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Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad und die satanischen Verse

2022-08-29T17:29:15Z

IchbinRidda:

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Dem orthodoxen sunnitischen Islam zufolge war der Koran als Ganzes nicht das inspirierte Wort eines Propheten, der den heiligen Geist Allahs kanalisierte, sondern vielmehr die Worte Allahs selbst, die über die Lippen seines letzten Apostels kamen. Daher ist jedes Wort des Korans in Allahs eigenem klaren Arabisch nicht nur göttlich inspiriert, sondern buchstäblich göttliche Rede. Trotz des hohen Stellenwerts, den der Koran in der islamischen Theologie einnimmt, wurden die heiligen Worte Allahs nach der islamischen Tradition zumindest einmal durch die Einflüsterungen des Satans besudelt. In dem, was als der Vorfall mit den satanischen Versen oder auch als Gharaniq (Kraniche) bekannt ist, flüsterte Satan dem Propheten Mohammed ins Ohr und verdarb einen göttlichen Vers Allahs und verwandelte ihn in eine Einladung zum Schirk, in Form der Anbetung der Töchter Allahs. Diese sind wiederum Gottheiten, die von den heidnischen Mekkanern zusätzlich zu Allah in ihrem Heiligtum, der Ka'bah, verehrt wurden. Dieser Vers machte Mohammed bei den heidnischen Mekkanern beliebt, die über Mohammeds Angriffe auf ihre Götter und seine Erklärungen, dass ihre Vorfahren in der Hölle seien, bestürzt waren. Aber auch bei seinen Anhängern, die über diese plötzliche Umarmung des Schirk durch Mohammed schockiert waren. Später zog Mohammed den Vers zurück und erklärte, er sei das Werk des Satans. Spätere Kommentatoren, Theologen und Gelehrte haben den Vorfall in Frage gestellt, wobei moderne Gelehrte anmerken, dass dieser Vorfall eine sehr gute Begründung für die Lehre von naskh liefert. Nichtsdestotrotz ist der Vorfall in der islamischen Tradition gut dokumentiert und wird unter anderem von Ibn Ishaq, Tabari und Bukhari bezeugt.

==Qur'an==

===Surah 53:19-22===

{{quote | {{cite quran|53|19|end=22|style=ref}} |Have ye seen Lat. and 'Uzza,<BR>And another, the third (goddess), Manat?<BR>What! for you the male sex, and for Him, the female?<BR>Behold, such would be indeed a division most unfair!}}

===Surah 22:52-53===

{{quote | {{cite quran|22|52|end=53|style=ref}} | Never did We send a messenger or a prophet before thee, but, when he framed a desire, Satan threw some (vanity) into his desire: but Allah will cancel anything (vain) that Satan throws in, and Allah will confirm (and establish) His Signs: for Allah is full of Knowledge and Wisdom:<BR><BR>
That He may make the suggestions thrown in by Satan, but a trial for those in whose hearts is a disease and who are hardened of heart: verily the wrong-doers are in a schism far (from the Truth):}}

==Hadith==

===Sahih Bukhari===

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|6|60|385}}|Narrated Ibn Abbas: The Prophet performed a prostration when he finished reciting Surat-an-Najm, and all the Muslims and pagans and Jinns and human beings prostrated along with him.}}

==Sira==

===Ibn Hisham===

{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=165-167}}|Now the apostle was anxious for the welfare of his people, wishing to attract them as far as he could. It has been mentioned that he longed for a way to attract them, and the method he adopted is what Ibn Hamid told me that Salama said M. b. Ishaq told him from Yazid b. Ziyad of Medina from M b. Ka'b al-Qurazi: When the apostle saw that his people turned their backs on him and he was pained by their estrangement from what he brought them from God he longed that there should come to him from God a message that would reconcile his people to him. Because of his love for his people and his anxiety over them it would delight him if the obstacle that made his task so difficult could be removed; so that he meditated on the project and longed for it and it was dear to him. Then God sent down ‘By the star when it sets your comrade errs not and is not deceived, he speaks not from his own desire,’ and when he reached His words Have you thought of al-Lat and al-'Uzza and Manat the third, the other, Satan, when he was meditating upon it, and desiring to bring it (sc. reconciliation) to his people, put upon his tongue ‘these are the exalted Gharaniq whose intercession is approved.' When Quraysh heard that, they were delighted and greatly pleased at the way in which he spoke of their gods and they listened to him; while the believers were holding that what their prophet brought them from their Lord was true, not suspecting a mistake or a vain desire or a slip, and when he reached the prostration and the end of the Sura in which he prostrated himself the Muslims prostrated themselves when their prophet prostrated confirming what he brought and obeying his command, and the polytheists of Quraysh and others who were in the mosque prostrated when they heard the mention of their gods, so that everyone in the mosque believer and unbeliever prostrated, except al-Walid b. al-Mughira who was an old man who could not do so, so he took a handful of dirt from the valley and bent over it. Then the people dispersed and Quraysh went out, delighted at what had been said about their gods, saying, ‘Muhammad has spoken of our gods in splendid fashion. He alleged in what he read that they are the exalted Ghariniq whose intercession is approved.’
The news reached the prophet’s companions who were in Abyssinia, it being reported that Quraysh had accepted Islam, so some men started to return while others remained behind. Then Gabriel came to the apostle and said, ‘What have you done, Muhammad? You have read to these people something I did not bring you from God and you have said what He did not say to you. The apostle was bitterly grieved and was greatly in fear of God. So God sent down (a revelation), for He was merciful to him, comforting him and making light of the affair and telling him. that every prophet and apostle before him desired as he desired and wanted what he wanted and Satan interjected something into his desires as he had on his tongue. So God annulled what Satan had suggested and God established His verses i.e. you are just like the prophets and apostles. Then God sent down: ‘We have not sent a prophet or apostle before you but when he longed Satan cast suggestions into his longing. But God will annul what Satan has suggested. Then God will establish his verses, God being knowing and Wise.’ Thus God relieved his prophet’s grief, and made him feel safe from his fears and annulled what Satan had suggested in the words used above about their gods by his revelation ‘Are yours the males and His the females? That were indeed an unfair division’ (i.e. most unjust); ‘they are nothing but names which your fathers gave them! as far as the words ‘to whom he pleases and accepts', i.e. how can the intercession of their gods avail with Him?
When the annulment of what Satan had put upon the prophet’s tongue came from God, Quraysh said: ‘Muhammad has repented of what he said about the position of your gods with Allah, altered it and brought something else.’ Now those two words which Satan had put upon the apostle’s tongue were in the mouth of every polytheist and they became more violently hostile to the Muslims and the apostle’s followers. Meanwhile those of his companions who had left Abyssinia when they heard that the people of Mecca had accepted Islam when they prostrated themselves with the apostle, heard when they approached Mecca that the report was false and none came into the town without the promise of protection or secretly.
Of those who did come into Mecca and stayed there until he migrated to Medina and were present at Badr with him was ‘Uthman b. 'Affan ... with his wife Ruqayya d. of the apostle and Abu Hudhayfa b. 'Utba with his wife Sahla d. of Suhayl, and a number of others, in all thirty-three men.}}

===Al Tabari===

{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VI|ISBN=0-88706-706-9|year=1988|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=M. V. McDonald|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1577/mode/2up|pages=107-112}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=337-341}}|<center>''Satan Casts a False Revelation on the Messenger of God's Tongue''</center>
<BR>
The Messenger of God was eager for the welfare of his people and wished to effect a reconciliation with them in whatever ways he could. It is said that he wanted to find a way to do this, and what happened was as follows.
<BR>
Ibn Humayd—Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq—Yazid b. Ziyad al-Madani—Muhammad b. Kali al-Qurazi: When the Messenger of God saw how his tribe turned their backs on him and was grieved to see them shunning the message he had brought to them from God, he longed in his soul that something would come to him from God which would reconcile him with his tribe. With his love for his tribe and his eagerness for their welfare it would have delighted him if some of the difficulties which they made for him could have been smoothed out, and he debated with himself and fervently desired such an outcome. Then God revealed:
<BR>
: ''By the Star when it sets, your comrade does not err, nor is''
: ''he deceived; nor does he speak out of (his own) desire ...''
and when he came to the words:

: '' Have you thought upon al-Lat and al-'Uzza and Manat, the third, the other?''
Satan cast on his tongue, because of his inner debates and what he desired to bring to his people, the words:

: ''These are the high-flying cranes; verily their intercession is accepted with approval.''
When Quraysh heard this, they rejoiced and were happy and delighted at the way in which he spoke of their gods, and they listened to him, while the Muslims, having complete trust in their Prophet in respect of the messages which he brought from God, did not suspect him of error, illusion, or mistake. When he came to the prostration, having completed the surah, he prostrated himself and the Muslims did likewise, following their Prophet, trusting in the message which he had brought and following his example. Those polytheists of the Quraysh and others who were in the Mosque likewise prostrated themselves because of the reference [1193] to their gods which they had heard, so that there was no one in the mosque, believer or unbeliever, who did not prostrate himself. The one exception was al-Walid b. al-Mughirah, who was a very old man and could not prostrate himself; but he took a handful of soil from the valley in his hand and bowed over that. Then they all dispersed from the mosque. The Quraysh left delighted by the mention of their gods which they had heard, saying, "Muhammad has mentioned our gods in the most favorable way possible, stating in his recitation that they are the high-flying cranes and that their intercession is received with approval."<BR>
The news of this prostration reached those of the Messenger of God's Companions who were in Abyssinia and people said, "The Quraysh have accepted Islam." Some rose up to return, while others remained behind. Then Gabriel came to the Messenger of God and said, "Muhammad, what have you done? You have recited to the people that which I did not bring to you from God, and you have said that which was not said to you." Then the Messenger of God was much grieved and feared God greatly, but God sent down a revelation to him, for He was merciful to him, consol?ing him and making the matter light for him, informing him that there had never been a prophet or a messenger before him who de sired as he desired and wished as he wished but that Satan had cast words into his recitation, as he had cast words on Muhammad's tongue. Then God cancelled what Satan had thus cast, and established his verses by telling him that he was like other prophets and messengers, and revealed:

: '' Never did we send a messenger or a prophet before you but that when he recited (the Message) Satan cast words into his recitation (umniyyah). God abrogates what Satan casts. Then God established his verses. God is knower, wise.''

Thus God removed the sorrow from his Messenger, reassured him about that which he had feared and cancelled the words [1194] which Satan had cast on his tongue, that their gods were the high-flying cranes whose intercession was accepted with approval. He now revealed, following the mention of "al-Lat, al-'Uzza and Manat, the third, the other," the words:

: ''Are yours the males and his the females? That indeed were an unfair division!<BR>They are but names which you have named, you and your fathers ...''<BR>
to the words:
: ''to whom he wills and accepts.''
This means, how can the intercession of their gods avail with God?
<BR>

When Muhammad brought a revelation from God cancelling what Satan had cast on the tongue of His Prophet, the Quraysh said, "Muhammad has repented of what he said concerning the position of your gods with God, and has altered it and brought something else." Those two phrases which Satan had cast on the tongue of the Messenger of God were in the mouth of every polytheists, and they became even more ill-disposed and more violent in their persecution of those of them who had accepted Islam and followed the Messenger of God.
<BR>

Those of the Companions of the Messenger of God who had left Abyssinia upon hearing that Quraysh had accepted Islam by prostrating themselves with the Messenger of God now approached. When they were near Mecca, they heard that the report that the people of Mecca had accepted Islam was false. Not one of them entered Mecca without obtaining protection or entering secretly. Among those who came to Mecca and remained there until they emigrated to al-Madinah and were present with the Prophet at Badr, were, from the Banu 'Abd Shams b. 'Abd Manaf b. Qusayy, 'Uthman b. 'Affan b. Abi al-'As b. Umayyah, accompanied by his wife Ruqayyah the daughter of the Messenger of God; Abu Hudhayfah b. 'Utbah b. Rabi'ah b. 'Abd Shams, accompanied by his [1195] wife Sahlah bt. Suhayl; together with a number of others numbering thirty-three men.

Al-Qasim b. al-Hasan—al-Husayn b. Daud—Hajja—Abu Ma-'shar—Muhammad b. Ka'b al-Qurazi and Muhammad b. Qays: The Messenger of God was sitting in a large gathering of Quraysh, wishing that day that no revelation would come to him from God which would cause them to turn away from him. Then God revealed:

: ''By the Star when it sets, your comrade does not err, nor is he deceived ...''
and the Messenger of God recited it until he came to:

: '' Have you thought upon al-Lat and al-'Uzza and Manat, the third, the other?''
when Satan cast on his tongue two phrases:

: ''These are the high flying cranes; verily their intercession is to be desired.''

He uttered them and went on to complete the surah. When he prostrated himself at the end of the surah, the whole company prostrated themselves with him. Al-Walid b. al-Mughirah raised some dust to his forehead and bowed over that, since he was a very old man and could not prostrate himself. They were satisfied with what Muhammad had uttered and said, "We recognize that it is God who gives life and death, who creates and who provides sustenance, but if these gods of ours intercede for us with him, and if you give them a share, we are with you."
<BR>

That evening Gabriel came to him and reviewed the surah with him, and when he reached the two phrases which Satan had cast upon his tongue he said, "I did not bring you these two." Then the Messenger of God said, "I have fabricated things against God and have imputed to Him words which He has not spoken." Then God revealed to him:

: ''And they indeed strove hard to beguile you away from what we have revealed to you, that you should invent other than it against us ...''

to the words:

: ''and then you would have found no helper against us.''
He remained grief-stricken and anxious until the revelation of the verse:

: ''[1196] Never did we send a messenger or a prophet before you ...''
to the words

: '' ... God is knower, wise.''
When those who had emigrated to Abyssinia heard that all the people of Mecca had accepted Islam, they returned to their clans, saying, "They are more dear to us"; but they found that the people had reversed their decision when God cancelled what Satan had cast upon the Messenger of God's tongue.<ref>Al-Tabari (838? – 923 A.D.), The History of al-Tabari (Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk), Vol. VI: Muhammad at Mecca, pp. 107-112. Translated by W. M. Watt and M.V. McDonald, SUNY Press, Albany, NY, 1988, ISBN: 0-88706-707-7, pp. 107-112.</ref>}}

===Ibn Sa'd===

{{Quote||<center>''Account of the Causes of the Return of the Companions of the Prophet, from Abyssinia''</center>

Muhammad Ibn Umar informed us; he said: Yunus Ibn Muhammad Ibn Fudalah al-Azfari related to me on the authority of his father (second chain) he (Ibn Sa'd) said: Kthir Ibn Zayd related to me on the authority of al-Muttalib Ibn Abd Allah Ibn Hantab; they said: "the apostle of Allah had seen his people departing from him. He was one day sitting alone when he expressed a desire: "I wish, Allah had not revealed to me anything distasteful to them."

Then the apostle of Allah, approached them (Quraysh) and got close to them, and they also came near to him. One day he was sitting in their assembly near the Ka'bah, and he recited: "By the Star when it sets", (1) till he reached, "Have ye thought upon Al-Uzza and Manat, the third, the other". (2) Satan made him repeat these two phrases: "These idols are high and their intercession is expected". The apostle of Allah repeated them, and he went on reciting the whole surah and then fell in prostration, and the people also fell in prostration with him. Al-Walid Ibn al-Mughirah, who was an old man and could not prostrate, took a handful of dust to his forehead and prostrated on it. It is said: Abu Uhayhah Sa'id Ibn al-As, being an old man took dust and prostrated on it. Some people say: It was al-Walid who took the dust; others say: It was Abu Uhayhah; while other say: Both did it. They were pleased with what the apostle of Allah had uttered. They said: "We know that Allah gives life and causes death. He creates and gives us provisions, but our deities will intercede with Him, and in what you have assigned to them, we are with you." These words pricked the apostle of Allah.

He was sitting in his house and when it was evening, Gabriel came to him and revised the surah. Then Gabriel said: "Did I bring these two phrases?" The apostle of Allah said: "I ascribed to Allah, what He had not said."

Then Allah revealed to him: "And they indeed strove hard to beguile you (Muhammad) away from that which We have inspired you, that you should invent other than it against Us; and then would they have accepted you as a friend. And if We had not made you wholly firm you might almost have inclined to them a little, Then had We made you taste a double (punishment) of living and a double (punishment) of dying then had you found no helper against Us.""(1)

Muhammad Ibn Umar informed us; he said: Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah related to me on the authority of al-Zuhri, he on the authority of Abu Bakr Ibn Abd al-Rahman Ibn al-Harith Ibn Hisham; he said: "This prostration became know to people till the news reached Abyssinia and the Companions of the apostle of Allah that the people of Makkah fell in protraction and joined Islam including al-Walid. Ibn al-Mughirah and Abu Uhayhah who prostrated behind the prophet. The people said: "When such persons have joined Islam, who else remains in Makkah?" They said: "Our relatives are dear to us." So they returned. Where they were at a distance of one hour's walk from Makkah, they confronted some horsemen of Kinanah. They inquired about the Quraysh and their affairs. The horse men said: "Muhammad spoke well of their deities, so they followed him but then they turned apostate. He began to abuse their gods and they began to harm him. We left them in this struggle." They discussed that they should return to Abyssinia; but then they said: "We have reached here, so let us enter (the town), see the Quraysh and visit our families and then return.""

Muhammad Ibn Umar informed us; he said: Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah related to me on the authority of al-Zuhri, he on the authority of Abu Bakr Ibn Abd al Rahman; he said: "They entered Makkah and none entered it except under (some one's) protection; Ibn Masud stayed for a short time and returned to Abyssinia."

Muhammad Ibn Umar said: "They had left (Makkah) in the month of Rajab in the fifth year. There they remained in the months of Shaban and Ramadan. The incident of prostration took place in Ramadan, and they returned in Shawwal in the fifth year."<ref>Ibn Sa'd's "Kitab al Tabaqat al Kabir" (Book of the Major Classes), Volume 1, parts 1 and 2, pp. 236 - 239, translated by S. Moinul Haq, published by the Pakistan Historical Society.</ref>}}

===Al Waqidi===

{{Quote||"On a certain day, the chief men of Mecca, assembled in a group beside the Kaaba, discussed as was their wont the affairs of the city; when Mahomet appeared and, seating himself by them in a friendly manner, began to recite in their hearing the 53 Sura.... "

"And see ye not Lat and Ozza, and Manat the third besides?"

"When he had reached this verse, the devil suggested an expression of the thoughts which for many a day had possessed his soul; and put into his mouth words of reconciliation and compromise, the revelation of which he had been longing for from God, namely;

"These are the exalted Females, and verily their intercession is to be hoped for"

"The Coreish were surprised and delighted with this acknowledgement of their deities; and as Mahomet wound up the Sura with the closing words

"Wherefore bow down before God, and serve Him"

"the whole assembly prostrated themselves with one accord on the ground and worshipped. Walid alone, the son of Mughira, unable from the infirmities of age to bow down, took a handful of earth and worshipped, pressing it to his forehead."

