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WikiIslam:Sandbox/72 Vírgenes

2016-01-16T01:50:40Z

Jcaraballo: minor changes, translating some Qur'ans to Corán

{{incompletetranslations|72 Virgins|Spanish}}

<metadesc>Lo que el Corán, hadith y las escuelas islámicas dicen sobre las 72 Vírgenes, e ideas equivocadas alrededor de ellas.</metadesc>

[[Image:72-houris.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Impresión de un artista de las 72 vírgenes. El Corán, hadith y las escuelas islámicas mencionan que a los hombres musulmanes se les recompensará con vírgenes en el Paraíso.]]

Este artículo discute lo que el [[Qur'an|Corán]], [[hadith]] y las escuelas [[Islamic|islámicas]] dicen sobre las 72 [[virgins|vírgenes]], y disipa la confusión popular que le rodea.
==Paraíso Sensual==

En el islam, el concepto de 72 vírgenes (houri) se refiere a un aspecto del Jannah ([[Heaven|Paraíso]]). Este concepto está fundamentado en el texto Coránico que describe un Paraíso sensual donde los hombres creyentes son recompensados siendo casados<ref name="Sura 44 54"></ref> con vírgenes de pechos "completamente desarrollados", "abultados" o "con forma de pera".<ref>Varios traductores como Hilali-Khan ([http://al-quran.info/default.aspx#&&sura=1&trans=en-hilali-khan&show=both,quran-uthmani&format=rows&ver=1.00 Noble Quran, translated by Hilali-Khan]), Arthur John Arberry, Abdul Daryabadi, Umm Muhammad, Edward Henry Palmer, Ahmed Ali, John Medows Rodwell, Ali Ünal, George Sale, Muhammad Sarwar, and Tahir-ul-Qadri ([http://www.quranbrowser.com/ Quran browser], {{Qtt|78|33}}) han traducido {{quran|78|33}} refiriéndose a pechos "completamente desarrollados", "abultados" o "con forma de pera".</ref><ref name="Kathir7833">"''Esto[Qur'an 78:33] significa pechos redondeados. Con esto querían decir que los pechos de estas chicas serán completamente redondeados y no caídos, porque serán vírgenes, iguales en edad .''" - {{cite book |url=http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=78&tid=56825 |author=Ibn Kathir |title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Abridged, Volume 10 Surat At-Tagabun to the end of the Qur'an |pages=333-334}}</ref> A la inversa, las [[Islam and Women|mujeres]] serán proveídas de un solo hombre, y "estarán satisfechas con él".<ref name="Jibreen">{{cite web|quote=Este número es solo para hombres. Una mujer tendrá sólo un marido en el Paraíso, y estará satisfecha con él y no necesitará más que eso. La mujer musulmana - quien no está influenciada por las afirmaciones de aquellos que propagan permisividad y sabe que no es como un hombre en su carácter y naturaleza, porque Alá la ha hecho como es - no objeta los mandatos de Alá o se siente enfadada. Más bien acepta lo que Alá ha decretado para ella. Su naturaleza le dice que no puede vivir con más de un hombre a la vez. Mientras haya entrado en el paraíso, tendrá todo lo que desee, así que no debería protestar ahora sobre las delicias y recompensas que su Señor ha elegido, pues tu Señor no trata a nadie injustamente.|url= http://islamqa.info/en/11419|title= The female martyr and the male martyr’s reward of seventy-two hoor al-‘iyn|publisher= Islam Q&A|author= Shaykh ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Jibreen|date= |series= Fatwa No. 11419|archiveurl= http://archive.is/IN1WL|deadurl=no}}</ref>

Las principales corrientes de eruditos islámicos, por ejemplo [[Gibril Haddad]], han comentado sobre la naturaleza erótica del Paraíso Coránico que algunos hombres pueden necesitar ghusl ([[ablution|ablución]] requerida después de la descarga sexual) solo al escuchar ciertos versos.<ref name="LI June 2003">{{cite web|url=http://mac.abc.se/home/onesr/f/Sex_w.slaves.a.women.html |title=Sex with slaves and women's rights|publisher=Living Islam |author=Shaykh Gibril Haddad |date=June 2, 2003 |quote=El Corán no menciona que para los habitantes del Paraíso -varones y mujeres- {Circularán entre ellos jóvenes criados de eterna juventud} (56:17), {Y circularán entre ellos criados jóvenes de eterna juventud. Viéndoles, se les creería perlas desparramadas.}(76:19). Si esto no hace feliz a una mujer entonces, como el Imam al-Shafi`i dijo al que no se conmovió por la poesía erótica, "No tienes sentimientos." Para los hombres creyentes, como dijo uno de los Awliya, algunos necesitará ghusl solo al escuchar el verso {de turgidos senos, de una misma edad}(78:33). Para los analfabetos de corazón insensible podemos leerlo y leerlo sin efecto alguno. |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://mac.abc.se/home/onesr/f/Sex_w.slaves.a.women.html&date=2011-05-22 |archivedate=2011-05-22 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

Los teólogos musulmanes ortodoxos como al-Ghazali (murió el 1111 dC) y al-Ash'ari (murió el 935 dC) han analizado los placeres sensuales encontrados en el Paraíso, contando el hadith que describe el Paraíso como un mercado de [[Slavery|de esclavos]] donde "no habrá compra ni venta, pero... Si cualquier hombre desea tener relaciones sexuales con una mujer, lo hará a la primera".<ref>"''Ali relató que el Apóstol de Alá dijo, "Hay en el Paraíso un mercado en donde no habrá compra ni venta, si no que consistirá de hombres y mujeres. Cuando un hombre desea una belleza, tendrá relaciones con ella.''" - Al Hadis, Vol. 4, p. 172, No. 34</ref><ref name=" Religious_Sciences3">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4|author=Al Ghazzali|quote= Un hombre preguntó al Profeta: O Profeta de Dios, ¿tendrán los moradores del Paraíso relaciones sexuales? Él dijo: Un morador del Paraíso tendrá quinientas hurs, cuatro mil mujeres solteras y ocho mil mujeres viudas. Cada una seguirá acogiéndole durante toda su vida mundana. También dijo: Habrá en el Paraíso mercados en los que no habrá compra ni venta, si no hombres y mujeres. Si cualquier hombre deseara tener relaciones sexuales con una mujer, lo hará a la primera. Las Hurs cantarán en el Paraíso con divina pureza y rezarán- nosotros somos bellas Hurs y estamos para los honorables maridos.|series=Death and Subsequent Events 430|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03|deadurl=no}}</ref>

Esto es citado por el Tafsir Ibn Kathir en su [[Tafsir|Cometario Coránico]] <ref>[http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/55.51771.html These two gardens are lower, in virtue and in status than the two before them, as supported in the Qur'an]</ref> , y descrito explícitamente por el comentador y erudito del Corán, al-Suyuti (fallecido en 1505), quien, haciéndose eco de un hadith [[hasan]]<ref name="SP 4828"></ref> de Ibn Majah,<ref name="Ibn Majah 39"></ref> escribió que "las vírgenes perpetuas tendrán "vaginas apetecibles", y que lo penes de los Elegidos nunca se ablandan. La [[Priapism - Permanent Erection|erección es eterna]]".<ref name="Al-Suyuti">"''Cada vez que nos acostamos con una Houri la encontramos virgen. Además, el pene de los Elegidos nunca se ablanda. La erección es eterna; la sensación que tienes cada vez que haces el amor es completamente deliciosa y fuera de este mundo y si lo experimentases en este mundo te desmayarías. Cada Elegido se casará con setenta [sic] houris, además de las mujeres con que se casó en la tierra, y todas tendrán vaginas apetecibles.'" - Al-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, p. 351</ref>

Los placeres sexuales entre creyentes y houris en el Paraíso también son confirmados por las dos colecciones [[Sahih]] de hadiths, denominadas Sahih Bukhari<ref name="Bukhari455544">"''Narrado por Abu Huraira: El Apóstol de Alá dijo, "El primer grupo de gente que entrará en el Paraíso, será resplandeciente como la Luna llena...Sus mujeres serán houris..."''" - {{Bukhari|4|55|544}}</ref> y Sahih Muslim, donde leemos que habrá vírgenes tan bellas, puras y transparentes que "el tuétano de los huesos de sus piernas será visto a través de las huesos y la carne",<ref name="Bukhari454476">"''Narrado por Abu Huraira: El Profeta dijo, "El primer lote (de gente) que entre en el Paraíso será (resplandeciente) como la Luna llena, y el segundo lote será (resplandeciente) como la estrella más brillante del cielo. Sus corazones serán como el corazón de un solo hombre, no habrá ni enemistad ni envidia entre ellos; todo el mundo tendrá dos mujeres de entre las houris, (quienes serán tan bellas, puras y transparentes que) el tuétano de los huesos de sus piernas se verá a través de los huesos y la carne''" - {{Bukhari|4|54|476}}</ref> y que "los creyentes las visitarán y disfrutarán".<ref>"'' El Apóstol de Alá (la bencición y paz de Alá sea con él) dijo: "En el Paraíso hay un pabellón hecho de una sola perla hueca de sesenta millas de ancho, en cada esquina de ella hay mujeres que no serán vistas en las otras esquinas; y los creyentes las visitarán y disfrutarán.''" - {{Bukhari|6|60|402}}</ref>

==Descripciones==

Se pueden encontrar varias descripciones relacionadas con las houri en varias referencias islámicas. Algunas incluyen:

'''Atributos Físicos''':

:* Ojos amplios y bellos/encantadores <ref name="Sura37_48"/><ref name="Sura52_20">"''Estarán reclinados en lechos alineados. Y les daremos por esposas a huríes de grandes ojos.''" - {{Quran|52|20}}</ref><ref name="Sura56_22"></ref>
:* Como perlas <ref>"''semejantes a perlas ocultas''" - {{Quran|56|23}}</ref>
:* Sin pelo excepto las cejas y la cabeza <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_5638/>
[[File:78 33-Kawaiba.jpg|thumb|right|Además de las traducciones Coránicas del verso 78:33 especificando que las vírgenes serán [[wiktionary:voluptuous|'''voluptuosas''']]<ref name="Sura78_33"">"''Y mujeres voluptuosas de igual edad;''" - {{Quran|78|33}}</ref>,Sahih International lo traduce como ''"'''de turgidos senos, de una misma edad'''"''. Tafsir al-Jalalayn dice ''"y''' pechugonas''' doncellas (kawā‘ib es el plural de kā‘ib) de igual edad (atrāb es el plural de tirb)"''. Diversos escolares islámicos explican que tendrán ''"'''grandes, redondeados pechos''' que no serán proclives a colgar"''.<ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2></ref> [[Image:Brsts.jpg|167px|right]]]]
:* Bellas<ref name="Bukhari454476"></ref>
:* De piel blanca <ref name=" Religious_Sciences">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4 |author=Al Ghazzali|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
:* con 60 codos [27.5 metros] de altura<ref name="Ibn_Kathir">[http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=56&tid=51961 Ibn Kathir: The Reward of Those on the Right After]</ref><ref name=" Religious_Sciences" />
:* de 7 codos[3.2 metros] de ancho <ref name=" Religious_Sciences" />
:* Transparentes hasta el tuétano de sus huesos <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2/><ref name="Bukhari454476"></ref>
:* Eternamente jóvenes <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_5638>Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, hadith: 5638</ref>
:* Acompañantes de misma edad <ref name="Sura78_33"/><ref name="Muhammad Asad - atrab"> Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an,Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003), Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) Al-Waqiah (That which must come to pass)(56):38, note 15</ref>

'''Atributos Sexuales''':

:* Puras / con el himen intacto por no haber tenido relaciones sexuales<ref name="Sura55_56"/><ref name="Sura55_72_74">"''huríes, retiradas en los pabellones,-¿cuál, pues, de los beneficios de vuestro Señor negaréis?- no tocadas hasta entonces por hombre ni genio.''" - {{Quran-range|55|72|74}}</ref>
:* Vírgenes<ref name="q56_36"></ref>
:* Voluptuosas/de grandes pechos <ref name="Sura78_33"/>
:* Con grandes y redondos pechos que no serán proclives a colgar <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2> Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 2.</ref><ref name="Kathir7833"></ref>
:* Vaginas apetecibles <ref name="Al-Suyuti"></ref>

'''Atributos de su Personalidad''':

:* Castas<ref name="Sura37_48">"''Tendrán a las de recatado mirar, de grandes ojos,''" - {{Quran|37|48}}</ref>
:* Restringiendo sus miradas <ref name="Sura37_48"/><ref name="Sura55_56">"''Estarán en ellos las de recatado mirar, no tocadas hasta entonces por hombre ni genio''" - {{Quran|55|56}}</ref>
:* Mirada modesta <ref name="Muhammad Asad-modest gaze"> Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an,Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003), Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) Sad (38):52</ref>

'''Otros Atributos''':
:* Espléndidas<ref name="Muhammad Asad -Kawa'ib"> Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an, Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003) Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) An-Naba (The Tiding)(78):33, note 16</ref>
:* Puras<ref name="Bukhari454476"></ref>
:* No menstrúan / no orinan/ no defecan y no pueden tener hijos <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2/><ref name=" Religious_Sciences2">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4|author=Al Ghazzali |quote=El Profeta dijo: Si una mujer del Paraíso echara un vistazo sobre este mundo todo contenido en él habría sido iluminado y llenado con su fragancia. Cada pelo de su cabeza es mejor que la Tierra y sus tesoros. Dios dice: Son como Eakut y Marjan. Si sus caras se vieran por una ventana, todo se volvería más claro y los espejos y la joya más pequeña en el interior se iluminaría como el cielo en la tierra. El Profeta dijo: En la noche en la que fui llevado al Paraíso, entré en un lugar llamado Baidakh cuyos campos son de esmeraldas y perlas verdes y Eakut rojo. Preguntaron: O Profeta de Dios, Salam para ti. Pregunté: O Gabriel, cuyo sonido esta ahí? Él dijo: de las mujeres en los campos. Buscan tu permiso para saludarte. Así que dales permiso. Ellas dirán: Estamos satisfechas con eso. Nunca estaremos insatisfechas. Nos quedaremos aquí para siempre, nunca viajaremos. Luego él citó el verso: Las bellas damiselas retenidas en los campos. En otro verso: Mujeres puras. Muzaher explicó esto diciendo que estarán libres de la menstruación, orina, deposiciones, tos e hijos. |series=Death and Subsequent Events 430|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03|deadurl=no}}</ref>
:* Nunca insatisfechas <ref name=" Religious_Sciences2"></ref>
:* Cantarán alabanzas <ref name=" Religious_Sciences3"></ref> 

==Autenticidad==

Mientras que hay numerosas fuentes, incluidas el Corán, que nos dicen que los varones creyentes serán recompensados con vírgenes, muchos que están preocupados sobre el [[Authenticity of 72 Virgins Hadith|concepto de autenticidad de las 72 vírgenes]] están bajo la idea equivocada de que sólo hay una débil referencia ([[List of Fabricated Hadith|da`if]]) al número exacto de houris que se les dan. Estas narraciones se encuentran de hecho en muchas colecciones de hadiths con varios niveles de autenticidad, yendo desde lo hasan (bueno) hasta lo sahih (auténtico).

Por ejemplo, en el Sunan Ibn Majah, uno de las seis mayores colecciones de hadiths, <ref name="VIRH"></ref> se establece en una narración hasan (buena) <ref name="SP 4828"></ref> que a todo hombre admitido en el Paraíso le será dado la erección eterna y casamiento con 72 esposas, todas con órganos sexuales libidinosos.<ref name="Ibn Majah 39">"''Abu Umama narró: "El Mensajero de Dios dijo, 'A todo el mundo que admita Dios en el paraíso será casado con 72 mujeres; dos de ellas son houris y setenta de su herencia de moradoras del infierno. Todas ellas tendrán órganos sexuales libidinosos y él tendrá un pene siempre-erecto.' ''" - Sunan Ibn Majah, Zuhd (Book of Abstinence) 39</ref>...

Similarly in another hadith with multiple narrators that has been graded hasan (good), it states that the martyr ([[shahid]]) will be married to seventy-two of al-hoor al-‘iyn.<ref name="alMiqdaam">''It was reported in the hadeeth of al-Miqdaam ibn Ma’di Karb that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:'' ''“The martyr (shaheed) has seven blessings from Allaah: he is forgiven from the moment his blood is first shed; he will be shown his place in Paradise; he will be spared the trial of the grave; and he will be secure on the Day of the Greatest Terror (the Day of Judgement); there will be placed on his head a crown of dignity, one ruby of which is better than this world and all that is in it; he will be married to seventy-two of al-hoor al-‘iyn; and he will be permitted to intercede for seventy of his relatives.”'' ''According to another report, the martyr has six blessings from Allaah. According to other reports (the number is) six, or nine, or ten'' - Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, who said it is a hasan hadeeth. Also narrated by Ibn Maajah in al-Sunan, by Ahmad, by ‘Abd al-Razzaaq in al-Musannaf, by al-Tabaraani in al-Kabeer, and by Sa’eed ibn Mansoor in al-Sunan</ref><ref name="QA 8511">{{cite web|url=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/islamqa/8511 |title=The six blessings of the martyrs|publisher=Islam Q&A|series= Fatwa No. 8511 |author=Shaykh Waleed al-Firyaan |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/islamqa/8511&date=2011-11-21 |archivedate=2011-11-21 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

In the Sunan al-Tirmidhi, another of the six major Hadith collections,<ref name="VIRH">{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.se/~m9783/n/vih_e.html |title=Various Issues About Hadiths |publisher=Living Islam |author=Shaykh Gibril Haddad|date=April 4, 2003 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.abc.se/~m9783/n/vih_e.html&date=2011-05-22|archivedate=2011-05-22 |deadurl=no}}</ref> it states that the smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode with seventy-two houri.<ref>"''It was mentioned by Daraj Ibn Abi Hatim, that Abu al-Haytham 'Adullah Ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudhri, who heard the Prophet Muhammad PBUH saying, 'The smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode where there are eighty thousand servants and seventy-two houri, over which stands a dome decorated with pearls, aquamarine and ruby, as wide as the distance from al-Jabiyyah to San'a.''" - Al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 4, Ch. 21, No. 2687</ref> Note that this is not a "weak Hadith that has no Sanad (chain of narrators)", as some have claimed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/ |title=Debunking the ‘Suicide for 72 Virgins’ Myth |publisher=TheUglyTruth |author=Nashid Abdul-Khalliq |date=March 4, 2007 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/&date=2012-02-20 |archivedate=2012-02-20 |deadurl=no}}</ref> It has been graded hasan sahih gharib,<ref name="SP 4828">Shaykh Gibril Haddad - [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I How Many Wives Will The Believers Have In Paradise?] - SunniPath, Question ID:4828, July 3, 2005</ref> meaning this hadith is hasan since it has several chains of transmitters, it is sahih as the chains are all authentic and it is gharib in the words that Imam Tirmidhi narrated.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_tirmidhi.htm |title=Imam Tirmidhi (209 - 279 H) |publisher=As-Sunnah Foundation of America |author= |date=February 20, 2012 |quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_tirmidhi.htm&date=2012-02-20 |archivedate=2012-02-20 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

Also reported in Sunan al-Kubra and Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and declared sahih (authentic)<ref name="SP 4828"></ref> by Ibn Abi Shayba, Ibn Hibban, and al-Hakim is the hadith that states the servant in Paradise will be [[Marriage|married]] with seventy wives and that they'll be given the sexual strength for a hundred.<ref name="al Janna">"''Anas said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “The servant in Paradise shall be married with seventy wives.” Someone said, “Messenger of Allah, can he bear it?” He said: “He will be given strength for a hundred.” From Zayd ibn Arqam, Allah be well-pleased with him, when an incredulous Jew or Christian asked the Prophet, upon him blessings and peace, “Are you claiming that a man will eat and drink in Paradise??” He replied: “Yes, by the One in Whose hand is my soul, and each of them will be given the strength of a hundred men in his eating, drinking, coitus, and pleasure.”''" - Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar</ref>

Orthodox Muslim theologians have related further hadith that give us the exact number of 72, such as al-Ghazali who wrote, "[The Prophet said] the lowest rank of an inmate of Paradise will have eighty thousand servants and seventy two wives."<ref name="Religious_Sciences4">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4 |series=The Book of Constructive Virtues 431|author=Al Ghazzali|quote=The Prophet said to a man: 0 servant of God, if you enter Paradise, you will get what you will desire, what your eyes will be pleased with. The Prophet said : If an inmate of Paradise will wish to have a son born to him, he will get it. Its stay in womb, its weaning away from milk and its youth will come to pass at the same time. He also said : The inmantes of Paradise will be beardless and hairless. Their colour will be white and their eyes painted with collyrium. They will be youths of 33 years of age. They will be sixty cubits long and seven cubits broad. He also said : The lowest rank of an inmate of Paradise will have eighty thousand servants and seventy two wives. In short there will be such bliss in Paradise which no eye has seen, no ear has heard and no heart has conceived.|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03|deadurl=no}}</ref>

==¿Vírgenes o pasas?==

This false myth of "white raisins" originated from Christoph Luxenberg, a modern author writing under a pseudonym.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Luxenberg |title=Christoph Luxenberg |publisher=Wikipedia |author= |date=February 19, 2012 |quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Luxenberg&date=2012-02-19|archivedate=2012-02-19 |deadurl=no}}</ref> His anti-Islamic claim,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Syro-Aramaic_Reading_of_the_Koran |title=The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran |publisher=Wikipedia |author= |date=February 19, 2012|quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Syro-Aramaic_Reading_of_the_Koran&date=2012-02-19 |archivedate=2012-02-19 |deadurl=no}}</ref> which has been accused of having a "Christian apologetic agenda",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livius.org/opinion/Luxenberg.htm |title=Missionary, dilettante or visionary? A review of Ch. Luxenberg, Die Syro-Aramäische Lesart des Qur'an |publisher=Livius |author=Richard Kroes |date=February 19, 2012|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.livius.org/opinion/Luxenberg.htm&date=2012-02-19 |archivedate=2012-02-19|deadurl=no}}</ref> is that the Qur'an was drawn from [[Islam and the People of the Book|Christian]] Syro-Aramaic texts in the early 8th century, in order to evangelize the Arabs,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/7025?eng=y|title=The Virgins and the Grapes: the Christian Origins of the Koran |publisher=Chiesa press |author=Sandro Magister |date=March 17, 2004 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/7025?eng=y&date=2012-02-19|archivedate=2012-02-19 |deadurl=no}}</ref> and that the Aramaic word 'hur' (white raisin) had been [[Mistranslated Verses|mistranslated]] by later Arab commentators into the Arabic word 'houri' (virgin).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/03/02/MN128985.DTL |title=Revisionist historians argue Koran has been mistranslated|publisher=New York Times |author=Alexander Stille |date=March 2, 2002 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/03/02/MN128985.DTL&date=2012-02-19 |archivedate=2012-02-19|deadurl=no}}</ref>

The Corán describes the physical characteristics of the houri in many places, and a reading of relevant verses show that Luxenberg's theory regarding heavenly white raisins is in error.

