. I am an ex-muslim and wikiislam is actually the best critical source i have found on islam. Still i would say adding a bracket(shia) information would probably be helpful. Also maybe could remove the sahih bukhari and muslim citation because it doesn't have anything to do with god marrying him to the girls.
: I dont know if you're an ex-Muslim or not, but you [https://wikiislam.net/index.php?title=List_of_Muhammads_Wives_and_Concubines&diff=113689&oldid=113651 removed] sourced information from the page twice and that is vandalism.
:Academically, ''all sources are all part of Islam'' and should be treated as such. As I said we cannot remove sourced text and we cannot start adding shia or Sunni or all the other sects of Islam to all the content.
:Are you having difficult debating with people about the topic? Its easy. Tell them the same thing I told you. All sources of Islam can be used for criticism of Islam. It is valid information and cannot be rejected simply because its found in one sect of Islam.
:The Quran doesnt say that all other sects of Islam are invalid, or anything like that. Does it? So what is your basis for asking to remove text from a Shite source?
:Also Majlisi is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Baqir_Majlisi Shite] source. Why did you call it Ahmadiya in your edit history? Please respond to that.
:The other information/hadiths contain the other information that is mentioned in the piece of text. It all goes together.
:Basically again, you are wanting to removed sourced information from the page. We have spent enough time on this issue. As I pointed out its all sourced the fact that Muhammad said Queen Asiya will be one of his wives in heaven is a minor issue in Islam, compared to other more important issues.
:A valid criticism of this page is that the individual statements should have been sourced individually so its easy to cross-check. Thats something that you could have pointed out. If you agree, we can add it to the Tasks page. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 06:36, 20 January 2016 (EST)

I made a mistake thinking it was ahmadiyya because of the website that hosted the work. http://www.al-islam.org/ I thought it was an ahmadiyya but it was a shia website. https://www.alislam.org is an ahmadiyya website. I thought users could edit the work and the edit would then be moderated by say 10 moderators before it is approved? I am a panentheist maybe a pantheist one day but for now a panentheist. No religion, because 'God'/Nature/Zeus/Tao/whatever you want to call it already gave me Reason which is a Divine Scripture itself.

I don't think I properly understand your last statement, maybe yes i should agree. Probably only if the statement doesn't have a common theme like the ones i pointed out. The hadith points out that the 4 girls were perfect while the majlisi said god married muhammad to the girls. So, yes it shouldn't be in the same column.
:Ok.
:It would have been nice if the statements would have been individually sourced e.g. statement 1 (source 1). statement 2 (source 2). Instead its statement 1, and 2 (source 1 and 2). So its not clear what text is coming from which source. I've added it to the task list. It will be a difficult task but it would be nice if that was there. The author who wrote it suddenly saved a lot of text or else we would have told them how to do it.
:As for shia/sunni/other sects, I dont think it weakens criticism of Islam. It is up to the apologist to explain why a certain sect is invalid and they will be unable to do so as all sects think they're the most correct sect and cant offer any evidence for that claim. In reality they are equally valid (as parts of Islam and as sources for criticism) because again Quran never mentions which sect is the right one. If something is mentioned in minority sect 1, it doesnt mean it never happened. If the author is a known scholar, religious figure (like Majlisi), then it should be acceptable to use it as a source.
:People (nonbelievers of Islam in particular because they have no obligation to any sect) cannot fall into the trap of "one sect #1 is valid and everything else is invalid". --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 20:09, 20 January 2016 (EST)

Yes i agree that we could use different sects but it would still be better state the affiliation of the author(sect) so that viewers wouldn't just dismiss this website as mumbo jumbo just because there are statements that goes directly with their source/what they/their sect consider as valid. Btw, thanks.
:''"viewers wouldn't just dismiss this website as mumbo jumbo"'' - Those viewers already reject the website due to one reason or another because its critical of Islam so what they think of the website is not important.
:Tagging could be done due to other reasons but its not an easy task. People would have to decide, if its really important or not and worth doing, if its practical/beneficial, pros/cons, how to show the different sects (small super script notations e.g. how its done here [https://wikiislam.net/wiki/The_Holy_Qur%27an:_Luqman_(Luqman)], notice the different superscript letters), which sects to show, what content is affected, how it affects translations/other language domains and so on.
:I think its a waste of time for now. There are a lot of other important things to do in our [[tasks]] page before something like this can be investigated. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 20:26, 21 January 2016 (EST)