"And all the people were pleased at that which Mahomet had spoke, and they began to say,
"Now we know that it is the Lord alone that give life and takes it away, that created and supports. These our goddesses make intercession with Him for us; and as thou has conceded unto them a portion, we are content to follow thee". But their words disquieted Mahomet, and he retired to his house. In the evening Gabriel visited him; and the prophet recited the Sura unto him. And Gabriel said, "What is this that thou has done? Thou has repeated before the people words that I never gave unto thee". So Mahomet grieved sore, and feared the Lord greatly; and he said, "I have spoken of God that which He had not said." But the Lord comforted His prophet, and restored his confidence, and cancelled the verse, and revealed the true reading thereof (as it now stands), namely,

"And see ye not Lat and Ozza, and Manat the third beside? What! Shall there be male progeny unto you, and female unto him? That were indeed an unjust partition! They are naught but names, which ye and your Fathers have invented, etc."<ref> "The Life of Mahomet", Volume 2, pp. 150 - 152, by W. Muir, quoting "Kitab al-Wakidi", published in London.</ref>}}

==Tafsir==

===Al-Jalalayn===

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.altafsir.com%2FTafasir.asp%3FtMadhNo%3D0%26tTafsirNo%3D74%26tSoraNo%3D22%26tAyahNo%3D52%26tDisplay%3Dyes%26UserProfile%3D0%26LanguageId%3D2|2=2013-03-26}} Surah 22 Ayah 52-53]<BR>Tafsir al-Jalalayn, trans. Feras Hamza, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought|2=And We did not send before you any messenger (rasūl) — this is a prophet who has been commanded to deliver a Message — or prophet (nabī) — one who has not been commanded to deliver anything — but that when he recited [the scripture] Satan cast into his recitation, what is not from the Qur’ān, but which those to whom he [the prophet] had been sent would find pleasing. The Prophet (s) had, during an assembly of the [men of] Quraysh, after reciting the [following verses from] sūrat al-Najm, Have you considered Lāt and ‘Uzzā? And Manāt, the third one? [53:19-20] added, as a result of Satan casting them onto his tongue without his [the Prophet’s] being aware of it, [the following words]: ‘those are the high-flying cranes (al-gharānīq al-‘ulā) and indeed their intercession is to be hoped for’, and so they [the men of Quraysh] were thereby delighted. Gabriel, however, later informed him [the Prophet] of this that Satan had cast onto his tongue and he was grieved by it; but was [subsequently] comforted with this following verse that he might be reassured [of God’s pleasure]: thereat God abrogates, nullifies, whatever Satan had cast, then God confirms His revelations. And God is Knower, of Satan’s casting of that which has been mentioned, Wise, in His enabling him [Satan] to do such things, for He does whatever He will.<BR><BR>That He may make what Satan has cast a trial, a test, for those in whose hearts is a sickness, dissension and hypocrisy, and those whose hearts are hardened, namely, the idolaters, [hardened] against acceptance of the truth. For truly the evildoers, the disbelievers, are [steeped] in extreme defiance, [in] a protracted feud with the Prophet (s) and the believers, for his tongue uttered mention of their gods in a way that pleased them, and yet this was later nullified.}}

==See Also==

{{Hub4|Satanic Verses|Satanic Verses}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:QHS]]
[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Qur'anic textual history]]
[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Jinn]]
[[Category:Sihr (Magic)]]
[[Category:Revelation]]

Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad und die satanischen Verse

2022-08-29T17:16:52Z

IchbinRidda:

{{QualityScore|Lead=4|Structure=4|Content=4|Language=3|References=3}}
{{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}}

Dem orthodoxen sunnitischen Islam zufolge war der Koran als Ganzes nicht das inspirierte Wort eines Propheten, der den heiligen Geist Allahs kanalisierte, sondern vielmehr die Worte Allahs selbst, die über die Lippen seines letzten Apostels kamen. Daher ist jedes Wort des Korans in Allahs eigenem klaren Arabisch nicht nur göttlich inspiriert, sondern buchstäblich göttliche Rede. Trotz des hohen Stellenwerts, den der Koran in der islamischen Theologie einnimmt, wurden die heiligen Worte Allahs nach der islamischen Tradition zumindest einmal durch die Einflüsterungen des Satans besudelt. In dem, was als der Vorfall mit den satanischen Versen oder auch als Gharaniq (Kraniche) bekannt ist, flüsterte Satan allen großen Biographen des Propheten Mohammed ins Ohr und verdarb einen göttlichen Vers Allahs und verwandelte ihn in eine Einladung zum Schirk, in Form der Anbetung der Töchter Allahs, Gottheiten, die von den heidnischen Mekkanern zusätzlich zu Allah in ihrem Heiligtum, der Ka'bah, verehrt wurden. Dieser Vers machte Mohammed bei den heidnischen Mekkanern beliebt, die über Mohammeds Angriffe auf ihre Götter und seine Erklärungen, dass ihre Vorfahren in der Hölle seien, bestürzt waren, aber auch bei seinen Anhängern, die über diese plötzliche Umarmung des Schirk durch Mohammed schockiert waren. Später zog Mohammed den Vers zurück und erklärte, er sei das Werk des Satans. Spätere Kommentatoren, Theologen und Gelehrte haben den Vorfall in Frage gestellt, wobei moderne Gelehrte anmerken, dass dieser Vorfall eine sehr gute Begründung für die Lehre von naskh liefert. Nichtsdestotrotz ist der Vorfall in der islamischen Tradition gut dokumentiert und wird unter anderem von Ibn Ishaq, Tabari und Bukhari bezeugt.

==Qur'an==

===Surah 53:19-22===

{{quote | {{cite quran|53|19|end=22|style=ref}} |Have ye seen Lat. and 'Uzza,<BR>And another, the third (goddess), Manat?<BR>What! for you the male sex, and for Him, the female?<BR>Behold, such would be indeed a division most unfair!}}

===Surah 22:52-53===

{{quote | {{cite quran|22|52|end=53|style=ref}} | Never did We send a messenger or a prophet before thee, but, when he framed a desire, Satan threw some (vanity) into his desire: but Allah will cancel anything (vain) that Satan throws in, and Allah will confirm (and establish) His Signs: for Allah is full of Knowledge and Wisdom:<BR><BR>
That He may make the suggestions thrown in by Satan, but a trial for those in whose hearts is a disease and who are hardened of heart: verily the wrong-doers are in a schism far (from the Truth):}}

==Hadith==

===Sahih Bukhari===

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|6|60|385}}|Narrated Ibn Abbas: The Prophet performed a prostration when he finished reciting Surat-an-Najm, and all the Muslims and pagans and Jinns and human beings prostrated along with him.}}

==Sira==

===Ibn Hisham===

{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=165-167}}|Now the apostle was anxious for the welfare of his people, wishing to attract them as far as he could. It has been mentioned that he longed for a way to attract them, and the method he adopted is what Ibn Hamid told me that Salama said M. b. Ishaq told him from Yazid b. Ziyad of Medina from M b. Ka'b al-Qurazi: When the apostle saw that his people turned their backs on him and he was pained by their estrangement from what he brought them from God he longed that there should come to him from God a message that would reconcile his people to him. Because of his love for his people and his anxiety over them it would delight him if the obstacle that made his task so difficult could be removed; so that he meditated on the project and longed for it and it was dear to him. Then God sent down ‘By the star when it sets your comrade errs not and is not deceived, he speaks not from his own desire,’ and when he reached His words Have you thought of al-Lat and al-'Uzza and Manat the third, the other, Satan, when he was meditating upon it, and desiring to bring it (sc. reconciliation) to his people, put upon his tongue ‘these are the exalted Gharaniq whose intercession is approved.' When Quraysh heard that, they were delighted and greatly pleased at the way in which he spoke of their gods and they listened to him; while the believers were holding that what their prophet brought them from their Lord was true, not suspecting a mistake or a vain desire or a slip, and when he reached the prostration and the end of the Sura in which he prostrated himself the Muslims prostrated themselves when their prophet prostrated confirming what he brought and obeying his command, and the polytheists of Quraysh and others who were in the mosque prostrated when they heard the mention of their gods, so that everyone in the mosque believer and unbeliever prostrated, except al-Walid b. al-Mughira who was an old man who could not do so, so he took a handful of dirt from the valley and bent over it. Then the people dispersed and Quraysh went out, delighted at what had been said about their gods, saying, ‘Muhammad has spoken of our gods in splendid fashion. He alleged in what he read that they are the exalted Ghariniq whose intercession is approved.’
The news reached the prophet’s companions who were in Abyssinia, it being reported that Quraysh had accepted Islam, so some men started to return while others remained behind. Then Gabriel came to the apostle and said, ‘What have you done, Muhammad? You have read to these people something I did not bring you from God and you have said what He did not say to you. The apostle was bitterly grieved and was greatly in fear of God. So God sent down (a revelation), for He was merciful to him, comforting him and making light of the affair and telling him. that every prophet and apostle before him desired as he desired and wanted what he wanted and Satan interjected something into his desires as he had on his tongue. So God annulled what Satan had suggested and God established His verses i.e. you are just like the prophets and apostles. Then God sent down: ‘We have not sent a prophet or apostle before you but when he longed Satan cast suggestions into his longing. But God will annul what Satan has suggested. Then God will establish his verses, God being knowing and Wise.’ Thus God relieved his prophet’s grief, and made him feel safe from his fears and annulled what Satan had suggested in the words used above about their gods by his revelation ‘Are yours the males and His the females? That were indeed an unfair division’ (i.e. most unjust); ‘they are nothing but names which your fathers gave them! as far as the words ‘to whom he pleases and accepts', i.e. how can the intercession of their gods avail with Him?
When the annulment of what Satan had put upon the prophet’s tongue came from God, Quraysh said: ‘Muhammad has repented of what he said about the position of your gods with Allah, altered it and brought something else.’ Now those two words which Satan had put upon the apostle’s tongue were in the mouth of every polytheist and they became more violently hostile to the Muslims and the apostle’s followers. Meanwhile those of his companions who had left Abyssinia when they heard that the people of Mecca had accepted Islam when they prostrated themselves with the apostle, heard when they approached Mecca that the report was false and none came into the town without the promise of protection or secretly.
Of those who did come into Mecca and stayed there until he migrated to Medina and were present at Badr with him was ‘Uthman b. 'Affan ... with his wife Ruqayya d. of the apostle and Abu Hudhayfa b. 'Utba with his wife Sahla d. of Suhayl, and a number of others, in all thirty-three men.}}

===Al Tabari===

{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VI|ISBN=0-88706-706-9|year=1988|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=M. V. McDonald|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1577/mode/2up|pages=107-112}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=337-341}}|<center>''Satan Casts a False Revelation on the Messenger of God's Tongue''</center>
<BR>
The Messenger of God was eager for the welfare of his people and wished to effect a reconciliation with them in whatever ways he could. It is said that he wanted to find a way to do this, and what happened was as follows.
<BR>
Ibn Humayd—Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq—Yazid b. Ziyad al-Madani—Muhammad b. Kali al-Qurazi: When the Messenger of God saw how his tribe turned their backs on him and was grieved to see them shunning the message he had brought to them from God, he longed in his soul that something would come to him from God which would reconcile him with his tribe. With his love for his tribe and his eagerness for their welfare it would have delighted him if some of the difficulties which they made for him could have been smoothed out, and he debated with himself and fervently desired such an outcome. Then God revealed:
<BR>
: ''By the Star when it sets, your comrade does not err, nor is''
: ''he deceived; nor does he speak out of (his own) desire ...''
and when he came to the words:

: '' Have you thought upon al-Lat and al-'Uzza and Manat, the third, the other?''
Satan cast on his tongue, because of his inner debates and what he desired to bring to his people, the words:

: ''These are the high-flying cranes; verily their intercession is accepted with approval.''
When Quraysh heard this, they rejoiced and were happy and delighted at the way in which he spoke of their gods, and they listened to him, while the Muslims, having complete trust in their Prophet in respect of the messages which he brought from God, did not suspect him of error, illusion, or mistake. When he came to the prostration, having completed the surah, he prostrated himself and the Muslims did likewise, following their Prophet, trusting in the message which he had brought and following his example. Those polytheists of the Quraysh and others who were in the Mosque likewise prostrated themselves because of the reference [1193] to their gods which they had heard, so that there was no one in the mosque, believer or unbeliever, who did not prostrate himself. The one exception was al-Walid b. al-Mughirah, who was a very old man and could not prostrate himself; but he took a handful of soil from the valley in his hand and bowed over that. Then they all dispersed from the mosque. The Quraysh left delighted by the mention of their gods which they had heard, saying, "Muhammad has mentioned our gods in the most favorable way possible, stating in his recitation that they are the high-flying cranes and that their intercession is received with approval."<BR>
The news of this prostration reached those of the Messenger of God's Companions who were in Abyssinia and people said, "The Quraysh have accepted Islam." Some rose up to return, while others remained behind. Then Gabriel came to the Messenger of God and said, "Muhammad, what have you done? You have recited to the people that which I did not bring to you from God, and you have said that which was not said to you." Then the Messenger of God was much grieved and feared God greatly, but God sent down a revelation to him, for He was merciful to him, consol?ing him and making the matter light for him, informing him that there had never been a prophet or a messenger before him who de sired as he desired and wished as he wished but that Satan had cast words into his recitation, as he had cast words on Muhammad's tongue. Then God cancelled what Satan had thus cast, and established his verses by telling him that he was like other prophets and messengers, and revealed:

: '' Never did we send a messenger or a prophet before you but that when he recited (the Message) Satan cast words into his recitation (umniyyah). God abrogates what Satan casts. Then God established his verses. God is knower, wise.''

Thus God removed the sorrow from his Messenger, reassured him about that which he had feared and cancelled the words [1194] which Satan had cast on his tongue, that their gods were the high-flying cranes whose intercession was accepted with approval. He now revealed, following the mention of "al-Lat, al-'Uzza and Manat, the third, the other," the words:

: ''Are yours the males and his the females? That indeed were an unfair division!<BR>They are but names which you have named, you and your fathers ...''<BR>
to the words:
: ''to whom he wills and accepts.''
This means, how can the intercession of their gods avail with God?
<BR>

When Muhammad brought a revelation from God cancelling what Satan had cast on the tongue of His Prophet, the Quraysh said, "Muhammad has repented of what he said concerning the position of your gods with God, and has altered it and brought something else." Those two phrases which Satan had cast on the tongue of the Messenger of God were in the mouth of every polytheists, and they became even more ill-disposed and more violent in their persecution of those of them who had accepted Islam and followed the Messenger of God.
<BR>

Those of the Companions of the Messenger of God who had left Abyssinia upon hearing that Quraysh had accepted Islam by prostrating themselves with the Messenger of God now approached. When they were near Mecca, they heard that the report that the people of Mecca had accepted Islam was false. Not one of them entered Mecca without obtaining protection or entering secretly. Among those who came to Mecca and remained there until they emigrated to al-Madinah and were present with the Prophet at Badr, were, from the Banu 'Abd Shams b. 'Abd Manaf b. Qusayy, 'Uthman b. 'Affan b. Abi al-'As b. Umayyah, accompanied by his wife Ruqayyah the daughter of the Messenger of God; Abu Hudhayfah b. 'Utbah b. Rabi'ah b. 'Abd Shams, accompanied by his [1195] wife Sahlah bt. Suhayl; together with a number of others numbering thirty-three men.

Al-Qasim b. al-Hasan—al-Husayn b. Daud—Hajja—Abu Ma-'shar—Muhammad b. Ka'b al-Qurazi and Muhammad b. Qays: The Messenger of God was sitting in a large gathering of Quraysh, wishing that day that no revelation would come to him from God which would cause them to turn away from him. Then God revealed:

: ''By the Star when it sets, your comrade does not err, nor is he deceived ...''
and the Messenger of God recited it until he came to:

: '' Have you thought upon al-Lat and al-'Uzza and Manat, the third, the other?''
when Satan cast on his tongue two phrases:

: ''These are the high flying cranes; verily their intercession is to be desired.''

He uttered them and went on to complete the surah. When he prostrated himself at the end of the surah, the whole company prostrated themselves with him. Al-Walid b. al-Mughirah raised some dust to his forehead and bowed over that, since he was a very old man and could not prostrate himself. They were satisfied with what Muhammad had uttered and said, "We recognize that it is God who gives life and death, who creates and who provides sustenance, but if these gods of ours intercede for us with him, and if you give them a share, we are with you."
<BR>

That evening Gabriel came to him and reviewed the surah with him, and when he reached the two phrases which Satan had cast upon his tongue he said, "I did not bring you these two." Then the Messenger of God said, "I have fabricated things against God and have imputed to Him words which He has not spoken." Then God revealed to him:

: ''And they indeed strove hard to beguile you away from what we have revealed to you, that you should invent other than it against us ...''

to the words:

: ''and then you would have found no helper against us.''
He remained grief-stricken and anxious until the revelation of the verse:

: ''[1196] Never did we send a messenger or a prophet before you ...''
to the words

: '' ... God is knower, wise.''
When those who had emigrated to Abyssinia heard that all the people of Mecca had accepted Islam, they returned to their clans, saying, "They are more dear to us"; but they found that the people had reversed their decision when God cancelled what Satan had cast upon the Messenger of God's tongue.<ref>Al-Tabari (838? – 923 A.D.), The History of al-Tabari (Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk), Vol. VI: Muhammad at Mecca, pp. 107-112. Translated by W. M. Watt and M.V. McDonald, SUNY Press, Albany, NY, 1988, ISBN: 0-88706-707-7, pp. 107-112.</ref>}}

===Ibn Sa'd===

{{Quote||<center>''Account of the Causes of the Return of the Companions of the Prophet, from Abyssinia''</center>

Muhammad Ibn Umar informed us; he said: Yunus Ibn Muhammad Ibn Fudalah al-Azfari related to me on the authority of his father (second chain) he (Ibn Sa'd) said: Kthir Ibn Zayd related to me on the authority of al-Muttalib Ibn Abd Allah Ibn Hantab; they said: "the apostle of Allah had seen his people departing from him. He was one day sitting alone when he expressed a desire: "I wish, Allah had not revealed to me anything distasteful to them."

Then the apostle of Allah, approached them (Quraysh) and got close to them, and they also came near to him. One day he was sitting in their assembly near the Ka'bah, and he recited: "By the Star when it sets", (1) till he reached, "Have ye thought upon Al-Uzza and Manat, the third, the other". (2) Satan made him repeat these two phrases: "These idols are high and their intercession is expected". The apostle of Allah repeated them, and he went on reciting the whole surah and then fell in prostration, and the people also fell in prostration with him. Al-Walid Ibn al-Mughirah, who was an old man and could not prostrate, took a handful of dust to his forehead and prostrated on it. It is said: Abu Uhayhah Sa'id Ibn al-As, being an old man took dust and prostrated on it. Some people say: It was al-Walid who took the dust; others say: It was Abu Uhayhah; while other say: Both did it. They were pleased with what the apostle of Allah had uttered. They said: "We know that Allah gives life and causes death. He creates and gives us provisions, but our deities will intercede with Him, and in what you have assigned to them, we are with you." These words pricked the apostle of Allah.

He was sitting in his house and when it was evening, Gabriel came to him and revised the surah. Then Gabriel said: "Did I bring these two phrases?" The apostle of Allah said: "I ascribed to Allah, what He had not said."

Then Allah revealed to him: "And they indeed strove hard to beguile you (Muhammad) away from that which We have inspired you, that you should invent other than it against Us; and then would they have accepted you as a friend. And if We had not made you wholly firm you might almost have inclined to them a little, Then had We made you taste a double (punishment) of living and a double (punishment) of dying then had you found no helper against Us.""(1)

Muhammad Ibn Umar informed us; he said: Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah related to me on the authority of al-Zuhri, he on the authority of Abu Bakr Ibn Abd al-Rahman Ibn al-Harith Ibn Hisham; he said: "This prostration became know to people till the news reached Abyssinia and the Companions of the apostle of Allah that the people of Makkah fell in protraction and joined Islam including al-Walid. Ibn al-Mughirah and Abu Uhayhah who prostrated behind the prophet. The people said: "When such persons have joined Islam, who else remains in Makkah?" They said: "Our relatives are dear to us." So they returned. Where they were at a distance of one hour's walk from Makkah, they confronted some horsemen of Kinanah. They inquired about the Quraysh and their affairs. The horse men said: "Muhammad spoke well of their deities, so they followed him but then they turned apostate. He began to abuse their gods and they began to harm him. We left them in this struggle." They discussed that they should return to Abyssinia; but then they said: "We have reached here, so let us enter (the town), see the Quraysh and visit our families and then return.""

Muhammad Ibn Umar informed us; he said: Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah related to me on the authority of al-Zuhri, he on the authority of Abu Bakr Ibn Abd al Rahman; he said: "They entered Makkah and none entered it except under (some one's) protection; Ibn Masud stayed for a short time and returned to Abyssinia."