Raisins, which are dried grapes, cannot have large eyes,<ref name="Sura56_22">"''And (there are) fair ones with wide, lovely eyes,-''"- {{Quran|56|22}}</ref> big breasts,<ref name="Sura78_33">"''And voluptuous women of equal age;''" - {{Quran|78|33}}</ref> cannot restrain their glances,<ref name="Sura55_56"></ref> cannot be described as chaste,<ref name="Sura55_56"></ref> or have any of the characteristics listed above. The Corán further states that men will be wed to these houri.<ref name="Sura 44 54">"''Even so (it will be). And We shall wed them unto fair ones with wide, lovely eyes.''" - {{Quran|44|54}}</ref> Men cannot be married to raisins or white grapes.

Additionally, for someone to accept this "72 raisins" theory, they would also have to accept that the Corán was not written by[[Allah]] or revealed to the Prophet [[Muhammad]] in Arabic during the 7th century, but was in fact written by Christian evangelists in Syro-Aramaic during the 8th century.

==Terrorismo==

[[Suicide]] is clearly forbidden in Islam, but the [[The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Martyrdom Operations|permissibility of martyrdom operations]] (Istishhad) is an altogether different topic, with scholars being split on the issue.

Notable scholars and apologists such as Shaykh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, the world's most quoted independent Islamic jurist,<ref name="Faisal">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/aug/28/comment.israelandthepalestinians |title=Bombing for God (Special report: Israel and the Middle East) |publisher=The Guardian |author=Faisal Bodi |date=August 28, 2001|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/aug/28/comment.israelandthepalestinians&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21 |deadurl=no}}</ref> and [[Dr.]] [[Zakir Naik]], known for his advocacy of "[[Islam and Science|Qur'anic science]]", have justified the use of suicide bombing in Islam.<ref>Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi - [http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503545134 Palestinian Women Carrying Out Martyr Operations] - Islam Online, November 6, 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtZxNqxpb8s Is Suicide Bombing allowed in Islam? By Dr. Zakir Naik] (a YouTube video posted by PeaceTVUK on September 20, 2008</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/9627-pakistan-ulema-permits-suicide-attacks |title=Pakistan Ulema Permits Suicide Attacks |publisher=TOLOnews |author=Abdul Haq Omari |date=March 2, 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/9627-pakistan-ulema-permits-suicide-attacks&date=2013-03-05 |archivedate=2013-03-05 |deadurl=no}}</ref> Opinion polls have further shown that an [[Muslim Statistics -Terrorism|extremely large number]] of Muslims from around the world support the practice.<ref name="Faisal"></ref><ref name="JP">Michael Freund - [http://web.archive.org/web/20070210015156/http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467849587&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Right On: The straightforward arithmetic of jihad] - The Jerusalem Post, January 31, 2007</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20040412010339/http://web.mid-day.com/news/world/2004/march/79639.htm|title=65% Pakistanis support Osama, says report |publisher=Mid Day |author=Khalid A-H Ansari |date=March 27, 2004|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://web.archive.org/web/20040412010339/http://web.mid-day.com/news/world/2004/march/79639.htm&date=2012-02-11 |archivedate=2012-02-11 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/international/one_in_eight_uk_muslims_support_terrorist_attacks_1_517610 |title=One in eight UK Muslims 'support terrorist attacks' |publisher=Scotsman.com |author= |date=March 15, 2004 |quote=|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/international/one_in_eight_uk_muslims_support_terrorist_attacks_1_517610&date=2012-02-04|archivedate=2012-02-04 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

The Corán states that all Muslim males, not only martyrs, will be rewarded with virgins.<ref name="q56_36">"''Then We have made them virgins''" - {{Quran|56|36}}</ref> However, the Corán does also mention that those who [[The Meaning of Qatal|fight]] in the way of Allah ([[jihad]]) and get killed will be given a "great reward",<ref name="Sura4 74">"''Let those (believers) Who sell the life of this world for the hereafter fight in the cause of Allah and whoso fights in the cause of Allah, - and is slain or gets victory, We shall bestow on him a great reward.''" - {{Quran|4|74}}</ref> and there are also hasan (good) hadith<ref name="QA 8511"></ref> which refer to 72 virgins as one of the "seven blessings from Allah" to the martyr.<ref name="alMiqdaam"></ref> This has lead to the 72 virgins concept being widely used as a way to entice other Muslims into carrying out "martyrdom operations" for Islam.

This is witnessed in [[Palestinian Authority area|Palestine]], where the actions of a mother who sends her son to die as a martyr is sometimes seen as "marrying him off",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565 |title=The model Palestinian mother sends her son to die as Martyr, thereby marrying him off |publisher=Al-Hayat Al-Jadida |author= |date=January 8, 2012 |quote=|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21|deadurl=no}}</ref> and where the concept is used in Friday sermons and [[music]] [[videos]], both airing on official television.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565 |title=72 wives await the Martyrs for Allah: Six rewards quoted in Hamas TV sermon|publisher=Al-Aqsa TV (Hamas) |author= |date=January 1, 2010 |quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565 |title=Beautiful virgins await Muslim Martyrs in Paradise|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21|deadurl=no}} - Palestinian TV (Fatah), February 7, 2010 (1 min)</ref> It has even been used in the [[United Kingdom]], where, in one event, Muslim teens were told to train with Kalashnikov rifles with the promise that the would receive 72 virgins in paradise if they died as religious martyrs.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2687797.stm British martyrs 'promised 72 virgins'] - BBC News, January 23, 2003</ref>

Contrary to what the Corán, hadith, scholars and Muslims themselves say, a western author named Margaret Nydell in a book that "promotes understanding between modern-day Arabs and Westerners", states that mainstream Muslims regard the belief of 72 virgins in the same way that mainstream Christians regard the belief that after death they will be issued with wings and a harp, and walk on clouds.<ref>{{cite book|title=Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times|author=Margaret Kleffner Nydell|pages=109|year=2006|publisher=Intercultural Press|isbn=1931930252}}</ref>

The Bible (and more specifically [[Jesus]] in the [[Injil|four Gospels]]) does not discuss the issue of wings and a harp being provided for Christians upon their arrival in Heaven. However, both the Corán and Muhammad in the hadith literature do discuss the issue of virgins being provided for Muslim men upon their arrival in Paradise. So the claim made by Margaret Nydell, equating the belief in receiving heavenly virgins to that of believing in receiving heavenly wings and harps, is inaccurate and misleading.

==Conclusión==

El paraíso Coránico is sensual in nature,<ref name="LI June 2003"></ref> promising Muslim men voluptuous<ref name="Sura78_33"/>virgins<ref name="q56_36"/> but does not specify their exact number. This cannot possibly be a mistranslation because raisins do not have large eyes<ref name="Sura56_22"></ref> or cannot be wed to men.<ref name="Sura 44 54"></ref>

The hadith literature compliment the Qur'anic text by specifying the exact number of virgins as 72 and providing us with detailed descriptions of their [[#Descriptions|characteristics]]. These narrations are not weak but vary in strength from good to authentic.<ref name="SP 4828"></ref><ref name="QA 8511"></ref><ref>[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islam.tc%2Fcgi-bin%2Faskimam%2Fask.pl%3Fq%3D7007%26act%3Dview&date=2012-01-09 The number of Hoors (70 or more) in Jannah for a Shaheed or a Jannathi is fixed by which hadeeth, and in which book] - Mufti Ebrahim Desai, Ask-Imam, Question No. 7007, October 29, 2002</ref>

We are also given details on the physical attributes given to men to sustain 72 virgins, namely, [[Priapism - Permanent Erection|ever-erect penises]] that never soften<ref name="Ibn Majah 39"></ref><ref name="Al-Suyuti"></ref> and the sexual strength to satisfy 100.<ref name="al Janna"></ref><ref name="Masabih XLII"></ref><ref name=" Religious_Sciences5">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4|author=Al Ghazzali|quote=Once a Jewish learned man came to the Prophet and asked him : Who will first cross the Bridge? He said : The poor refugees : The Jew asked again : When they will enter paradise, what food will be served to them first? He said : Roasts of the livers of fish. He asked again : What will be their morning lunch? He said : Cows of paradise will be slaughtered for them. He said : What drink will be given to them? He said They will be given drink of Salsabil. The Jew said : You have spoken the truth. Once a Jew asked the Prophet : Do you think that the inmates of paradise will eat and drink? The Prophet said Yes, by One in whose hand there is my life, each one of them will be given food, drink and strength of one hundred man to have sexual intercourse. The Jew asked : Will he have any necessity of passing urine and stools? The Prophet said : In place of urine and stool, perspiration will come out of them like camphor and as a result their stomach will be cleared therefor. |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03 |deadurl=no}}, The Book of Constructive Virtues 429</ref>

Although it does say they will receive a "great reward",<ref name="Sura4 74"></ref> and there are also hasan hadith<ref name="QA 8511"></ref> which refer to 72 virgins as one of the "seven blessings from Allah" to the martyr,<ref name="alMiqdaam"></ref> the Corán does not specify these virgins are a reward for jihadists/martyrs, but rather for any Muslim male who gains admittance to Paradise.<ref name="q56_36"></ref>

==Citas seleccionadas==

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|56|35|38}}|Lo! We have created them a (new) creation, And '''made them virgins, Lovers''', friends, For those on the right hand; }}

{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah, Zuhd (Book of Abstinence) 39|Abu Umama narrated: "The Messenger of God said, 'Everyone that God admits into paradise will be '''married to 72 wives; two of them are houris and seventy of his inheritance of the [female] dwellers of hell'''. All of them will have libidinous sex organs and he will have an '''ever-erect penis'''.' "}}

{{Quote|Al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 4, Ch. 21, No. 2687|It was mentioned by Daraj Ibn Abi Hatim, that Abu al-Haytham 'Adullah Ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudhri, who heard the Prophet Muhammad PBUH saying, 'The smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode where there are eighty thousand servants and '''seventy-two houri''', over which stands a dome decorated with pearls, aquamarine and ruby, as wide as the distance from al-Jabiyyah to San'a.}}

{{Quote|Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, p. 351|Each time we sleep with a Houri we find her virgin. Besides, '''the penis of the Elected never softens. The erection is eternal'''; the sensation that you feel each time you make love is utterly delicious and out of this world and were you to experience it in this world you would faint. Each chosen one [i.e. Muslim] will marry '''seventy''' [sic]'''houris''', besides the women he married on earth, and '''all will have appetizing vaginas'''.}}

{{Quote|Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar|Anas said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “'''The servant in Paradise shall be married with seventy wives'''.” Someone said, “Messenger of Allah, can he bear it?” He said: “He will be given strength for a hundred.” From Zayd ibn Arqam, Allah be well-pleased with him, when an incredulous Jew or Christian asked the Prophet, upon him blessings and peace, “Are you claiming that a man will eat and drink in Paradise??” He replied: “Yes, by the One in Whose hand is my soul, and '''each of them will be given the strength of a hundred men in his eating, drinking, coitus, and pleasure'''.”}}

{{Quote|1=Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Abridged, Volume 10 Surat At-Tagabun to the end of the Qur'an, 333-334|2=This '''[Qur'an 78:33] means round breasts'''. They meant by this that the breasts of these girls will be '''fully rounded and not sagging''', because they will be virgins, equal in age.}}

==Respuestas a apologistas==
# '''''"The Qur'an doesn't talk about 72 virgins, only the hadiths"''''' Even though the Qur'an does not mention the number of virgins, it does say in verse 56:36<ref name="q56_36"/> that Muslim men will be awarded with virgins in Paradise. The Qur'an describes their physical attributes, for example they will have large eyes (56:22) and big breasts (78:33)<ref name="Sura78_33"/> and so on. The actual number of houri is thus a minor issue and 72 is the number of those houris confirmed in multiple hadith. The [[hadiths]] are a[[Qur'an Only Islam - Why it is Not Possible|crucial part of Islam]] and certain Muslims ignore them because sometimes they contain uncomfortable details about Islam. There are many hadiths and Qur'anic verses which talk about various issues of a sexual nature. According to {{Bukhari|1|5|268}} which belongs to the most authentic collection of hadiths, Muhammad himself was given the sexual strength of 30 men and so on.
# '''''"The 72 virgins hadith has been classified as Da'if (weak) or Maudu (fabricated)"''''' This is not true. The hadith from Sunan al-Tirmidhi has been graded hasan sahih gharib (a “fair, sound, single-chained hadith”).<ref name="SP 4828"></ref> Additionally there is not only one "72 virgins" hadith. We have quoted narrations here that have been graded both hasan (good) and sahih (authentic), and there are [[Authenticity of 72 Virgins Hadith|many others]].
# '''''"Obviously this hadith has been made up, is unreliable and/or is a lie"''''' See answers to #1 and 2 above.
# '''''"The Qur'an doesn't talk about the number of virgins being seventy two"''''' See answer to #1 above.
# '''''"It is talking about (white) raisins, not virgins"''''' This is a myth originating from Christoph Luxenberg, a recent author with a pseudonym who has no known qualifications or authority on Islamic issues, and has been shown to be in error for [[#Virgins or Raisins?|various reasons]].
# '''''"Islam prohibits suicide"''''' Yes, hadith do exist that prohibit suicide ([[The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Martyrdom Operations|Suicide ''bombing'']] however is a separate issue) but this has nothing to do with the fact that Islam promises women in Paradise as a reward for the "righteous" (i.e. Muslims).
# '''''"If the seventy two virgins thing was something big in Islam it would be talked about more frequently."''''' Women in Islamic heaven as a reward are talked about frequently in the Qur'an as evidenced by the various places in the Qur'an where their characteristics are talked about. Also if the Qur'an talks about a certain issue only once, it cannot be taken lightly in any way as every word and sentence in the Qur'an is important and holy to Muslims.
# '''''"The houri are for both men and women"''''' The Qur'an explicitly talks about female virgins with large eyes as rewards for men. On the contrary there is not a single "women will get guys as a reward" verse. Some gender neutral verses do exist but they talk about general rewards only (such as "companionship" etc). Also, according to Shaykh ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Jibreen, who was a leading cleric and a member of the Senior Clerics Association, "This number is only for men. A woman will have only one husband in Paradise, and she will be satisfied with him and will not need any more than that."<ref name="Jibreen"></ref>
# '''''"The houri are only servants and not for sexual purposes"''''' If that was true, Qur'an 56:36<ref name="q56_36"/> wouldn't say they are virgins and it wouldn't mention they have big breasts. In addition, while the Qur'an does not explicitly say they're for sexual purposes, [[Qur%27an, Hadith and Scholars:Sexuality#Paradise|other Islamic sources]] mention that. One hadith says "The believer will be given such and such strength in Paradise for sexual intercourse". Other sources state that "the penis of the Elected never softens" and that men in heaven will have the sexual strength of 100 men.<ref name="Masabih XLII">"''The Holy Prophet said: 'The believer will be given such and such strength in Paradise for sexual intercourse. It was questioned: O prophet of Allah! can he do that? He said: "He will be given the strength of one hundred persons.''" - Mishkat al-Masabih Book IV, Chapter XLII, Paradise and Hell, Hadith Number 24</ref><ref name=" Religious_Sciences5"></ref>

{{Core Women}}

==Véase también==

{{Hub4|Virgins|Virgins}}
* [[Numbers of Islam]] ''- other number-related facts about Islam''

{{Translation-links-english|[[72_Huri_-_Bakirə|Azerbaijani]], [[72 Девственици|Bulgarian]], [[72_Pannen|Czech]], [[72 Jungfrauen|German]], [[72 Huri - Bakire|Turkish]], [[Le 72 vergini|Italian]]}}

==Enlaces externos==

; Artículos
* {{external_link|url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/538.htm |title='72 Black Eyed Virgins': A Muslim Debate on the Rewards of Martyrs |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/538.htm&date=2012-02-23|archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
* {{external_link|url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2329/does-the-koran-really-promise-islamic-martyrs-72-virgins|title=Does the Koran really promise Islamic martyrs 72 virgins? |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2329/does-the-koran-really-promise-islamic-martyrs-72-virgins&date=2012-02-23|archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
* {{external_link|url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Responses/Abualrub/allah_brothel.htm |title=Have You Been Invited to Allah’s Brothel? |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Responses/Abualrub/allah_brothel.htm&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
* {{external_link|url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Versions/078.033.html |title=Muslim Mastectomy or The Miracle of Disappearing Breasts |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Versions/078.033.html&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}

;Vídeos
* {{external_link|url=http://weaselzippers.typepad.com/blog/2009/09/video-saudi-cleric-extols-the-virtues-of-allahs-virgins-in-paradise-they-are-white-women-who-are-men.html |title=Saudi Cleric Extols the Virtues of Allah's Virgins in Paradise, "They are White Women who are Menstruation-Free, Free of Feces, Urine, Phlegm" |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://weaselzippers.typepad.com/blog/2009/09/video-saudi-cleric-extols-the-virtues-of-allahs-virgins-in-paradise-they-are-white-women-who-are-men.html&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5pqQIyQfa8 72 wives await the Martyrs for Allah: Six rewards quoted in Hamas TV sermon]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aolf7qrTM1E ABC's Islam Deception--Part One: Raisins or Virgins in Paradise?]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zb326lP5RPg Dark eyed virgins greet Muslim Martyrs in Paradise]

;Enlaces musulmanes:
* {{external_link|url=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/ |title=Debunking the ‘Suicide for 72 Virgins’ Myth |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}} ''(see [[#Responses_to_Apologetics|Response]]section above)''

;Humor
Videos:
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cRmPO07U_M Atheist Comedian 72 Virgins in Heaven] ''(5:32)''
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dxpMTFBg48 Family guy - 72 Virgins] ''(0:25)''
Pictures: [http://jot.amid.com/post/51544807/much-to-their-surprise-the-virgins-awaiting much to their surprise...]

==Referencias==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Español (Spanish)]]
[[ru:72 девственницы]]

WikiIslam:Sandbox/72 Vírgenes

2015-06-27T15:12:24Z

Jcaraballo: /* Descripciones */ minor changes

{{incompletetranslations|72 Virgins|Spanish}}

<metadesc>Lo que el Corán, hadith y las escuelas islámicas dicen sobre las 72 Vírgenes, e ideas equivocadas alrededor de ellas.</metadesc>

[[Image:72-houris.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Impresión de un artista de las 72 vírgenes. El Corán, hadith y las escuelas islámicas mencionan que a los hombres musulmanes se les recompensará con vírgenes en el Paraíso.]]