Hi there, just wanting to know your thoughts. What is the best way to make someone learn the truth about islam? I tried to convince my brother but it seems that he always have an answer to every issues. I know that his answer was wrong but he seems to be so sure about it. I tried to rectify but he won't accept it. It seems impossible to make someone realise that this is an evil religion.
:Yes its very difficult to convince anyone about their religion of birth. You can try picking up one topic (for example evolution), become knowledgeable about it and be persistent. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 19:07, 26 January 2016 (EST)

WikiIslam:Sandbox/Życie mahometa - chronologia

2016-01-24T18:17:18Z

Axius: add template at top to group translations that have to be completed/finalized

{{Incompletetranslations|The Timeline of Muhammad|polish}}

<center>''Ta [[Timelines|chronologia]] jest listą najważniejszych wydarzeń w życiu [[Muhammad|Mahometa]]. Wszystkie daty są przybliżone.''</center>

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width = "100%" class=wikitable
! width=55px | Data
! Wydarzenie
! Opis
|-
|570 AD
|Narodziny Mahometa
|Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah rodzi się w "roku Słonia". Jego ojciec, ‘Abdu’llah ibn ‘Abdu’l-Muttalib, zmarł przed jego narodzinami, a jego marka Amina bint Wahb szybko oddaje go pod opiekę mamki o imieniu Halima.
|-
|575 AD
|Powrót do matki
|Przekonana, że młody Mahomet jest opętany przez demona, Halima oddaje go matce.<ref>Guillaume, Alfred, ''The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah''. Oxford University Press, 1955. ISBN 0-1963-6033-1; p. 72.</ref>
|-
|577 AD
|Śmierć marki
|Po jej śmierci, Mahometa bierze pod opiekę jego dziadek, Abd al-Muttalib. Z kolei po jego śmierci, Mahometem opiekuje się jego stryj, Abu Talib.
|-
|595 AD
|Małżeństwo z Chadidżą
|Mahomet poślubia swą bogatą, dwókrotnie rozwiedzioną daleką kuzynkę, Chadżidżę, która później stanie się jego pierwszą uczennicą. W tym czasie ma ona już dwóch synów i córkę z poprzednich małżeństw i jej związek z mało znaczącym Mahometem wywołuje kontrowersje i doprowadza niemalże do rozlewu krwi.<ref>LIFE OF MAHOMET. Volume II. Chapter 2,WIlliam Muir, [Smith, Elder, & Co., London, 1861], pg. 15-17 23-24</ref> ([[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid|''więcej na ten temat'']])
|-
|610 AD
|Pierwsze "objawienie".
|Mahomet, jak twierdzi, zostaje po raz pierwszy odwiedzony przez pozaziemską istotę. Później zidentyfikuje to jako objawienie od Allacha przekazane przez anioła Dżibrila. Pierwotnie myśli jednak, że może być opętany przez demona i próbuje popełnić samobójstwo, przed czym powstrzymuje go anioł..<ref>"''...Ale po kilku dniach Waraka umarł i Boska Inspiracja również ustała na jakiś czas i Prorok (Mahomet) pogrążył się w smutku. Słyszeliśmy, że zamierzał kilkakrotnie rzucić się ze szczytów wysokich gór i za każdym razem, gdy wchodził na szczyt góry by się rzucić, Dżibriel pojawiał się i mówił "O Mahomecie! Zaprawdę jesteś Apostołem Allaha", po czym serce Mahometa wyciszało się, on sam się uspokajał i powracał do domu. I gdy okres nadejścia inspiracji wydłużał się, robił jak poprzednio, lecz gdy tylko osiągał szczyt góry, Dżibriel pojawiał się przed nim i mówił to co poprzednim razem.''" - {{Bukhari|9|87|111}}</ref>