Muhammad Ibn Umar said: "They had left (Makkah) in the month of Rajab in the fifth year. There they remained in the months of Shaban and Ramadan. The incident of prostration took place in Ramadan, and they returned in Shawwal in the fifth year."<ref>Ibn Sa'd's "Kitab al Tabaqat al Kabir" (Book of the Major Classes), Volume 1, parts 1 and 2, pp. 236 - 239, translated by S. Moinul Haq, published by the Pakistan Historical Society.</ref>}}

===Al Waqidi===

{{Quote||"On a certain day, the chief men of Mecca, assembled in a group beside the Kaaba, discussed as was their wont the affairs of the city; when Mahomet appeared and, seating himself by them in a friendly manner, began to recite in their hearing the 53 Sura.... "

"And see ye not Lat and Ozza, and Manat the third besides?"

"When he had reached this verse, the devil suggested an expression of the thoughts which for many a day had possessed his soul; and put into his mouth words of reconciliation and compromise, the revelation of which he had been longing for from God, namely;

"These are the exalted Females, and verily their intercession is to be hoped for"

"The Coreish were surprised and delighted with this acknowledgement of their deities; and as Mahomet wound up the Sura with the closing words

"Wherefore bow down before God, and serve Him"

"the whole assembly prostrated themselves with one accord on the ground and worshipped. Walid alone, the son of Mughira, unable from the infirmities of age to bow down, took a handful of earth and worshipped, pressing it to his forehead."

"And all the people were pleased at that which Mahomet had spoke, and they began to say,
"Now we know that it is the Lord alone that give life and takes it away, that created and supports. These our goddesses make intercession with Him for us; and as thou has conceded unto them a portion, we are content to follow thee". But their words disquieted Mahomet, and he retired to his house. In the evening Gabriel visited him; and the prophet recited the Sura unto him. And Gabriel said, "What is this that thou has done? Thou has repeated before the people words that I never gave unto thee". So Mahomet grieved sore, and feared the Lord greatly; and he said, "I have spoken of God that which He had not said." But the Lord comforted His prophet, and restored his confidence, and cancelled the verse, and revealed the true reading thereof (as it now stands), namely,

"And see ye not Lat and Ozza, and Manat the third beside? What! Shall there be male progeny unto you, and female unto him? That were indeed an unjust partition! They are naught but names, which ye and your Fathers have invented, etc."<ref> "The Life of Mahomet", Volume 2, pp. 150 - 152, by W. Muir, quoting "Kitab al-Wakidi", published in London.</ref>}}

==Tafsir==

===Al-Jalalayn===

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.altafsir.com%2FTafasir.asp%3FtMadhNo%3D0%26tTafsirNo%3D74%26tSoraNo%3D22%26tAyahNo%3D52%26tDisplay%3Dyes%26UserProfile%3D0%26LanguageId%3D2|2=2013-03-26}} Surah 22 Ayah 52-53]<BR>Tafsir al-Jalalayn, trans. Feras Hamza, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought|2=And We did not send before you any messenger (rasūl) — this is a prophet who has been commanded to deliver a Message — or prophet (nabī) — one who has not been commanded to deliver anything — but that when he recited [the scripture] Satan cast into his recitation, what is not from the Qur’ān, but which those to whom he [the prophet] had been sent would find pleasing. The Prophet (s) had, during an assembly of the [men of] Quraysh, after reciting the [following verses from] sūrat al-Najm, Have you considered Lāt and ‘Uzzā? And Manāt, the third one? [53:19-20] added, as a result of Satan casting them onto his tongue without his [the Prophet’s] being aware of it, [the following words]: ‘those are the high-flying cranes (al-gharānīq al-‘ulā) and indeed their intercession is to be hoped for’, and so they [the men of Quraysh] were thereby delighted. Gabriel, however, later informed him [the Prophet] of this that Satan had cast onto his tongue and he was grieved by it; but was [subsequently] comforted with this following verse that he might be reassured [of God’s pleasure]: thereat God abrogates, nullifies, whatever Satan had cast, then God confirms His revelations. And God is Knower, of Satan’s casting of that which has been mentioned, Wise, in His enabling him [Satan] to do such things, for He does whatever He will.<BR><BR>That He may make what Satan has cast a trial, a test, for those in whose hearts is a sickness, dissension and hypocrisy, and those whose hearts are hardened, namely, the idolaters, [hardened] against acceptance of the truth. For truly the evildoers, the disbelievers, are [steeped] in extreme defiance, [in] a protracted feud with the Prophet (s) and the believers, for his tongue uttered mention of their gods in a way that pleased them, and yet this was later nullified.}}

==See Also==

{{Hub4|Satanic Verses|Satanic Verses}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:QHS]]
[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Qur'anic textual history]]
[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Jinn]]
[[Category:Sihr (Magic)]]
[[Category:Revelation]]

Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Die islamische Tradition

2022-03-04T20:04:12Z

IchbinRidda: /* Qur'an, Hadith and Sunnah */

{{QualityScore|Lead=4|Structure=3|Content=3|Language=3|References=3}}
{{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}}

Nach traditioneller sunnitischer Auffassung offenbarte Allah seine Botschaft seinem letzten Gesandten, dem Propheten Mohammed. Diese letzte Offenbarung, der heilige Koran, enthält Allahs Worte, die er vor der Existenz von Zeit und Raum ausgesprochen hat. Als solcher ist der heilige Koran der unanfechtbare und vollkommene Wegweiser für alle Angelegenheiten. U.a. werden von der Religion über die Ehe bis hin zum Leben nach dem Tod und allem, was dazwischen erwähnt. Der Koran beschäftigt sich jedoch nicht mit Angelegenheiten der Religion und des Lebens, die Allah ins besondere am Herzen liegen. Darüber hinaus ist vieles im heiligen Koran (trotz seines Anspruchs, "klar" und "offensichtlich" zu sein) in Wirklichkeit sehr fraglich und nicht nachvollziehbar. Der Koran weist damit erhebliche Lücken in Hinblick auf die wahre Botschaft fpr den Menschen auf. Um diese Lücken füllen zu können und den Koran somit zu vervollständigen, stützen sich Gelehrte oder Ulama auf die Sunna als auch auf die Überlieferungen des Propheten selbst. Nach Uswa Hasana ist Mohammed der "vollkommene Mensch", dessen Verhalten in allen Bereichen des Lebens als ein perfektes Beispiel für die Menschheit angesehen werden kann und es somit auch zu befolgen gilt. Die Überlieferungen seiner Worte und Taten, die von seinen engsten Gefährten und Familienmitgliedern (den Sahabah) weitergegeben und schließlich im 9., 10. und 11. Jahrhundert schriftlich festgehalten wurden, bilden die Gesamtheit individueller Erinnerungen. Genannte werden diese Niederschriften der Hadith (oder auch die Hadithe). Darüber hinaus sammelten Historiker im 8., 9. und 10. Jahrhundert historische Erzählungen über das Leben der Propheten, die sowohl Beispiele für das Verhalten der Propheten als auch Erklärungen für Verse im Koran liefern. Bezeichnet werden diese Geschichten als Sira des Propheten. Die genannten Niederschriften gelten als Sunna oder Tradition des Propheten. Sie wird von den Autoritäten des sunnitischen Islams zusammen mit dem Koran als perfekter, unfehlbarer Leitfaden für die Menschheit in allen Angelegenheiten betrachtet.
==Koran, Hadith und Sunna==

===Die Schriften verstehen===

====Abrogation====

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|106}}|None of Our revelations do We abrogate or cause to be forgotten, but We substitute something better or similar: Knowest thou not that Allah Hath power over all things?}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|13|39}}|Allah doth blot out or confirm what He pleaseth: with Him is the Mother of the Book.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|101}}|And when We change (one) communication for (another) communication, and Allah knows best what He reveals, they say: You are only a forger. Nay, most of them do not know.}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|3|675}}|The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) abrogated some of his commands by others, '''just as the Qur'an abrogates''' some part with the other.}}

Sehe auch: [[Abrogation]]

====Der Koran ist einfach zu verstehen====

{{Quote|{{Quran|44|58}}|Verily, We have made this (Qur'an) easy, in thy tongue, in order that they may give heed.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|54|17}}|And '''We have indeed made the Qur'an easy to understand''' and remember: then is there any that will receive admonition?|See also: {{Quran|54|22}}, {{Quran|54|32}}, and {{Quran|54|40}}}}

====Muslims Should Not Incorrectly Interpret Scripture====

Anyone interpreting the verses beyond their obvious meaning is misguided

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|7}}|He it is Who has revealed the Book to you; some of its verses are decisive, they are the basis of the Book, and others are allegorical; '''then as for those in whose hearts there is perversity they follow the part of it which is allegorical, seeking to mislead and ''seeking to give it (their own) interpretation.''''' but none knows its interpretation except Allah, and those who are firmly rooted in knowledge say: We believe in it, it is all from our Lord; and none do mind except those having understanding.}}

===Hadith and Sunnah===

The Sunnah is an integral part of Islam.

====Emulate Muhammad====

{{quote | {{cite quran|3|131|end=132|style=ref}} | Fear the Fire, which is repaired for those who reject Faith:<BR><BR>
And obey Allah and the Messenger; that ye may obtain mercy.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|59}}|O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the messenger and those of you who are in authority; and if ye have a dispute concerning any matter, refer it to Allah and the messenger if ye are (in truth) believers in Allah and the Last Day. That is better and more seemly in the end.}}
{{quote | {{cite quran|4|64|end=66|style=ref}} | And We did not send any messenger but that he should be obeyed by Allah's permission; and had they, when they were unjust to themselves, come to you and asked forgiveness of Allah and the Messenger had (also) asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah Oft-returning (to mercy), Merciful.<BR><BR>
But no! by your Lord! they do not believe (in reality) until they make you a judge of that which has become a matter of disagreement among them, and then do not find any straitness in their hearts as to what you have decided and submit with entire submission.<BR><BR>
But no! by your Lord! they do not believe (in reality) until they make you a judge of that which has become a matter of disagreement among them, and then do not find any straitness in their hearts as to what you have decided and submit with entire submission.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|69}}|And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger, these are with those upon whom Allah has bestowed favors from among the prophets and the truthful and the martyrs and the good, and a goodly company are they!}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|80}}|'''He who obeys the Messenger, obeys Allah''': But if any turn away, We have not sent thee to watch over their (evil deeds).}}

{{quote | {{cite quran|4|113|end=115|style=ref}} | But for the grace of Allah upon thee (Muhammad), and His mercy, a party of them had resolved to mislead thee, but they will mislead only themselves and they will hurt thee not at all. Allah revealeth unto thee the Scripture and wisdom, and teacheth thee that which thou knewest not. The grace of Allah toward thee hath been infinite.<BR><BR>
There is no good in much of their secret conferences save (in) him who enjoineth almsgiving and kindness and peace-making among the people. Whoso doeth that, seeking the good pleasure of Allah, We shall bestow on him a vast reward.<BR><BR>
And whoso opposeth the messenger after the guidance (of Allah) hath been manifested unto him, and followeth other than the believer's way, We appoint for him that unto which he himself hath turned, and expose him unto hell - a hapless journey's end!}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|92}}|Obey Allah and obey the messenger, and beware! But if ye turn away, then know that the duty of Our messenger is only plain conveyance (of the message).}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|8|24}}|O ye who believe! '''Obey Allah, and the messenger when He calleth you to that which quickeneth you''', and know that Allah cometh in between the man and his own heart, and that He it is unto Whom ye will be gathered.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|8|46}}|And obey Allah and His Messenger; and fall into no disputes, lest ye lose heart and your power depart; and be patient and persevering: For Allah is with those who patiently persevere:}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|107}}|We sent thee not, but as a Mercy for all creatures.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|24|53}}|They swear their strongest oaths by Allah that, if only thou wouldst command them, they would leave (their homes). Say: "Swear ye not; Obedience is (more) reasonable; verily, Allah is well acquainted with all that ye do."}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|33|21}}|Verily '''in the messenger of Allah ye have a good example for him who looketh unto Allah''' and the Last Day, and remembereth Allah much.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|33|36}}|It is not fitting for a Believer, man or woman, when a matter has been decided by Allah and His Messenger to have any option about their decision: if any one disobeys Allah and His Messenger, he is indeed on a clearly wrong Path.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|47|33}}|'''O ye who believe! Obey Allah and obey the messenger''', and render not your actions vain.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|48|10}}|Lo! those who swear allegiance unto thee (Muhammad), swear allegiance only unto Allah. The Hand of Allah is above their hands. So whosoever breaketh his oath, breaketh it only to his soul's hurt; while whosoever keepeth his covenant with Allah, on him will He bestow immense reward.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|59|7}}|That which Allah giveth as spoil unto His messenger from the people of the townships, it is for Allah and His messenger and for the near of kin and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarer, that it become not a commodity between the rich among you. '''And whatsoever the messenger giveth you, take it. And whatsoever he forbiddeth, abstain (from it).''' And keep your duty to Allah. Lo! Allah is stern in reprisal.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|64|12}}|Obey Allah and obey His messenger; but if ye turn away, then the duty of Our messenger is only to convey (the message) plainly.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|68|4}}|And thou (standest) on an exalted standard of character.}}

====Emulate the Rightly-Guided Caliphs====

{{Quote|[http://www.islamworld.net/docs/nawawi.html#hadith28 Al-Nawawi's Forty Hadith, No. 28]|On the authority of Abu Najih Al-Erbadh bin Sariah, who said :

The messenger of Allah gave us a sermon by which our hearts were filled with fear and tears came to our eyes. We said: "O Messenger of Allah, it is as though this is a farewell sermon, so councel us." He said: "I councel you to fear Allah and to give absolute obedience even if a slave becomes your leader. Verily he among you who lives [long] will see great controversy, so you must keep to my sunnah and to the sunnah of the rightly-guided Khalifahs - cling to them stubbornly. Beware of newly invented matters, for every invented matter is an innovation and every innovation is a going astray, and every going astray is in Hell-fire."

related by Abu Dawud and Al-Tirmithi, who said that it was a fine and true Hadith.}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|675}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:

The Prophet said, "Amongst the people preceding you there used to be 'Muhaddithun' (i.e. persons who can guess things that come true later on, as if those persons have been inspired by a divine power), and if there are any such persons amongst my followers, it is 'Umar bin Al-Khattab."}}

{{Quote|al-Waqidi|‘Ali: So what is stopping you from asking ‘Umar to make du’a for you? Do you know, Ibn Qurt, that his du’a is never rejected and always reaches Allah and that Rasulullah said in his regard: "Were there to be another prophet after me it would have been ‘Umar." Is he not that man whose decisions corresponded to that of the Quran until Rasulullah said, "Were punishment to fall from the sky to Earth, none would escape it except ‘Umar bin al-Khattab."

Do you not know that Allah revealed clear verses about him? Is he not ascetic, pious and always engaged in worship? Does he not greatly resemble the prophet Nuh? Should he offer du’a on your behalf it would be answered.<ref>Al-Imam al-Waqidi, The Islamic Conquest of Syria, A Translation of [http://www.answering-islam.org/Shamoun/na_debate.htm Futuhusham: The Inspiring History of the Sahabah’s Conquest of Syria], translated by Mawlana Sulayman al-Kindi [Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd., London 2005], Part 3: Al-Yarmuk, pp. 287-288</ref>}}

====Muslims Must Follow the Sunnah====

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|83}}|When there comes to them some matter touching (Public) safety or fear, they divulge it. If they had only referred it to the Messenger, or to those charged with authority among them, the proper investigators would have Tested it from them (direct). Were it not for the Grace and Mercy of Allah unto you, all but a few of you would have fallen into the clutches of Satan.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|49|14}}|The wandering Arabs say: We believe. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Ye believe not, but rather say "We submit," for the faith hath not yet entered into your hearts. Yet, if ye obey Allah and His messenger, He will not withhold from you aught of (the reward of) your deeds. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.}}

{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||5|38|2641}}|that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "What befell the children of Isra'il will befall my Ummah, step by step, such that if there was one who had intercourse with his mother in the open, then there would be someone from my Ummah who would do that. Indeed the children of Isra'il split into seventy-two sects, and my Ummah will split into seventy-three sects. All of them are in the Fire Except one sect." He said: "And which is it O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "What I am upon and my Companions."}}

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|40|4579}}|Narrated Abu Hurayrah (ra): The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: The Jews were split up into seventy-one or seventy-two sects; and the Christians were split up into seventy one or seventy-two sects; and my community will be split up into seventy-three sects.}}

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|1|42}}|Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin: The Prophet (peace be upon him) urinated and Umar was standing behind him with a jug of water. He said: What is this, Umar? He replied: Water for you to perform ablution with. He said: I have not been commanded to perform ablution every time I urinate. If I were to do so, it would become a sunnah.}}

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|10|1794}}|Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: As-Subayy ibn Ma'bad said: I raised my voice in talbiyah for both of them (i.e. umrah and hajj). Thereupon Umar said: You were guided to the practice (sunnah) of your Prophet (peace be upon him).|See also: {{Abu Dawud|10|1795}}}}

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|18|2879}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As:<BR>The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Knowledge has three categories; anything else is extra; a precise verse, or an established sunnah (practice), or a firm obligatory duty.}}

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|24|3585}}|Narrated Mu'adh ibn Jabal: Some companions of Mu'adh ibn Jabal said: When the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) intended to send Mu'adh ibn Jabal to the Yemen, he asked: How will you judge when the occasion of deciding a case arises? He replied: I shall judge in accordance with Allah's Book. He asked: (What will you do) if you do not find any guidance in Allah's Book? He replied: (I shall act) in accordance with the Sunnah of the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him). He asked: (What will you do) if you do not find any guidance in the Sunnah of the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) and in Allah's Book? He replied: I shall do my best to form an opinion and I shall spare no effort. The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) then patted him on the breast and said: Praise be to Allah Who has helped the messenger of the Apostle of Allah to find something which pleases the Apostle of Allah.}}

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|40|4588}}; see also {{Abu Dawud|40|4587}} & [https://quranx.com/Hadith/AbuDawud/Hasan/Hadith-4589 Abu Dawud 4589]|Narrated AbuRafi': The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Let me not find one of you reclining on his couch when he hears something regarding me which I have commanded or forbidden and saying: We do not know. What we found in Allah's Book we have followed.}}{{Quote|[https://quranx.com/hadith/AbuDawud/Hasan/Hadith-4595/ Sunan Abu Dawud 4595] (not included in the USC-MSA edition)|Sufyan said (according to one chain), and Abu al-Salit said (according to another chain):