Este artículo discute lo que el [[Qur'an]], [[hadith]] y las escuelas [[Islamic|islamicas]] dicen sobre las 72 [[virgins|vírgenes]], y disipa la confusión popular que le rodea.
==Paraíso Sensual==

En el islam, el concepto de 72 vírgenes (houri) se refiere a un aspecto del Jannah ([[Heaven|Paraíso]]). Este concepto está fundamentado en el texto Coránico que describe un Paraíso sensual donde los hombres creyentes son recompensados siendo casados<ref name="Sura 44 54"></ref> con vírgenes de pechos "completamente desarrollados", "abultados" o "con forma de pera".<ref>Varios traductores como Hilali-Khan ([http://al-quran.info/default.aspx#&&sura=1&trans=en-hilali-khan&show=both,quran-uthmani&format=rows&ver=1.00 Noble Quran, translated by Hilali-Khan]), Arthur John Arberry, Abdul Daryabadi, Umm Muhammad, Edward Henry Palmer, Ahmed Ali, John Medows Rodwell, Ali Ünal, George Sale, Muhammad Sarwar, and Tahir-ul-Qadri ([http://www.quranbrowser.com/ Quran browser], {{Qtt|78|33}}) han traducido {{quran|78|33}} refiriéndose a pechos "completamente desarrollados", "abultados" o "con forma de pera".</ref><ref name="Kathir7833">"''Esto[Qur'an 78:33] significa pechos redondeados. Con esto querían decir que los pechos de estas chicas serán completamente redondeados y no caídos, porque serán vírgenes, iguales en edad .''" - {{cite book |url=http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=78&tid=56825 |author=Ibn Kathir |title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Abridged, Volume 10 Surat At-Tagabun to the end of the Qur'an |pages=333-334}}</ref> A la inversa, las [[Islam and Women|mujeres]] serán proveídas de un solo hombre, y "estarán satisfechas con él".<ref name="Jibreen">{{cite web|quote=Este número es solo para hombres. Una mujer tendrá sólo un marido en el Paraíso, y estará satisfecha con él y no necesitará más que eso. La mujer musulmana - quien no está influenciada por las afirmaciones de aquellos que propagan permisividad y sabe que no es como un hombre en su carácter y naturaleza, porque Alá la ha hecho como es - no objeta los mandatos de Alá o se siente enfadada. Más bien acepta lo que Alá ha decretado para ella. Su naturaleza le dice que no puede vivir con más de un hombre a la vez. Mientras haya entrado en el paraíso, tendrá todo lo que desee, así que no debería protestar ahora sobre las delicias y recompensas que su Señor ha elegido, pues tu Señor no trata a nadie injustamente.|url= http://islamqa.info/en/11419|title= The female martyr and the male martyr’s reward of seventy-two hoor al-‘iyn|publisher= Islam Q&A|author= Shaykh ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Jibreen|date= |series= Fatwa No. 11419|archiveurl= http://archive.is/IN1WL|deadurl=no}}</ref>

Las principales corrientes de eruditos islámicos, por ejemplo [[Gibril Haddad]], han comentado sobre la naturaleza erótica del Paraíso Coránico que algunos hombres pueden necesitar ghusl ([[ablution|ablución]] requerida después de la descarga sexual) solo al escuchar ciertos versos.<ref name="LI June 2003">{{cite web|url=http://mac.abc.se/home/onesr/f/Sex_w.slaves.a.women.html |title=Sex with slaves and women's rights|publisher=Living Islam |author=Shaykh Gibril Haddad |date=June 2, 2003 |quote=El Corán no menciona que para los habitantes del Paraíso -varones y mujeres- {Circularán entre ellos jóvenes criados de eterna juventud} (56:17), {Y circularán entre ellos criados jóvenes de eterna juventud. Viéndoles, se les creería perlas desparramadas.}(76:19). Si esto no hace feliz a una mujer entonces, como el Imam al-Shafi`i dijo al que no se conmovió por la poesía erótica, "No tienes sentimientos." Para los hombres creyentes, como dijo uno de los Awliya, algunos necesitará ghusl solo al escuchar el verso {de turgidos senos, de una misma edad}(78:33). Para los analfabetos de corazón insensible podemos leerlo y leerlo sin efecto alguno. |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://mac.abc.se/home/onesr/f/Sex_w.slaves.a.women.html&date=2011-05-22 |archivedate=2011-05-22 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

Los teólogos musulmanes ortodoxos como al-Ghazali (murió el 1111 dC) y al-Ash'ari (murió el 935 dC) han analizado los placeres sensuales encontrados en el Paraíso, contando el hadith que describe el Paraíso como un mercado de [[Slavery|de esclavos]] donde "no habrá compra ni venta, pero... Si cualquier hombre desea tener relaciones sexuales con una mujer, lo hará a la primera".<ref>"''Ali relató que el Apóstol de Alá dijo, "Hay en el Paraíso un mercado en donde no habrá compra ni venta, si no que consistirá de hombres y mujeres. Cuando un hombre desea una belleza, tendrá relaciones con ella.''" - Al Hadis, Vol. 4, p. 172, No. 34</ref><ref name=" Religious_Sciences3">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4|author=Al Ghazzali|quote= Un hombre preguntó al Profeta: O Profeta de Dios, ¿tendrán los moradores del Paraíso relaciones sexuales? Él dijo: Un morador del Paraíso tendrá quinientas hurs, cuatro mil mujeres solteras y ocho mil mujeres viudas. Cada una seguirá acogiéndole durante toda su vida mundana. También dijo: Habrá en el Paraíso mercados en los que no habrá compra ni venta, si no hombres y mujeres. Si cualquier hombre deseara tener relaciones sexuales con una mujer, lo hará a la primera. Las Hurs cantarán en el Paraíso con divina pureza y rezarán- nosotros somos bellas Hurs y estamos para los honorables maridos.|series=Death and Subsequent Events 430|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03|deadurl=no}}</ref>

Esto es citado por el Tafsir Ibn Kathir en su [[Tafsir|Cometario Coránico]] <ref>[http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/55.51771.html These two gardens are lower, in virtue and in status than the two before them, as supported in the Qur'an]</ref> , y descrito explícitamente por el comentador y erudito del Corán, al-Suyuti (fallecido en 1505), quien, haciéndose eco de un hadith [[hasan]]<ref name="SP 4828"></ref> de Ibn Majah,<ref name="Ibn Majah 39"></ref> escribió que "las vírgenes perpetuas tendrán "vaginas apetecibles", y que lo penes de los Elegidos nunca se ablandan. La [[Priapism - Permanent Erection|erección es eterna]]".<ref name="Al-Suyuti">"''Cada vez que nos acostamos con una Houri la encontramos virgen. Además, el pene de los Elegidos nunca se ablanda. La erección es eterna; la sensación que tienes cada vez que haces el amor es completamente deliciosa y fuera de este mundo y si lo experimentases en este mundo te desmayarías. Cada Elegido se casará con setenta [sic] houris, además de las mujeres con que se casó en la tierra, y todas tendrán vaginas apetecibles.'" - Al-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, p. 351</ref>

Los placeres sexuales entre creyentes y houris en el Paraíso también son confirmados por las dos colecciones [[Sahih]] de hadiths, denominadas Sahih Bukhari<ref name="Bukhari455544">"''Narrado por Abu Huraira: El Apóstol de Alá dijo, "El primer grupo de gente que entrará en el Paraíso, será resplandeciente como la Luna llena...Sus mujeres serán houris..."''" - {{Bukhari|4|55|544}}</ref> y Sahih Muslim, donde leemos que habrá vírgenes tan bellas, puras y transparentes que "el tuétano de los huesos de sus piernas será visto a través de las huesos y la carne",<ref name="Bukhari454476">"''Narrado por Abu Huraira: El Profeta dijo, "El primer lote (de gente) que entre en el Paraíso será (resplandeciente) como la Luna llena, y el segundo lote será (resplandeciente) como la estrella más brillante del cielo. Sus corazones serán como el corazón de un solo hombre, no habrá ni enemistad ni envidia entre ellos; todo el mundo tendrá dos mujeres de entre las houris, (quienes serán tan bellas, puras y transparentes que) el tuétano de los huesos de sus piernas se verá a través de los huesos y la carne''" - {{Bukhari|4|54|476}}</ref> y que "los creyentes las visitarán y disfrutarán".<ref>"'' El Apóstol de Alá (la bencición y paz de Alá sea con él) dijo: "En el Paraíso hay un pabellón hecho de una sola perla hueca de sesenta millas de ancho, en cada esquina de ella hay mujeres que no serán vistas en las otras esquinas; y los creyentes las visitarán y disfrutarán.''" - {{Bukhari|6|60|402}}</ref>

==Descripciones==

Se pueden encontrar varias descripciones relacionadas con las houri en varias referencias islámicas. Algunas incluyen:

'''Atributos Físicos''':

:* Ojos amplios y bellos/encantadores <ref name="Sura37_48"/><ref name="Sura52_20">"''Estarán reclinados en lechos alineados. Y les daremos por esposas a huríes de grandes ojos.''" - {{Quran|52|20}}</ref><ref name="Sura56_22"></ref>
:* Como perlas <ref>"''semejantes a perlas ocultas''" - {{Quran|56|23}}</ref>
:* Sin pelo excepto las cejas y la cabeza <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_5638/>
[[File:78 33-Kawaiba.jpg|thumb|right|Además de las traducciones Coránicas del verso 78:33 especificando que las vírgenes serán [[wiktionary:voluptuous|'''voluptuosas''']]<ref name="Sura78_33"">"''Y mujeres voluptuosas de igual edad;''" - {{Quran|78|33}}</ref>,Sahih International lo traduce como ''"'''de turgidos senos, de una misma edad'''"''. Tafsir al-Jalalayn dice ''"y''' pechugonas''' doncellas (kawā‘ib es el plural de kā‘ib) de igual edad (atrāb es el plural de tirb)"''. Diversos escolares islámicos explican que tendrán ''"'''grandes, redondeados pechos''' que no serán proclives a colgar"''.<ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2></ref> [[Image:Brsts.jpg|167px|right]]]]
:* Bellas<ref name="Bukhari454476"></ref>
:* De piel blanca <ref name=" Religious_Sciences">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4 |author=Al Ghazzali|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
:* con 60 codos [27.5 metros] de altura<ref name="Ibn_Kathir">[http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=56&tid=51961 Ibn Kathir: The Reward of Those on the Right After]</ref><ref name=" Religious_Sciences" />
:* de 7 codos[3.2 metros] de ancho <ref name=" Religious_Sciences" />
:* Transparentes hasta el tuétano de sus huesos <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2/><ref name="Bukhari454476"></ref>
:* Eternamente jóvenes <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_5638>Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, hadith: 5638</ref>
:* Acompañantes de misma edad <ref name="Sura78_33"/><ref name="Muhammad Asad - atrab"> Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an,Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003), Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) Al-Waqiah (That which must come to pass)(56):38, note 15</ref>

'''Atributos Sexuales''':

:* Puras / con el himen intacto por no haber tenido relaciones sexuales<ref name="Sura55_56"/><ref name="Sura55_72_74">"''huríes, retiradas en los pabellones,-¿cuál, pues, de los beneficios de vuestro Señor negaréis?- no tocadas hasta entonces por hombre ni genio.''" - {{Quran-range|55|72|74}}</ref>
:* Vírgenes<ref name="q56_36"></ref>
:* Voluptuosas/de grandes pechos <ref name="Sura78_33"/>
:* Con grandes y redondos pechos que no serán proclives a colgar <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2> Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 2.</ref><ref name="Kathir7833"></ref>
:* Vaginas apetecibles <ref name="Al-Suyuti"></ref>

'''Atributos de su Personalidad''':

:* Castas<ref name="Sura37_48">"''Tendrán a las de recatado mirar, de grandes ojos,''" - {{Quran|37|48}}</ref>
:* Restringiendo sus miradas <ref name="Sura37_48"/><ref name="Sura55_56">"''Estarán en ellos las de recatado mirar, no tocadas hasta entonces por hombre ni genio''" - {{Quran|55|56}}</ref>
:* Mirada modesta <ref name="Muhammad Asad-modest gaze"> Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an,Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003), Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) Sad (38):52</ref>

'''Otros Atributos''':
:* Espléndidas<ref name="Muhammad Asad -Kawa'ib"> Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an, Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003) Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) An-Naba (The Tiding)(78):33, note 16</ref>
:* Puras<ref name="Bukhari454476"></ref>
:* No menstrúan / no orinan/ no defecan y no pueden tener hijos <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2/><ref name=" Religious_Sciences2">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4|author=Al Ghazzali |quote=El Profeta dijo: Si una mujer del Paraíso echara un vistazo sobre este mundo todo contenido en él habría sido iluminado y llenado con su fragancia. Cada pelo de su cabeza es mejor que la Tierra y sus tesoros. Dios dice: Son como Eakut y Marjan. Si sus caras se vieran por una ventana, todo se volvería más claro y los espejos y la joya más pequeña en el interior se iluminaría como el cielo en la tierra. El Profeta dijo: En la noche en la que fui llevado al Paraíso, entré en un lugar llamado Baidakh cuyos campos son de esmeraldas y perlas verdes y Eakut rojo. Preguntaron: O Profeta de Dios, Salam para ti. Pregunté: O Gabriel, cuyo sonido esta ahí? Él dijo: de las mujeres en los campos. Buscan tu permiso para saludarte. Así que dales permiso. Ellas dirán: Estamos satisfechas con eso. Nunca estaremos insatisfechas. Nos quedaremos aquí para siempre, nunca viajaremos. Luego él citó el verso: Las bellas damiselas retenidas en los campos. En otro verso: Mujeres puras. Muzaher explicó esto diciendo que estarán libres de la menstruación, orina, deposiciones, tos e hijos. |series=Death and Subsequent Events 430|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03|deadurl=no}}</ref>
:* Nunca insatisfechas <ref name=" Religious_Sciences2"></ref>
:* Cantarán alabanzas <ref name=" Religious_Sciences3"></ref> 

==Autenticidad==

Mientras que hay numerosas fuentes, incluidas el Corán, que nos dicen que los varones creyentes serán recompensados con vírgenes, muchos que están preocupados sobre el [[Authenticity of 72 Virgins Hadith|concepto de autenticidad de las 72 vírgenes]] están bajo la idea equivocada de que sólo hay una débil referencia ([[List of Fabricated Hadith|da`if]]) al número exacto de houris que se les dan. Estas narraciones se encuentran de hecho en muchas colecciones de hadiths con varios niveles de autenticidad, yendo desde lo hasan (bueno) hasta lo sahih (auténtico).

Por ejemplo, en el Sunan Ibn Majah, uno de las seis mayores colecciones de hadiths, <ref name="VIRH"></ref> se establece en una narración hasan (buena) <ref name="SP 4828"></ref> que a todo hombre admitido en el Paraíso le será dado la erección eterna y casamiento con 72 esposas, todas con órganos sexuales libidinosos.<ref name="Ibn Majah 39">"''Abu Umama narró: "El Mensajero de Dios dijo, 'A todo el mundo que admita Dios en el paraíso será casado con 72 mujeres; dos de ellas son houris y setenta de su herencia de moradoras del infierno. Todas ellas tendrán órganos sexuales libidinosos y él tendrá un pene siempre-erecto.' ''" - Sunan Ibn Majah, Zuhd (Book of Abstinence) 39</ref>...

Similarly in another hadith with multiple narrators that has been graded hasan (good), it states that the martyr ([[shahid]]) will be married to seventy-two of al-hoor al-‘iyn.<ref name="alMiqdaam">''It was reported in the hadeeth of al-Miqdaam ibn Ma’di Karb that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:'' ''“The martyr (shaheed) has seven blessings from Allaah: he is forgiven from the moment his blood is first shed; he will be shown his place in Paradise; he will be spared the trial of the grave; and he will be secure on the Day of the Greatest Terror (the Day of Judgement); there will be placed on his head a crown of dignity, one ruby of which is better than this world and all that is in it; he will be married to seventy-two of al-hoor al-‘iyn; and he will be permitted to intercede for seventy of his relatives.”'' ''According to another report, the martyr has six blessings from Allaah. According to other reports (the number is) six, or nine, or ten'' - Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, who said it is a hasan hadeeth. Also narrated by Ibn Maajah in al-Sunan, by Ahmad, by ‘Abd al-Razzaaq in al-Musannaf, by al-Tabaraani in al-Kabeer, and by Sa’eed ibn Mansoor in al-Sunan</ref><ref name="QA 8511">{{cite web|url=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/islamqa/8511 |title=The six blessings of the martyrs|publisher=Islam Q&A|series= Fatwa No. 8511 |author=Shaykh Waleed al-Firyaan |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/islamqa/8511&date=2011-11-21 |archivedate=2011-11-21 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

In the Sunan al-Tirmidhi, another of the six major Hadith collections,<ref name="VIRH">{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.se/~m9783/n/vih_e.html |title=Various Issues About Hadiths |publisher=Living Islam |author=Shaykh Gibril Haddad|date=April 4, 2003 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.abc.se/~m9783/n/vih_e.html&date=2011-05-22|archivedate=2011-05-22 |deadurl=no}}</ref> it states that the smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode with seventy-two houri.<ref>"''It was mentioned by Daraj Ibn Abi Hatim, that Abu al-Haytham 'Adullah Ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudhri, who heard the Prophet Muhammad PBUH saying, 'The smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode where there are eighty thousand servants and seventy-two houri, over which stands a dome decorated with pearls, aquamarine and ruby, as wide as the distance from al-Jabiyyah to San'a.''" - Al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 4, Ch. 21, No. 2687</ref> Note that this is not a "weak Hadith that has no Sanad (chain of narrators)", as some have claimed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/ |title=Debunking the ‘Suicide for 72 Virgins’ Myth |publisher=TheUglyTruth |author=Nashid Abdul-Khalliq |date=March 4, 2007 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/&date=2012-02-20 |archivedate=2012-02-20 |deadurl=no}}</ref> It has been graded hasan sahih gharib,<ref name="SP 4828">Shaykh Gibril Haddad - [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I How Many Wives Will The Believers Have In Paradise?] - SunniPath, Question ID:4828, July 3, 2005</ref> meaning this hadith is hasan since it has several chains of transmitters, it is sahih as the chains are all authentic and it is gharib in the words that Imam Tirmidhi narrated.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_tirmidhi.htm |title=Imam Tirmidhi (209 - 279 H) |publisher=As-Sunnah Foundation of America |author= |date=February 20, 2012 |quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_tirmidhi.htm&date=2012-02-20 |archivedate=2012-02-20 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

Also reported in Sunan al-Kubra and Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and declared sahih (authentic)<ref name="SP 4828"></ref> by Ibn Abi Shayba, Ibn Hibban, and al-Hakim is the hadith that states the servant in Paradise will be [[Marriage|married]] with seventy wives and that they'll be given the sexual strength for a hundred.<ref name="al Janna">"''Anas said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “The servant in Paradise shall be married with seventy wives.” Someone said, “Messenger of Allah, can he bear it?” He said: “He will be given strength for a hundred.” From Zayd ibn Arqam, Allah be well-pleased with him, when an incredulous Jew or Christian asked the Prophet, upon him blessings and peace, “Are you claiming that a man will eat and drink in Paradise??” He replied: “Yes, by the One in Whose hand is my soul, and each of them will be given the strength of a hundred men in his eating, drinking, coitus, and pleasure.”''" - Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar</ref>

Orthodox Muslim theologians have related further hadith that give us the exact number of 72, such as al-Ghazali who wrote, "[The Prophet said] the lowest rank of an inmate of Paradise will have eighty thousand servants and seventy two wives."<ref name="Religious_Sciences4">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4 |series=The Book of Constructive Virtues 431|author=Al Ghazzali|quote=The Prophet said to a man: 0 servant of God, if you enter Paradise, you will get what you will desire, what your eyes will be pleased with. The Prophet said : If an inmate of Paradise will wish to have a son born to him, he will get it. Its stay in womb, its weaning away from milk and its youth will come to pass at the same time. He also said : The inmantes of Paradise will be beardless and hairless. Their colour will be white and their eyes painted with collyrium. They will be youths of 33 years of age. They will be sixty cubits long and seven cubits broad. He also said : The lowest rank of an inmate of Paradise will have eighty thousand servants and seventy two wives. In short there will be such bliss in Paradise which no eye has seen, no ear has heard and no heart has conceived.|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03|deadurl=no}}</ref>

==¿Vírgenes o pasas?==

This false myth of "white raisins" originated from Christoph Luxenberg, a modern author writing under a pseudonym.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Luxenberg |title=Christoph Luxenberg |publisher=Wikipedia |author= |date=February 19, 2012 |quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Luxenberg&date=2012-02-19|archivedate=2012-02-19 |deadurl=no}}</ref> His anti-Islamic claim,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Syro-Aramaic_Reading_of_the_Koran |title=The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran |publisher=Wikipedia |author= |date=February 19, 2012|quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Syro-Aramaic_Reading_of_the_Koran&date=2012-02-19 |archivedate=2012-02-19 |deadurl=no}}</ref> which has been accused of having a "Christian apologetic agenda",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livius.org/opinion/Luxenberg.htm |title=Missionary, dilettante or visionary? A review of Ch. Luxenberg, Die Syro-Aramäische Lesart des Qur'an |publisher=Livius |author=Richard Kroes |date=February 19, 2012|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.livius.org/opinion/Luxenberg.htm&date=2012-02-19 |archivedate=2012-02-19|deadurl=no}}</ref> is that the Qur'an was drawn from [[Islam and the People of the Book|Christian]] Syro-Aramaic texts in the early 8th century, in order to evangelize the Arabs,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/7025?eng=y|title=The Virgins and the Grapes: the Christian Origins of the Koran |publisher=Chiesa press |author=Sandro Magister |date=March 17, 2004 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/7025?eng=y&date=2012-02-19|archivedate=2012-02-19 |deadurl=no}}</ref> and that the Aramaic word 'hur' (white raisin) had been [[Mistranslated Verses|mistranslated]] by later Arab commentators into the Arabic word 'houri' (virgin).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/03/02/MN128985.DTL |title=Revisionist historians argue Koran has been mistranslated|publisher=New York Times |author=Alexander Stille |date=March 2, 2002 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/03/02/MN128985.DTL&date=2012-02-19 |archivedate=2012-02-19|deadurl=no}}</ref>

The Qur'an describes the physical characteristics of the houri in many places, and a reading of relevant verses show that Luxenberg's theory regarding heavenly white raisins is in error.

Raisins, which are dried grapes, cannot have large eyes,<ref name="Sura56_22">"''And (there are) fair ones with wide, lovely eyes,-''"- {{Quran|56|22}}</ref> big breasts,<ref name="Sura78_33">"''And voluptuous women of equal age;''" - {{Quran|78|33}}</ref> cannot restrain their glances,<ref name="Sura55_56"></ref> cannot be described as chaste,<ref name="Sura55_56"></ref> or have any of the characteristics listed above. The Qur'an further states that men will be wed to these houri.<ref name="Sura 44 54">"''Even so (it will be). And We shall wed them unto fair ones with wide, lovely eyes.''" - {{Quran|44|54}}</ref> Men cannot be married to raisins or white grapes.