|-
|613 AD
|Publiczne nauczanie islamu
|Mahomet rozpoczyna publicznie nauczać islamu w Mekce. Jego nauki spotykają się ze sceptycznym przyjęciem i jest on oskarżany o przywłaszczanie sobie "starożytnych opowieści".<ref>"''To nam było już obiecane, i poprzednio naszym ojcom, lecz to są tylko baśnie przodków.''" - {{Quran|23|83}}</ref> Jednym z najzacieklejszych krytyków Mahometa jest jego własny wój Abu Lahab, który zostaje przeklęty w imię Koranu.<ref>"...''Niech zginą obie ręce Abu Lahaba i niech on sam zginie! - Nie zdadzą mu się na nic jego majątek i to, co zyskał. Będzie się palił w ogniu płomiennym, i jego żona - nosząca drzewo; będzie ona mieć na szyi sznur z włókien palmy.''..." - {{Quran|111|1-5}}</ref> Mieszkańcy Mekki proszą o cuda, ale Mahomet nie daje im żadnego. ([[Muhammads Miracles|''więcej na ten temat'']])
|-
|615 AD
|Zatargi z Kurajszytami
|"Karygodne" ataki Mahometa<ref> Francis Edwards Peters, Muhammad and the Origins of Islam, SUNY Press, p.169</ref> na rodzime pogańskie wierzenia powoduje tarcia pomiędzy jego zwolennikami a plemieniem Kurajszytów. Mahomet pozwala muzułmanom opuścić Arabię i udać się do Abisynii, podczas gdy sam decyduje się zostać i kontynuować głoszenie islamu.
|-
|619 AD
|Śmierć Chadżidży
|Wkrótce po śmierci jego bogatej i jedynej żony, Chadżidży, umiera wój, Abu Talib. Wkrótce potem Mahomet prosi Abu Bakra o rękę jego sześcioletniej córki.
|-
|619 AD
|Incydent z szatańskimi wersetami
|Mahomet uznaje w objawieniu pogańskie boginie wyznawane w Mekce: Al-Lat, Al-Uzza i Manat. Wiadomość ta bardzo cieszy mieszkańców Mekki. Później, po rzekomej wizycie anioła Dżibrila, Mahomet odwołuje to, co wcześniej powiedział i twierdzi, że są to słowa Szatana. ([[Satanic Verses|''więcej na ten temat'']])
|-
|620 AD
|Rumak Burak i nocna podróż
|Według słów Mahometa został on zawieziony na grzbiecie mitycznego latającego rumaka, Buraka<ref>"...''Wówczas przyprowadzono mi białe zwierzę, mniejsze od muła lecz większe od osła." (Wtedy Al-Jarud zapytał "Czy był to Burak, o Abu Hamzo?" Odpowiedziałem (tzn. Anas) wówczas twierdząco). Prorok rzekł "krok zwierzęcia (był tak szeroki, że) sięgnął najdalszego miejsca w zasięgu jego wzroku. Zostałem na nim poniesiony i Dżibriel był ze mną póki nie osiągnęliśmy najbliższego nieba. ''..." - {{Bukhari|5|58|227}}</ref> najpierw do Jerozolimy, a potem do raju, gdzie spotkał innych proroków. W szóstym niebie spotyka on Mojżesza, który płacze, ponieważ w niebie więcej będzie Muzułmanów niż Żydów.<ref>"...''Gdy go opuściłem (Mojżesza), płakał. Ktoś go zapytał "Dlaczego płaczesz?" Mojżesz odpowiedział "Płaczę, ponieważ po mnie został wysłany (jako Prorok) młody człowiek, którego uczniowie wejdą do Raju w większej ilości niż moi.'''..." - {{Bukhari|5|58|227}}</ref> ([[Buraq|''więcej na ten temat'']])
|-
|622 AD
|Hidżra
|Z powodu narastających animozji pomiędzy muzułmanami a pogańskimi mieszkańcami Mekki, Mahomet wraz ze swoimi uczniami uciekają do Medyny. Emigracja (Hidżra) jest początkiem muzułmańskiego kalendarza księżycowego oraz początkiem metamorfozy Mahometa z głosiciela nowej religii w przywódcę politycznego i wojskowego.
|-
|622 AD