A man wrote to 'Umar b. 'Abd al-Aziz asking him about Divine decree. He wrote to him: To begin with, I enjoin upon you to fear Allah, to be moderate in (obeying) His Command, to follow the sunnah (practice) of His Prophet (ﷺ) and to abandon the novelties which the innovators introduced after his Sunnah has been established and they were saved from its trouble (i.e. novelty or innovation) ; so stick to Sunnah, for it is for you, if Allah chooses, a protection ; then you should know that any innovation which the people introduced was refuted long before it on the basis of some authority or there was some lesson in it, for the Sunnah was introduced by the people who were conscious of the error, slip, foolishness, and extremism in case of (the sunnah) was opposed. So accept for yourself what the people (in the past) had accepted for themselves, for they had complete knowledge of whatever they were informed, and by penetrating insight they forbade (to do prohibited acts); they had more strength (than us) to disclose the matters (of religion), and they were far better (than us) by virtue of their merits. If right guidance is what you are following, then you outstriped them to it. And if you say whatever the novelty occurred after them was introduced by those who followed the way other then theirs and disliked them. It is they who actually outstripped, and talked about it sufficiently, and gave a satisfactory explanation for it. Below them there is no place for exhaustiveness, and above them there is no place for elaborating things. Some people shortened the matter more than they had done, and thus they turned away (from them), and some people raised the matter more than they had done, and thus they exaggerated. They were on right guidance between that. You have written (to me) asking about confession of Divine decree, you have indeed approached a person who is well informed of it, with the will of Allah. I know what whatever novelty people have brought in, and whatever innovation people have introduced are not more manifest and more established than confession of Divine decree. The ignorant people (i.e. the Arabs before Islam) in pre-Islamic times have mentioned it ; they talked about it in their speeches and in their poetry. They would console themselves for what they lost, and Islam then strengthened it (i.e. belief in Divine decree). The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did not mention it in one or two traditions, but the Muslims heard it from him, and they talked of it from him, and they talked of it during his lifetime and after his death. They did so out of belief and submission to their Lord and thinking themselves weak. There is nothing which is not surrounded by His knowledge, and not counted by His register and not destined by His decree. Despite that, it has been strongly mentioned in His Book: from it they have derived it, and from it they have and so ? they also read in it what you read, and they knew its interpretation of which you are ignorant. After that they said: All this is by writing and decreeing. Distress has been written down, and what has been destined will occur ; what Allah wills will surely happen, and what He does not will will not happen. We have no power to harm or benefit ourselves. Then after that they showed interest (in good works) and were afraid (of bad deeds).}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|265}}|The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) narrated to us two ahadith. I have seen one (crystallized into reality), and I am waiting for the other. He told us: Trustworthiness descended in the innermost (root) of the hearts of people. Then the Qur'an was revealed and they learnt from the Qur'an and they learnt from the Sunnah. Then he (the Holy Prophet) told us about the removal of trustworthiness. He said: The man would have a wink of sleep and trustworthiness would be taken away from his heart leaving the impression of a faint mark. He would again sleep and trustworthiness would be taken away from his heart leaving an impression of a blister, as if you rolled down an ember on your foot and it was vesicled. He would see a swelling having nothing in it. He (the Holy Prophet) then took up a pebble and rolled it down over his foot and (said): The people would enter into transactions amongst one another and hardly a person would be left who would return (things) entrusted to him. (And there would be so much paucity of honest persons) till it would be said: There in such a such tribe is a trustworthy man. And they would also say about a person: How prudent he is, how broad-minded he is and how intelligent he is, whereas in his heart there would not be faith even to the weight of a mustard seed. I have passed through a time in which I did not care with whom amongst you I entered into a transaction, for if he were a Muslim his faith would compel him to discharge his obligations to me and it he were a Christian or a Jew, the ruler would compel him to discharge his obligations to me. But today I would not enter into a transaction with you except so and so.}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|292}}|It is narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) observed: What would you do when the son of Mary would descend amongst you and would lead you as one amongst you? Ibn Abi Dhi'b on the authority of Abu Huraira narrated: Your leader amongst you. Ibn Abi Dhi'b said: Do you know what the words:" He would lead as one amongst you" mean? I said: Explain these to me. He said: He would lead you according to the Book of your: Lord (hallowed be He and most exalted) and the Sunnah of your Apostle (may peace be upon him).}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|4|1151}}|He ('Umar) further said: Allah! I call You witness on these governors of lands, that I sent them to (the peoples of these lands) so that they should administer justice amongst them, teach them their religion and the Sunnah of the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him), and distribute amongst them the spoils of war and refer to me that which they find difficult to perform.}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|7|2868}}|Abu Hassan al-A'raj reported that a person from Bani Hujaim said to Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them): What is this religious verdict of yours which has engaged the attention of the people or which has become a matter of dispute among them that he who circumambulated the House can be free from Ihram? Thereupon he said: '''That is the Sunnah of your Apostle (may peace be upon him), even though you may not approve of it'''.|See also: {{Muslim|4|1566}}}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3236}}|Anas (Allah be pleased with him) reported that some of the Companions of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) asked his (the Prophet's) wives about the acts that he performed in private. Someone among them (among his Companions) said: I will not marry women; someone among them said: I will not eat meat; and someone among them said: I will not lie down in bed. He (the Holy Prophet) praised Allah and glorified Him, and said: What has happened to these people that they say so and so, whereas I observe prayer and sleep too; I observe fast and suspend observing them; I marry women also? '''And he who turns away from my Sunnah, he has no relation with Me'''}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|9|3524}}|Abu Ishaq reported: I was with al-Aswad b. Yazid sitting in the great mosque, and there was with us al-Sha'bi, and he narrated the narration of Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) did not make any provision for lodging and maintenance allowance for her. Al-Aswad caught hold of some pebbles in his fist and he threw them towards him saying: Woe be to thee, you narrate like it, whereas Umar said: We cannot abandon the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of our Apostle (may peace be upon him) for the words of a woman. We do not know whether she remembers that or she forgets. For her, there is a provision of lodging and maintenance allowance. Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, said:" Turn them not from their houses nor should they themselves go forth unless they commit an open indecency" (lxv. 1).}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|31|5948}}|Anas reported that the people of Yemen came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and said: Send with us a person who should teach us Sunnah and al-Islam, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) caught hold of the hand of Ubaida and said: He is a man of trust of this Umma.|See also: {{Abu Dawud|18|2888}}}}

{{Quote|{{Muwatta|46||3}}|Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I have left two matters with you. As long as you hold to them, you will not go the wrong way. They are the Book of Allah and the Sunna of His Prophet."}}

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/3440/fabricated%2520hadeeth|2=2012-02-02}} The misguided sect of al-Qur’aaniyyeen]<BR>Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid, Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 3440|2=Ahmad, Abu Dawood and al-Haakim reported with a saheeh isnaad from al-Miqdaam that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Soon there will be a time when a man will be reclining on his couch, narrating a hadeeth from me, and he will say, ‘Between us and you is the Book of Allaah: what it says is halaal, we take as halaal, and what it says is haraam, we take as haraam.’ But listen! Whatever the Messenger of Allaah forbids is like what Allaah forbids.” (Al-Fath al-Kabeer, 3/438. Al-Tirmidhi reported it with different wording, and said that it is hasan saheeh. Sunan al-Tirmidhi bi Sharh Ibn al-‘Arabi, al-Saawi edn., 10/132).}}

{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||3|9|1846}}|It was narrated from Aishah that:

the Messenger of Allah said: “Marriage is part of my sunnah, and '''whoever does not follow my sunnah has nothing to do with me'''. Get married, for I will boast of your great numbers before the nations. Whoever has that means, let him get married, and whoever does not, then he should fast for it will diminish his desire.” (Hasan)}}

{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||3|9|1989}}|It was narrated that 'Abdulleh said:

"The Messenger of Allah cursed the woman who does tattoos and the one who has them done, and those who pluck their eyebrows and file their teeth for the purpose of beautification, and those who change the creation of Allah." News of that reached a woman of Banu Asad who was called Umm Ya'qub. She came to him and said: "I have heard that you said such and such." He said: 'Why should I not curse those whom the Messenger of Allah cursed ? '''And it is in the Book of Allah." She said: "I read what is between its two covers 'and I have not found that." He said: "If you read it properly you would have found it. Have you not read the words: 'And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad) gives you, take it; and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it).'?" She said: "Of course." He said: 'The Messenger of Allah forbade that."''' She said: 'I think that your wife does it.' He said: " Go and look." So she went and looked and she did not see what she wanted. She said: "I have not seen anything!’ 'Abdullah said: "If she was as you say, I would not have kept her with me. " (Sahih)}}

====The First 3 Generations of Muslims are the Best Muslims====

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|78|652}}|Narrated 'Abdullah:

The Prophet was asked, "Who are the best people?" He replied: The people of my generation, and then those who will follow (come after) them, and then those who will come after the later; after that there will come some people whose witness will precede their oaths and their oaths will go ahead of their witness." Ibrahim (a sub-narrator) said, "When we were young, our elder friends used to prohibit us from taking oaths by saying, 'I bear witness swearing by Allah, or by Allah's Covenant."'}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|31|6159}}|'A'isha reported that a person asked Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as to who amongst the people were the best. He said: Of the generation to which I belong, then of the second generation (generation adjacent to my generation), then of the third generation (generation adjacent to the second generation).}}

====Free Will====

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|19}}|'''Lo! religion with Allah (is) the Surrender (to His Will and Guidance).''' Those who (formerly) received the Scripture differed only after knowledge came unto them, through transgression among themselves. Whoso disbelieveth the revelations of Allah (will find that) lo! Allah is swift at reckoning.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|4}}|They ask thee (O Muhammad) what is made lawful for them. Say: (all) good things are made lawful for you. And those beasts and birds of prey which ye have trained as hounds are trained, ye teach them that which Allah taught you; so eat of that which they catch for you and mention Allah's name upon it, and observe your duty to Allah. Lo! Allah is swift to take account.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|7}}|Remember Allah's grace upon you and His covenant by which He bound you when ye said: We hear and we obey; And keep your duty to Allah. Lo! He knoweth what is in the breasts (of men).}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|53}}|Say: Pay (your contribution), willingly or unwillingly, it will not be accepted from you. Lo! ye were ever froward folk.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|47|21}}|Obedience and a civil word. Then, when the matter is determined, if they are loyal to Allah it will be well for them.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|49|16}}|The wandering Arabs say: We believe. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Ye believe not, but rather say "We submit," for the faith hath not yet entered into your hearts. Yet, if ye obey Allah and His messenger, He will not withhold from you aught of (the reward of) your deeds. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|56|57}}|It is We Who have created you: why will ye not witness the Truth?}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|87|10}}|He who fears will mind,}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|203}}|Narrated Ibn 'Umar: The 'Prophet said, "It is obligatory for one to listen to and obey (the ruler's orders) unless these orders involve one disobedience (to Allah); but if an act of disobedience (to Allah) is imposed, he should not listen to or obey it."}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|89|256}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: Allah's Apostle said, "You should listen to and obey, your ruler even if he was an Ethiopian (black) slave whose head looks like a raisin."}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|89|258}}|Narrated 'Abdullah: The Prophet said, "A Muslim has to listen to and obey (the order of his ruler) whether he likes it or not, as long as his orders involve not one in disobedience (to Allah), but if an act of disobedience (to Allah) is imposed one should not listen to it or obey it. (See Hadith No. 203, Vol. 4)}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|92|384}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "All my followers will enter Paradise except those who refuse." They said, "O Allah's Apostle! Who will refuse?" He said, "Whoever obeys me will enter Paradise, and whoever disobeys me is the one who refuses (to enter it)." }}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|20|4604}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Abdullah b. 'Umar who said: We used to take oath to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) that we would listen to and obey his orders. He would tell us (to say in the oath): As far as it lies in my power.}}

{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=322-323}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 1|page=669}}|‘And be not like those who said, “We hear’’ when they did not hear.’ i.e. Like the hypocrites who pretend to be obedient and are secretly disobedient to him.
‘The worst of beasts with God are the deaf and the dumb who do not understand.’ i.e. The hypocrites whom I have forbidden you to imitate. Dumb in reference to good, deaf to truth, not understanding and not knowing the vengeance and consequence which will come upon them.
‘Had God known that there was good among them, He would have made them listen.’ i.e. In performing for them the words which they spoke with their tongues, but their hearts contradicted them, and if they had come forth with you, ‘they would have turned their backs, going aside.’ i.e. Would not have been faithful to you in the purpose for which they had come out.
‘O you who believe, respond to God and the apostle when he summons you to that which will quicken you,’ i.e. to the war in which God exalted you after humiliation, and made you strong after weakness, and protected you from your enemies after you had been overcome by them.}}

{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|page=182}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=61}}|The people assembled in Mecca to swear allegiance to the Messenger of God in Islam. As I have been informed, he sat for them on al-Safa. 'Umar b. al-Khattab was below the Messenger of God, lower than the place where he sat, administering the oath to the people. He received from them the oath of allegiance to the Messenger of God, to heed and obey God and His Messenger to the extent of their ability. That was the oath he administered to those who swore allegiance to the Messenger of God in Islam.}}

===The Qur'an Should Not Fall Into The Hands of Infidels===

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|233}}|Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar: Allah's Apostle forbade the people to travel to a hostile country carrying (copies of) the Quran.}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|20|4609}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Do not take the Qur'an on a journey with you, for I am afraid lost it should fall into the hands of the enemy. Ayyub (one of the narrators in the chain of transmitters) said: The enemy may seize it and may quarrel with you over it.|See also: {{Muslim|20|4607}}, and {{Muslim|20|4608}}}}

===Instruction to Question the Prophet or his Sunnah===

{{Quote|1={{Quran|5|101-102}}|2=O ye who believe! '''Ask not questions about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble'''. But if ye ask about things when the Qur'an is being revealed, they will be made plain to you, Allah will forgive those: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Forbearing. Some people before you did ask such questions, and on that account lost their faith.}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|24|555}}, see also {{Bukhari|3|41|591}}| Narrated Ash-sha'bi:

The clerk of Al-Mughira bin Shu'ba narrated, "Muawiya wrote to Al-Mughira bin Shu'ba: Write to me something which you have heard from the Prophet (p.b.u.h) ." So Al-Mughira wrote: I heard the Prophet saying, "Allah has hated for you three things:

1. Vain talks, (useless talk) that you talk too much or about others.

2. Wasting of wealth (by extravagance)

3. '''And asking too many questions (in disputed religious matters)''' or asking others for something (except in great need). (See Hadith No. 591, Vol. Ill), }}

{{Quote|{{Abudawud|40|4586}}|Narrated AbuHurayrah:

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Controverting about the Qur'an is disbelief.}}

{{Quote|Maududi, The Meaning of the Qur'an, vol. III, pgs. 76-77|"'''The Holy Prophet himself forbade people to ask questions ...so do not try to probe into such things.'''"}}

{{Quote|1=[http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=5&tid=14747 Unnecessary Questioning is Disapproved of]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=(O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble...)." Imam Ahmad recorded that `Ali said, "When this Ayah was revealed,

(And Hajj to the House is a duty that mankind owes to Allah, those who can bear the journey.)[3:97], they asked, `O Allah's Messenger! Is it required every year' He did not answer them, and they asked again, `Is it every year' He still did not answer them, so they asked, `Is it every year' He said,

(No, and had I said `yes', it would have become obligated, and had it become obligated, you would not be able to bear it.) Allah sent down,

(O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble.)." At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah also recorded this Hadith. The apparent wording of this Ayah indicates that '''we are forbidden to ask about things that if one has knowledge of, he would be sorry he had asked. Consequently, it is better to avoid such questions'''.}}

==Shia hadith==
===Shirk===
{{Quote|{{cite web|url=https://www.al-islam.org/greater-sins-volume-1-ayatullah-sayyid-abdul-husayn-dastghaib-shirazi/first-greater-sin-shirk#f_a3fc3df0_8 |title=Wasa’il ul-Shia |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq (a.s.) says: “The greatest of the Greater Sins is to attribute partners to Allah.”}}

While explaining the Quranic verse 12:106, the sixth Shia Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq said:

{{Quote|{{cite web|url=https://www.al-islam.org/greater-sins-volume-1-ayatullah-sayyid-abdul-husayn-dastghaib-shirazi/first-greater-sin-shirk#f_a3fc3df0_8 |title=Bihār al-Anwār |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|"[one form of Shirk is] Like the saying of someone that if so and so had not been there I would have been destroyed. If so and so had not been there I would have got that thing. In the same way is (sic) to say that if so and so had not been there my children would have perished.”}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:QHS]]
[[Category:Islamic History]]
[[Category:Sirah]]
[[Category:Hadith]]
[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Revelation]]

Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Die islamische Tradition

2022-03-04T20:00:45Z

IchbinRidda:

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{{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}}

Nach traditioneller sunnitischer Auffassung offenbarte Allah seine Botschaft seinem letzten Gesandten, dem Propheten Mohammed. Diese letzte Offenbarung, der heilige Koran, enthält Allahs Worte, die er vor der Existenz von Zeit und Raum ausgesprochen hat. Als solcher ist der heilige Koran der unanfechtbare und vollkommene Wegweiser für alle Angelegenheiten. U.a. werden von der Religion über die Ehe bis hin zum Leben nach dem Tod und allem, was dazwischen erwähnt. Der Koran beschäftigt sich jedoch nicht mit Angelegenheiten der Religion und des Lebens, die Allah ins besondere am Herzen liegen. Darüber hinaus ist vieles im heiligen Koran (trotz seines Anspruchs, "klar" und "offensichtlich" zu sein) in Wirklichkeit sehr fraglich und nicht nachvollziehbar. Der Koran weist damit erhebliche Lücken in Hinblick auf die wahre Botschaft fpr den Menschen auf. Um diese Lücken füllen zu können und den Koran somit zu vervollständigen, stützen sich Gelehrte oder Ulama auf die Sunna als auch auf die Überlieferungen des Propheten selbst. Nach Uswa Hasana ist Mohammed der "vollkommene Mensch", dessen Verhalten in allen Bereichen des Lebens als ein perfektes Beispiel für die Menschheit angesehen werden kann und es somit auch zu befolgen gilt. Die Überlieferungen seiner Worte und Taten, die von seinen engsten Gefährten und Familienmitgliedern (den Sahabah) weitergegeben und schließlich im 9., 10. und 11. Jahrhundert schriftlich festgehalten wurden, bilden die Gesamtheit individueller Erinnerungen. Genannte werden diese Niederschriften der Hadith (oder auch die Hadithe). Darüber hinaus sammelten Historiker im 8., 9. und 10. Jahrhundert historische Erzählungen über das Leben der Propheten, die sowohl Beispiele für das Verhalten der Propheten als auch Erklärungen für Verse im Koran liefern. Bezeichnet werden diese Geschichten als Sira des Propheten. Die genannten Niederschriften gelten als Sunna oder Tradition des Propheten. Sie wird von den Autoritäten des sunnitischen Islams zusammen mit dem Koran als perfekter, unfehlbarer Leitfaden für die Menschheit in allen Angelegenheiten betrachtet.
==Qur'an, Hadith and Sunnah==

===Understanding Scripture===

====Abrogation====

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|106}}|None of Our revelations do We abrogate or cause to be forgotten, but We substitute something better or similar: Knowest thou not that Allah Hath power over all things?}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|13|39}}|Allah doth blot out or confirm what He pleaseth: with Him is the Mother of the Book.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|16|101}}|And when We change (one) communication for (another) communication, and Allah knows best what He reveals, they say: You are only a forger. Nay, most of them do not know.}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|3|675}}|The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) abrogated some of his commands by others, '''just as the Qur'an abrogates''' some part with the other.}}

See related: [[Abrogation]]

====The Qur'an is Easy to Understand====

{{Quote|{{Quran|44|58}}|Verily, We have made this (Qur'an) easy, in thy tongue, in order that they may give heed.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|54|17}}|And '''We have indeed made the Qur'an easy to understand''' and remember: then is there any that will receive admonition?|See also: {{Quran|54|22}}, {{Quran|54|32}}, and {{Quran|54|40}}}}

====Muslims Should Not Incorrectly Interpret Scripture====

Anyone interpreting the verses beyond their obvious meaning is misguided

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|7}}|He it is Who has revealed the Book to you; some of its verses are decisive, they are the basis of the Book, and others are allegorical; '''then as for those in whose hearts there is perversity they follow the part of it which is allegorical, seeking to mislead and ''seeking to give it (their own) interpretation.''''' but none knows its interpretation except Allah, and those who are firmly rooted in knowledge say: We believe in it, it is all from our Lord; and none do mind except those having understanding.}}

===Hadith and Sunnah===

The Sunnah is an integral part of Islam.