Additionally, for someone to accept this "72 raisins" theory, they would also have to accept that the Qur'an was not written by[[Allah]] or revealed to the Prophet [[Muhammad]] in Arabic during the 7th century, but was in fact written by Christian evangelists in Syro-Aramaic during the 8th century.

==Terrorismo==

[[Suicide]] is clearly forbidden in Islam, but the [[The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Martyrdom Operations|permissibility of martyrdom operations]] (Istishhad) is an altogether different topic, with scholars being split on the issue.

Notable scholars and apologists such as Shaykh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, the world's most quoted independent Islamic jurist,<ref name="Faisal">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/aug/28/comment.israelandthepalestinians |title=Bombing for God (Special report: Israel and the Middle East) |publisher=The Guardian |author=Faisal Bodi |date=August 28, 2001|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/aug/28/comment.israelandthepalestinians&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21 |deadurl=no}}</ref> and [[Dr.]] [[Zakir Naik]], known for his advocacy of "[[Islam and Science|Qur'anic science]]", have justified the use of suicide bombing in Islam.<ref>Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi - [http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503545134 Palestinian Women Carrying Out Martyr Operations] - Islam Online, November 6, 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtZxNqxpb8s Is Suicide Bombing allowed in Islam? By Dr. Zakir Naik] (a YouTube video posted by PeaceTVUK on September 20, 2008</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/9627-pakistan-ulema-permits-suicide-attacks |title=Pakistan Ulema Permits Suicide Attacks |publisher=TOLOnews |author=Abdul Haq Omari |date=March 2, 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/9627-pakistan-ulema-permits-suicide-attacks&date=2013-03-05 |archivedate=2013-03-05 |deadurl=no}}</ref> Opinion polls have further shown that an [[Muslim Statistics -Terrorism|extremely large number]] of Muslims from around the world support the practice.<ref name="Faisal"></ref><ref name="JP">Michael Freund - [http://web.archive.org/web/20070210015156/http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467849587&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Right On: The straightforward arithmetic of jihad] - The Jerusalem Post, January 31, 2007</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20040412010339/http://web.mid-day.com/news/world/2004/march/79639.htm|title=65% Pakistanis support Osama, says report |publisher=Mid Day |author=Khalid A-H Ansari |date=March 27, 2004|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://web.archive.org/web/20040412010339/http://web.mid-day.com/news/world/2004/march/79639.htm&date=2012-02-11 |archivedate=2012-02-11 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/international/one_in_eight_uk_muslims_support_terrorist_attacks_1_517610 |title=One in eight UK Muslims 'support terrorist attacks' |publisher=Scotsman.com |author= |date=March 15, 2004 |quote=|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/international/one_in_eight_uk_muslims_support_terrorist_attacks_1_517610&date=2012-02-04|archivedate=2012-02-04 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

The Qur'an states that all Muslim males, not only martyrs, will be rewarded with virgins.<ref name="q56_36">"''Then We have made them virgins''" - {{Quran|56|36}}</ref> However, the Qur'an does also mention that those who [[The Meaning of Qatal|fight]] in the way of Allah ([[jihad]]) and get killed will be given a "great reward",<ref name="Sura4 74">"''Let those (believers) Who sell the life of this world for the hereafter fight in the cause of Allah and whoso fights in the cause of Allah, - and is slain or gets victory, We shall bestow on him a great reward.''" - {{Quran|4|74}}</ref> and there are also hasan (good) hadith<ref name="QA 8511"></ref> which refer to 72 virgins as one of the "seven blessings from Allah" to the martyr.<ref name="alMiqdaam"></ref> This has lead to the 72 virgins concept being widely used as a way to entice other Muslims into carrying out "martyrdom operations" for Islam.

This is witnessed in [[Palestinian Authority area|Palestine]], where the actions of a mother who sends her son to die as a martyr is sometimes seen as "marrying him off",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565 |title=The model Palestinian mother sends her son to die as Martyr, thereby marrying him off |publisher=Al-Hayat Al-Jadida |author= |date=January 8, 2012 |quote=|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21|deadurl=no}}</ref> and where the concept is used in Friday sermons and [[music]] [[videos]], both airing on official television.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565 |title=72 wives await the Martyrs for Allah: Six rewards quoted in Hamas TV sermon|publisher=Al-Aqsa TV (Hamas) |author= |date=January 1, 2010 |quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565 |title=Beautiful virgins await Muslim Martyrs in Paradise|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21|deadurl=no}} - Palestinian TV (Fatah), February 7, 2010 (1 min)</ref> It has even been used in the [[United Kingdom]], where, in one event, Muslim teens were told to train with Kalashnikov rifles with the promise that the would receive 72 virgins in paradise if they died as religious martyrs.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2687797.stm British martyrs 'promised 72 virgins'] - BBC News, January 23, 2003</ref>

Contrary to what the Qur'an, hadith, scholars and Muslims themselves say, a western author named Margaret Nydell in a book that "promotes understanding between modern-day Arabs and Westerners", states that mainstream Muslims regard the belief of 72 virgins in the same way that mainstream Christians regard the belief that after death they will be issued with wings and a harp, and walk on clouds.<ref>{{cite book|title=Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times|author=Margaret Kleffner Nydell|pages=109|year=2006|publisher=Intercultural Press|isbn=1931930252}}</ref>

The Bible (and more specifically [[Jesus]] in the [[Injil|four Gospels]]) does not discuss the issue of wings and a harp being provided for Christians upon their arrival in Heaven. However, both the Qur'an and Muhammad in the hadith literature do discuss the issue of virgins being provided for Muslim men upon their arrival in Paradise. So the claim made by Margaret Nydell, equating the belief in receiving heavenly virgins to that of believing in receiving heavenly wings and harps, is inaccurate and misleading.

==Conclusión==

The Qur'anic Paradise is sensual in nature,<ref name="LI June 2003"></ref> promising Muslim men voluptuous<ref name="Sura78_33"/>virgins<ref name="q56_36"/> but does not specify their exact number. This cannot possibly be a mistranslation because raisins do not have large eyes<ref name="Sura56_22"></ref> or cannot be wed to men.<ref name="Sura 44 54"></ref>

The hadith literature compliment the Qur'anic text by specifying the exact number of virgins as 72 and providing us with detailed descriptions of their [[#Descriptions|characteristics]]. These narrations are not weak but vary in strength from good to authentic.<ref name="SP 4828"></ref><ref name="QA 8511"></ref><ref>[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islam.tc%2Fcgi-bin%2Faskimam%2Fask.pl%3Fq%3D7007%26act%3Dview&date=2012-01-09 The number of Hoors (70 or more) in Jannah for a Shaheed or a Jannathi is fixed by which hadeeth, and in which book] - Mufti Ebrahim Desai, Ask-Imam, Question No. 7007, October 29, 2002</ref>

We are also given details on the physical attributes given to men to sustain 72 virgins, namely, [[Priapism - Permanent Erection|ever-erect penises]] that never soften<ref name="Ibn Majah 39"></ref><ref name="Al-Suyuti"></ref> and the sexual strength to satisfy 100.<ref name="al Janna"></ref><ref name="Masabih XLII"></ref><ref name=" Religious_Sciences5">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4|author=Al Ghazzali|quote=Once a Jewish learned man came to the Prophet and asked him : Who will first cross the Bridge? He said : The poor refugees : The Jew asked again : When they will enter paradise, what food will be served to them first? He said : Roasts of the livers of fish. He asked again : What will be their morning lunch? He said : Cows of paradise will be slaughtered for them. He said : What drink will be given to them? He said They will be given drink of Salsabil. The Jew said : You have spoken the truth. Once a Jew asked the Prophet : Do you think that the inmates of paradise will eat and drink? The Prophet said Yes, by One in whose hand there is my life, each one of them will be given food, drink and strength of one hundred man to have sexual intercourse. The Jew asked : Will he have any necessity of passing urine and stools? The Prophet said : In place of urine and stool, perspiration will come out of them like camphor and as a result their stomach will be cleared therefor. |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03 |deadurl=no}}, The Book of Constructive Virtues 429</ref>

Although it does say they will receive a "great reward",<ref name="Sura4 74"></ref> and there are also hasan hadith<ref name="QA 8511"></ref> which refer to 72 virgins as one of the "seven blessings from Allah" to the martyr,<ref name="alMiqdaam"></ref> the Qur'an does not specify these virgins are a reward for jihadists/martyrs, but rather for any Muslim male who gains admittance to Paradise.<ref name="q56_36"></ref>

==Citas seleccionadas==

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|56|35|38}}|Lo! We have created them a (new) creation, And '''made them virgins, Lovers''', friends, For those on the right hand; }}

{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah, Zuhd (Book of Abstinence) 39|Abu Umama narrated: "The Messenger of God said, 'Everyone that God admits into paradise will be '''married to 72 wives; two of them are houris and seventy of his inheritance of the [female] dwellers of hell'''. All of them will have libidinous sex organs and he will have an '''ever-erect penis'''.' "}}

{{Quote|Al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 4, Ch. 21, No. 2687|It was mentioned by Daraj Ibn Abi Hatim, that Abu al-Haytham 'Adullah Ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudhri, who heard the Prophet Muhammad PBUH saying, 'The smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode where there are eighty thousand servants and '''seventy-two houri''', over which stands a dome decorated with pearls, aquamarine and ruby, as wide as the distance from al-Jabiyyah to San'a.}}

{{Quote|Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, p. 351|Each time we sleep with a Houri we find her virgin. Besides, '''the penis of the Elected never softens. The erection is eternal'''; the sensation that you feel each time you make love is utterly delicious and out of this world and were you to experience it in this world you would faint. Each chosen one [i.e. Muslim] will marry '''seventy''' [sic]'''houris''', besides the women he married on earth, and '''all will have appetizing vaginas'''.}}

{{Quote|Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar|Anas said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “'''The servant in Paradise shall be married with seventy wives'''.” Someone said, “Messenger of Allah, can he bear it?” He said: “He will be given strength for a hundred.” From Zayd ibn Arqam, Allah be well-pleased with him, when an incredulous Jew or Christian asked the Prophet, upon him blessings and peace, “Are you claiming that a man will eat and drink in Paradise??” He replied: “Yes, by the One in Whose hand is my soul, and '''each of them will be given the strength of a hundred men in his eating, drinking, coitus, and pleasure'''.”}}

{{Quote|1=Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Abridged, Volume 10 Surat At-Tagabun to the end of the Qur'an, 333-334|2=This '''[Qur'an 78:33] means round breasts'''. They meant by this that the breasts of these girls will be '''fully rounded and not sagging''', because they will be virgins, equal in age.}}

==Respuestas a apologistas==
# '''''"The Qur'an doesn't talk about 72 virgins, only the hadiths"''''' Even though the Qur'an does not mention the number of virgins, it does say in verse 56:36<ref name="q56_36"/> that Muslim men will be awarded with virgins in Paradise. The Qur'an describes their physical attributes, for example they will have large eyes (56:22) and big breasts (78:33)<ref name="Sura78_33"/> and so on. The actual number of houri is thus a minor issue and 72 is the number of those houris confirmed in multiple hadith. The [[hadiths]] are a[[Qur'an Only Islam - Why it is Not Possible|crucial part of Islam]] and certain Muslims ignore them because sometimes they contain uncomfortable details about Islam. There are many hadiths and Qur'anic verses which talk about various issues of a sexual nature. According to {{Bukhari|1|5|268}} which belongs to the most authentic collection of hadiths, Muhammad himself was given the sexual strength of 30 men and so on.
# '''''"The 72 virgins hadith has been classified as Da'if (weak) or Maudu (fabricated)"''''' This is not true. The hadith from Sunan al-Tirmidhi has been graded hasan sahih gharib (a “fair, sound, single-chained hadith”).<ref name="SP 4828"></ref> Additionally there is not only one "72 virgins" hadith. We have quoted narrations here that have been graded both hasan (good) and sahih (authentic), and there are [[Authenticity of 72 Virgins Hadith|many others]].
# '''''"Obviously this hadith has been made up, is unreliable and/or is a lie"''''' See answers to #1 and 2 above.
# '''''"The Qur'an doesn't talk about the number of virgins being seventy two"''''' See answer to #1 above.
# '''''"It is talking about (white) raisins, not virgins"''''' This is a myth originating from Christoph Luxenberg, a recent author with a pseudonym who has no known qualifications or authority on Islamic issues, and has been shown to be in error for [[#Virgins or Raisins?|various reasons]].
# '''''"Islam prohibits suicide"''''' Yes, hadith do exist that prohibit suicide ([[The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Martyrdom Operations|Suicide ''bombing'']] however is a separate issue) but this has nothing to do with the fact that Islam promises women in Paradise as a reward for the "righteous" (i.e. Muslims).
# '''''"If the seventy two virgins thing was something big in Islam it would be talked about more frequently."''''' Women in Islamic heaven as a reward are talked about frequently in the Qur'an as evidenced by the various places in the Qur'an where their characteristics are talked about. Also if the Qur'an talks about a certain issue only once, it cannot be taken lightly in any way as every word and sentence in the Qur'an is important and holy to Muslims.
# '''''"The houri are for both men and women"''''' The Qur'an explicitly talks about female virgins with large eyes as rewards for men. On the contrary there is not a single "women will get guys as a reward" verse. Some gender neutral verses do exist but they talk about general rewards only (such as "companionship" etc). Also, according to Shaykh ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Jibreen, who was a leading cleric and a member of the Senior Clerics Association, "This number is only for men. A woman will have only one husband in Paradise, and she will be satisfied with him and will not need any more than that."<ref name="Jibreen"></ref>
# '''''"The houri are only servants and not for sexual purposes"''''' If that was true, Qur'an 56:36<ref name="q56_36"/> wouldn't say they are virgins and it wouldn't mention they have big breasts. In addition, while the Qur'an does not explicitly say they're for sexual purposes, [[Qur%27an, Hadith and Scholars:Sexuality#Paradise|other Islamic sources]] mention that. One hadith says "The believer will be given such and such strength in Paradise for sexual intercourse". Other sources state that "the penis of the Elected never softens" and that men in heaven will have the sexual strength of 100 men.<ref name="Masabih XLII">"''The Holy Prophet said: 'The believer will be given such and such strength in Paradise for sexual intercourse. It was questioned: O prophet of Allah! can he do that? He said: "He will be given the strength of one hundred persons.''" - Mishkat al-Masabih Book IV, Chapter XLII, Paradise and Hell, Hadith Number 24</ref><ref name=" Religious_Sciences5"></ref>

{{Core Women}}

==Véase también==

{{Hub4|Virgins|Virgins}}
* [[Numbers of Islam]] ''- other number-related facts about Islam''

{{Translation-links-english|[[72_Huri_-_Bakirə|Azerbaijani]], [[72 Девственици|Bulgarian]], [[72_Pannen|Czech]], [[72 Jungfrauen|German]], [[72 Huri - Bakire|Turkish]], [[Le 72 vergini|Italian]]}}

==Enlaces externos==

; Artículos
* {{external_link|url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/538.htm |title='72 Black Eyed Virgins': A Muslim Debate on the Rewards of Martyrs |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/538.htm&date=2012-02-23|archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
* {{external_link|url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2329/does-the-koran-really-promise-islamic-martyrs-72-virgins|title=Does the Koran really promise Islamic martyrs 72 virgins? |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2329/does-the-koran-really-promise-islamic-martyrs-72-virgins&date=2012-02-23|archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
* {{external_link|url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Responses/Abualrub/allah_brothel.htm |title=Have You Been Invited to Allah’s Brothel? |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Responses/Abualrub/allah_brothel.htm&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
* {{external_link|url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Versions/078.033.html |title=Muslim Mastectomy or The Miracle of Disappearing Breasts |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Versions/078.033.html&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}

;Vídeos
* {{external_link|url=http://weaselzippers.typepad.com/blog/2009/09/video-saudi-cleric-extols-the-virtues-of-allahs-virgins-in-paradise-they-are-white-women-who-are-men.html |title=Saudi Cleric Extols the Virtues of Allah's Virgins in Paradise, "They are White Women who are Menstruation-Free, Free of Feces, Urine, Phlegm" |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://weaselzippers.typepad.com/blog/2009/09/video-saudi-cleric-extols-the-virtues-of-allahs-virgins-in-paradise-they-are-white-women-who-are-men.html&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5pqQIyQfa8 72 wives await the Martyrs for Allah: Six rewards quoted in Hamas TV sermon]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aolf7qrTM1E ABC's Islam Deception--Part One: Raisins or Virgins in Paradise?]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zb326lP5RPg Dark eyed virgins greet Muslim Martyrs in Paradise]

;Enlaces musulmanes:
* {{external_link|url=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/ |title=Debunking the ‘Suicide for 72 Virgins’ Myth |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}} ''(see [[#Responses_to_Apologetics|Response]]section above)''

;Humor
Videos:
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cRmPO07U_M Atheist Comedian 72 Virgins in Heaven] ''(5:32)''
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dxpMTFBg48 Family guy - 72 Virgins] ''(0:25)''
Pictures: [http://jot.amid.com/post/51544807/much-to-their-surprise-the-virgins-awaiting much to their surprise...]

==Referencias==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Español (Spanish)]]
[[ru:72 девственницы]]

Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Homosexuality

2015-06-20T19:50:15Z

Jcaraballo: Undo revision 112538 by Solara (talk)

{{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}}
==Qur'an==
{{ quote |{{Quran|4|16}} (also see [[#Tafsir_Quran_4_16|Tafsirs]] of this verse below)|'''If two men among you are guilty of lewdness, punish them both'''. If they repent and amend, Leave them alone; for Allah is Oft-returning, Most Merciful.}}

{{ quote |{{Quran|7|80}}|We also (sent) Lut: He said to his people: "'''Do ye commit lewdness such as no people in creation (ever) committed before you? For ye practise your lusts on men in preference to women : ye are indeed a people transgressing beyond bounds'''. And his people gave no answer but this: they said, "Drive them out of your city: these are indeed men who want to be clean and pure!" But we saved him and his family, except his wife: she was of those who legged behind. '''And we rained down on them a shower (of brimstone): Then see what was the end of those who indulged in sin and crime!'''}}

{{ quote |{{Quran|26|165}}| "'''Of all the creatures in the world, will ye approach males''', And leave those whom Allah has created for you to be your mates? '''Nay, ye are a people transgressing (all limits)!'''" They said: "If thou desist not, O Lut! thou wilt assuredly be cast out!" He said: "'''I do detest your doings. O my Lord! deliver me and my family from such things as they do!'''" So We delivered him and his family,- all Except an old woman who lingered behind. Then afterward We destroyed the others. '''We rained down on them a shower (of brimstone): and evil was the shower on those who were admonished (but heeded not)!'''}}

{{ quote |{{Quran|27|54}}|(We also sent) Lut (as a messenger): behold, He said to his people, "'''Do ye do what is shameful though ye see (its iniquity)? Would ye really approach men in your lusts rather than women? Nay, ye are a people (grossly) ignorant!''' But his people gave no other answer but this: they said, "Drive out the followers of Lut from your city: these are indeed men who want to be clean and pure!" Then We saved him and his household save his wife; We destined her to be of those who stayed behind. And '''We rained down on them a shower (of brimstone): and evil was the shower on those who were admonished (but heeded not)!'''}}

{{ quote |{{Quran|29|28}}|And (remember) Lut: behold, he said to his people: "'''Ye do commit lewdness''', such as no people in Creation (ever) committed before you. "'''Do ye indeed approach men''', and cut off the highway?- and practise wickedness (even) in your councils?" But his people gave no answer but this: they said: "Bring us the Wrath of Allah if thou tellest the truth." He said: "O my Lord! help Thou me against people who do mischief!" When Our Messengers came to Abraham with the good news, they said: "'''We are indeed going to destroy the people of this township: for truly they are (addicted to) crime.'''"}}

==Hadith==

===Sahih Bukhari===

{{ quote |{{Bukhari|7|72|774}}|Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: '''The Prophet cursed effeminate men'''; those men who are in the similitude (assume the manners of women) and those women who assume the manners of men, and he said, "'''Turn them out of your houses.'''" The Prophet turned out such-and-such man, and 'Umar turned out such-and-such woman.}}

{{ quote |{{Bukhari|8|82|820}}|Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: '''The Prophet cursed effeminate men''' and those women who assume the similitude (manners) of men. He also said, "'''Turn them out of your houses.'''" He turned out such-and-such person out, and 'Umar turned out such-and-such person.}}

===Abu Dawud===

{{ quote | {{Abudawud|38|4447}} | Narated By Abdullah ibn Abbas : The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: If you find anyone doing as Lot's people did, '''kill the one who does it, and the one to whom it is done'''.}}

{{ quote | {{Abudawud|38|4448}} | Narated By Abdullah ibn Abbas : If a man who is not married is seized committing sodomy, '''he will be stoned to death'''.}}

{{ quote | {{Abudawud|31|4007}} | Narrated AbuSa'id al-Khudri:

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: '''A man should not look at the private parts of another man, and a woman should not look at the private parts of another woman'''. A man should not lie with another man without wearing lower garment under one cover; and a woman should not be lie with another woman without wearing lower garment under one cover. }}

{{ quote | {{Abudawud|31|4008}} | Narrated AbuHurayrah:

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: '''A man should not lie with another man and a woman should not lie with another woman''' without covering their private parts except a child or a father. He also mentioned a third thing which I forgot.}}