|Konsumpcja małżeństwa z A'iszą.
|Mahomet konsumuje swpke małżeństwo z A'iszą, swą dziewięcioletnią żoną. Pierwotnie, gdy Mahomet poprosił o rękę A'iszy, jej ojciec, Abu Bakr zaprotestował.<ref>"''....Prorok zapytał Abu Bakra o rękę A'iszy. Abu Bakr powiedział "Ależ ja jestem Twoim bratem....''" - {{Bukhari|7|62|18}}</ref> ([[Aisha|''więcej na ten temat'']])
|-
|624 AD
|Bitwa pod Nakhla
|Mahomet po raz siódmy nasyła swoich ludzi na pogańską karawanę. Ten napad (pierwszy udany) jest początkiem przemocy w imię islamu. Napad miał miejsce w jednym z czterech miesięcy, gdy walka jest zakazana. W jego wyniku przywódca karawany zostaje zabity, a dwóch jej członków wzięto do niewoli.
|-
|624 AD
|Bitwa pod Badr
|W konsekwencji powtarzających się napadów na karawany, mieszkańcy Mekki wysyłają kolejną, tym razem silnie uzbrojoną karawanę. Pomimo znacznej przewagi przeciwnika, muzułmanie pokonują broniące karawany siły. Zabijają co najmniej siedemdziesiąt osób i biorą do niewoli dla okupu drugie tyle.<ref>"''....W dniu bitwy pod Badr poganie stracili za sprawą Proroka i jego towarzyszy 140 ludzi, z czego siedemdziesięciu zostało schwytanych, a siedemniesięciu zabitych.....''" - {{Bukhari|4|52|276}}</ref> Wśród jeńców jest Al Nadir, poeta i gawędziarz, który szydził z Mahometa. Ali ucina głowę Al Nadira na rozkaz Mahometa.<ref>Jake Neuman - [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=emyBulRLVjMC&pg=PT226&dq=By+God,+Muhammad+cannot+tell+a+better+story+than+I,+and+his+talk+is+only#v=onepage&q=By%20God%2C%20Muhammad%20cannot%20tell%20a%20better%20story%20than%20I%2C%20and%20his%20talk%20is%20only&f=false God of Moral Perfection; A Stark Message from God for All Mankind] - (2008) Blackwell, p. 211</ref> Mahomet każe również wrzucić dwudziestu czterech jeńców do studni w Badr. <ref>"''....kazał on [Mahomet] wrzucić do studni w Badr ponad dwudziestu ludzi spośród niewiernych Kurajszytów, co w innej hadisie liczone jest to jako dwudziestu czterech ludzi.....''" - {{Muslim|40|6870}}</ref>
|-
|624 AD
|Wygnanie żydowskiego klanu Kajnuka
|Łamiąc wcześniejsze porozumienie, muzułmanie pod wodzą Mahometa rozpoczynają oblężenie klanu Kajnuka. Mahomet początkowo chce zgładzić wszystkich mężczyzn,<ref>Tabari, vol. VII, 86.</ref> jednak po wysłuchaniu próśb Abdullaha bin Ubaja Mahomet skonfiskował ich mienie i wygnał ich z Medyny.
|-
|625 AD
|Bitwa pod Uhud
|Drugie starcie pomiędzy mieszkańcami Mekki (pod wodzą Abu Sufjana) i muzułmanami. Tym razem, ponieważ muzułmanie skupili się raczej na ocaleniu łupu niż zwycięstwie,<ref>"''I uczynił dla was Bóg prawdziwą Swoją obietnicę, kiedy zniszczyliście ich - za Jego zezwoleniem. A kiedyście się załamali i zaczęliście się wzajemnie sprzeczać, i podnieśliście bunt - a On przecież pokazał wam to, co kochacie - wśród was ujawnili się tacy, którzy pragnęli tego świata, i wśród was byli tacy, którzy pragnęli życia ostatecznego. Potem On odwrócił was od nich, aby was doświadczyć. I On wam przebaczył, Bóg przecież jest władcą łaski dla tych, którzy wierzą!''" - {{Quran|3|152}}</ref> zostali oni pobici przez pogańskich mieszkańców Mekki, a sam Mahomet zostaje raniony przez Chalida ibn al-Walida.
|-
|625 AD
|Oblężenie i wypędzenie żydowskiego klanu Nadir