====Emulate Muhammad====

{{quote | {{cite quran|3|131|end=132|style=ref}} | Fear the Fire, which is repaired for those who reject Faith:<BR><BR>
And obey Allah and the Messenger; that ye may obtain mercy.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|59}}|O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the messenger and those of you who are in authority; and if ye have a dispute concerning any matter, refer it to Allah and the messenger if ye are (in truth) believers in Allah and the Last Day. That is better and more seemly in the end.}}
{{quote | {{cite quran|4|64|end=66|style=ref}} | And We did not send any messenger but that he should be obeyed by Allah's permission; and had they, when they were unjust to themselves, come to you and asked forgiveness of Allah and the Messenger had (also) asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah Oft-returning (to mercy), Merciful.<BR><BR>
But no! by your Lord! they do not believe (in reality) until they make you a judge of that which has become a matter of disagreement among them, and then do not find any straitness in their hearts as to what you have decided and submit with entire submission.<BR><BR>
But no! by your Lord! they do not believe (in reality) until they make you a judge of that which has become a matter of disagreement among them, and then do not find any straitness in their hearts as to what you have decided and submit with entire submission.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|69}}|And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger, these are with those upon whom Allah has bestowed favors from among the prophets and the truthful and the martyrs and the good, and a goodly company are they!}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|80}}|'''He who obeys the Messenger, obeys Allah''': But if any turn away, We have not sent thee to watch over their (evil deeds).}}

{{quote | {{cite quran|4|113|end=115|style=ref}} | But for the grace of Allah upon thee (Muhammad), and His mercy, a party of them had resolved to mislead thee, but they will mislead only themselves and they will hurt thee not at all. Allah revealeth unto thee the Scripture and wisdom, and teacheth thee that which thou knewest not. The grace of Allah toward thee hath been infinite.<BR><BR>
There is no good in much of their secret conferences save (in) him who enjoineth almsgiving and kindness and peace-making among the people. Whoso doeth that, seeking the good pleasure of Allah, We shall bestow on him a vast reward.<BR><BR>
And whoso opposeth the messenger after the guidance (of Allah) hath been manifested unto him, and followeth other than the believer's way, We appoint for him that unto which he himself hath turned, and expose him unto hell - a hapless journey's end!}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|92}}|Obey Allah and obey the messenger, and beware! But if ye turn away, then know that the duty of Our messenger is only plain conveyance (of the message).}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|8|24}}|O ye who believe! '''Obey Allah, and the messenger when He calleth you to that which quickeneth you''', and know that Allah cometh in between the man and his own heart, and that He it is unto Whom ye will be gathered.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|8|46}}|And obey Allah and His Messenger; and fall into no disputes, lest ye lose heart and your power depart; and be patient and persevering: For Allah is with those who patiently persevere:}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|21|107}}|We sent thee not, but as a Mercy for all creatures.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|24|53}}|They swear their strongest oaths by Allah that, if only thou wouldst command them, they would leave (their homes). Say: "Swear ye not; Obedience is (more) reasonable; verily, Allah is well acquainted with all that ye do."}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|33|21}}|Verily '''in the messenger of Allah ye have a good example for him who looketh unto Allah''' and the Last Day, and remembereth Allah much.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|33|36}}|It is not fitting for a Believer, man or woman, when a matter has been decided by Allah and His Messenger to have any option about their decision: if any one disobeys Allah and His Messenger, he is indeed on a clearly wrong Path.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|47|33}}|'''O ye who believe! Obey Allah and obey the messenger''', and render not your actions vain.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|48|10}}|Lo! those who swear allegiance unto thee (Muhammad), swear allegiance only unto Allah. The Hand of Allah is above their hands. So whosoever breaketh his oath, breaketh it only to his soul's hurt; while whosoever keepeth his covenant with Allah, on him will He bestow immense reward.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|59|7}}|That which Allah giveth as spoil unto His messenger from the people of the townships, it is for Allah and His messenger and for the near of kin and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarer, that it become not a commodity between the rich among you. '''And whatsoever the messenger giveth you, take it. And whatsoever he forbiddeth, abstain (from it).''' And keep your duty to Allah. Lo! Allah is stern in reprisal.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|64|12}}|Obey Allah and obey His messenger; but if ye turn away, then the duty of Our messenger is only to convey (the message) plainly.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|68|4}}|And thou (standest) on an exalted standard of character.}}

====Emulate the Rightly-Guided Caliphs====

{{Quote|[http://www.islamworld.net/docs/nawawi.html#hadith28 Al-Nawawi's Forty Hadith, No. 28]|On the authority of Abu Najih Al-Erbadh bin Sariah, who said :

The messenger of Allah gave us a sermon by which our hearts were filled with fear and tears came to our eyes. We said: "O Messenger of Allah, it is as though this is a farewell sermon, so councel us." He said: "I councel you to fear Allah and to give absolute obedience even if a slave becomes your leader. Verily he among you who lives [long] will see great controversy, so you must keep to my sunnah and to the sunnah of the rightly-guided Khalifahs - cling to them stubbornly. Beware of newly invented matters, for every invented matter is an innovation and every innovation is a going astray, and every going astray is in Hell-fire."

related by Abu Dawud and Al-Tirmithi, who said that it was a fine and true Hadith.}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|675}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:

The Prophet said, "Amongst the people preceding you there used to be 'Muhaddithun' (i.e. persons who can guess things that come true later on, as if those persons have been inspired by a divine power), and if there are any such persons amongst my followers, it is 'Umar bin Al-Khattab."}}

{{Quote|al-Waqidi|‘Ali: So what is stopping you from asking ‘Umar to make du’a for you? Do you know, Ibn Qurt, that his du’a is never rejected and always reaches Allah and that Rasulullah said in his regard: "Were there to be another prophet after me it would have been ‘Umar." Is he not that man whose decisions corresponded to that of the Quran until Rasulullah said, "Were punishment to fall from the sky to Earth, none would escape it except ‘Umar bin al-Khattab."

Do you not know that Allah revealed clear verses about him? Is he not ascetic, pious and always engaged in worship? Does he not greatly resemble the prophet Nuh? Should he offer du’a on your behalf it would be answered.<ref>Al-Imam al-Waqidi, The Islamic Conquest of Syria, A Translation of [http://www.answering-islam.org/Shamoun/na_debate.htm Futuhusham: The Inspiring History of the Sahabah’s Conquest of Syria], translated by Mawlana Sulayman al-Kindi [Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd., London 2005], Part 3: Al-Yarmuk, pp. 287-288</ref>}}

====Muslims Must Follow the Sunnah====

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|83}}|When there comes to them some matter touching (Public) safety or fear, they divulge it. If they had only referred it to the Messenger, or to those charged with authority among them, the proper investigators would have Tested it from them (direct). Were it not for the Grace and Mercy of Allah unto you, all but a few of you would have fallen into the clutches of Satan.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|49|14}}|The wandering Arabs say: We believe. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Ye believe not, but rather say "We submit," for the faith hath not yet entered into your hearts. Yet, if ye obey Allah and His messenger, He will not withhold from you aught of (the reward of) your deeds. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.}}

{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||5|38|2641}}|that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "What befell the children of Isra'il will befall my Ummah, step by step, such that if there was one who had intercourse with his mother in the open, then there would be someone from my Ummah who would do that. Indeed the children of Isra'il split into seventy-two sects, and my Ummah will split into seventy-three sects. All of them are in the Fire Except one sect." He said: "And which is it O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "What I am upon and my Companions."}}

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|40|4579}}|Narrated Abu Hurayrah (ra): The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: The Jews were split up into seventy-one or seventy-two sects; and the Christians were split up into seventy one or seventy-two sects; and my community will be split up into seventy-three sects.}}

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|1|42}}|Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin: The Prophet (peace be upon him) urinated and Umar was standing behind him with a jug of water. He said: What is this, Umar? He replied: Water for you to perform ablution with. He said: I have not been commanded to perform ablution every time I urinate. If I were to do so, it would become a sunnah.}}

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|10|1794}}|Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: As-Subayy ibn Ma'bad said: I raised my voice in talbiyah for both of them (i.e. umrah and hajj). Thereupon Umar said: You were guided to the practice (sunnah) of your Prophet (peace be upon him).|See also: {{Abu Dawud|10|1795}}}}

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|18|2879}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As:<BR>The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Knowledge has three categories; anything else is extra; a precise verse, or an established sunnah (practice), or a firm obligatory duty.}}

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|24|3585}}|Narrated Mu'adh ibn Jabal: Some companions of Mu'adh ibn Jabal said: When the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) intended to send Mu'adh ibn Jabal to the Yemen, he asked: How will you judge when the occasion of deciding a case arises? He replied: I shall judge in accordance with Allah's Book. He asked: (What will you do) if you do not find any guidance in Allah's Book? He replied: (I shall act) in accordance with the Sunnah of the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him). He asked: (What will you do) if you do not find any guidance in the Sunnah of the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) and in Allah's Book? He replied: I shall do my best to form an opinion and I shall spare no effort. The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) then patted him on the breast and said: Praise be to Allah Who has helped the messenger of the Apostle of Allah to find something which pleases the Apostle of Allah.}}

{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|40|4588}}; see also {{Abu Dawud|40|4587}} & [https://quranx.com/Hadith/AbuDawud/Hasan/Hadith-4589 Abu Dawud 4589]|Narrated AbuRafi': The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Let me not find one of you reclining on his couch when he hears something regarding me which I have commanded or forbidden and saying: We do not know. What we found in Allah's Book we have followed.}}{{Quote|[https://quranx.com/hadith/AbuDawud/Hasan/Hadith-4595/ Sunan Abu Dawud 4595] (not included in the USC-MSA edition)|Sufyan said (according to one chain), and Abu al-Salit said (according to another chain):

A man wrote to 'Umar b. 'Abd al-Aziz asking him about Divine decree. He wrote to him: To begin with, I enjoin upon you to fear Allah, to be moderate in (obeying) His Command, to follow the sunnah (practice) of His Prophet (ﷺ) and to abandon the novelties which the innovators introduced after his Sunnah has been established and they were saved from its trouble (i.e. novelty or innovation) ; so stick to Sunnah, for it is for you, if Allah chooses, a protection ; then you should know that any innovation which the people introduced was refuted long before it on the basis of some authority or there was some lesson in it, for the Sunnah was introduced by the people who were conscious of the error, slip, foolishness, and extremism in case of (the sunnah) was opposed. So accept for yourself what the people (in the past) had accepted for themselves, for they had complete knowledge of whatever they were informed, and by penetrating insight they forbade (to do prohibited acts); they had more strength (than us) to disclose the matters (of religion), and they were far better (than us) by virtue of their merits. If right guidance is what you are following, then you outstriped them to it. And if you say whatever the novelty occurred after them was introduced by those who followed the way other then theirs and disliked them. It is they who actually outstripped, and talked about it sufficiently, and gave a satisfactory explanation for it. Below them there is no place for exhaustiveness, and above them there is no place for elaborating things. Some people shortened the matter more than they had done, and thus they turned away (from them), and some people raised the matter more than they had done, and thus they exaggerated. They were on right guidance between that. You have written (to me) asking about confession of Divine decree, you have indeed approached a person who is well informed of it, with the will of Allah. I know what whatever novelty people have brought in, and whatever innovation people have introduced are not more manifest and more established than confession of Divine decree. The ignorant people (i.e. the Arabs before Islam) in pre-Islamic times have mentioned it ; they talked about it in their speeches and in their poetry. They would console themselves for what they lost, and Islam then strengthened it (i.e. belief in Divine decree). The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did not mention it in one or two traditions, but the Muslims heard it from him, and they talked of it from him, and they talked of it during his lifetime and after his death. They did so out of belief and submission to their Lord and thinking themselves weak. There is nothing which is not surrounded by His knowledge, and not counted by His register and not destined by His decree. Despite that, it has been strongly mentioned in His Book: from it they have derived it, and from it they have and so ? they also read in it what you read, and they knew its interpretation of which you are ignorant. After that they said: All this is by writing and decreeing. Distress has been written down, and what has been destined will occur ; what Allah wills will surely happen, and what He does not will will not happen. We have no power to harm or benefit ourselves. Then after that they showed interest (in good works) and were afraid (of bad deeds).}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|265}}|The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) narrated to us two ahadith. I have seen one (crystallized into reality), and I am waiting for the other. He told us: Trustworthiness descended in the innermost (root) of the hearts of people. Then the Qur'an was revealed and they learnt from the Qur'an and they learnt from the Sunnah. Then he (the Holy Prophet) told us about the removal of trustworthiness. He said: The man would have a wink of sleep and trustworthiness would be taken away from his heart leaving the impression of a faint mark. He would again sleep and trustworthiness would be taken away from his heart leaving an impression of a blister, as if you rolled down an ember on your foot and it was vesicled. He would see a swelling having nothing in it. He (the Holy Prophet) then took up a pebble and rolled it down over his foot and (said): The people would enter into transactions amongst one another and hardly a person would be left who would return (things) entrusted to him. (And there would be so much paucity of honest persons) till it would be said: There in such a such tribe is a trustworthy man. And they would also say about a person: How prudent he is, how broad-minded he is and how intelligent he is, whereas in his heart there would not be faith even to the weight of a mustard seed. I have passed through a time in which I did not care with whom amongst you I entered into a transaction, for if he were a Muslim his faith would compel him to discharge his obligations to me and it he were a Christian or a Jew, the ruler would compel him to discharge his obligations to me. But today I would not enter into a transaction with you except so and so.}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|292}}|It is narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) observed: What would you do when the son of Mary would descend amongst you and would lead you as one amongst you? Ibn Abi Dhi'b on the authority of Abu Huraira narrated: Your leader amongst you. Ibn Abi Dhi'b said: Do you know what the words:" He would lead as one amongst you" mean? I said: Explain these to me. He said: He would lead you according to the Book of your: Lord (hallowed be He and most exalted) and the Sunnah of your Apostle (may peace be upon him).}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|4|1151}}|He ('Umar) further said: Allah! I call You witness on these governors of lands, that I sent them to (the peoples of these lands) so that they should administer justice amongst them, teach them their religion and the Sunnah of the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him), and distribute amongst them the spoils of war and refer to me that which they find difficult to perform.}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|7|2868}}|Abu Hassan al-A'raj reported that a person from Bani Hujaim said to Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them): What is this religious verdict of yours which has engaged the attention of the people or which has become a matter of dispute among them that he who circumambulated the House can be free from Ihram? Thereupon he said: '''That is the Sunnah of your Apostle (may peace be upon him), even though you may not approve of it'''.|See also: {{Muslim|4|1566}}}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3236}}|Anas (Allah be pleased with him) reported that some of the Companions of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) asked his (the Prophet's) wives about the acts that he performed in private. Someone among them (among his Companions) said: I will not marry women; someone among them said: I will not eat meat; and someone among them said: I will not lie down in bed. He (the Holy Prophet) praised Allah and glorified Him, and said: What has happened to these people that they say so and so, whereas I observe prayer and sleep too; I observe fast and suspend observing them; I marry women also? '''And he who turns away from my Sunnah, he has no relation with Me'''}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|9|3524}}|Abu Ishaq reported: I was with al-Aswad b. Yazid sitting in the great mosque, and there was with us al-Sha'bi, and he narrated the narration of Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) did not make any provision for lodging and maintenance allowance for her. Al-Aswad caught hold of some pebbles in his fist and he threw them towards him saying: Woe be to thee, you narrate like it, whereas Umar said: We cannot abandon the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of our Apostle (may peace be upon him) for the words of a woman. We do not know whether she remembers that or she forgets. For her, there is a provision of lodging and maintenance allowance. Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, said:" Turn them not from their houses nor should they themselves go forth unless they commit an open indecency" (lxv. 1).}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|31|5948}}|Anas reported that the people of Yemen came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and said: Send with us a person who should teach us Sunnah and al-Islam, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) caught hold of the hand of Ubaida and said: He is a man of trust of this Umma.|See also: {{Abu Dawud|18|2888}}}}

{{Quote|{{Muwatta|46||3}}|Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I have left two matters with you. As long as you hold to them, you will not go the wrong way. They are the Book of Allah and the Sunna of His Prophet."}}

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/3440/fabricated%2520hadeeth|2=2012-02-02}} The misguided sect of al-Qur’aaniyyeen]<BR>Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid, Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 3440|2=Ahmad, Abu Dawood and al-Haakim reported with a saheeh isnaad from al-Miqdaam that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Soon there will be a time when a man will be reclining on his couch, narrating a hadeeth from me, and he will say, ‘Between us and you is the Book of Allaah: what it says is halaal, we take as halaal, and what it says is haraam, we take as haraam.’ But listen! Whatever the Messenger of Allaah forbids is like what Allaah forbids.” (Al-Fath al-Kabeer, 3/438. Al-Tirmidhi reported it with different wording, and said that it is hasan saheeh. Sunan al-Tirmidhi bi Sharh Ibn al-‘Arabi, al-Saawi edn., 10/132).}}

{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||3|9|1846}}|It was narrated from Aishah that:

the Messenger of Allah said: “Marriage is part of my sunnah, and '''whoever does not follow my sunnah has nothing to do with me'''. Get married, for I will boast of your great numbers before the nations. Whoever has that means, let him get married, and whoever does not, then he should fast for it will diminish his desire.” (Hasan)}}

{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||3|9|1989}}|It was narrated that 'Abdulleh said:

"The Messenger of Allah cursed the woman who does tattoos and the one who has them done, and those who pluck their eyebrows and file their teeth for the purpose of beautification, and those who change the creation of Allah." News of that reached a woman of Banu Asad who was called Umm Ya'qub. She came to him and said: "I have heard that you said such and such." He said: 'Why should I not curse those whom the Messenger of Allah cursed ? '''And it is in the Book of Allah." She said: "I read what is between its two covers 'and I have not found that." He said: "If you read it properly you would have found it. Have you not read the words: 'And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad) gives you, take it; and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it).'?" She said: "Of course." He said: 'The Messenger of Allah forbade that."''' She said: 'I think that your wife does it.' He said: " Go and look." So she went and looked and she did not see what she wanted. She said: "I have not seen anything!’ 'Abdullah said: "If she was as you say, I would not have kept her with me. " (Sahih)}}

====The First 3 Generations of Muslims are the Best Muslims====

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|78|652}}|Narrated 'Abdullah:

The Prophet was asked, "Who are the best people?" He replied: The people of my generation, and then those who will follow (come after) them, and then those who will come after the later; after that there will come some people whose witness will precede their oaths and their oaths will go ahead of their witness." Ibrahim (a sub-narrator) said, "When we were young, our elder friends used to prohibit us from taking oaths by saying, 'I bear witness swearing by Allah, or by Allah's Covenant."'}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|31|6159}}|'A'isha reported that a person asked Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as to who amongst the people were the best. He said: Of the generation to which I belong, then of the second generation (generation adjacent to my generation), then of the third generation (generation adjacent to the second generation).}}

====Free Will====

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|19}}|'''Lo! religion with Allah (is) the Surrender (to His Will and Guidance).''' Those who (formerly) received the Scripture differed only after knowledge came unto them, through transgression among themselves. Whoso disbelieveth the revelations of Allah (will find that) lo! Allah is swift at reckoning.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|4}}|They ask thee (O Muhammad) what is made lawful for them. Say: (all) good things are made lawful for you. And those beasts and birds of prey which ye have trained as hounds are trained, ye teach them that which Allah taught you; so eat of that which they catch for you and mention Allah's name upon it, and observe your duty to Allah. Lo! Allah is swift to take account.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|7}}|Remember Allah's grace upon you and His covenant by which He bound you when ye said: We hear and we obey; And keep your duty to Allah. Lo! He knoweth what is in the breasts (of men).}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|53}}|Say: Pay (your contribution), willingly or unwillingly, it will not be accepted from you. Lo! ye were ever froward folk.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|47|21}}|Obedience and a civil word. Then, when the matter is determined, if they are loyal to Allah it will be well for them.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|49|16}}|The wandering Arabs say: We believe. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Ye believe not, but rather say "We submit," for the faith hath not yet entered into your hearts. Yet, if ye obey Allah and His messenger, He will not withhold from you aught of (the reward of) your deeds. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|56|57}}|It is We Who have created you: why will ye not witness the Truth?}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|87|10}}|He who fears will mind,}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|203}}|Narrated Ibn 'Umar: The 'Prophet said, "It is obligatory for one to listen to and obey (the ruler's orders) unless these orders involve one disobedience (to Allah); but if an act of disobedience (to Allah) is imposed, he should not listen to or obey it."}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|89|256}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: Allah's Apostle said, "You should listen to and obey, your ruler even if he was an Ethiopian (black) slave whose head looks like a raisin."}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|89|258}}|Narrated 'Abdullah: The Prophet said, "A Muslim has to listen to and obey (the order of his ruler) whether he likes it or not, as long as his orders involve not one in disobedience (to Allah), but if an act of disobedience (to Allah) is imposed one should not listen to it or obey it. (See Hadith No. 203, Vol. 4)}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|92|384}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "All my followers will enter Paradise except those who refuse." They said, "O Allah's Apostle! Who will refuse?" He said, "Whoever obeys me will enter Paradise, and whoever disobeys me is the one who refuses (to enter it)." }}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|20|4604}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Abdullah b. 'Umar who said: We used to take oath to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) that we would listen to and obey his orders. He would tell us (to say in the oath): As far as it lies in my power.}}