{{ quote | {{Abudawud|11|2169}} |AbuDawud said: From here I remembered this tradition from Mu'ammil and Musa: '''Beware! No man should lie with another man, no woman should lie with another woman''' except with one's child or father. He also mentioned a third which I have forgotten...}}

{{Quote|{{Abudawud|32|4087}}|Narrated AbuHurayrah:

The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) '''cursed the man who dressed like a woman and the woman who dressed like a man'''.}}

{{Quote|{{Abudawud|32|4088}}|Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin:

Ibn AbuMulaykah told that when someone remarked to Aisha that a woman was wearing sandals, she replied: '''The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) cursed mannish women'''.}}

===Al Tirmidhi===

{{ quote | Tirmidhi 1:152 |Whoever is found conducting himself in the manner of the people of Lot, '''kill the doer and the receiver'''. }}

{{ quote | Tirmidhi 1457|It was narrated by Jaabir (may Allah be pleased with him): "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: ''''There is nothing I fear for my ummah more than the deed of the people of Loot.''''"}}

===Ibn Majah===

{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah|9|3|9|1903}}|It was narrated from Abu Hurairah:

that '''the Messenger of Allah cursed women who imitate men and men who imitate women'''. (Sahih)}}

{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah|9|3|9|1904}}|It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas:

that '''the Prophet cursed men who imitate women and woman who imitate men'''. (Sahih)}}

{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah|20|3|20|2561}}|It was narrated from Ibn`Abbas that the Messenger of Allah said: “Whoever you find doing the action of the people of Lut, '''kill the one who does it, and the one to whom it is done'''.” (Hasan)}}

{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah|20|3|20|2562}}|It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet said concerning those who do the action of the people of Lut: “'''Stone the upper and the lower, stone them both'''.” (Hasan)}}

===Al Muwatta===

{{Quote|{{Muwatta|41|41|1|11}}|Malik related to me that he asked Ibn Shihab about someone who committed sodomy. Ibn Shihab said, "'''He is to be stoned''', whether or not he is muhsan."}}

===Miscellaneous===

{{Quote|Narrated by Ahmad, 1878: Classed as saheeh by Shaykh al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Jaami’, no. 5891|It was narrated that Ibn Abbaas said: “The Prophet Muhammed (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "... cursed is the one who has intercourse with an animal, '''cursed is the one who does the action of the people of Loot'''."}}

{{Quote|Mishkat, vol. 1, p. 765, Prescribed Punishments|Ibn Abbas and Abu Huraira reported God's messenger as saying, 'Accursed is he who does what Lot's people did.' In a version...on the authority of Ibn Abbas it says that Ali [Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law] '''had two people “burned”''' and that Abu Bakr [Muhammad's chief companion] '''had a wall thrown down on them'''.}}

==Scholars==

===Classical===

{{anchor|Tafsir_Quran_4_16}}
====Al Jalalayn====

{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url= http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=4&tAyahNo=16&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title= Surah 4 Ayah 16|publisher= Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought|author= Feras Hamza (trans.)|series= Tafsir al-Jalalayn|date= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.altafsir.com%2FTafasir.asp%3FtMadhNo%3D0%26tTafsirNo%3D74%26tSoraNo%3D4%26tAyahNo%3D16%26tDisplay%3Dyes%26UserProfile%3D0%26LanguageId%3D2&date=2014-05-29 |deadurl=no}}|And when '''two of you''' (read wa’lladhāni or wa’lladhānni) '''men''', commit it, that is, a lewd act, adultery or homosexual intercourse, punish them both, with insults and beatings with sandals; but if they repent, of this [lewd act], and make amends, through [good] action, then leave them be, and do not harm them. God ever turns [relenting], to those who repent, and is Merciful, to them. This [verse] is abrogated by the prescribed punishment if adultery is meant [by the lewd act], and similarly if homosexual intercourse is meant, according to al-Shāfi‘ī; but according to him, the person who is the object of the [penetrative] act is not stoned, even if he be married; rather, he is flogged and banished. Judging by the dual person pronoun, it seems more obvious that '''homosexual fornication is meant [by this verse]''', even though the former [sc. al-Shāfi‘ī] was of the opinion that it referred to an adulterer and an adulteress; but this [opinion of his] may be countered by the fact that [the reference to] the two [men] becomes clear on account of the particle min being attached to a masculine pronoun [minkum, ‘of you’], and by the fact that they suffer the same punishment, [both effect the action of] repentance and [are both granted] that they be left alone [thereafter], '''[all of] which applies specifically to men''', given that for women detention is stipulated, as was stated before.}}

====Ibn Kathir====

{{ quote |{{cite web quotebox|url= http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=698&Itemid=59|title= The Adulteress is Confined in her House; A Command Later Abrogated|publisher=Tafsir Ibn Kathir|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qtafsir.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D698%26Itemid%3D59&date=2014-05-29|deadurl=no}}|[وَاللَّذَانَ يَأْتِيَـنِهَا مِنكُمْ فَـَاذُوهُمَا]

(And the two persons among you who commit illegal sexual intercourse, punish them both. [Qur'an 4:16]) Ibn `Abbas and Sa`id bin Jubayr said that this punishment includes cursing, shaming them and beating them with sandals. This was the ruling until '''Allah abrogated it with flogging or stoning,''' as we stated. Mujahid said, "It was revealed about the case of two men who do it." As if he was referring to the actions of the people of Lut, and Allah knows best. The collectors of Sunan recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah said,

«مَنْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ يَعْمَلُ عَمَلَ قَوْمِ لُوطٍ، فَاقْتُلُوا الْفَاعِلَ وَالْمَفْعُولَ بِه»

('''Whoever you catch committing the act of the people of Lut (homosexuality), then kill both parties to the act.''')}}

{{ quote | 1=[http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=7&tid=18236 The Story of Prophet Lut, upon Him be Peace, and His People] Tafsir 'Ibn Kathir|2=[أَتَأْتُونَ الْفَـحِشَةَ مَا سَبَقَكُمْ بِهَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِّن الْعَـلَمِينَ]

إِنَّكُمْ لَتَأْتُونَ الرّجَالَ شَهْوَةً مّن دُونِ النّسَآء]

("Do you commit lewdness such as none preceding you has committed in all of the nations Verily, you practice your lusts on men instead of women.") meaning, you left women whom Allah created for you and instead had sex with men Indeed, '''this behavior is evil and ignorant because you have placed things in their improper places.''' }}

====Ibn Al Qayyim====

{{Quote|Ibn al-Qayyim: Ad-Dā'i wa Dawā, p. 115|Both of them – fornication and homosexuality – involve immorality that goes against the wisdom of Allaah’s creation and commandment. '''For homosexuality involves innumerable evil and harms, and the one to whom it is done would be better off being killed than having this done to him, because after that he will become so evil and so corrupt that there can be no hope of his being reformed, and all good is lost for him, and he will no longer feel any shame before Allaah or before His creation.''' The semen of the one who did that to him will act as a poison on his body and soul. The scholars differed as to whether the one to whom it is done will ever enter Paradise. There are two opinions which I heard Shaykh al-Islam (may Allaah have mercy on him) narrate.” }}

===Modern===

====Al Munajjid====

{{Quote|[http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/38622/Stoning The punishment for homosexuality] Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 38622|'''The crime of homosexuality is one of the greatest of crimes, the worst of sins and the most abhorrent of deeds''', and Allaah punished those who did it in a way that He did not punish other nations. It is indicative of violation of the fitrah, total misguidance, weak intellect and lack of religious commitment, and it is a sign of doom and deprivation of the mercy of Allaah. We ask Allaah to keep us safe and sound. }}

{{Quote|[http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/10050 Why does Islam forbid lesbianism and homosexuality?] Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid, Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 10050|'''The spread of homosexuality has caused man diseases which neither the east nor the west can deny exist because of them'''. Even if the only result of this perversion was AIDS – which attacks the immune system in humans – that would be enough.}}

{{Quote|[http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/5177/Stoning Can those who have committed homosexual acts be forgiven, and is it permissible for such a person to get married?] Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid, Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 5177|Praise be to Allaah.

'''Undoubtedly the sin of homosexuality is one of the worst sins; indeed, it is one of the major sins (kabaa’ir) that Allaah has forbidden'''. Allaah destroyed the people of Loot (peace be upon him) with the most terrifying kinds of punishment because they persisted in their sin and made this evil action commonplace and acceptable among themselves. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): ''[Quotes {{Quran|11|82-83}}, {{Quran|11|83}}, and {{Quran|54|37}}]''

[...]

Imaam Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:

It was reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Kill the one who does it and the one to whom it is done.” (Reported by the four authors of Sunan. Its isnaad is saheeh. At-Tirmidhi said it is a hasan hadeeth).

Abu Bakr al-Siddeeq judged in accordance with this, and he wrote instructions to this effect to Khaalid, after consulting with the Sahaabah. ‘Ali was the strictest of them with regard to that. Ibn al-Qasaar and our shaykh said: the Sahaabah agreed that [the person who does homosexual acts] should be killed, but they differed as to how he should be killed. Abu Bakr al-Siddeeq said that he should be thrown down from a cliff. ‘Ali (may Allaah be pleased with him) said that a wall should be made to collapse on him. Ibn ‘Abbaas said, they should be killed by stoning. This shows that there was consensus among them that [the person who does homosexual acts] should be killed, but they differed as to how he should be executed. This is similar to the ruling of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) concerning the person who has intercourse with a woman who is his mahram [incest], because in both cases intercourse is not permitted under any circumstances. Hence the connection was made in the hadeeth of Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) who reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “Whoever you find doing the deed of the people of Loot, kill them.” And it was also reported that he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever has intercourse with a woman who is his mahram, kill him.” And according to another hadeeth with the same isnaad, “Whoever has intercourse with an animal, kill him and kill the animal with him.” (Narrated by Ahmad, 2420; Abu Dawood, 4464; al-Tirmidhi, 1454; al-Haakim, 4/355).

This ruling is in accordance with the ruling of sharee’ah, because the worse the haraam action is, the more severe the punishment for it. Having intercourse in a manner that is not permissible under any circumstances is worse than having intercourse in a manner which may be permitted in some circumstances, so its punishment is more severe. This was stated by Ahmad in one of the two reports narrated from him. (Zaad al-Ma’aad, part 5, p. 40-41).

'''The same applies to the sin of lesbianism. There is no doubt among the fuqahaa’ that lesbianism is haraam and is a major sin''', as stated by al-Haafiz Ibn Hajar (may Allaah have mercy on him). (Al-Mawsoo’ah al-Fiqhiyyah, part 24, p. 251).

With regard to the specific type of punishment mentioned in the question – stoning to death – this kind of punishment is for the adulterer who is married. '''The shar’i punishment for the crime of homosexuality is execution – by the sword''', according to the most correct view – as was narrated in the discussion above about the differences among the scholars as to how this execution should be carried out. As far as lesbianism is concerned, there is no hadd for it, but it is subject to ta’zeer [unspecified punishment to be determined at the discretion of the qaadi]. (al-Mawsoo’ah al-Fiqhiyyah, part 24, p. 253).}}

====Bakrin====

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/eyes-of-islam/33537-homosexuality-the-islamic-viewpoint|2=2012-01-06}} Homosexuality: The Islamic viewpoint] Imam Sirajudeen Bakrin, Nigerian Tribune, December 30, 2011|2='''Homosexuality is one of the worst crimes against creation, nature, religion and human existence'''. Its implications on the individuals and the society at large are manifold. Dr Muhammed, in his book entitled “Islam and Medicine” lists these implications to include:

(1) Aversion for women. Those who practise homosexuality usually don’t have desire for women. This negates one of the essence of marriage, procreation, which can only occur through cohabitation between men and women. Where individuals are compelled to have same sex wives or husbands, such people are deprived of love, mercy and tranquillity, which are the targets of marriage.

(2) Negative impacts on the nerves. This habit is injurious to the soul as it impacts negatively on the soul. This results into attack of psychological reflex in the character of the individual. He thinks that he ought not to have been created as a male. That is why you see gays dressing like women, especially those who occupy the portion of ‘wives’ in this animalistic tendency.

(3) '''Negative impacts on the brain. It causes great disorder in the equilibrium level of human intellect. His perception of issue is thus affected. There is a strong relationship between homosexuality and the proper function of the brain'''.}}

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/eyes-of-islam/33905-homosexuality-the-islamic-viewpoint-2|2=2012-01-06}} Homosexuality: The Islamic viewpoint (2)] Imam Sirajudeen Bakrin, Nigerian Tribune, December 30, 2011|2=... '''fight against homosexual act is not only religious, it is a natural obligation on lovers of human dignity and human rights activists'''.

A look at the nature of man exposes him as being disposed to varying indications. Some of these indication are good, while others are evil, bad and injurious to human existence. Therefore, there is the need for a restriction to human defiance which can result from bad inclination as it affects the society negatively.

Allah has narrated to us the story of Prophet Lut and his people and the punishment meted to them when they first came with this evil act. The Quran says. “And remember Lut, when he said to his people.

‘Do you commit the worst sin such as none preceding you has committed in the Alamin (mankind and .....) Verily, you practise your lusts on man instead of women. Nay, but you are a people transgressing beyond bounds by committing great sins. And the answer of his people was only that they said ‘Drive them out of your town, these are indeed men who want to be pure from sins. Then, we saved him and his family except his wife, she was of those who remained behind in the torment. And we rained down on them a rain of stones. Then see what was the end of the Mujrimun (sinners)” (Suratul A’raf: 80-84).

In suratul Hud, Allah says: “So when our commandment came, we turned the towns of Sodom upside down and rained on them stones of baked day piled up. Marked from your lord and they are not ever far from the Zalimun (evil doers)” (Hud: 82-83).

From the aforementioned verses of the Quran, it is obvious that Allah destroyed the first set of people to embark on this act by turning their towns upside down while they were thereafter pelted with stones.

'''Since this act is one of the most criminal acts in Islam, equally its punishment is one of the greatest. All Muslim scholars agreed that death is the basic judgement such individuals deserve. This is in line with the saying of Prophet Muhammad''' as reported by Ibn Abbas: “If anyone is caught committing the act of the people of Lut, kill both the committer and the person with whom the act is committed” (Abu Dawud).

However, there is a divergence of opinions on the methodology to be used in executing the punishment. '''While some scholars such as Abu bakr [the first Rightly-Guided Caliph] and Ali [Muhammad's son-in-law and the fourth Rightly-Guided Caliph ] were of the view that such a person should be beheaded and set on fire thereafter, Umar [the second Rightly-Guided Caliph] and Uthman [the third Rightly-Guided Caliph] thought the wall should be fell on him. To Ibn Abbas [Muhammad's cousin], he should be taken to the tallest building in the town, thrown upside down while some men stand on the ground waiting to meet him with stone in replication of the destruction done to the people of Lut by Allah'''.}}

====IslamOnline====

{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url= http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503545556|title= Death Fall as Punishment for Homosexuality|publisher= IslamOnline|author= |date= July 22, 2002|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20091103195314%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamonline.net%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fpagename%3DIslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar%2FFatwaE%2FFatwaE%26cid%3D1119503545556&date=2014-10-28|deadurl=yes}}|
'''Question (Ahmad - United Kingdom)'''

Respected scholars of Islam, As-Salamu `Alaykum wa Rahamtu Allah wa Barakatuh. I have read in a newspaper that an Iranian man who was convicted of raping and killing his 16-year-old nephew is to be executed by being thrown off a cliff in sack; and if the man survives the fall down a rocky precipice, he will be hanged. What is your comment on this issue?

'''Answer'''

Dear brother in Islam, we do really appreciate your question, which shows how far you are interested in getting yourself well-aquatinted with Islam and its teachings. May Allah bless your efforts in the pursuit of knowledge!

First of all, it should be clear that this man committed two heinous crimes: 1) homosexuality, and 2) murder. Each crime is sufficient to warrant death penalty. In addition, this man has severed ties of kinship by seducing and killing his nephew.

The Glorious Qur’an is explicit in deciding the ''Hadd'' (legal penalty) for the crime of murder, when saying: '''“O ye who believe! the law of equality is prescribed to you in cases of murder: …”''' (Al-Baqarah: 178)

Homosexuality, moreover, is an abomination and a grave sin. In Hadith, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, clarifies the gravity of this abomination by saying: '''“Allah curses the one who does the actions (homosexual practices) of the people of Lut”''' repeating it three times; and he said in another Hadith: '''“If a man comes upon a man then they are both adulterers.”''' Here, he considered homosexuality tantamount to adultery in relation to the Shari’ah punishments because it is an abomination on the one hand and the definition of adultery applies to it on the other hand.

However, death fall is not the sole penalty agreed upon by the Muslim Jurists as a punishment for this crime. The punishment here is controversial due to divergence of views among `Ulama in deducting ruling as regards this case from Shari`ah sources.

Focusing more on the question in point, the eminent Muslim scholar, ''Sheikh `Abdel Khaliq Hasan Ash-Shareef'', states:

“As regards this case (if genuine), this man committed two heinous crimes, which deserve severe punishment. He is a murderer and homosexual. Besides, he severed ties of kinship by doing such grave sins.

Death penalty (''Qisas'') is well established by the Qur’an in more than one verse. Allah, Most High, says: '''“O ye who believe! the law of equality is prescribed to you in cases of murder: …”''' (Al-Baqarah: 178)

As to the issue of how the homosexual person is judged in an Islamic State, the Companions of Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessing be upon him differed among themselves on this issue, and this led to different views maintained by Muslim Jurists. For example, in the Hanafi school of thought, the homosexual is punished through harsh beating, and if he/she repeats the act, death penalty is to be applied. As for the Shafi`i school of thought, the homosexual receives the same punishment of adultery (if he/she is married) or fornication (if not married). This means, that if the homosexual is married, he/she is stoned to death, while if single, he/she is whipped 100 times. Hence, the Shafi`i compares the punishment applied in the case of homosexuality with that of adultery and fornication, while the Hanafi differentiates between the two acts because in homosexuality, the anus (a place of impurity) may also be involved while in adultery (and fornication), the penis/vagina (which are reproductive parts) are involved. Some scholars hold the opinion that the homosexual should be thrown from a high building as a punishment for his crime, but other scholars maintain that he should be imprisoned until death.

Based on the above fact, we can conclude that, the judge is invested with full discretion as to whether this man is to be thrown from a high place or not, as a punishment for his crime. However, if the man survives death fall, the judge has the right to sentence him to death.”

Shedding more light on the legal penalty for homosexuality, Dr. ''Taha Jaber Al-`Alwani'', President of the Graduate School of Islamic and Social Sciences and President of the Fiqh Council, states:

“The scholars of this Ummah are in agreement - based on what has been revealed in the Qur’an and what has been authenticated in the Prophetic Tradition (Sunnah)- on prohibiting both behaviors (gayness and lesbianism) because in each of two actions there is an assault on the humanity of a person, destruction of the family and a clash with aims of the Lawgiver, one of which is the establishment of sexual instincts between males and females so as to encourage the institution of marriage.

Islam does not view sexual desire as the main aim of marriage; for marriage is a means to acquire tranquility and to actualize the love and mercy between spouses. Furthermore, it is a means for the survival of human kind and fostering a web of sound relations that aid in building sound families that constitute the smallest units for the society at large; this healthy society being the final aim of Islam.

Actually, humans are not animals controlled by their sexual instincts, answering the call of sexual desires every time it is aroused in them. Rather, it is their responsibility to know how they can orient this craving, which is a trust Allah has implemented in them, both male and female, in addition to the will and power to choose, a blessing Allah has bestowed on humans; all this is what distinguishes them from the rest of the creatures in that they orient their conduct and do what is good.

So, viewing (material) desires as aims in themselves is a deviation from one’s natural disposition and a departure from the natural order. If the trend in the West is to legalize this conduct, it should be noted that such things did not materialize until after religious values had been diluted and had been changed to relative values that glorify individuality and make pleasures as an end and aim.

In Hadith, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, clarifies the gravity of this abomination by saying: '''“Allah curses the one who does the actions of the people of Lut”''' repeating it three times; and he said in another Hadith: '''“If a man comes upon a man then they are both adulterers.”''' Here, he considered homosexuality tantamount to adultery in relation to the Shari’ah punishments because it is an abomination on the one hand and the definition of adultery applies to it on the other hand. It has also been narrated from the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) that this crime deserves severe punishment more than that of adultery to insure its deterrence and restraint. Verily, the punishment here is the burning of both homosexuals (the actor and acted upon) or stoning them with rocks till death because Allah Most High stoned the people of Lut after demolishing their village.
As for lesbians, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said about them: '''"If a woman comes upon a woman, they are both Adulteresses”'''. The scholars mentioned that it is incumbent on the authority to enact a reprimand on lesbians that is fitting to the crime committed.

It is true that some of the scholars disagreed with these punishments not because of doubt that these actions constitute a crime, but because of a lack of divine textual stipulation for a worldly punishment. But the actions of the Prophet’s Companions do indicate that in fact this crime has a worldly punishment, to be carried out by those in authority among the Muslims. The story of Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq when Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed wrote to him on this matter is famous and can be referenced in many sources.

[The story referred to above goes as follows:

"In his book ''Fat-h al-Qadir'', the famous Hanafi scholar, Ibn al-Humam states:

“Al-Bayhaqi reported in his book ''Shu`ab al-Iman'' on the authority of Abu ad-Dunya that Abd al-`Aziz ibn Abi Hazim related from Dawud ibn Bakr who related from Muhammad ibn al-Mukadir the following:

“Khalid Ibn al-Walid wrote to Abu Bakr [seeking the legal ruling] concerning a man with whom another man had sexual intercourse. Thereupon, Abu Bakr gathered the Companions of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and sought their opinion. `Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, was the strictest of all, saying, 'Only one nation disobeyed Allah by committing such sin and you know how Allah dealt with them. I see that we should burn the man with fire.’ The Companions unanimously agreed on this.” This incident is also mentioned by al-Waqidi under the subject of apostasy at the end of the section on the apostasy of Bani Salim.]” }}

==Related Issues==

Anal sex is strictly forbidden, even between heterosexual married couples.