|Muzułmańskie oblężenie Żydów z klanu Nadir trwa dwa tygodnie. Po tym czasie oblężeni poddają. się. Mahomet konfiskuje ich broń i skazuje ich na wygnanie z Medyny.
|-
|627 AD
|Bitwa pod Medyną
|Nie była to bitwa, lecz raczej dwutygodniowe oblężenie. Słysząc o sile nadciągającej z Mekki armii, kompan Mahometa, Pers Salman radzi mu, by wykopać fosę na północ od Medyny. Ma ona powstrzymać wrogich mieszkańców Mekki przed wkroczeniem na muzułmańskie terytorium. Nieprzygotowana na oblężenie, mekkańska armia wycofuje się po dwóch tygodniach.
|-
|627 AD
|Ludobójstwo na Żydach z plemienia Banu Kurajza
|Po bitwie pod Medyną Mahomet oskarża Żydów z plemienia Banu Kurajza o zdradę. Kobiety i dzieci, które nie osiągnęły dojrzałości brane są do niewoli, by zostać wymienione na targu na konie i broń.<ref>Haykal, Muhammad Husayn (Author). Al-Faruqi, Ismail Raji (Translator). (2002). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false The Life of Muhammad]''. (p. 338). Selangor, Malaysia: Islamic Book Trust.</ref> Wszyscy dojrzali mężczyźni są skróceni o głowę na rozkaz Mahometa.<ref>Tafsir Ibn Kathir - [http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=33&tid=41539 The Campaign against Banu Qurayzah]</ref> ([[Banu Qurayza|''więcej na ten temat'']])
|-
|628 AD
|Porozumienie w Hudajbijja
|Mahomet i jego ludzie usiłują udać się na pielgrzymkę do Mekki. Ich siły spotykają się przed wejściem do miasta z poganami. Mahomet i pogańscy mieszkańcy Mekki zawierają porozumienie w Hudajbijja. Jest to dziesięcioletni rozejm.
|-
|628 AD
|Podbój Chajbaru
|Muzułmanie pod wodzą Mahometa otaczają oazę Chajbar. Bojownicy z oazy zostają zabici, a kobiety i dzieci zostają uznani za łup. Żydowski przywódca, Kinana, jest torturowany i skrócony o głowę, a młoda wdowa po nim, Safija, wzięta osobiście przez Mahometa. ([[Safiyah|''więcej na ten temat'']])
|-
|628 AD
|Otrucie w Chajbarze
|Zaraz po podbiciu Chajbaru przez muzułmanów pewna Żydówka imieniem Zaynab bint al-Harith podaje Mahometowi i jego ludziom zatrutą jagnięcinę. W wyniku tego Mahomet choruje. Następnie przesłuchuje ją<ref>"''Apostoł Allaha kazał przyprowadzić Zaynab i zapytał ją "Co skłoniło Cię, by zrobić to, co zrobiłaś?" Odpowiedziała mu "Ty zrobiłeś mojemu ludowi to, co zribiłeś. Zabiłeś mego ojca, wuja i męża, więc powiedziałam sobie "jeśli jesteś prorokiem, Allah poinformuje Cię o tym, jeśli zaś jesteś oszustem, uwolnię Twych ludzi od Ciebie.''" - Ibn Sa'd p. 252</ref> i każe ją zgładzić.<ref>"''...Apostoł Allaha (niech spoczywa w pokoju) wydał odnośnie niej (Żydówki) rozkazy i została zabita....''" - {{Abudawud|39|4496}} and {{Abudawud|39|4498}}</ref>
|-
|630 AD
|Podbój Mekki
|Muzułmanie zdobywają Mekkę. Mahomet jedzie na wielbłądzie do Kaaby, następnie zaczyna recytować wersy z Koranu, podczas gdy jego ludzie usuwają i niszczą wszystko, co mogą uznać za bałwochwalcze. Jest to pierwsze z niemuzułmańskich miejsc siłą zmienionych na meczet. ([[Worship Places Converted or Destroyed by Muslims|''więcej na ten temat'']])
|-
|630 AD
|Mahomet rządzi Arabią
|Muzułmanie wygrywają bitwę pod Hunajn stoczoną przeciw beduińskiemu plemieniu Hawazin i podbijają At-Ta’if. Biorą tam w niewolę 6000 kobiet i dzieci. Ich łupem pada również 24000 wielbłądów. Mahomet jest teraz władcą Arabii.