{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=322-323}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 1|page=669}}|‘And be not like those who said, “We hear’’ when they did not hear.’ i.e. Like the hypocrites who pretend to be obedient and are secretly disobedient to him.
‘The worst of beasts with God are the deaf and the dumb who do not understand.’ i.e. The hypocrites whom I have forbidden you to imitate. Dumb in reference to good, deaf to truth, not understanding and not knowing the vengeance and consequence which will come upon them.
‘Had God known that there was good among them, He would have made them listen.’ i.e. In performing for them the words which they spoke with their tongues, but their hearts contradicted them, and if they had come forth with you, ‘they would have turned their backs, going aside.’ i.e. Would not have been faithful to you in the purpose for which they had come out.
‘O you who believe, respond to God and the apostle when he summons you to that which will quicken you,’ i.e. to the war in which God exalted you after humiliation, and made you strong after weakness, and protected you from your enemies after you had been overcome by them.}}

{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|page=182}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=61}}|The people assembled in Mecca to swear allegiance to the Messenger of God in Islam. As I have been informed, he sat for them on al-Safa. 'Umar b. al-Khattab was below the Messenger of God, lower than the place where he sat, administering the oath to the people. He received from them the oath of allegiance to the Messenger of God, to heed and obey God and His Messenger to the extent of their ability. That was the oath he administered to those who swore allegiance to the Messenger of God in Islam.}}

===The Qur'an Should Not Fall Into The Hands of Infidels===

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|233}}|Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar: Allah's Apostle forbade the people to travel to a hostile country carrying (copies of) the Quran.}}

{{Quote|{{Muslim|20|4609}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Do not take the Qur'an on a journey with you, for I am afraid lost it should fall into the hands of the enemy. Ayyub (one of the narrators in the chain of transmitters) said: The enemy may seize it and may quarrel with you over it.|See also: {{Muslim|20|4607}}, and {{Muslim|20|4608}}}}

===Instruction to Question the Prophet or his Sunnah===

{{Quote|1={{Quran|5|101-102}}|2=O ye who believe! '''Ask not questions about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble'''. But if ye ask about things when the Qur'an is being revealed, they will be made plain to you, Allah will forgive those: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Forbearing. Some people before you did ask such questions, and on that account lost their faith.}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|24|555}}, see also {{Bukhari|3|41|591}}| Narrated Ash-sha'bi:

The clerk of Al-Mughira bin Shu'ba narrated, "Muawiya wrote to Al-Mughira bin Shu'ba: Write to me something which you have heard from the Prophet (p.b.u.h) ." So Al-Mughira wrote: I heard the Prophet saying, "Allah has hated for you three things:

1. Vain talks, (useless talk) that you talk too much or about others.

2. Wasting of wealth (by extravagance)

3. '''And asking too many questions (in disputed religious matters)''' or asking others for something (except in great need). (See Hadith No. 591, Vol. Ill), }}

{{Quote|{{Abudawud|40|4586}}|Narrated AbuHurayrah:

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Controverting about the Qur'an is disbelief.}}

{{Quote|Maududi, The Meaning of the Qur'an, vol. III, pgs. 76-77|"'''The Holy Prophet himself forbade people to ask questions ...so do not try to probe into such things.'''"}}

{{Quote|1=[http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=5&tid=14747 Unnecessary Questioning is Disapproved of]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=(O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble...)." Imam Ahmad recorded that `Ali said, "When this Ayah was revealed,

(And Hajj to the House is a duty that mankind owes to Allah, those who can bear the journey.)[3:97], they asked, `O Allah's Messenger! Is it required every year' He did not answer them, and they asked again, `Is it every year' He still did not answer them, so they asked, `Is it every year' He said,

(No, and had I said `yes', it would have become obligated, and had it become obligated, you would not be able to bear it.) Allah sent down,

(O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble.)." At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah also recorded this Hadith. The apparent wording of this Ayah indicates that '''we are forbidden to ask about things that if one has knowledge of, he would be sorry he had asked. Consequently, it is better to avoid such questions'''.}}

==Shia hadith==
===Shirk===
{{Quote|{{cite web|url=https://www.al-islam.org/greater-sins-volume-1-ayatullah-sayyid-abdul-husayn-dastghaib-shirazi/first-greater-sin-shirk#f_a3fc3df0_8 |title=Wasa’il ul-Shia |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq (a.s.) says: “The greatest of the Greater Sins is to attribute partners to Allah.”}}

While explaining the Quranic verse 12:106, the sixth Shia Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq said:

{{Quote|{{cite web|url=https://www.al-islam.org/greater-sins-volume-1-ayatullah-sayyid-abdul-husayn-dastghaib-shirazi/first-greater-sin-shirk#f_a3fc3df0_8 |title=Bihār al-Anwār |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|"[one form of Shirk is] Like the saying of someone that if so and so had not been there I would have been destroyed. If so and so had not been there I would have got that thing. In the same way is (sic) to say that if so and so had not been there my children would have perished.”}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:QHS]]
[[Category:Islamic History]]
[[Category:Sirah]]
[[Category:Hadith]]
[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Revelation]]

Portal: Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte

2022-02-25T07:35:17Z

IchbinRidda: /* Frauen */

<metadesc>Traditional Scholars portal summary</metadesc>
{{#seo:
|title=Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars
|keywords=Scriptures, Quran, Hadith, ulemaa, scholar, Islam
|description=WikiIslam portal for articles about Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars pages
|image=Quran.png
|image_alt=Quran.png
}}

Der Koran, die Hadith sowie die Schriften stellen auf WikiIslam jeweils eine Kategorie dar. Die enthaltenen Artikel selbst sind keine Enzyklopädie-Artikel, stattdessen sind sie eine einzigartige Sammlung von Koranversen, Hadithe, Sirah-Traditionen, und Tafsir. Ebenso enthalten sind Schriften klassischer Gelehrter und Fataawaa von heutigen islamischen Scheiches sowie Ulemaa. Sortiert sind die Artikel nach Themen und sollen Studenten, Forschern und Neugierigen dabei helfen, mehr über den Islam zu erfahren.

==Die islamische Tradition==

Die Tradition erhebt viele Ansprüche an sich selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Islamic Tradition.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Die islamische Tradition|summary= Die Tradition erhebt viele Ansprüche an sich selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Ancient Mushaf.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Textgeschichte des Korans|summary= Die Überlieferung enthält viele Details über die Geschichte des Textes des Korans selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Gutenberg Bible.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Verfälschung der früheren Schriften|summary= Diese Seite dokumentiert, was die Tradition über die Schriften der Christen und Juden zu sagen hat und wie sie im Laufe der Geschichte bewahrt wurden.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Daughters of Allah.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Mohammed und die satanischen Verse|summary= Dieser Abschnitt dokumentiert, was die Überlieferung über den berühmten Gharaniq Fall zu sagen hat, bei dem der Prophet Verse des Satans in den Koran eingefügt haben soll|description=}}
</div>
</div>

==Muhammad==

Muhammad gilt in der islamischen Tradition als der "perfekte Mensch" und seine Worte als auch Taten bilden die Grundlage für den größten Teil des islamischen Rechts. In diesem Abschnitt erfahren Sie, was die Tradition über ihn selbst aussagt.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Maome.jpeg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad|summary=Diese Seite zeigt einen umfassenden Überblick über das auf, was die Tradition über Mohammed sagt.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Desert_Pack_Animals.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad und die Beute|summary= Kriegsbeute war ein wichtiges Thema für die frühe muslimische Gemeinschaft und diese Seite dokumentiert, was die Überlieferung über Muhammad und die Einnahme und Aufteilung der Kriegsbeuten aussagt.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">{{PortalArticle|image=Hoseback Jihad 2.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad und der Dschihad|summary=Auf dieser Seite erfahren Sie, was die Überlieferung über Muhammad und sein Streben nach dem Dschihad oder heiligen Krieg berichtet.|description= }}
{{PortalArticle|image=Death of the Prophet.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Der Tod Muhammads|summary=Auf dieser Seite sind einige der islamischen Überlieferungen über den Tod des Propheten zusammengefasst.|description= }}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn"></div>
</div>
===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Oaths]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:What is Allowed to Muhammad and Not to the Ummah]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Ordering Executions]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Terror]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Torture]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and War]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammads Wives and Concubines]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's White Complexion]]
{{col-float-end}}

==Frauen==

Die islamische Tradition sagt viel über Frauen, ihre charakterlichen Eigenschaften und ihre Beziehung zu Männern aus. Zudem werden auch Menstruationszyklus und das angemessene Verhalten von sexuellen Beziehungen zwischen Männern und Frauen dargestellt.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Muslim Women.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Frauen|summary=Diese Seite gibt einen Überblick darüber, was die Tradition über Frauen sagt.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Alazl.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Al-'Azl|summary=Diese Seite enthält Quellen aus der islamischen Tradition zu al-'Azl, auch Coitus interruptus genannt, das ein wichtiges Thema für die frühe islamische Gemeinschaft war.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">{{PortalArticle|image=Hijab.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Hijab|summary=Auf dieser Seite finden Sie islamische Quellen zur Theorie und Praxis des Hijabs. Ebenso über die Bedeckung der Geschlechtsteile (genannt "Aura") einer Frau.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Mahr.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Mahr|summary=Auf dieser Seite erfahren Sie, was die islamische Tradition über die "Mahr", zu dt. Brautgabe, die in jeder islamischen Ehe gezahlt werden muss, zu sagen hat.|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Beauty and Makeup]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Honor Killing]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Rape of Slaves, Prisoners, and Wives]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Violence Against Women]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Wife Beating]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Dschihad==

Der Dschihad ist der heilige Krieg im Islam, die "sechste Säule", die ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Glaubens der frühen Bewegung war und ihn deutlich von den Religionen, die ihm vorausgingen, unterschied. Diese Seiten dokumentieren, was die islamische Tradition über diese wichtige Lehre und Konzept zu sagen hat.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Hoseback Jihad 2.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Dschihad|summary=Diese Seite zeigt einen Überblick über die islamischen Quellen zum Dschihad.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Khalid bin Walid Jihad.jpeg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Defensiver Dschihad|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zur Theorie und Praxis des defensiven Dschihad.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Afghan Mujahideen 2.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Mudschahiden|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zu den Mudschaheddin, den heiligen Kriegern, die im Dschihad kämpfen.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Schoalr on Jihad.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Gelehrte über den Dschihad|summary=Diese Seite enthält Zitate der großen sunnitischen Rechtsschulen zur Theorie und Praxis des Dschihad|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
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*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Peaceful Coexistence]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Offensive Jihad]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad (Miscellaneous Texts)]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forced Conversion]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Nicht-Muslime==
Die islamische Tradition hat viel über Nicht-Muslime und ihre Beziehung zu den Gläubigen zu sagen. Immer wieder wird im Koran und in der Sunna auf die "schmerzhafte Folter" und das "Verhängnis" hingewiesen, die die Ungläubigen erwarten, und darauf, dass es unangebracht ist, sie als Freunde oder Beschützer anzusehen.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Priest Talking with Ottoman.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Nicht-Muslime|summary=Diese Seite gibt einen Überblick über islamische Quellen zu Ungläubigen, sowohl im Diesseits als auch im Jenseits.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=ExMuslim Because.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Apostasie|summary=Diese Seite enthält Quellen über die Zustimmung der islamischen Rechtsschulen, dass diejenigen, die dem Islam abschwören und sich weigern, zum Glauben zurückzukehren, den Tod verdienen.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Faiths of the Book.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Leute des Buches|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zu den "Leuten des Buches", d. h. Christen und Juden.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Muslim Non-Muslim Friends.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Freundschaft mit Nicht-Muslimen|summary=Diese Seite enthält Zitate aus den Quellen über Freundschaften und freundschaftliche Beziehungen zwischen Muslimen und Nicht-Muslimen.|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Atheists]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Characteristics of Non-Muslims]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Verschiedenes==
Die islamische Tradition ist wirklich umfangreich, und diese Seiten enthalten Zitate aus islamischen Quellen zu verschiedenen Themen, die nicht ohne weiteres in eine andere Kategorie passen.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Crimean-slave-trade.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Sklaverei|summary=Diese Seite enthält verschiedene Zitate aus der Sunna|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Alkutub Assittah.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Verschiedenes|summary=Auf dieser Seite finden Sie verschiedene Zitate aus der Sunna|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Banu qurayza massacre.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Banu Qurayza|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zur Geschichte des Massakers an den Banu Qurayza|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Dhimmitude.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Dhimma|summary=Diese Seite enthält Quellen zur Dhimma, dem Vertrag über die Bürgerschaft zweiter Klasse, den der ideale islamische Staat seinen nicht-muslimischen Untertanen auferlegt.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Hadith.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Bemerkenswerte und merkwürdige islamische Überlieferungen|summary=Diese Seite enthält bemerkenswerte Überlieferungen aus der Sunna|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Verschiedenes===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Alcohol]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad (Miscellaneous Texts)]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Amputation]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Animals]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Cosmology]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Creation]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forbidden Things]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Homosexuality]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Heaven]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Hell]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Health and Hygiene]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Lying and Deception]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Music]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Child Marriage]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Pictures and Images]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Predestination]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mischief]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Punishments]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Race and Tribe]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Sexuality]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Stoning]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Toilet Etiquette]]
*[[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Urine]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Witchcraft and the Occult]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Zakat]]
{{col-float-end}}

[[Category:Portals]]

Portal: Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte

2022-02-25T07:27:08Z

IchbinRidda:

<metadesc>Traditional Scholars portal summary</metadesc>
{{#seo:
|title=Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars
|keywords=Scriptures, Quran, Hadith, ulemaa, scholar, Islam
|description=WikiIslam portal for articles about Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars pages
|image=Quran.png
|image_alt=Quran.png
}}

Der Koran, die Hadith sowie die Schriften stellen auf WikiIslam jeweils eine Kategorie dar. Die enthaltenen Artikel selbst sind keine Enzyklopädie-Artikel, stattdessen sind sie eine einzigartige Sammlung von Koranversen, Hadithe, Sirah-Traditionen, und Tafsir. Ebenso enthalten sind Schriften klassischer Gelehrter und Fataawaa von heutigen islamischen Scheiches sowie Ulemaa. Sortiert sind die Artikel nach Themen und sollen Studenten, Forschern und Neugierigen dabei helfen, mehr über den Islam zu erfahren.

==Die islamische Tradition==

Die Tradition erhebt viele Ansprüche an sich selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Islamic Tradition.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Die islamische Tradition|summary= Die Tradition erhebt viele Ansprüche an sich selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Ancient Mushaf.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Textgeschichte des Korans|summary= Die Überlieferung enthält viele Details über die Geschichte des Textes des Korans selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Gutenberg Bible.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Verfälschung der früheren Schriften|summary= Diese Seite dokumentiert, was die Tradition über die Schriften der Christen und Juden zu sagen hat und wie sie im Laufe der Geschichte bewahrt wurden.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Daughters of Allah.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Mohammed und die satanischen Verse|summary= Dieser Abschnitt dokumentiert, was die Überlieferung über den berühmten Gharaniq Fall zu sagen hat, bei dem der Prophet Verse des Satans in den Koran eingefügt haben soll|description=}}
</div>
</div>

==Muhammad==

Muhammad gilt in der islamischen Tradition als der "perfekte Mensch" und seine Worte als auch Taten bilden die Grundlage für den größten Teil des islamischen Rechts. In diesem Abschnitt erfahren Sie, was die Tradition über ihn selbst aussagt.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Maome.jpeg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad|summary=Diese Seite zeigt einen umfassenden Überblick über das auf, was die Tradition über Mohammed sagt.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Desert_Pack_Animals.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad und die Beute|summary= Kriegsbeute war ein wichtiges Thema für die frühe muslimische Gemeinschaft und diese Seite dokumentiert, was die Überlieferung über Muhammad und die Einnahme und Aufteilung der Kriegsbeuten aussagt.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">{{PortalArticle|image=Hoseback Jihad 2.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad und der Dschihad|summary=Auf dieser Seite erfahren Sie, was die Überlieferung über Muhammad und sein Streben nach dem Dschihad oder heiligen Krieg berichtet.|description= }}
{{PortalArticle|image=Death of the Prophet.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Der Tod Muhammads|summary=Auf dieser Seite sind einige der islamischen Überlieferungen über den Tod des Propheten zusammengefasst.|description= }}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn"></div>
</div>
===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Oaths]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:What is Allowed to Muhammad and Not to the Ummah]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Ordering Executions]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Terror]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Torture]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and War]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammads Wives and Concubines]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's White Complexion]]
{{col-float-end}}

==Frauen==

Die islamische Tradition sagt viel über Frauen, ihre charakterlichen Eigenschaften, ihre Beziehung zu Männern, ihren Menstruationszyklus und über das angemessene Verhalten von sexuellen Beziehungen zwischen Männern und Frauen aus.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Muslim Women.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Frauen|summary=Diese Seite gibt einen Überblick darüber, was die Tradition über Frauen sagt.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Alazl.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Al-'Azl|summary=Diese Seite enthält Quellen aus der islamischen Tradition zu al-'Azl, auch Coitus interruptus genannt, das ein wichtiges Thema für die frühe islamische Gemeinschaft war.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">{{PortalArticle|image=Hijab.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Hijab|summary=Auf dieser Seite finden Sie islamische Quellen zur Theorie und Praxis des Hijabs. Ebenso über die Bedeckung der Geschlechtsteile (genannt "Aura") einer Frau.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Mahr.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Mahr|summary=Auf dieser Seite erfahren Sie, was die islamische Tradition über die "Mahr", zu dt. Brautgabe, die in jeder islamischen Ehe gezahlt werden muss, zu sagen hat.|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Beauty and Makeup]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Honor Killing]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Rape of Slaves, Prisoners, and Wives]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Violence Against Women]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Wife Beating]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Dschihad==

Der Dschihad ist der heilige Krieg im Islam, die "sechste Säule", die ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Glaubens der frühen Bewegung war und ihn deutlich von den Religionen, die ihm vorausgingen, unterschied. Diese Seiten dokumentieren, was die islamische Tradition über diese wichtige Lehre und Konzept zu sagen hat.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Hoseback Jihad 2.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Dschihad|summary=Diese Seite zeigt einen Überblick über die islamischen Quellen zum Dschihad.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Khalid bin Walid Jihad.jpeg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Defensiver Dschihad|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zur Theorie und Praxis des defensiven Dschihad.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Afghan Mujahideen 2.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Mudschahiden|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zu den Mudschaheddin, den heiligen Kriegern, die im Dschihad kämpfen.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Schoalr on Jihad.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Gelehrte über den Dschihad|summary=Diese Seite enthält Zitate der großen sunnitischen Rechtsschulen zur Theorie und Praxis des Dschihad|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Peaceful Coexistence]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Offensive Jihad]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad (Miscellaneous Texts)]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forced Conversion]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Nicht-Muslime==
Die islamische Tradition hat viel über Nicht-Muslime und ihre Beziehung zu den Gläubigen zu sagen. Immer wieder wird im Koran und in der Sunna auf die "schmerzhafte Folter" und das "Verhängnis" hingewiesen, die die Ungläubigen erwarten, und darauf, dass es unangebracht ist, sie als Freunde oder Beschützer anzusehen.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Priest Talking with Ottoman.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Nicht-Muslime|summary=Diese Seite gibt einen Überblick über islamische Quellen zu Ungläubigen, sowohl im Diesseits als auch im Jenseits.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=ExMuslim Because.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Apostasie|summary=Diese Seite enthält Quellen über die Zustimmung der islamischen Rechtsschulen, dass diejenigen, die dem Islam abschwören und sich weigern, zum Glauben zurückzukehren, den Tod verdienen.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Faiths of the Book.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Leute des Buches|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zu den "Leuten des Buches", d. h. Christen und Juden.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Muslim Non-Muslim Friends.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Freundschaft mit Nicht-Muslimen|summary=Diese Seite enthält Zitate aus den Quellen über Freundschaften und freundschaftliche Beziehungen zwischen Muslimen und Nicht-Muslimen.|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Atheists]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Characteristics of Non-Muslims]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Verschiedenes==
Die islamische Tradition ist wirklich umfangreich, und diese Seiten enthalten Zitate aus islamischen Quellen zu verschiedenen Themen, die nicht ohne weiteres in eine andere Kategorie passen.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Crimean-slave-trade.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Sklaverei|summary=Diese Seite enthält verschiedene Zitate aus der Sunna|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Alkutub Assittah.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Verschiedenes|summary=Auf dieser Seite finden Sie verschiedene Zitate aus der Sunna|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Banu qurayza massacre.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Banu Qurayza|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zur Geschichte des Massakers an den Banu Qurayza|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Dhimmitude.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Dhimma|summary=Diese Seite enthält Quellen zur Dhimma, dem Vertrag über die Bürgerschaft zweiter Klasse, den der ideale islamische Staat seinen nicht-muslimischen Untertanen auferlegt.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Hadith.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Bemerkenswerte und merkwürdige islamische Überlieferungen|summary=Diese Seite enthält bemerkenswerte Überlieferungen aus der Sunna|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Verschiedenes===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Alcohol]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad (Miscellaneous Texts)]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Amputation]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Animals]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Cosmology]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Creation]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forbidden Things]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Homosexuality]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Heaven]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Hell]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Health and Hygiene]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Lying and Deception]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Music]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Child Marriage]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Pictures and Images]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Predestination]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mischief]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Punishments]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Race and Tribe]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Sexuality]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Stoning]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Toilet Etiquette]]
*[[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Urine]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Witchcraft and the Occult]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Zakat]]
{{col-float-end}}

[[Category:Portals]]

Portal: Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte

2022-02-25T07:03:21Z

IchbinRidda:

<metadesc>Traditional Scholars portal summary</metadesc>
{{#seo:
|title=Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars
|keywords=Scriptures, Quran, Hadith, ulemaa, scholar, Islam
|description=WikiIslam portal for articles about Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars pages
|image=Quran.png
|image_alt=Quran.png
}}

Der Koran, die Hadith sowie die Schriften stellen auf WikiIslam jeweils eine Kategorie dar. Die enthaltenen Artikel selbst sind keine Enzyklopädie-Artikel, stattdessen stellen sie eine einzigartige Sammlung von Koranversen, Hadithe, Sirah-Traditionen, Tafsir, Schriften klassischer Gelehrter und Fataawaa von heutigen islamischen Scheiches und Ulemaa dar. Sortiert sind die Artikel nach Themen und sollen Studenten, Forschern und Neugierigen dabei helfen, mehr über den Islam zu erfahren.