{{Quote| {{Abudawud|11|2157}}|Narrated AbuHurayrah:

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: '''He who has intercourse with his wife through her anus is accursed'''.}}

{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah|9|3|9|1924}}|It was narrated from Khuzaimah bin Thabit:

that the Messenger of Allah said: “Allah is not too shy to tell the truth,” three times. ” '''Do not have intercourse with women in their buttocks'''.” (Sahih)}}

{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah|9|3|9|1923}}|It was narrated from Abu Hurairah:

that the Prophet said: “Allah will not look at '''a man who has intercourse with his wife in her buttocks'''.” (Sahih)}}

{{Quote|Musnad Ahmed Vol. 1, P. 86|The Holy Prophet said, “Anyone who goes to a soothe sayer and believes in him '''or enters a women in the anus has rejected faith''' in what was revealed unto Muhammad.”<ref>Referenced by Shaikh Abdullah Faisal in "100 Fabricated Hadiths" Pg. 85, as sahih.</ref>}}

{{Quote|Ahmad, 5/213|Khuzaymah Ibn Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah is not too shy to tell you the truth: '''Do not have sex with your wives in the anus'''."<ref>[http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503543832 Fatwa: Islamic Ruling on Anal Sex] - IslamOnline, February 22, 2010</ref>}}

{{Quote|[http://web.archive.org/web/20020422171727/www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/NHMK_RT/Default.htm Reliance of the Traveller: A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law] Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri, Edited and Translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller|'''SODOMIZING ONE'S WIFE'''

'''p75.20''' The Prophet (Allah Bless him and give him peace) said,
"He who sodomizes a woman is accursed."}}

{{Core Homosexuality}}

==See Also==

{{Hub4|Non-Muslims (Primary Sources)|Non-Muslims (Primary Sources)}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:QHS]]
[[Category:Islam and Homosexuality]]

WikiIslam:Sandbox/72 Vírgenes

2015-06-20T16:12:48Z

Jcaraballo: translating headings

{{incompletetranslations|72 Virgins|Spanish}}

<metadesc>Lo que el Corán, hadith y las escuelas islámicas dicen sobre las 72 Vírgenes, e ideas equivocadas alrededor de ellas.</metadesc>

[[Image:72-houris.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Impresión de un artista de las 72 vírgenes. El Corán, hadith y las escuelas islámicas mencionan que a los hombres musulmanes se les recompensará con vírgenes en el Paraíso.]]

Este artículo discute lo que el [[Qur'an]], [[hadith]] y las escuelas [[Islamic|islamicas]] dicen sobre las 72 [[virgins|vírgenes]], y disipa la confusión popular que le rodea.
==Paraíso Sensual==

En el islam, el concepto de 72 vírgenes (houri) se refiere a un aspecto del Jannah ([[Heaven|Paraíso]]). Este concepto está fundamentado en el texto Coránico que describe un Paraíso sensual donde los hombres creyentes son recompensados siendo casados<ref name="Sura 44 54"></ref> con vírgenes de pechos "completamente desarrollados", "abultados" o "con forma de pera".<ref>Varios traductores como Hilali-Khan ([http://al-quran.info/default.aspx#&&sura=1&trans=en-hilali-khan&show=both,quran-uthmani&format=rows&ver=1.00 Noble Quran, translated by Hilali-Khan]), Arthur John Arberry, Abdul Daryabadi, Umm Muhammad, Edward Henry Palmer, Ahmed Ali, John Medows Rodwell, Ali Ünal, George Sale, Muhammad Sarwar, and Tahir-ul-Qadri ([http://www.quranbrowser.com/ Quran browser], {{Qtt|78|33}}) han traducido {{quran|78|33}} refiriéndose a pechos "completamente desarrollados", "abultados" o "con forma de pera".</ref><ref name="Kathir7833">"''Esto[Qur'an 78:33] significa pechos redondeados. Con esto querían decir que los pechos de estas chicas serán completamente redondeados y no caídos, porque serán vírgenes, iguales en edad .''" - {{cite book |url=http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=78&tid=56825 |author=Ibn Kathir |title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Abridged, Volume 10 Surat At-Tagabun to the end of the Qur'an |pages=333-334}}</ref> A la inversa, las [[Islam and Women|mujeres]] serán proveídas de un solo hombre, y "estarán satisfechas con él".<ref name="Jibreen">{{cite web|quote=Este número es solo para hombres. Una mujer tendrá sólo un marido en el Paraíso, y estará satisfecha con él y no necesitará más que eso. La mujer musulmana - quien no está influenciada por las afirmaciones de aquellos que propagan permisividad y sabe que no es como un hombre en su carácter y naturaleza, porque Alá la ha hecho como es - no objeta los mandatos de Alá o se siente enfadada. Más bien acepta lo que Alá ha decretado para ella. Su naturaleza le dice que no puede vivir con más de un hombre a la vez. Mientras haya entrado en el paraíso, tendrá todo lo que desee, así que no debería protestar ahora sobre las delicias y recompensas que su Señor ha elegido, pues tu Señor no trata a nadie injustamente.|url= http://islamqa.info/en/11419|title= The female martyr and the male martyr’s reward of seventy-two hoor al-‘iyn|publisher= Islam Q&A|author= Shaykh ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Jibreen|date= |series= Fatwa No. 11419|archiveurl= http://archive.is/IN1WL|deadurl=no}}</ref>

Las principales corrientes de eruditos islámicos, por ejemplo [[Gibril Haddad]], han comentado sobre la naturaleza erótica del Paraíso Coránico que algunos hombres pueden necesitar ghusl ([[ablution|ablución]] requerida después de la descarga sexual) solo al escuchar ciertos versos.<ref name="LI June 2003">{{cite web|url=http://mac.abc.se/home/onesr/f/Sex_w.slaves.a.women.html |title=Sex with slaves and women's rights|publisher=Living Islam |author=Shaykh Gibril Haddad |date=June 2, 2003 |quote=El Corán no menciona que para los habitantes del Paraíso -varones y mujeres- {Circularán entre ellos jóvenes criados de eterna juventud} (56:17), {Y circularán entre ellos criados jóvenes de eterna juventud. Viéndoles, se les creería perlas desparramadas.}(76:19). Si esto no hace feliz a una mujer entonces, como el Imam al-Shafi`i dijo al que no se conmovió por la poesía erótica, "No tienes sentimientos." Para los hombres creyentes, como dijo uno de los Awliya, algunos necesitará ghusl solo al escuchar el verso {de turgidos senos, de una misma edad}(78:33). Para los analfabetos de corazón insensible podemos leerlo y leerlo sin efecto alguno. |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://mac.abc.se/home/onesr/f/Sex_w.slaves.a.women.html&date=2011-05-22 |archivedate=2011-05-22 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

Los teólogos musulmanes ortodoxos como al-Ghazali (murió el 1111 dC) y al-Ash'ari (murió el 935 dC) han analizado los placeres sensuales encontrados en el Paraíso, contando el hadith que describe el Paraíso como un mercado de [[Slavery|de esclavos]] donde "no habrá compra ni venta, pero... Si cualquier hombre desea tener relaciones sexuales con una mujer, lo hará a la primera".<ref>"''Ali relató que el Apóstol de Alá dijo, "Hay en el Paraíso un mercado en donde no habrá compra ni venta, si no que consistirá de hombres y mujeres. Cuando un hombre desea una belleza, tendrá relaciones con ella.''" - Al Hadis, Vol. 4, p. 172, No. 34</ref><ref name=" Religious_Sciences3">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4|author=Al Ghazzali|quote= Un hombre preguntó al Profeta: O Profeta de Dios, ¿tendrán los moradores del Paraíso relaciones sexuales? Él dijo: Un morador del Paraíso tendrá quinientas hurs, cuatro mil mujeres solteras y ocho mil mujeres viudas. Cada una seguirá acogiéndole durante toda su vida mundana. También dijo: Habrá en el Paraíso mercados en los que no habrá compra ni venta, si no hombres y mujeres. Si cualquier hombre deseara tener relaciones sexuales con una mujer, lo hará a la primera. Las Hurs cantarán en el Paraíso con divina pureza y rezarán- nosotros somos bellas Hurs y estamos para los honorables maridos.|series=Death and Subsequent Events 430|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03|deadurl=no}}</ref>

Esto es citado por el Tafsir Ibn Kathir en su [[Tafsir|Cometario Coránico]] <ref>[http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/55.51771.html These two gardens are lower, in virtue and in status than the two before them, as supported in the Qur'an]</ref> , y descrito explícitamente por el comentador y erudito del Corán, al-Suyuti (fallecido en 1505), quien, haciéndose eco de un hadith [[hasan]]<ref name="SP 4828"></ref> de Ibn Majah,<ref name="Ibn Majah 39"></ref> escribió que "las vírgenes perpetuas tendrán "vaginas apetecibles", y que lo penes de los Elegidos nunca se ablandan. La [[Priapism - Permanent Erection|erección es eterna]]".<ref name="Al-Suyuti">"''Cada vez que nos acostamos con una Houri la encontramos virgen. Además, el pene de los Elegidos nunca se ablanda. La erección es eterna; la sensación que tienes cada vez que haces el amor es completamente deliciosa y fuera de este mundo y si lo experimentases en este mundo te desmayarías. Cada Elegido se casará con setenta [sic] houris, además de las mujeres con que se casó en la tierra, y todas tendrán vaginas apetecibles.'" - Al-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, p. 351</ref>

Los placeres sexuales entre creyentes y houris en el Paraíso también son confirmados por las dos colecciones [[Sahih]] de hadiths, denominadas Sahih Bukhari<ref name="Bukhari455544">"''Narrado por Abu Huraira: El Apóstol de Alá dijo, "El primer grupo de gente que entrará en el Paraíso, será resplandeciente como la Luna llena...Sus mujeres serán houris..."''" - {{Bukhari|4|55|544}}</ref> y Sahih Muslim, donde leemos que habrá vírgenes tan bellas, puras y transparentes que "el tuétano de los huesos de sus piernas será visto a través de las huesos y la carne",<ref name="Bukhari454476">"''Narrado por Abu Huraira: El Profeta dijo, "El primer lote (de gente) que entre en el Paraíso será (resplandeciente) como la Luna llena, y el segundo lote será (resplandeciente) como la estrella más brillante del cielo. Sus corazones serán como el corazón de un solo hombre, no habrá ni enemistad ni envidia entre ellos; todo el mundo tendrá dos mujeres de entre las houris, (quienes serán tan bellas, puras y transparentes que) el tuétano de los huesos de sus piernas se verá a través de los huesos y la carne''" - {{Bukhari|4|54|476}}</ref> y que "los creyentes las visitarán y disfrutarán".<ref>"'' El Apóstol de Alá (la bencición y paz de Alá sea con él) dijo: "En el Paraíso hay un pabellón hecho de una sola perla hueca de sesenta millas de ancho, en cada esquina de ella hay mujeres que no serán vistas en las otras esquinas; y los creyentes las visitarán y disfrutarán.''" - {{Bukhari|6|60|402}}</ref>

==Descripciones==

Se pueden encontrar varias descripciones relacionadas con las houri en varias referencias islámicas. Algunas incluyen:

'''Atributos Físicos''':

:* Amplios ojos y bellos/encantadores <ref name="Sura37_48"/><ref name="Sura52_20">"''Estarán reclinados en lechos alineados. Y les daremos por esposas a huríes de grandes ojos.''" - {{Quran|52|20}}</ref><ref name="Sura56_22"></ref>
:* Como perlas <ref>"''semejantes a perlas ocultas''" - {{Quran|56|23}}</ref>
:* Sin pelo excepto las cejas y la cabeza <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_5638/>
[[File:78 33-Kawaiba.jpg|thumb|right|Además de las traducciones Coránicas del verso 78:33 especificando que las vírgenes serán [[wiktionary:voluptuous|'''voluptuosas''']]<ref name="Sura78_33"">"''Y mujeres voluptuosas de igual edad;''" - {{Quran|78|33}}</ref>,Sahih International lo traduce como ''"'''de turgidos senos, de una misma edad'''"''. Tafsir al-Jalalayn dice ''"y''' pechugonas''' doncellas (kawā‘ib es el plural de kā‘ib) de igual edad (atrāb es el plural de tirb)"''. Diversos escolares islámicos explican que tendrán ''"'''grandes, redondeados pechos''' que no serán proclives a colgar"''.<ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2></ref> [[Image:Brsts.jpg|167px|right]]]]
:* Bellas<ref name="Bukhari454476"></ref>
:* De piel blanca <ref name=" Religious_Sciences">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4 |author=Al Ghazzali|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
:* 60 codos [27.5 metros] de alto<ref name="Ibn_Kathir">[http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=56&tid=51961 Ibn Kathir: The Reward of Those on the Right After]</ref><ref name=" Religious_Sciences" />
:* 7 codos[3.2 metros] de ancho <ref name=" Religious_Sciences" />
:* Transparente hasta el tuétano de sus huesos <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2/><ref name="Bukhari454476"></ref>
:* Eternamente jóvenes <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_5638>Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, hadith: 5638</ref>
:* Acompañantes de misma edad <ref name="Sura78_33"/><ref name="Muhammad Asad - atrab"> Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an,Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003), Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) Al-Waqiah (That which must come to pass)(56):38, note 15</ref>

'''Atributos Sexuales''':

:* Puras / con el himen intacto por relaciones sexuales<ref name="Sura55_56"/><ref name="Sura55_72_74">"''huríes, retiradas en los pabellones,-¿cuál, pues, de los beneficios de vuestro Señor negaréis?- no tocadas hasta entonces por hombre ni genio.''" - {{Quran-range|55|72|74}}</ref>
:* Vírgenes<ref name="q56_36"></ref>
:* Voluptuosas/de grandes pechos <ref name="Sura78_33"/>
:* Con grandes, redondeados pechos que no serán proclives a colgar <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2> Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 2.</ref><ref name="Kathir7833"></ref>
:* Vaginas apetecibles <ref name="Al-Suyuti"></ref>

'''Atributos de su Personalidad''':

:* Castas<ref name="Sura37_48">"''Tendrán a las de recatado mirar, de grandes ojos,''" - {{Quran|37|48}}</ref>
:* Recatado mirar <ref name="Sura37_48"/><ref name="Sura55_56">"''Estarán en ellos las de recatado mirar, no tocadas hasta entonces por hombre ni genio''" - {{Quran|55|56}}</ref>
:* Mirada modesta <ref name="Muhammad Asad-modest gaze"> Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an,Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003), Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) Sad (38):52</ref>

'''Otros Atributos''':
:* Espléndidas<ref name="Muhammad Asad -Kawa'ib"> Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an, Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003) Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) An-Naba (The Tiding)(78):33, note 16</ref>
:* Puras<ref name="Bukhari454476"></ref>
:* No menstrúan / no orinan/ no defecan y sin hijos <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2/><ref name=" Religious_Sciences2">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4|author=Al Ghazzali |quote=El Profeta dijo: Si una mujer del Paraíso echara un vistazo sobre este mundo todo contenido en él habría sido iluminado y llenado con su fragancia. Cada pelo de su cabeza es mejor que la Tierra y sus tesoros. Dios dice: Son como Eakut y Marjan. Si sus caras se vieran por una ventana, todo se volvería más claro y los espejos y la joya más pequeña en el interior se iluminaría como el cielo en la tierra. El Profeta dijo: En la noche en la que fui llevado al Paraíso, entré en un lugar llamado Baidakh cuyos campos son de esmeraldas y perlas verdes y Eakut rojo. Preguntaron: O Profeta de Dios, Salam para ti. Pregunté: O Gabriel, cuyo sonido esta ahí? Él dijo: de las mujeres en los campos. Buscan tu permiso para saludarte. Así que dales permiso. Ellas dirán: Estamos satisfechas con eso. Nunca estaremos insatisfechas. Nos quedaremos aquí para siempre, nunca viajaremos. Luego él citó el verso: Las bellas damiselas retenidas en los campos. En otro verso: Mujeres puras. Muzaher explicó esto diciendo que estarán libres de la menstruación, orina, deposiciones, tos e hijos. |series=Death and Subsequent Events 430|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03|deadurl=no}}</ref>
:* Nunca insatisfechas <ref name=" Religious_Sciences2"></ref>
:* Cantarán alabanzas <ref name=" Religious_Sciences3"></ref> 

==Autenticidad==

Mientras que hay numerosas fuentes, incluidas el Corán, que nos dicen que los varones creyentes serán recompensados con vírgenes, muchos que están preocupados sobre el [[Authenticity of 72 Virgins Hadith|concepto de autenticidad de las 72 vírgenes]] están bajo la idea equivocada de que sólo hay una débil referencia ([[List of Fabricated Hadith|da`if]]) al número exacto de houris que se les dan. Estas narraciones se encuentran de hecho en muchas colecciones de hadiths con varios niveles de autenticidad, yendo desde lo hasan (bueno) hasta lo sahih (auténtico).

Por ejemplo, en el Sunan Ibn Majah, uno de las seis mayores colecciones de hadiths, <ref name="VIRH"></ref> se establece en una narración hasan (buena) <ref name="SP 4828"></ref> que a todo hombre admitido en el Paraíso le será dado la erección eterna y casamiento con 72 esposas, todas con órganos sexuales libidinosos.<ref name="Ibn Majah 39">"''Abu Umama narró: "El Mensajero de Dios dijo, 'A todo el mundo que admita Dios en el paraíso será casado con 72 mujeres; dos de ellas son houris y setenta de su herencia de moradoras del infierno. Todas ellas tendrán órganos sexuales libidinosos y él tendrá un pene siempre-erecto.' ''" - Sunan Ibn Majah, Zuhd (Book of Abstinence) 39</ref>...

Similarly in another hadith with multiple narrators that has been graded hasan (good), it states that the martyr ([[shahid]]) will be married to seventy-two of al-hoor al-‘iyn.<ref name="alMiqdaam">''It was reported in the hadeeth of al-Miqdaam ibn Ma’di Karb that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:'' ''“The martyr (shaheed) has seven blessings from Allaah: he is forgiven from the moment his blood is first shed; he will be shown his place in Paradise; he will be spared the trial of the grave; and he will be secure on the Day of the Greatest Terror (the Day of Judgement); there will be placed on his head a crown of dignity, one ruby of which is better than this world and all that is in it; he will be married to seventy-two of al-hoor al-‘iyn; and he will be permitted to intercede for seventy of his relatives.”'' ''According to another report, the martyr has six blessings from Allaah. According to other reports (the number is) six, or nine, or ten'' - Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, who said it is a hasan hadeeth. Also narrated by Ibn Maajah in al-Sunan, by Ahmad, by ‘Abd al-Razzaaq in al-Musannaf, by al-Tabaraani in al-Kabeer, and by Sa’eed ibn Mansoor in al-Sunan</ref><ref name="QA 8511">{{cite web|url=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/islamqa/8511 |title=The six blessings of the martyrs|publisher=Islam Q&A|series= Fatwa No. 8511 |author=Shaykh Waleed al-Firyaan |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/islamqa/8511&date=2011-11-21 |archivedate=2011-11-21 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

In the Sunan al-Tirmidhi, another of the six major Hadith collections,<ref name="VIRH">{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.se/~m9783/n/vih_e.html |title=Various Issues About Hadiths |publisher=Living Islam |author=Shaykh Gibril Haddad|date=April 4, 2003 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.abc.se/~m9783/n/vih_e.html&date=2011-05-22|archivedate=2011-05-22 |deadurl=no}}</ref> it states that the smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode with seventy-two houri.<ref>"''It was mentioned by Daraj Ibn Abi Hatim, that Abu al-Haytham 'Adullah Ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudhri, who heard the Prophet Muhammad PBUH saying, 'The smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode where there are eighty thousand servants and seventy-two houri, over which stands a dome decorated with pearls, aquamarine and ruby, as wide as the distance from al-Jabiyyah to San'a.''" - Al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 4, Ch. 21, No. 2687</ref> Note that this is not a "weak Hadith that has no Sanad (chain of narrators)", as some have claimed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/ |title=Debunking the ‘Suicide for 72 Virgins’ Myth |publisher=TheUglyTruth |author=Nashid Abdul-Khalliq |date=March 4, 2007 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/&date=2012-02-20 |archivedate=2012-02-20 |deadurl=no}}</ref> It has been graded hasan sahih gharib,<ref name="SP 4828">Shaykh Gibril Haddad - [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I How Many Wives Will The Believers Have In Paradise?] - SunniPath, Question ID:4828, July 3, 2005</ref> meaning this hadith is hasan since it has several chains of transmitters, it is sahih as the chains are all authentic and it is gharib in the words that Imam Tirmidhi narrated.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_tirmidhi.htm |title=Imam Tirmidhi (209 - 279 H) |publisher=As-Sunnah Foundation of America |author= |date=February 20, 2012 |quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_tirmidhi.htm&date=2012-02-20 |archivedate=2012-02-20 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