|-
|631 AD
|Wszyscy Arabowie podporządkowują się islamowi.
|Mahomet wysyła Chalida ibn al-Walida (po konwersji już muzułmanina) i innych wojowników do pozostałych arabskich i niemuzułmańskich plemion by zmusić ich do przejścia na islam.<ref>Ibn Ishaq, 645-646</ref>
|-
|631 AD
|Bitwa pod Tabuk
|Ta wyprawa jest pierwszym poważnym aktem agresji muzułmanów przeciw chrześcijanom. Dwie trzecie światowej populacji chrześcijan zostaną podbite, nim dojdzie do znacznie opóźnionej odpowiedzi w postaci krucjat. Zanim Mahomet dociera do Tabuk, siły bizantyjskie wycofują się stamtąd. Lokalni przywódcy chrześcijańscy zostają zmuszeni do płacenia dżizji i poddania się islamskim rządom.
|-
|632 AD
|Pożegnalna pielgrzymka
|Po ukończeniu pielgrzymki, Mahomet wygłasza swe słynne kazanie, które prowadzi do rozpoczęcia walki z chrześcijaństwem i zoroastrianizmem. ([[Farewell Sermon|''więcej na ten temat'']])
|-
|632 AD
|Śmierć Mahometa
|Ostatnie dni Mahomet spędza z A'iszą w jej domu, skąd nadal wydaje rozkazy i przeklina chrześcijan i Żydów.<ref>"''....Wówczas Mahomet rozkazał im, by zrobili trzy rzeczy. Powiedział "Wygońcie pogan z Półwyspu Arabskiego; odnoście się z szacunkiem do zagranicznych delegacji i obdarowujcie ich, jak widzieliście że ja sam czynię w stosunku do nich" (Said bin Jubair, subnarrator powiedział, że Ibn Abbas zachował milczenie odnośnie trzeciego nakazu lub powiedział "Zapomniałem.")''" - {{Bukhari|5|59|716}}</ref><ref>"''Opowiadała A'isza i Ibn 'Abbas: Na łożu śmierci Apostoł Allaha nakrył swą twarz prześcieradłem, a gdy było mu gorąco, zdejmował je z twarzy. Będąc w tym stanie (nakładania i zdejmowania prześcieradła) powiedział "Niech klątwa Allaha ciąży na żydach i chrześcijanach, jako że budują oni miejsca kultu na grobach swoich proroków." (W ten sposób) chciał przestrzec (muzułmanów) przed robieniem tego co zrobili żydzi i chrześcijanie.''" - {{Bukhari|4|56|660}}</ref> Osuwając się na jej pierś<ref>"...'''A'isza dodała: Umarł w dzień mojej zwyczajowej kolei w moim domu. Allah wziął go do siebie, gdy jego (Mahometa) głowa znajdowała się między moją piersią a szyją i jego ślina zmieszana była z moją.''..." - {{Bukhari|7|62|144}}</ref> umiera ósmego lipca. Ali (zięć i kuzyn Mahometa) ogłasza, że po śmierci Mahometa jego penis znajdował się we wzwodzie.<ref>"''....Abulfeda wspomina okrzyk Alego, który mył jego [Mahometa] ciało po śmierci "O proroku, Twój penis jest w erekcji aż do nieba!" (in Vit. Mohammed. p. 140).....''" - Edward Gibbon, [{{Reference archive|1=http://web.archive.org/web/20070417133412/http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/HTML.php?recordID=0214.09|2=2012-12-10}} "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire"], Vol. 9 Footnote 175</ref> ([[Muhammad's Death|''więcej na ten temat'']])
|}

==Zobacz też==

{{Hub4|Timelines|Chronologie}}
{{Hub4|Muhammad|Mahomet}}

{{Translation-links-english|[[La Linea Temporale di Maometto|Italian]]}}

==Linki zewnętrzne==

*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.easyislam.com/chronology_of_events_in_the_life_of_muhammad.asp|2=2012-02-01}} Chronology of Events in the Life of Muhammad (P.B.U.H)] ''- Muslim site''

==Przypisy==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Muhammad]]