==Die islamische Tradition==

Die Tradition erhebt viele Ansprüche an sich selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Islamic Tradition.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Die islamische Tradition|summary= Die Tradition erhebt viele Ansprüche an sich selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Ancient Mushaf.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Textgeschichte des Korans|summary= Die Überlieferung enthält viele Details über die Geschichte des Textes des Korans selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Gutenberg Bible.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Verfälschung der früheren Schriften|summary= Diese Seite dokumentiert, was die Tradition über die Schriften der Christen und Juden zu sagen hat und wie sie im Laufe der Geschichte bewahrt wurden.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Daughters of Allah.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Mohammed und die satanischen Verse|summary= Dieser Abschnitt dokumentiert, was die Überlieferung über den berühmten Gharaniq Fall zu sagen hat, bei dem der Prophet Verse des Satans in den Koran eingefügt haben soll|description=}}
</div>
</div>

==Muhammad==

Muhammad gilt in der islamischen Tradition als der "perfekte Mensch" und seine Worte als auch Taten bilden die Grundlage für den größten Teil des islamischen Rechts. In diesem Abschnitt erfahren Sie, was die Tradition über ihn selbst aussagt.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Maome.jpeg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad|summary=Diese Seite zeigt einen umfassenden Überblick über das auf, was die Tradition über Mohammed sagt.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Desert_Pack_Animals.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad und die Beute|summary= Kriegsbeute war ein wichtiges Thema für die frühe muslimische Gemeinschaft und diese Seite dokumentiert, was die Überlieferung über Muhammad und die Einnahme und Aufteilung der Kriegsbeuten aussagt.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">{{PortalArticle|image=Hoseback Jihad 2.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad und der Dschihad|summary=Auf dieser Seite erfahren Sie, was die Überlieferung über Muhammad und sein Streben nach dem Dschihad oder heiligen Krieg berichtet.|description= }}
{{PortalArticle|image=Death of the Prophet.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Der Tod Muhammads|summary=Auf dieser Seite sind einige der islamischen Überlieferungen über den Tod des Propheten zusammengefasst.|description= }}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn"></div>
</div>
===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Oaths]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:What is Allowed to Muhammad and Not to the Ummah]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Ordering Executions]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Terror]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Torture]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and War]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammads Wives and Concubines]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's White Complexion]]
{{col-float-end}}

==Frauen==

Die islamische Tradition sagt viel über Frauen, ihre charakterlichen Eigenschaften, ihre Beziehung zu Männern, ihren Menstruationszyklus und über das angemessene Verhalten von sexuellen Beziehungen zwischen Männern und Frauen aus.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Muslim Women.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Frauen|summary=Diese Seite gibt einen Überblick darüber, was die Tradition über Frauen sagt.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Alazl.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Al-'Azl|summary=Diese Seite enthält Quellen aus der islamischen Tradition zu al-'Azl, auch Coitus interruptus genannt, das ein wichtiges Thema für die frühe islamische Gemeinschaft war.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">{{PortalArticle|image=Hijab.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Hijab|summary=Auf dieser Seite finden Sie islamische Quellen zur Theorie und Praxis des Hijabs. Ebenso über die Bedeckung der Geschlechtsteile (genannt "Aura") einer Frau.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Mahr.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Mahr|summary=Auf dieser Seite erfahren Sie, was die islamische Tradition über die "Mahr", zu dt. Brautgabe, die in jeder islamischen Ehe gezahlt werden muss, zu sagen hat.|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Beauty and Makeup]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Honor Killing]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Rape of Slaves, Prisoners, and Wives]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Violence Against Women]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Wife Beating]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Dschihad==

Der Dschihad ist der heilige Krieg im Islam, die "sechste Säule", die ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Glaubens der frühen Bewegung war und ihn deutlich von den Religionen, die ihm vorausgingen, unterschied. Diese Seiten dokumentieren, was die islamische Tradition über diese wichtige Lehre und Konzept zu sagen hat.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Hoseback Jihad 2.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Dschihad|summary=Diese Seite zeigt einen Überblick über die islamischen Quellen zum Dschihad.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Khalid bin Walid Jihad.jpeg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Defensiver Dschihad|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zur Theorie und Praxis des defensiven Dschihad.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Afghan Mujahideen 2.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Mudschahiden|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zu den Mudschaheddin, den heiligen Kriegern, die im Dschihad kämpfen.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Schoalr on Jihad.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Gelehrte über den Dschihad|summary=Diese Seite enthält Zitate der großen sunnitischen Rechtsschulen zur Theorie und Praxis des Dschihad|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Peaceful Coexistence]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Offensive Jihad]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad (Miscellaneous Texts)]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forced Conversion]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Nicht-Muslime==
Die islamische Tradition hat viel über Nicht-Muslime und ihre Beziehung zu den Gläubigen zu sagen. Immer wieder wird im Koran und in der Sunna auf die "schmerzhafte Folter" und das "Verhängnis" hingewiesen, die die Ungläubigen erwarten, und darauf, dass es unangebracht ist, sie als Freunde oder Beschützer anzusehen.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Priest Talking with Ottoman.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Nicht-Muslime|summary=Diese Seite gibt einen Überblick über islamische Quellen zu Ungläubigen, sowohl im Diesseits als auch im Jenseits.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=ExMuslim Because.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Apostasie|summary=Diese Seite enthält Quellen über die Zustimmung der islamischen Rechtsschulen, dass diejenigen, die dem Islam abschwören und sich weigern, zum Glauben zurückzukehren, den Tod verdienen.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Faiths of the Book.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Leute des Buches|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zu den "Leuten des Buches", d. h. Christen und Juden.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Muslim Non-Muslim Friends.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Freundschaft mit Nicht-Muslimen|summary=Diese Seite enthält Zitate aus den Quellen über Freundschaften und freundschaftliche Beziehungen zwischen Muslimen und Nicht-Muslimen.|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Atheists]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Characteristics of Non-Muslims]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Verschiedenes==
Die islamische Tradition ist wirklich umfangreich, und diese Seiten enthalten Zitate aus islamischen Quellen zu verschiedenen Themen, die nicht ohne weiteres in eine andere Kategorie passen.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Crimean-slave-trade.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Sklaverei|summary=Diese Seite enthält verschiedene Zitate aus der Sunna|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Alkutub Assittah.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Verschiedenes|summary=Auf dieser Seite finden Sie verschiedene Zitate aus der Sunna|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Banu qurayza massacre.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Banu Qurayza|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zur Geschichte des Massakers an den Banu Qurayza|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Dhimmitude.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Dhimma|summary=Diese Seite enthält Quellen zur Dhimma, dem Vertrag über die Bürgerschaft zweiter Klasse, den der ideale islamische Staat seinen nicht-muslimischen Untertanen auferlegt.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Hadith.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Bemerkenswerte und merkwürdige islamische Überlieferungen|summary=Diese Seite enthält bemerkenswerte Überlieferungen aus der Sunna|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Verschiedenes===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Alcohol]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad (Miscellaneous Texts)]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Amputation]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Animals]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Cosmology]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Creation]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forbidden Things]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Homosexuality]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Heaven]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Hell]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Health and Hygiene]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Lying and Deception]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Music]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Child Marriage]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Pictures and Images]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Predestination]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mischief]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Punishments]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Race and Tribe]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Sexuality]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Stoning]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Toilet Etiquette]]
*[[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Urine]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Witchcraft and the Occult]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Zakat]]
{{col-float-end}}

[[Category:Portals]]

Portal: Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte

2022-02-24T18:39:39Z

IchbinRidda: translation to de

<metadesc>Traditional Scholars portal summary</metadesc>
{{#seo:
|title=Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars
|keywords=Scriptures, Quran, Hadith, ulemaa, scholar, Islam
|description=WikiIslam portal for articles about Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars pages
|image=Quran.png
|image_alt=Quran.png
}}

Der Koran, die Hadith sowie die Schriften stellen auf WikiIslam jeweils eine Kategorie dar. Die enthaltenen Artikel selbst sind keine Enzyklopädie-Artikel, stattdessen stellen sie eine einzigartige Sammlung von Koranversen, Hadithe, Sirah-Traditionen, Tafsir, Schriften klassischer Gelehrter und Fataawaa von heutigen islamischen Scheiches und Ulemaa dar. Sortiert sind die Artikel nach Themen und sollen Studenten, Forschern und Neugierigen dabei helfen, mehr über den Islam zu erfahren.

==Die islamische Tradition==

Die Tradition erhebt viele Ansprüche an sich selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Islamic Tradition.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Die islamische Tradition|summary= Die Tradition erhebt viele Ansprüche an sich selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Ancient Mushaf.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Textgeschichte des Korans|summary= Die Überlieferung enthält viele Details über die Geschichte des Textes des Korans selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Gutenberg Bible.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Korruption der früheren Schriften|summary= Diese Seite dokumentiert, was die Tradition über die Schriften der Christen und Juden zu sagen hat und wie sie im Laufe der Geschichte bewahrt wurden.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Daughters of Allah.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Mohammed und die satanischen Verse|summary= Dieser Abschnitt dokumentiert, was die Überlieferung über den berühmten Gharaniq Fall zu sagen hat, bei dem der Prophet Verse des Satans in den Koran eingefügt haben soll|description=}}
</div>
</div>

==Muhammad==

Muhammad gilt in der islamischen Tradition als der "perfekte Mensch" und seine Worte als auch Taten bilden die Grundlage für den größten Teil des islamischen Rechts. In diesem Abschnitt erfahren Sie, was die Tradition über ihn selbst aussagt.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Maome.jpeg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad|summary=Diese Seite zeigt einen umfassenden Überblick über das auf, was die Tradition über Mohammed sagt.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Desert_Pack_Animals.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad und die Beute|summary= Kriegsbeute war ein wichtiges Thema für die frühe muslimische Gemeinschaft und diese Seite dokumentiert, was die Überlieferung über Muhammad und die Einnahme und Aufteilung der Kriegsbeuten aussagt.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">{{PortalArticle|image=Hoseback Jihad 2.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad und der Dschihad|summary=Auf dieser Seite erfahren Sie, was die Überlieferung über Muhammad und sein Streben nach dem Dschihad oder heiligen Krieg berichtet.|description= }}
{{PortalArticle|image=Death of the Prophet.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Der Tod Muhammads|summary=Auf dieser Seite sind einige der islamischen Überlieferungen über den Tod des Propheten zusammengefasst.|description= }}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn"></div>
</div>
===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Oaths]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:What is Allowed to Muhammad and Not to the Ummah]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Ordering Executions]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Terror]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Torture]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and War]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammads Wives and Concubines]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's White Complexion]]
{{col-float-end}}

==Frauen==

Die islamische Tradition sagt viel über Frauen, ihre charakterlichen Eigenschaften, ihre Beziehung zu Männern, ihren Menstruationszyklus und über das angemessene Verhalten von sexuellen Beziehungen zwischen Männern und Frauen aus.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Muslim Women.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Frauen|summary=Diese Seite gibt einen Überblick darüber, was die Tradition über Frauen sagt.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Alazl.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Al-'Azl|summary=Diese Seite enthält Quellen aus der islamischen Tradition zu al-'Azl, auch Coitus interruptus genannt, das ein wichtiges Thema für die frühe islamische Gemeinschaft war.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">{{PortalArticle|image=Hijab.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Hijab|summary=Auf dieser Seite finden Sie islamische Quellen zur Theorie und Praxis des Hijabs. Ebenso über die Bedeckung der Geschlechtsteile (genannt "Aura") einer Frau.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Mahr.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Mahr|summary=Auf dieser Seite erfahren Sie, was die islamische Tradition über die "Mahr", zu dt. Brautgabe, die in jeder islamischen Ehe gezahlt werden muss, zu sagen hat.|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Beauty and Makeup]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Honor Killing]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Rape of Slaves, Prisoners, and Wives]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Violence Against Women]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Wife Beating]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Dschihad==

Der Dschihad ist der heilige Krieg im Islam, die "sechste Säule", die ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Glaubens der frühen Bewegung war und ihn deutlich von den Religionen, die ihm vorausgingen, unterschied. Diese Seiten dokumentieren, was die islamische Tradition über diese wichtige Lehre und Konzept zu sagen hat.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Hoseback Jihad 2.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Dschihad|summary=Diese Seite zeigt einen Überblick über die islamischen Quellen zum Dschihad.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Khalid bin Walid Jihad.jpeg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Defensiver Dschihad|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zur Theorie und Praxis des defensiven Dschihad.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Afghan Mujahideen 2.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Mudschahiden|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zu den Mudschaheddin, den heiligen Kriegern, die im Dschihad kämpfen.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Schoalr on Jihad.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Gelehrte über den Dschihad|summary=Diese Seite enthält Zitate der großen sunnitischen Rechtsschulen zur Theorie und Praxis des Dschihad|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Peaceful Coexistence]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Offensive Jihad]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad (Miscellaneous Texts)]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forced Conversion]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Nicht-Muslime==
Die islamische Tradition hat viel über Nicht-Muslime und ihre Beziehung zu den Gläubigen zu sagen. Immer wieder wird im Koran und in der Sunna auf die "schmerzhafte Folter" und das "Verhängnis" hingewiesen, die die Ungläubigen erwarten, und darauf, dass es unangebracht ist, sie als Freunde oder Beschützer anzusehen.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Priest Talking with Ottoman.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Nicht-Muslime|summary=Diese Seite gibt einen Überblick über islamische Quellen zu Ungläubigen, sowohl im Diesseits als auch im Jenseits.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=ExMuslim Because.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Apostasie|summary=Diese Seite enthält Quellen über die Zustimmung der islamischen Rechtsschulen, dass diejenigen, die dem Islam abschwören und sich weigern, zum Glauben zurückzukehren, den Tod verdienen.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Faiths of the Book.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Leute des Buches|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zu den "Leuten des Buches", d. h. Christen und Juden.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Muslim Non-Muslim Friends.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Freundschaft mit Nicht-Muslimen|summary=Diese Seite enthält Zitate aus den Quellen über Freundschaften und freundschaftliche Beziehungen zwischen Muslimen und Nicht-Muslimen.|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Atheists]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Characteristics of Non-Muslims]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Verschiedenes==
Die islamische Tradition ist wirklich umfangreich, und diese Seiten enthalten Zitate aus islamischen Quellen zu verschiedenen Themen, die nicht ohne weiteres in eine andere Kategorie passen.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Crimean-slave-trade.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Sklaverei|summary=Diese Seite enthält verschiedene Zitate aus der Sunna|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Alkutub Assittah.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Verschiedenes|summary=Auf dieser Seite finden Sie verschiedene Zitate aus der Sunna|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Banu qurayza massacre.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Banu Qurayza|summary=Diese Seite enthält islamische Quellen zur Geschichte des Massakers an den Banu Qurayza|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Dhimmitude.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Dhimma|summary=Diese Seite enthält Quellen zur Dhimma, dem Vertrag über die Bürgerschaft zweiter Klasse, den der ideale islamische Staat seinen nicht-muslimischen Untertanen auferlegt.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Hadith.png|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Bemerkenswerte und merkwürdige islamische Überlieferungen|summary=Diese Seite enthält bemerkenswerte Überlieferungen aus der Sunna|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Verschiedenes===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Alcohol]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad (Miscellaneous Texts)]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Amputation]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Animals]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Cosmology]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Creation]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forbidden Things]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Homosexuality]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Heaven]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Hell]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Health and Hygiene]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Lying and Deception]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Music]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Child Marriage]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Pictures and Images]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Predestination]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mischief]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Punishments]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Race and Tribe]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Sexuality]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Stoning]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Toilet Etiquette]]
*[[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Urine]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Witchcraft and the Occult]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Zakat]]
{{col-float-end}}

[[Category:Portals]]

Portal: Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte

2022-02-24T17:56:36Z

IchbinRidda: translation to de

<metadesc>Traditional Scholars portal summary</metadesc>
{{#seo:
|title=Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars
|keywords=Scriptures, Quran, Hadith, ulemaa, scholar, Islam
|description=WikiIslam portal for articles about Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars pages
|image=Quran.png
|image_alt=Quran.png
}}

Der Koran, die Hadith sowie die Schriften stellen auf WikiIslam jeweils eine Kategorie dar. Die enthaltenen Artikel selbst sind keine Enzyklopädie-Artikel, stattdessen stellen sie eine einzigartige Sammlung von Koranversen, Hadithe, Sirah-Traditionen, Tafsir, Schriften klassischer Gelehrter und Futuwa von heutigen islamischen Scheiches und Ulemaa dar. Sortiert sind die Artikel nach Themen und sollen Studenten, Forschern und Neugierigen dabei helfen, mehr über den Islam zu erfahren.