Also reported in Sunan al-Kubra and Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and declared sahih (authentic)<ref name="SP 4828"></ref> by Ibn Abi Shayba, Ibn Hibban, and al-Hakim is the hadith that states the servant in Paradise will be [[Marriage|married]] with seventy wives and that they'll be given the sexual strength for a hundred.<ref name="al Janna">"''Anas said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “The servant in Paradise shall be married with seventy wives.” Someone said, “Messenger of Allah, can he bear it?” He said: “He will be given strength for a hundred.” From Zayd ibn Arqam, Allah be well-pleased with him, when an incredulous Jew or Christian asked the Prophet, upon him blessings and peace, “Are you claiming that a man will eat and drink in Paradise??” He replied: “Yes, by the One in Whose hand is my soul, and each of them will be given the strength of a hundred men in his eating, drinking, coitus, and pleasure.”''" - Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar</ref>

Orthodox Muslim theologians have related further hadith that give us the exact number of 72, such as al-Ghazali who wrote, "[The Prophet said] the lowest rank of an inmate of Paradise will have eighty thousand servants and seventy two wives."<ref name="Religious_Sciences4">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4 |series=The Book of Constructive Virtues 431|author=Al Ghazzali|quote=The Prophet said to a man: 0 servant of God, if you enter Paradise, you will get what you will desire, what your eyes will be pleased with. The Prophet said : If an inmate of Paradise will wish to have a son born to him, he will get it. Its stay in womb, its weaning away from milk and its youth will come to pass at the same time. He also said : The inmantes of Paradise will be beardless and hairless. Their colour will be white and their eyes painted with collyrium. They will be youths of 33 years of age. They will be sixty cubits long and seven cubits broad. He also said : The lowest rank of an inmate of Paradise will have eighty thousand servants and seventy two wives. In short there will be such bliss in Paradise which no eye has seen, no ear has heard and no heart has conceived.|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03|deadurl=no}}</ref>

==¿Vírgenes o pasas?==

This false myth of "white raisins" originated from Christoph Luxenberg, a modern author writing under a pseudonym.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Luxenberg |title=Christoph Luxenberg |publisher=Wikipedia |author= |date=February 19, 2012 |quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Luxenberg&date=2012-02-19|archivedate=2012-02-19 |deadurl=no}}</ref> His anti-Islamic claim,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Syro-Aramaic_Reading_of_the_Koran |title=The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran |publisher=Wikipedia |author= |date=February 19, 2012|quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Syro-Aramaic_Reading_of_the_Koran&date=2012-02-19 |archivedate=2012-02-19 |deadurl=no}}</ref> which has been accused of having a "Christian apologetic agenda",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livius.org/opinion/Luxenberg.htm |title=Missionary, dilettante or visionary? A review of Ch. Luxenberg, Die Syro-Aramäische Lesart des Qur'an |publisher=Livius |author=Richard Kroes |date=February 19, 2012|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.livius.org/opinion/Luxenberg.htm&date=2012-02-19 |archivedate=2012-02-19|deadurl=no}}</ref> is that the Qur'an was drawn from [[Islam and the People of the Book|Christian]] Syro-Aramaic texts in the early 8th century, in order to evangelize the Arabs,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/7025?eng=y|title=The Virgins and the Grapes: the Christian Origins of the Koran |publisher=Chiesa press |author=Sandro Magister |date=March 17, 2004 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/7025?eng=y&date=2012-02-19|archivedate=2012-02-19 |deadurl=no}}</ref> and that the Aramaic word 'hur' (white raisin) had been [[Mistranslated Verses|mistranslated]] by later Arab commentators into the Arabic word 'houri' (virgin).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/03/02/MN128985.DTL |title=Revisionist historians argue Koran has been mistranslated|publisher=New York Times |author=Alexander Stille |date=March 2, 2002 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/03/02/MN128985.DTL&date=2012-02-19 |archivedate=2012-02-19|deadurl=no}}</ref>

The Qur'an describes the physical characteristics of the houri in many places, and a reading of relevant verses show that Luxenberg's theory regarding heavenly white raisins is in error.

Raisins, which are dried grapes, cannot have large eyes,<ref name="Sura56_22">"''And (there are) fair ones with wide, lovely eyes,-''"- {{Quran|56|22}}</ref> big breasts,<ref name="Sura78_33">"''And voluptuous women of equal age;''" - {{Quran|78|33}}</ref> cannot restrain their glances,<ref name="Sura55_56"></ref> cannot be described as chaste,<ref name="Sura55_56"></ref> or have any of the characteristics listed above. The Qur'an further states that men will be wed to these houri.<ref name="Sura 44 54">"''Even so (it will be). And We shall wed them unto fair ones with wide, lovely eyes.''" - {{Quran|44|54}}</ref> Men cannot be married to raisins or white grapes.

Additionally, for someone to accept this "72 raisins" theory, they would also have to accept that the Qur'an was not written by[[Allah]] or revealed to the Prophet [[Muhammad]] in Arabic during the 7th century, but was in fact written by Christian evangelists in Syro-Aramaic during the 8th century.

==Terrorismo==

[[Suicide]] is clearly forbidden in Islam, but the [[The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Martyrdom Operations|permissibility of martyrdom operations]] (Istishhad) is an altogether different topic, with scholars being split on the issue.

Notable scholars and apologists such as Shaykh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, the world's most quoted independent Islamic jurist,<ref name="Faisal">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/aug/28/comment.israelandthepalestinians |title=Bombing for God (Special report: Israel and the Middle East) |publisher=The Guardian |author=Faisal Bodi |date=August 28, 2001|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/aug/28/comment.israelandthepalestinians&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21 |deadurl=no}}</ref> and [[Dr.]] [[Zakir Naik]], known for his advocacy of "[[Islam and Science|Qur'anic science]]", have justified the use of suicide bombing in Islam.<ref>Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi - [http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503545134 Palestinian Women Carrying Out Martyr Operations] - Islam Online, November 6, 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtZxNqxpb8s Is Suicide Bombing allowed in Islam? By Dr. Zakir Naik] (a YouTube video posted by PeaceTVUK on September 20, 2008</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/9627-pakistan-ulema-permits-suicide-attacks |title=Pakistan Ulema Permits Suicide Attacks |publisher=TOLOnews |author=Abdul Haq Omari |date=March 2, 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/9627-pakistan-ulema-permits-suicide-attacks&date=2013-03-05 |archivedate=2013-03-05 |deadurl=no}}</ref> Opinion polls have further shown that an [[Muslim Statistics -Terrorism|extremely large number]] of Muslims from around the world support the practice.<ref name="Faisal"></ref><ref name="JP">Michael Freund - [http://web.archive.org/web/20070210015156/http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467849587&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Right On: The straightforward arithmetic of jihad] - The Jerusalem Post, January 31, 2007</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20040412010339/http://web.mid-day.com/news/world/2004/march/79639.htm|title=65% Pakistanis support Osama, says report |publisher=Mid Day |author=Khalid A-H Ansari |date=March 27, 2004|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://web.archive.org/web/20040412010339/http://web.mid-day.com/news/world/2004/march/79639.htm&date=2012-02-11 |archivedate=2012-02-11 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/international/one_in_eight_uk_muslims_support_terrorist_attacks_1_517610 |title=One in eight UK Muslims 'support terrorist attacks' |publisher=Scotsman.com |author= |date=March 15, 2004 |quote=|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/international/one_in_eight_uk_muslims_support_terrorist_attacks_1_517610&date=2012-02-04|archivedate=2012-02-04 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

The Qur'an states that all Muslim males, not only martyrs, will be rewarded with virgins.<ref name="q56_36">"''Then We have made them virgins''" - {{Quran|56|36}}</ref> However, the Qur'an does also mention that those who [[The Meaning of Qatal|fight]] in the way of Allah ([[jihad]]) and get killed will be given a "great reward",<ref name="Sura4 74">"''Let those (believers) Who sell the life of this world for the hereafter fight in the cause of Allah and whoso fights in the cause of Allah, - and is slain or gets victory, We shall bestow on him a great reward.''" - {{Quran|4|74}}</ref> and there are also hasan (good) hadith<ref name="QA 8511"></ref> which refer to 72 virgins as one of the "seven blessings from Allah" to the martyr.<ref name="alMiqdaam"></ref> This has lead to the 72 virgins concept being widely used as a way to entice other Muslims into carrying out "martyrdom operations" for Islam.

This is witnessed in [[Palestinian Authority area|Palestine]], where the actions of a mother who sends her son to die as a martyr is sometimes seen as "marrying him off",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565 |title=The model Palestinian mother sends her son to die as Martyr, thereby marrying him off |publisher=Al-Hayat Al-Jadida |author= |date=January 8, 2012 |quote=|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21|deadurl=no}}</ref> and where the concept is used in Friday sermons and [[music]] [[videos]], both airing on official television.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565 |title=72 wives await the Martyrs for Allah: Six rewards quoted in Hamas TV sermon|publisher=Al-Aqsa TV (Hamas) |author= |date=January 1, 2010 |quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565 |title=Beautiful virgins await Muslim Martyrs in Paradise|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21|deadurl=no}} - Palestinian TV (Fatah), February 7, 2010 (1 min)</ref> It has even been used in the [[United Kingdom]], where, in one event, Muslim teens were told to train with Kalashnikov rifles with the promise that the would receive 72 virgins in paradise if they died as religious martyrs.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2687797.stm British martyrs 'promised 72 virgins'] - BBC News, January 23, 2003</ref>

Contrary to what the Qur'an, hadith, scholars and Muslims themselves say, a western author named Margaret Nydell in a book that "promotes understanding between modern-day Arabs and Westerners", states that mainstream Muslims regard the belief of 72 virgins in the same way that mainstream Christians regard the belief that after death they will be issued with wings and a harp, and walk on clouds.<ref>{{cite book|title=Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times|author=Margaret Kleffner Nydell|pages=109|year=2006|publisher=Intercultural Press|isbn=1931930252}}</ref>

The Bible (and more specifically [[Jesus]] in the [[Injil|four Gospels]]) does not discuss the issue of wings and a harp being provided for Christians upon their arrival in Heaven. However, both the Qur'an and Muhammad in the hadith literature do discuss the issue of virgins being provided for Muslim men upon their arrival in Paradise. So the claim made by Margaret Nydell, equating the belief in receiving heavenly virgins to that of believing in receiving heavenly wings and harps, is inaccurate and misleading.

==Conclusión==

The Qur'anic Paradise is sensual in nature,<ref name="LI June 2003"></ref> promising Muslim men voluptuous<ref name="Sura78_33"/>virgins<ref name="q56_36"/> but does not specify their exact number. This cannot possibly be a mistranslation because raisins do not have large eyes<ref name="Sura56_22"></ref> or cannot be wed to men.<ref name="Sura 44 54"></ref>

The hadith literature compliment the Qur'anic text by specifying the exact number of virgins as 72 and providing us with detailed descriptions of their [[#Descriptions|characteristics]]. These narrations are not weak but vary in strength from good to authentic.<ref name="SP 4828"></ref><ref name="QA 8511"></ref><ref>[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islam.tc%2Fcgi-bin%2Faskimam%2Fask.pl%3Fq%3D7007%26act%3Dview&date=2012-01-09 The number of Hoors (70 or more) in Jannah for a Shaheed or a Jannathi is fixed by which hadeeth, and in which book] - Mufti Ebrahim Desai, Ask-Imam, Question No. 7007, October 29, 2002</ref>

We are also given details on the physical attributes given to men to sustain 72 virgins, namely, [[Priapism - Permanent Erection|ever-erect penises]] that never soften<ref name="Ibn Majah 39"></ref><ref name="Al-Suyuti"></ref> and the sexual strength to satisfy 100.<ref name="al Janna"></ref><ref name="Masabih XLII"></ref><ref name=" Religious_Sciences5">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4|author=Al Ghazzali|quote=Once a Jewish learned man came to the Prophet and asked him : Who will first cross the Bridge? He said : The poor refugees : The Jew asked again : When they will enter paradise, what food will be served to them first? He said : Roasts of the livers of fish. He asked again : What will be their morning lunch? He said : Cows of paradise will be slaughtered for them. He said : What drink will be given to them? He said They will be given drink of Salsabil. The Jew said : You have spoken the truth. Once a Jew asked the Prophet : Do you think that the inmates of paradise will eat and drink? The Prophet said Yes, by One in whose hand there is my life, each one of them will be given food, drink and strength of one hundred man to have sexual intercourse. The Jew asked : Will he have any necessity of passing urine and stools? The Prophet said : In place of urine and stool, perspiration will come out of them like camphor and as a result their stomach will be cleared therefor. |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03 |deadurl=no}}, The Book of Constructive Virtues 429</ref>

Although it does say they will receive a "great reward",<ref name="Sura4 74"></ref> and there are also hasan hadith<ref name="QA 8511"></ref> which refer to 72 virgins as one of the "seven blessings from Allah" to the martyr,<ref name="alMiqdaam"></ref> the Qur'an does not specify these virgins are a reward for jihadists/martyrs, but rather for any Muslim male who gains admittance to Paradise.<ref name="q56_36"></ref>

==Citas seleccionadas==

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|56|35|38}}|Lo! We have created them a (new) creation, And '''made them virgins, Lovers''', friends, For those on the right hand; }}

{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah, Zuhd (Book of Abstinence) 39|Abu Umama narrated: "The Messenger of God said, 'Everyone that God admits into paradise will be '''married to 72 wives; two of them are houris and seventy of his inheritance of the [female] dwellers of hell'''. All of them will have libidinous sex organs and he will have an '''ever-erect penis'''.' "}}

{{Quote|Al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 4, Ch. 21, No. 2687|It was mentioned by Daraj Ibn Abi Hatim, that Abu al-Haytham 'Adullah Ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudhri, who heard the Prophet Muhammad PBUH saying, 'The smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode where there are eighty thousand servants and '''seventy-two houri''', over which stands a dome decorated with pearls, aquamarine and ruby, as wide as the distance from al-Jabiyyah to San'a.}}

{{Quote|Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, p. 351|Each time we sleep with a Houri we find her virgin. Besides, '''the penis of the Elected never softens. The erection is eternal'''; the sensation that you feel each time you make love is utterly delicious and out of this world and were you to experience it in this world you would faint. Each chosen one [i.e. Muslim] will marry '''seventy''' [sic]'''houris''', besides the women he married on earth, and '''all will have appetizing vaginas'''.}}

{{Quote|Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar|Anas said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “'''The servant in Paradise shall be married with seventy wives'''.” Someone said, “Messenger of Allah, can he bear it?” He said: “He will be given strength for a hundred.” From Zayd ibn Arqam, Allah be well-pleased with him, when an incredulous Jew or Christian asked the Prophet, upon him blessings and peace, “Are you claiming that a man will eat and drink in Paradise??” He replied: “Yes, by the One in Whose hand is my soul, and '''each of them will be given the strength of a hundred men in his eating, drinking, coitus, and pleasure'''.”}}

{{Quote|1=Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Abridged, Volume 10 Surat At-Tagabun to the end of the Qur'an, 333-334|2=This '''[Qur'an 78:33] means round breasts'''. They meant by this that the breasts of these girls will be '''fully rounded and not sagging''', because they will be virgins, equal in age.}}

==Respuestas a apologistas==
# '''''"The Qur'an doesn't talk about 72 virgins, only the hadiths"''''' Even though the Qur'an does not mention the number of virgins, it does say in verse 56:36<ref name="q56_36"/> that Muslim men will be awarded with virgins in Paradise. The Qur'an describes their physical attributes, for example they will have large eyes (56:22) and big breasts (78:33)<ref name="Sura78_33"/> and so on. The actual number of houri is thus a minor issue and 72 is the number of those houris confirmed in multiple hadith. The [[hadiths]] are a[[Qur'an Only Islam - Why it is Not Possible|crucial part of Islam]] and certain Muslims ignore them because sometimes they contain uncomfortable details about Islam. There are many hadiths and Qur'anic verses which talk about various issues of a sexual nature. According to {{Bukhari|1|5|268}} which belongs to the most authentic collection of hadiths, Muhammad himself was given the sexual strength of 30 men and so on.
# '''''"The 72 virgins hadith has been classified as Da'if (weak) or Maudu (fabricated)"''''' This is not true. The hadith from Sunan al-Tirmidhi has been graded hasan sahih gharib (a “fair, sound, single-chained hadith”).<ref name="SP 4828"></ref> Additionally there is not only one "72 virgins" hadith. We have quoted narrations here that have been graded both hasan (good) and sahih (authentic), and there are [[Authenticity of 72 Virgins Hadith|many others]].
# '''''"Obviously this hadith has been made up, is unreliable and/or is a lie"''''' See answers to #1 and 2 above.
# '''''"The Qur'an doesn't talk about the number of virgins being seventy two"''''' See answer to #1 above.
# '''''"It is talking about (white) raisins, not virgins"''''' This is a myth originating from Christoph Luxenberg, a recent author with a pseudonym who has no known qualifications or authority on Islamic issues, and has been shown to be in error for [[#Virgins or Raisins?|various reasons]].
# '''''"Islam prohibits suicide"''''' Yes, hadith do exist that prohibit suicide ([[The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Martyrdom Operations|Suicide ''bombing'']] however is a separate issue) but this has nothing to do with the fact that Islam promises women in Paradise as a reward for the "righteous" (i.e. Muslims).
# '''''"If the seventy two virgins thing was something big in Islam it would be talked about more frequently."''''' Women in Islamic heaven as a reward are talked about frequently in the Qur'an as evidenced by the various places in the Qur'an where their characteristics are talked about. Also if the Qur'an talks about a certain issue only once, it cannot be taken lightly in any way as every word and sentence in the Qur'an is important and holy to Muslims.
# '''''"The houri are for both men and women"''''' The Qur'an explicitly talks about female virgins with large eyes as rewards for men. On the contrary there is not a single "women will get guys as a reward" verse. Some gender neutral verses do exist but they talk about general rewards only (such as "companionship" etc). Also, according to Shaykh ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Jibreen, who was a leading cleric and a member of the Senior Clerics Association, "This number is only for men. A woman will have only one husband in Paradise, and she will be satisfied with him and will not need any more than that."<ref name="Jibreen"></ref>
# '''''"The houri are only servants and not for sexual purposes"''''' If that was true, Qur'an 56:36<ref name="q56_36"/> wouldn't say they are virgins and it wouldn't mention they have big breasts. In addition, while the Qur'an does not explicitly say they're for sexual purposes, [[Qur%27an, Hadith and Scholars:Sexuality#Paradise|other Islamic sources]] mention that. One hadith says "The believer will be given such and such strength in Paradise for sexual intercourse". Other sources state that "the penis of the Elected never softens" and that men in heaven will have the sexual strength of 100 men.<ref name="Masabih XLII">"''The Holy Prophet said: 'The believer will be given such and such strength in Paradise for sexual intercourse. It was questioned: O prophet of Allah! can he do that? He said: "He will be given the strength of one hundred persons.''" - Mishkat al-Masabih Book IV, Chapter XLII, Paradise and Hell, Hadith Number 24</ref><ref name=" Religious_Sciences5"></ref>

{{Core Women}}

==Véase también==

{{Hub4|Virgins|Virgins}}
* [[Numbers of Islam]] ''- other number-related facts about Islam''

{{Translation-links-english|[[72_Huri_-_Bakirə|Azerbaijani]], [[72 Девственици|Bulgarian]], [[72_Pannen|Czech]], [[72 Jungfrauen|German]], [[72 Huri - Bakire|Turkish]], [[Le 72 vergini|Italian]]}}

==Enlaces externos==

; Artículos
* {{external_link|url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/538.htm |title='72 Black Eyed Virgins': A Muslim Debate on the Rewards of Martyrs |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/538.htm&date=2012-02-23|archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
* {{external_link|url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2329/does-the-koran-really-promise-islamic-martyrs-72-virgins|title=Does the Koran really promise Islamic martyrs 72 virgins? |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2329/does-the-koran-really-promise-islamic-martyrs-72-virgins&date=2012-02-23|archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
* {{external_link|url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Responses/Abualrub/allah_brothel.htm |title=Have You Been Invited to Allah’s Brothel? |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Responses/Abualrub/allah_brothel.htm&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
* {{external_link|url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Versions/078.033.html |title=Muslim Mastectomy or The Miracle of Disappearing Breasts |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Versions/078.033.html&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}

;Vídeos
* {{external_link|url=http://weaselzippers.typepad.com/blog/2009/09/video-saudi-cleric-extols-the-virtues-of-allahs-virgins-in-paradise-they-are-white-women-who-are-men.html |title=Saudi Cleric Extols the Virtues of Allah's Virgins in Paradise, "They are White Women who are Menstruation-Free, Free of Feces, Urine, Phlegm" |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://weaselzippers.typepad.com/blog/2009/09/video-saudi-cleric-extols-the-virtues-of-allahs-virgins-in-paradise-they-are-white-women-who-are-men.html&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5pqQIyQfa8 72 wives await the Martyrs for Allah: Six rewards quoted in Hamas TV sermon]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aolf7qrTM1E ABC's Islam Deception--Part One: Raisins or Virgins in Paradise?]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zb326lP5RPg Dark eyed virgins greet Muslim Martyrs in Paradise]

;Enlaces musulmanes:
* {{external_link|url=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/ |title=Debunking the ‘Suicide for 72 Virgins’ Myth |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}} ''(see [[#Responses_to_Apologetics|Response]]section above)''

;Humor
Videos:
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cRmPO07U_M Atheist Comedian 72 Virgins in Heaven] ''(5:32)''
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dxpMTFBg48 Family guy - 72 Virgins] ''(0:25)''
Pictures: [http://jot.amid.com/post/51544807/much-to-their-surprise-the-virgins-awaiting much to their surprise...]