==Die islamische Tradition==

Die Tradition erhebt viele Ansprüche an sich selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Islamic Tradition.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Die islamische Tradition|summary= Die Tradition erhebt viele Ansprüche an sich selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Ancient Mushaf.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Textgeschichte des Korans|summary= Die Überlieferung enthält viele Details über die Geschichte des Textes des Korans selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Gutenberg Bible.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Korruption der früheren Schriften|summary= Diese Seite dokumentiert, was die Tradition über die Schriften der Christen und Juden zu sagen hat und wie sie im Laufe der Geschichte bewahrt wurden.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Daughters of Allah.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Mohammed und die satanischen Verse|summary= Dieser Abschnitt dokumentiert, was die Überlieferung über den berühmten Gharaniq Fall zu sagen hat, bei dem der Prophet Verse des Satans in den Koran eingefügt haben soll|description=}}
</div>
</div>

==Muhammad==

Muhammad gilt in der islamischen Tradition als der "perfekte Mensch" und seine Worte als auch Taten bilden die Grundlage für den größten Teil des islamischen Rechts. In diesem Abschnitt erfahren Sie, was die Tradition über ihn selbst aussagt.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Maome.jpeg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad|summary=Diese Seite zeigt einen umfassenden Überblick über das auf, was die Tradition über Mohammed sagt.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Desert_Pack_Animals.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad und die Beute|summary= Kriegsbeute war ein wichtiges Thema für die frühe muslimische Gemeinschaft und diese Seite dokumentiert, was die Überlieferung über Muhammad und die Einnahme und Aufteilung der Kriegsbeuten aussagt.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">{{PortalArticle|image=Hoseback Jihad 2.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Muhammad und der Dschihad|summary=Auf dieser Seite erfahren Sie, was die Überlieferung über Muhammad und sein Streben nach dem Dschihad oder heiligen Krieg berichtet.|description= }}
{{PortalArticle|image=Death of the Prophet.JPG|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Der Tod Muhammads|summary=Auf dieser Seite sind einige der islamischen Überlieferungen über den Tod des Propheten zusammengefasst.|description= }}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn"></div>
</div>
===Weitere Artikel in diesem Abschnitt===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Oaths]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:What is Allowed to Muhammad and Not to the Ummah]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Ordering Executions]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Terror]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Torture]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and War]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammads Wives and Concubines]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's White Complexion]]
{{col-float-end}}

==Women==

The Islamic tradition has much to say about women, their characteristics, their relationship to men, their menstrual cycle, and the propriety of men having sexual relations with them.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Muslim Women.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Women|summary=This page provides an overview of what the tradition has to say about women.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Alazl.png|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Al-'Azl|summary=This page provides primary sources from the Islamic tradition on al-'Azl, or coitus interruptus, an important topic for the early Islamic community.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Hijab.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Hijab|summary=This page provides Islamic primary sources on the theory and practice of hijab, the covering a woman's "aura" or private parts from anyone but her husband and family.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Mahr.png|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mahr|summary=This page covers what the Islamic tradition has to say about the [[Mahr (Marital Price)|mahr]], the marital price which must be paid in every Islamic marriage.|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Other articles in this section===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Beauty and Makeup]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Honor Killing]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Rape of Slaves, Prisoners, and Wives]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Violence Against Women]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Wife Beating]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Jihad==

Jihad is holy war in Islam, the "sixth pillar" that was an essential part of the faith of the early movement, and which distinguished it sharply from the religions which preceded it. These pages document what the Islamic tradition has to say on this important doctrine and concept.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Hoseback Jihad 2.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad|summary=ِ This page provides an overview of Islamic primary sources on jihad.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Khalid bin Walid Jihad.jpeg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Defensive Jihad|summary=ِ This page provides Islamic primary sources on the theory and practice of defensive jihad.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Afghan Mujahideen 2.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mujahids|summary=ِ This page details Islamic primary sources concerning mujaahideen, the holy warriors who fight in jihad.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Schoalr on Jihad.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Scholars on Jihad|summary=ِ This page provides quotations from the great schools Sunni jurisprudence on the theory and practice of jihad|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Other articles in this section===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Peaceful Coexistence]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Offensive Jihad]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad (Miscellaneous Texts)]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forced Conversion]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Non-Muslims==
The tradition has much to say about non-Muslims and their relationship to the believers. Time and again, the Qur'an and Sunnah reiterate time and again the "painful torture" and "doom" that await the non-believers, and the inappropriateness of taking them for friends or protectors.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Priest Talking with Ottoman.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Non-Muslims|summary=ِ This page provides an overview of Islamic primary sources on non-believers, both in this world and the hereafter.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=ExMuslim Because.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Apostasy|summary=ِ All schools of Islamic jurisprudence agree that those who renounce Islam and refuse to return to the faith deserve death, and this page provides the primary sources for this belief.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Faiths of the Book.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:People of the Book|summary=ِ This page details Islamic primary sources concerning the "[[People of the Book|people of the book]]" that is Christians and Jews.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Muslim Non-Muslim Friends.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Friendship with Non-Muslims|summary=ِ This page provides quotations from the primary sources on friendships and friendly relations between Muslims and non-Muslims.|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Other articles in this section===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Atheists]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Characteristics of Non-Muslims]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Miscellaneous==
The Islamic tradition is truly vast, and these pages contain quotes from Islamic primary sources on various subjects that do not easily fit into any other category.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Crimean-slave-trade.png|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Slavery|summary=ِ This page provides various quotations from the Sunnah|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Alkutub Assittah.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Miscellaneous|summary=ِ This page provides various quotations from the Sunnah|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Banu qurayza massacre.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Banu Qurayza|summary=ِ This page provides Islamic primary sources on the story of [[The Massacre of the Banu Qurayza]]|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Dhimmitude.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Dhimma|summary=ِ This page provides primary sources on the [[dhimma]], the compact of second-class citizenship that the ideal Islamic state imposes on its non-Muslims subjects.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Hadith.png|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars: Remarkable and Strange Islamic Traditions|summary=ِ This page provides remarkable traditions from the Sunnah|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Miscellaneous===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Alcohol]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad (Miscellaneous Texts)]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Amputation]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Animals]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Cosmology]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Creation]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forbidden Things]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Homosexuality]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Heaven]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Hell]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Health and Hygiene]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Lying and Deception]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Music]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Child Marriage]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Pictures and Images]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Predestination]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mischief]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Punishments]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Race and Tribe]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Sexuality]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Stoning]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Toilet Etiquette]]
*[[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Urine]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Witchcraft and the Occult]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Zakat]]
{{col-float-end}}

[[Category:Portals]]

Portal: Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte

2022-02-24T17:47:16Z

IchbinRidda: translation to de

<metadesc>Traditional Scholars portal summary</metadesc>
{{#seo:
|title=Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars
|keywords=Scriptures, Quran, Hadith, ulemaa, scholar, Islam
|description=WikiIslam portal for articles about Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars pages
|image=Quran.png
|image_alt=Quran.png
}}

Der Koran, die Hadith sowie die Schriften stellen auf WikiIslam jeweils eine Kategorie dar. Die enthaltenen Artikel selbst sind keine Enzyklopädie-Artikel, stattdessen stellen sie eine einzigartige Sammlung von Koranversen, Hadithe, Sirah-Traditionen, Tafsir, Schriften klassischer Gelehrter und Futuwa von heutigen islamischen Scheiches und Ulemaa dar. Sortiert sind die Artikel nach Themen und sollen Studenten, Forschern und Neugierigen dabei helfen, mehr über den Islam zu erfahren.

==Die islamische Tradition==

Die Tradition erhebt viele Ansprüche an sich selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Islamic Tradition.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Die islamische Tradition|summary= Die Tradition erhebt viele Ansprüche an sich selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Ancient Mushaf.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte:Textgeschichte des Korans|summary= Die Überlieferung enthält viele Details über die Geschichte des Textes des Korans selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Gutenberg Bible.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte:Korruption der früheren Schriften|summary= Diese Seite dokumentiert, was die Tradition über die Schriften der Christen und Juden zu sagen hat und wie sie im Laufe der Geschichte bewahrt wurden.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Daughters of Allah.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and the Satanic Verses|summary= This section documents what the tradition has to say of the famous gharaniq incident, where the prophet is suppossed to have inserted verses from Satan into the Qur'an|description=}}
</div>
</div>

==Muhammad==

Muhammad is considered to be the "perfect man" in the Islamic tradition and his words and deeds form the basis for most of Islamic law. This section details what the tradition has to say about him.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Maome.jpeg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad|summary=This page provides a broad overview of what the tradition has to say about Muhammad.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Desert_Pack_Animals.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Booty|summary= Booty taken in war was an important subject for the early Muslim community, and this page documents what the tradition had to say about Muhammad and the taking and dividing of booty in war.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Hoseback Jihad 2.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars: Muhammad and Jihad on the path of Allah|summary=This page details what the tradition has to say about Muhammad and his pursuit of jihad or holy war.|description= }}
{{PortalArticle|image=Death of the Prophet.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's Death|summary=This page brings together a number of the Islamic traditions about the death of the prophet.|description= }}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn"></div>
</div>
===Other articles in this section===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Oaths]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:What is Allowed to Muhammad and Not to the Ummah]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Ordering Executions]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Terror]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Torture]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and War]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammads Wives and Concubines]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's White Complexion]]
{{col-float-end}}

==Women==

The Islamic tradition has much to say about women, their characteristics, their relationship to men, their menstrual cycle, and the propriety of men having sexual relations with them.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Muslim Women.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Women|summary=This page provides an overview of what the tradition has to say about women.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Alazl.png|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Al-'Azl|summary=This page provides primary sources from the Islamic tradition on al-'Azl, or coitus interruptus, an important topic for the early Islamic community.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Hijab.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Hijab|summary=This page provides Islamic primary sources on the theory and practice of hijab, the covering a woman's "aura" or private parts from anyone but her husband and family.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Mahr.png|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mahr|summary=This page covers what the Islamic tradition has to say about the [[Mahr (Marital Price)|mahr]], the marital price which must be paid in every Islamic marriage.|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Other articles in this section===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Beauty and Makeup]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Honor Killing]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Rape of Slaves, Prisoners, and Wives]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Violence Against Women]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Wife Beating]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Jihad==

Jihad is holy war in Islam, the "sixth pillar" that was an essential part of the faith of the early movement, and which distinguished it sharply from the religions which preceded it. These pages document what the Islamic tradition has to say on this important doctrine and concept.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Hoseback Jihad 2.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad|summary=ِ This page provides an overview of Islamic primary sources on jihad.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Khalid bin Walid Jihad.jpeg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Defensive Jihad|summary=ِ This page provides Islamic primary sources on the theory and practice of defensive jihad.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Afghan Mujahideen 2.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mujahids|summary=ِ This page details Islamic primary sources concerning mujaahideen, the holy warriors who fight in jihad.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Schoalr on Jihad.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Scholars on Jihad|summary=ِ This page provides quotations from the great schools Sunni jurisprudence on the theory and practice of jihad|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Other articles in this section===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Peaceful Coexistence]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Offensive Jihad]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad (Miscellaneous Texts)]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forced Conversion]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Non-Muslims==
The tradition has much to say about non-Muslims and their relationship to the believers. Time and again, the Qur'an and Sunnah reiterate time and again the "painful torture" and "doom" that await the non-believers, and the inappropriateness of taking them for friends or protectors.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Priest Talking with Ottoman.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Non-Muslims|summary=ِ This page provides an overview of Islamic primary sources on non-believers, both in this world and the hereafter.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=ExMuslim Because.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Apostasy|summary=ِ All schools of Islamic jurisprudence agree that those who renounce Islam and refuse to return to the faith deserve death, and this page provides the primary sources for this belief.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Faiths of the Book.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:People of the Book|summary=ِ This page details Islamic primary sources concerning the "[[People of the Book|people of the book]]" that is Christians and Jews.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Muslim Non-Muslim Friends.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Friendship with Non-Muslims|summary=ِ This page provides quotations from the primary sources on friendships and friendly relations between Muslims and non-Muslims.|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Other articles in this section===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Atheists]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Characteristics of Non-Muslims]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Miscellaneous==
The Islamic tradition is truly vast, and these pages contain quotes from Islamic primary sources on various subjects that do not easily fit into any other category.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Crimean-slave-trade.png|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Slavery|summary=ِ This page provides various quotations from the Sunnah|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Alkutub Assittah.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Miscellaneous|summary=ِ This page provides various quotations from the Sunnah|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Banu qurayza massacre.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Banu Qurayza|summary=ِ This page provides Islamic primary sources on the story of [[The Massacre of the Banu Qurayza]]|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Dhimmitude.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Dhimma|summary=ِ This page provides primary sources on the [[dhimma]], the compact of second-class citizenship that the ideal Islamic state imposes on its non-Muslims subjects.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Hadith.png|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars: Remarkable and Strange Islamic Traditions|summary=ِ This page provides remarkable traditions from the Sunnah|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Miscellaneous===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Alcohol]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad (Miscellaneous Texts)]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Amputation]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Animals]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Cosmology]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Creation]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forbidden Things]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Homosexuality]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Heaven]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Hell]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Health and Hygiene]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Lying and Deception]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Music]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Child Marriage]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Pictures and Images]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Predestination]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mischief]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Punishments]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Race and Tribe]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Sexuality]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Stoning]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Toilet Etiquette]]
*[[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Urine]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Witchcraft and the Occult]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Zakat]]
{{col-float-end}}

[[Category:Portals]]

Portal: Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte

2022-02-24T17:43:21Z

IchbinRidda: translation to de

<metadesc>Traditional Scholars portal summary</metadesc>
{{#seo:
|title=Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars
|keywords=Scriptures, Quran, Hadith, ulemaa, scholar, Islam
|description=WikiIslam portal for articles about Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars pages
|image=Quran.png
|image_alt=Quran.png
}}

Der Koran, die Hadith sowie die Schriften stellen auf WikiIslam jeweils eine Kategorie dar. Die enthaltenen Artikel selbst sind keine Enzyklopädie-Artikel, stattdessen stellen sie eine einzigartige Sammlung von Koranversen, Hadithe, Sirah-Traditionen, Tafsir, Schriften klassischer Gelehrter und Futuwa von heutigen islamischen Scheiches und Ulemaa dar. Sortiert sind die Artikel nach Themen und sollen Studenten, Forschern und Neugierigen dabei helfen, mehr über den Islam zu erfahren.

==Die islamische Tradition==

Die Tradition erhebt viele Ansprüche an sich selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper"><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Islamic Tradition.jpg|title=Koran, Hadith und Gelehrte: Die islamische Tradition|summary= Die Tradition erhebt viele Ansprüche an sich selbst, die hier dokumentiert sind.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Ancient Mushaf.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Textual History of the Qur'an|summary= The tradition provides much detail on the history of the text of the Qur'an itself, documented here.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Gutenberg Bible.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Corruption of Previous Scriptures|summary= This page documents what the tradition has to say on the scriptures of the Christians and Jews, and how they have been preserved throughout history.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Daughters of Allah.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and the Satanic Verses|summary= This section documents what the tradition has to say of the famous gharaniq incident, where the prophet is suppossed to have inserted verses from Satan into the Qur'an|description=}}
</div>
</div>

==Muhammad==

Muhammad is considered to be the "perfect man" in the Islamic tradition and his words and deeds form the basis for most of Islamic law. This section details what the tradition has to say about him.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Maome.jpeg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad|summary=This page provides a broad overview of what the tradition has to say about Muhammad.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Desert_Pack_Animals.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Booty|summary= Booty taken in war was an important subject for the early Muslim community, and this page documents what the tradition had to say about Muhammad and the taking and dividing of booty in war.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Hoseback Jihad 2.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars: Muhammad and Jihad on the path of Allah|summary=This page details what the tradition has to say about Muhammad and his pursuit of jihad or holy war.|description= }}
{{PortalArticle|image=Death of the Prophet.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's Death|summary=This page brings together a number of the Islamic traditions about the death of the prophet.|description= }}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn"></div>
</div>
===Other articles in this section===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Oaths]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:What is Allowed to Muhammad and Not to the Ummah]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Ordering Executions]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Terror]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Torture]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and War]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammads Wives and Concubines]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's White Complexion]]
{{col-float-end}}

==Women==

The Islamic tradition has much to say about women, their characteristics, their relationship to men, their menstrual cycle, and the propriety of men having sexual relations with them.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Muslim Women.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Women|summary=This page provides an overview of what the tradition has to say about women.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Alazl.png|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Al-'Azl|summary=This page provides primary sources from the Islamic tradition on al-'Azl, or coitus interruptus, an important topic for the early Islamic community.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Hijab.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Hijab|summary=This page provides Islamic primary sources on the theory and practice of hijab, the covering a woman's "aura" or private parts from anyone but her husband and family.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Mahr.png|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mahr|summary=This page covers what the Islamic tradition has to say about the [[Mahr (Marital Price)|mahr]], the marital price which must be paid in every Islamic marriage.|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Other articles in this section===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Beauty and Makeup]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Honor Killing]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Rape of Slaves, Prisoners, and Wives]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Violence Against Women]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Wife Beating]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Jihad==

Jihad is holy war in Islam, the "sixth pillar" that was an essential part of the faith of the early movement, and which distinguished it sharply from the religions which preceded it. These pages document what the Islamic tradition has to say on this important doctrine and concept.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Hoseback Jihad 2.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad|summary=ِ This page provides an overview of Islamic primary sources on jihad.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Khalid bin Walid Jihad.jpeg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Defensive Jihad|summary=ِ This page provides Islamic primary sources on the theory and practice of defensive jihad.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Afghan Mujahideen 2.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mujahids|summary=ِ This page details Islamic primary sources concerning mujaahideen, the holy warriors who fight in jihad.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Schoalr on Jihad.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Scholars on Jihad|summary=ِ This page provides quotations from the great schools Sunni jurisprudence on the theory and practice of jihad|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Other articles in this section===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Peaceful Coexistence]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Offensive Jihad]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad (Miscellaneous Texts)]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forced Conversion]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Non-Muslims==
The tradition has much to say about non-Muslims and their relationship to the believers. Time and again, the Qur'an and Sunnah reiterate time and again the "painful torture" and "doom" that await the non-believers, and the inappropriateness of taking them for friends or protectors.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Priest Talking with Ottoman.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Non-Muslims|summary=ِ This page provides an overview of Islamic primary sources on non-believers, both in this world and the hereafter.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=ExMuslim Because.JPG|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Apostasy|summary=ِ All schools of Islamic jurisprudence agree that those who renounce Islam and refuse to return to the faith deserve death, and this page provides the primary sources for this belief.|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Faiths of the Book.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:People of the Book|summary=ِ This page details Islamic primary sources concerning the "[[People of the Book|people of the book]]" that is Christians and Jews.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Muslim Non-Muslim Friends.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Friendship with Non-Muslims|summary=ِ This page provides quotations from the primary sources on friendships and friendly relations between Muslims and non-Muslims.|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Other articles in this section===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Atheists]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Characteristics of Non-Muslims]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
{{col-float-end}}

==Miscellaneous==
The Islamic tradition is truly vast, and these pages contain quotes from Islamic primary sources on various subjects that do not easily fit into any other category.

<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
<div class="articleSummaryColumn">

{{PortalArticle|image=Crimean-slave-trade.png|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Slavery|summary=ِ This page provides various quotations from the Sunnah|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Alkutub Assittah.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Miscellaneous|summary=ِ This page provides various quotations from the Sunnah|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Banu qurayza massacre.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Banu Qurayza|summary=ِ This page provides Islamic primary sources on the story of [[The Massacre of the Banu Qurayza]]|description=}}
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
{{PortalArticle|image=Dhimmitude.jpg|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Dhimma|summary=ِ This page provides primary sources on the [[dhimma]], the compact of second-class citizenship that the ideal Islamic state imposes on its non-Muslims subjects.|description=}}
{{PortalArticle|image=Hadith.png|title=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars: Remarkable and Strange Islamic Traditions|summary=ِ This page provides remarkable traditions from the Sunnah|description=}}

</div>
</div>

===Miscellaneous===
{{col-float|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Alcohol]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad (Miscellaneous Texts)]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Amputation]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Animals]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Cosmology]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Creation]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forbidden Things]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Homosexuality]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Heaven]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Hell]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Health and Hygiene]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Lying and Deception]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Music]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Child Marriage]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Pictures and Images]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Predestination]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mischief]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Punishments]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Race and Tribe]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Sexuality]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Stoning]]
{{col-float-break|width=25em}}
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Toilet Etiquette]]
*[[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Urine]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Witchcraft and the Occult]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Zakat]]
{{col-float-end}}

[[Category:Portals]]