==Referencias==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Español (Spanish)]]
[[ru:72 девственницы]]

WikiIslam:Translation Discussions

2015-05-19T01:41:38Z

Jcaraballo: /* New translations */

{{Template:Discussions}}

'''''For some general information and direction on the WikiIslam Translation Project, see the [[WikiIslam:Translations]] page.'''''


=Afrikaans=

==Categories & Incomplete Translations==

*[[:Category:Afrikaans]] & [[:Category:Afrikaans Templates]]

==Some testimonies==

Thanks to [[User:Moederstad]] for translating some testimonies into Afrikaans. Starting of by translating testimonies isn't something we'd suggest to other translators, but it is appreciated all the same. [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 13:29, 12 December 2014 (PST)

=Arabic=

==Categories & Incomplete Translations==

*[[:Category:العربية (Arabic)]]

*Several incomplete translation of can be viewed here (see the associated talk pages for details): [[أضرار الصوم في رمضان]], [[الأخطاء العلمية في القرآن]], [[الإسلام وحرية التعبير]]. Arabic speaking editors/readers are welcome to help complete it.

==Consider attracting Arab speaking Christians? ==

I've noticed that the admins here are hoping to find Arab speakers to write for this website. Obviously this is a hard 'person' to find, since most Arab speakers are Muslim and will not want to contribute to a website that criticizes Islam.

However, there are millions of Christians who speak Arab and live in the Arab countries. Now I know that this website does not want bias (Christian) articles. But in alot of cases the Christian arab speaker can leave their Christian belief at the door, while writing for this website. Are you finding arab speaking critics or do you need help finding them? I don't know them personally but I do know of some arab speakers (Christians mainly) who are non-Muslim students of the Quran.
:Yes that would be great. Any (native) arabic speaking person is fine who would be able to translate some articles. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 21:17, 30 July 2012 (PDT)

==Translating Into Arabic==

Hi, I'm an Arabic native speaker and interested reader from the Middle East and I'd like to help in translating some articles into Arabic, any suggestions is welcomed. Thanks [[User:Pouasi|Pouasi]] ([[User talk:Pouasi|talk]]) 20:11, 2 August 2012 (PDT)
:Hi Pouasi. Welcome to WikiIslam! If you have any specific questions, do not hesitate to ask. Why not start with one of these articles: [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/NATVRAE_MIRABILIS_ORIGINISQVE_DIVINAE_GEORGICAE_VERGILII ] [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Adverse_Effects_of_Islamic_Fasting ] [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Setting_the_Record_Straight:_The_Non-Miracle_of_Islamic_Science ] --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 22:32, 2 August 2012 (PDT)
::I made some steps for translating articles: [[WikiIslam:Translations#Steps_for_Translating_an_Article]]. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 01:11, 3 August 2012 (PDT)
::: Thanks for the help, since we are on the month of Ramadan I'll begin with this article: Adverse Effects of Islamic Fasting. [[User:Pouasi|Pouasi]] ([[User talk:Pouasi|talk]]) 03:30, 3 August 2012 (PDT)
::::Sounds great. Thanks! --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 03:40, 3 August 2012 (PDT)
Saw this news recently [http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57596285/saudi-arabia-sentences-blogger-to-7-years-in-prison-600-lashes-for-encouraging-religious-debate/ Saudi Arabia sentences blogger to 7 years in prison, 600 lashes for encouraging religious debate]. We need to put out a visible call asking for help in Arabic translations. How about a collapsible Site wide notice at the top that Wikipedia uses sometimes (for elections, donations). Regular visitors can close the notice so its out of the way. Or best, something in the sidebar that stays there. Right now is a good time to do some thing like this. We need about 20 translations first and then people willing to commit to handle an arabic sub-domain. I also need to work on a "how to translate" page that makes it easier for people to do it. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 09:46, 31 July 2013 (PDT)
:What sort of thing are you thinking of in the sidebar? I think maybe we need to personally contact some Arab-speaking bloggers/webmasters.[[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 10:00, 31 July 2013 (PDT)
::Ideally something visible but that might not be possible with the current layout/system. But yea thats a good idea to contact the webmasters. I need to work on the Translation help page and then when its ready we can contact these people asking for help. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 10:20, 31 July 2013 (PDT)
:::Cool. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 10:27, 31 July 2013 (PDT)

=Azerbaijani=

==Categories & Incomplete Translations==

*[[:Category:Azərbaycanca (Azerbaijani)]] & [[:Category:Azerbaijani Templates]]

==Thanks to Sekulyarizm.org!==

The kind folks at [http://www.sekulyarizm.org/ Sekulyarizm.org] have provided us with a translation of "The Genocide of Banu Qurayza" which can be viewed [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Beni_Kureyza_Q%C9%99tliam%C4%B1 here]. We have been told that more translations are on the way. So, thanks guys! [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 16:35, 6 August 2013 (PDT)

= Bengali =

==Bengali translator ==

Hello

I live in Australia. But my native language is Bengali. I have some experience to translate from English to Bengali. If WikiIslam is looking for some skilled like me then please email me to runahasan12@hotmail.com —The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Runahasan|Runahasan]] ([[User talk:Runahasan|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Runahasan|contribs]]) {{#if:20:08, 9 August 2012| on 20:08, 9 August 2012|}} 

:Hi Runa! Yes, we would love for you to translate some of our pages into Bengali. In fact Bengali is among the most important languages for us. Please take a look at our [[WikiIslam:Translations]] and let me know if you have any further questions. Thanks! --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 02:40, 10 August 2012 (PDT)

I have just signed up for this site and I would like to contribute as well as translate in Bangla as Bangla is my native language.
I am inspired by the quality of some of the the works. I think I have knowledge, interest and language skills in Both Bangla and English to make valuable contributions.

A Ahmed —The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:SURREAL|SURREAL]] ([[User talk:SURREAL|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/SURREAL|contribs]]) {{#if:12:35, 8 November 2012| on 12:35, 8 November 2012|}} 
: Welcome to the site. As I had previously explained to Runa, feel free to take a look at our [[WikiIslam:Translations]] page and let me know if you have any further questions. Thanks! --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 12:51, 8 November 2012 (PST)

Looking at these images [[Various_Images_-_Bangladesh]], we really need a few translations of a few important articles in Bengali for example [[72 virgins]], and [[Pedophilia_in_the_Qur%27an]], [[Women_are_Deficient_in_Intelligence]] atleast. Runa could be contacted and this other editor (Surreal) has [[Special:EmailUser/SURREAL|email]] enabled. - what do you guys think. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 16:19, 4 April 2013 (PDT)

= Bulgarian =

*[[:Category:Български (Bulgarian)]] & [[:Category:Bulgarian Templates]]

== Тranslate wikiIslam to bulgarian language, please! ==

Hi,

My Real name is not Damaskin.
I have long wanted to write a book about Islam and has long been preparing. Soon, however, I found gative site and thought it was wonderful.I would like to engage my friends to translate very well all the information on your site to make it there in Bulgarian. In Bulgaria there are about 1 million Muslims and I have to do that. Please contact me to find out exactly how to do the translation, because I'm not aware of in the concrete. I can get involved with the Bulgarian translation of qualified interpreters.

Regards
D. {{unsigned|Damaskin}}

P.S.Sorry my english.The translate of the site will be for my friends :)

:hi Damaskin, we would love to have some important articles in Bulgarian. Here's a list of articles that should be translated: [[WikiIslam:Translations#All_Languages]]. Let me know which article(s) you'd like to translate and I'll guide you further. Yes it would be nice to have your friends help with the translation as there is a lot that needs to be translated. Please direct them here to register a username and then to leave a message in this section saying which article they would like to translate. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 17:05, 11 October 2013 (PDT)

=Dutch=

==Question regarding helping this website==

Hello, I would like to help WikiIslam out for instance by adding to this article an Al-Muslim hadith confirming the one already present from Al Bukhari. I think the Al Muslim one is, due to its length, even more specific and can leave no doubt in the mind of any reader that rape is in fact permitted in Islam.

I am relatively new to wiki editing, especially the "talk" part of it. So I was hoping someone could inform me how to contact the 'owners' of this website. Or is this the only way? I would like to volunteer to translate articles into my native language, which is Dutch. Though Dutch is not the most spoken language in the world it is a country (or language area) that has throughout history been known for fighting the worlds battles first. With the Islamic debate it is no different. Proof of this comes from the fact that Theo van Gogh was murdered here and Ayaan Hirsi Ali is a well known ex-Muslim in fear of her life. However, the debate here needs extra stimulance. And since we have many muslims (including many fundamentalists) here in The Netherlands, I think it's going to be worth the time to translate some articles into Dutch. Now, should I simply look at the Translations page and start submitting, or do I seek contact with someone first?

I would like to add that I have recently been given personal permission by Dr. Rafat Amari to translate his article on the pagan roots of Ramadan (http://religionresearchinstitute.org/ramadan/roots.htm). This might make a good Dutch article perhaps. But I'm willing to translate any article you need/want in Dutch.

Greetz

Chris

:Welcome again, Chris. Concerning your queries:

:1. Alternative contact details can be found [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Contact_Us here].

:2. If you're unsure about how integrate the Muslim hadith into the existing article, just put it on the talk page and we'll add it to wherever is most appropriate.

:3. Translations into Dutch are very welcome. Yes, please do look at the Translations page and start submitting.

:4. Dr. Rafat Amari's article is promoting Christianity so it wouldn't be suitable for this site (this site is non-partisan). We also like our criticism to be more focused on what the Islamic texts themselves say rather than "higher criticism" (i.e. did Muhammad exist? and other such topics).

:If you have any further questions, don't hesitate to ask. Leave them here or on my talk page, and I'll do my best to answer them. --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 07:15, 29 July 2012 (PDT)

=French=

==Categories & Incomplete Translations==

*[[:Category:Français (French)]] & [[:Category:French Templates]]

== Translation from English to French ==
Hello,

I am working on translations in Wikipedia from english to french and interested on propagating knowledge about Quran and Muslims to let people understand what exactly is Islam. I am minding on creating an account in WikiIslam tomorrow. We will see, after one nignt asleep.

Some fundamentalist dislike those who fight Islam. We do not fight agains anybody but we fight with my friends '''for''' '''human rights''' and '''religious freedom''' in our country, a democracy whose name is France. We fight also for a free and wealthy Europe. Do you think I can be useful in this cooperative encyclopedy ? We practicise historical truth as strongly as we can. We came from North-Africa in which we were born around 1938. In 1985, I was granted with the title of {{Quote|Source|Ancien Auditeur de l'Institut des Hautes Etudes de la Défense Nationale|80e session Paris 1985}}

Regulus
--[[Special:Contributions/86.74.124.117|86.74.124.117]] 12:12, 5 March 2013 (PST)

:Hi Raymond, and welcome! Yes, of course, your translations will be most welcome here. I hope you decide to create an account and join us. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 13:57, 5 March 2013 (PST)

==Should a sub-domain be created?==

Should a french sub-domain be created? If all the presently translated articles are fine [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Category:Fran%C3%A7ais_%28French%29]. This will make it easier for creation of future french articles so they wont have to be moved/adjusted, etc. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 05:05, 29 March 2013 (PDT)
:I think we need more French editors before considering that. Would also need to find a suitable administrator for that sub-domain (like Claustrum for ru.wikiislam.net) who understands our goals and approach to criticism. O/T could you check your PMs please? [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 06:33, 29 March 2013 (PDT)

== A new French translator ==

Hi ! I'm new and I would like translate articles from English into French.
I would like to know what I can translate because these links didn't help me :

1.[[WikiIslam:Join_Our_Team]] 
2.[[WikiIslam:Tasks]] 
3.[[WikiIslam:Translations]] —The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Elkaafir93 |Elkaafir93 ]] ([[User talk:Elkaafir93 |talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Elkaafir93 |contribs]]) {{#if:14:17, 8 October 2013| on 14:17, 8 October 2013|}} 

:Hi. I made some suggestions on your talk page. They were:

:*[[72 Virgins]] - It is quite a lengthy article, but it is also one of our most popular.
:*[[Health Effects of Islamic Dress]] - A shorter article. Still very popular and probably will interest French readers.
:I could make more suggestions if for some reason you did not want to do these two. But I think they are very good pages. Let me know what you think. Thanks! [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 16:58, 8 October 2013 (PDT)

::Thanks for the suggestions. [[User:elkaafir93|--elkaafir93]] ([[User talk:elkaafir93|talk]]) 9 October 2013.

=German=

==Categories & Incomplete Translations==

*[[:Category:Deutsch (German)]] & [[:Category:German Templates]]

==Translator for German ==

Hello.

I would love to translate as much as possible in german.
Alot of my friends are interested in the Islam and don't realise the true danger of this "religion". —The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Shad0w1991|Shad0w1991]] ([[User talk:Shad0w1991|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shad0w1991|contribs]]) 

:Hi, Shad0w1991! You are more than welcome to start translations of our articles into German. Here are a few suggestions on what to cover: [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Tasks#All_Languages]. When translating, please press the "Edit" or "View source" tab at the top-right of the page you want to translate, then copy/paste the entire thing into a text file. If you then translate directly from that text file, you will retain all of the formating. Thank you! --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]]) 11:28, 12 June 2012 (PDT)

Hi,

I am a new editor, and I see my role mainly in doing some german translations. It looks like I am the only one interested in such a thing, and there is such a vast amount of information, that I feel drowned already. Therefore, I will proceed slower than I'd like to. I hope I can count on your understanding. -- [[User talk:Therider|TheRider]]

:Hi. Sure, that's not a problem. Edit at whatever speed you are comfortable with. Though I will say that, if we had 2 or 3 completed translations, we could then add the German language to the sidebar. This may then encourage other German readers. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 00:36, 25 January 2014 (PST)

The translation of my first page (72 virgins) is finished. I'm proud! :-) —The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Therider|Therider]] ([[User talk:Therider|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Therider|contribs]]) {{#if:21:38, 6 February 2014| on 21:38, 6 February 2014|}} 

:Thanks a lot. It looks really great! You've kept the formatting and everything in. It's perfect. [[User:Sahab|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 22:22, 6 February 2014 (PST)

Next I finished the unfinished translation of [Geschlechtertrennung im Islam]. What would you like me to do next? [[User:Therider|Therider]]
:Thanks again! Could you please answer the question I left on your talk page ([http://wikiislam.net/wiki/User_talk:Therider#German_template_help here])? It would be a great help to us now that we have more than 1 German article. As for articles to translate, we have a list of good article [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Translations#List_of_Articles_to_Translate here]. Feel free to pick any of them. [[User:Sahab|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 03:53, 8 February 2014 (PST)
::I've now created the German hub page using the translations you provided ([http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Artikel_auf_Deutsch_-_Articles_in_German here]). I've also added Deutsch to the sidebar (it's on the left of the screen under "Translations").

:::Have you had a think about what you'd like to translate next? How about [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Priapism_-_Permanent_Erection Priapism (Permanent Erection)]? This article is not too long and is very well written. [[User:Sahab|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 00:19, 10 February 2014 (PST)
::::No, but thanks for the suggestion. I took the time tonight to do the priapism page.

::::BTW, I vaguely remember that the first time I browsed this site, I had found some german language page. But now I can't find it anymore. Could it be that there is the odd german page hidden somewhere? If yes, it would be a good idea to link it to the new german language hub page.[[User:Therider|Therider]] ([[User talk:Therider|talk]])

:::::Great work on that Priapism article. I'll clean it up and add it to the main page. I don't think we have any more German articles hidden on the site.

:::::About the "Artikel auf Deutsch" hub page; why was the word "(Englisch)" removed? Was it grammatically or stylistically incorrect or something in German? The reason why it's there is because the site map is in English. [[User:Sahab|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 00:43, 11 February 2014 (PST)
::::::Oh, that's why that word was there? I couldn't make any sense out of that mention of the english language, because the whole page is all in german :-) Of course, if you feel it is helpful there, put it back. I, frankly, don't. If ever, I'd rather mark the Sitemap link something like "Sitemap (Englisch)" [[User:Therider|Therider]] ([[User talk:Therider|talk]])
:::::::Okay. That's a good idea. I'll mark the sitemap link as you suggested. Thanks! [[User:Sahab|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 20:59, 11 February 2014 (PST)

==Anja Freese of Europe News==

Anja Freese at Europe News is currently [http://europenews.dk/de/node/75385 translating] our article, [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Islamic_Inventions%3F_How_Islamic_Inventors_Did_Not_Change_The_World "How Islamic Inventors Did Not Change The World"] into German. It's a very long article, so each section is being posted as a separate page. It would be great to import the translation when it is complete. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 09:59, 18 October 2013 (PDT)
:Another article is also being translated in parts ([http://europenews.dk/de/node/76634 Quotations on Islam from Notable Non-Muslims]). [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 13:40, 1 February 2014 (PST)

==Translation of [[Islam and Democratic Values]]==
Hi,

New translation is finished: http://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Sandbox/Islam_und_demokratische_Werte. What to do with it now? -- [[User talk:Therider|TheRider]]
:Thanks for that. I made the various links and its announced on the main page ([[Islam_und_demokratische_Werte]]). If you would like to do more, looking at the [[WikiIslam:Translations|translation list]], these two are great candidates:
:*[[List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad]], and:
:*[[Invitations to Islam Prior to Violence]]
: --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 17:40, 21 April 2014 (PDT)

=Indonesian=

==Categories & Incomplete Translations==

*[[:Category:Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)]]
*An incomplete translation of [[Refutation of Modern Apologetics Against Aishas Age|Refutation of Modern Apologetics Against Aisha's Age]] can be viewed here: [[Sanggahan Terhadap Apologis Muslim Mengenai Usia Aisha]]. Indonesian speaking editors/readers are welcome to help complete it.

=Italian=

==Categories & Incomplete Translations==

*[[:Category:Italiano (Italian)]] & [[:Category:Italian Templates]]

==Saving beta-versions==

Hi, i've a question. Since i'm translating big articles, this requires a lot of time and i'm doing this in my free time. Is it possible to save beta-versions and retrieve them easily? i mean, if i press "save the page" then it will be published, isn't it?
sorry for my question, but i've never used the wiki software. it's all new for me.
:Hi Hark! For pages that you want to work on slowly, you can use sandboxes (e.g. [[User:Hark/Sandbox1]], [[User:Hark/Sandbox2]], [[User:Hark/Sandbox3]] and so on). Or you could simply press "save the page" but add <nowiki>{{underconstruction}}</nowiki> to the top of the page. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 20:26, 7 October 2013 (PDT)
::Hi, i click on saved, after putting the <nowiki>{{underconstruction}}</nowiki> and, well, i'm not able to see no more the page. was it deleted. The page was called "Donne Mancano di Intelligenza", but it seems that i lost it. strange, 'cause i remember i saw it after clicking on "save". If it possible to retrieve in some way, let me know, otherwise i will restart to translate. who knows what i did.... [[User:Hark]] ([[User talk:Hark|talk]]) 12:00, 8 October 2013 (WET)
:::hi Hark, I dont see that page on the wiki by your username or the ip address so it was not sent to the site. Right before you hit "save", its good practice to do a copy of the text (Ctrl-Insert, or Ctrl-C). If text is lost, you can then retrieve it immediately by Shift-insert or Ctrl-V. Sorry about the loss of text. For a better explanation of how to keep your text safe, see: [[Help:Contents#Saving_your_Work]] --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 03:11, 8 October 2013 (PDT)
::::I'm sorry to hear you've lost that work. It's happened to me on so many occasions and on so many sites, so I know how annoying it can be. As Axius mentioned, it's best to keep a copy before making large edits. I personally copy and paste big edits into a word file before I submit anything. I have no idea of what could have happened. There is nothing related to that page in the "recent changes". Anyways, [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Women_are_Deficient_in_Intelligence Women are Deficient in Intelligence] is a great choice. It is very a popular page. I look forward to seeing it. Thank you again for joining us! [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 06:37, 8 October 2013 (PDT)

==Translating core pages==

hi Hood, welcome. Looks like you're doing the Spanish translation of [[Islam_and_the_People_of_the_Book]]. Is that right? --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 11:20, 4 November 2013 (PST)

:Hi Axius. No, it's in italian. And i need some time for complete it, as you can see.

:Thanks for the message!

:P.S. if I have a problem with this site, can I ask to you? —The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Hood4|Hood4]] ([[User talk:Hood4|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Hood4|contribs]]) {{#if:| on {{{2}}}|}} 

::Ok. Wait though. What is the English title of the article you're doing? Is it the one I mentioned? (People of the Book) We dont recommended going Core articles first. We have a list of recommended articles here: [[WikiIslam:Translations#List_of_Articles_to_Translate]]. You can reply here and I'll check and yes you can ask me or anyone on the site for any problems you have.
::We have these 3 existing pages in Italian: [[:Category:Italiano_%28Italian%29]]. The best thing to do is to complete [[Donne_Mancano_di_Intelligenza]] or pick any of the articles in the [http://www.wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Translations#List_of_Articles_to_Translate list]. The two pages you see were also Core articles but we have updated our policies since then to specifically ask people not to do Core articles first (reasons mentioned on the List page in the [http://www.wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Translations#Articles_to_Avoid 'Articles to Avoid'] section). --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 12:17, 4 November 2013 (PST)

Ok Axius. Then I will continue to translate the already existing and incomplete italian pages (le Donne mancano di Intelligenza, etc...). By the way, yes, the article that I was translating was (Islam and the People of the Book).
So, the core articles will be translated more in the future? —The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Hood4|Hood4]] ([[User talk:Hood4|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Hood4|contribs]]) {{#if:| on {{{2}}}|}} 
:Yes, they should be translated later on when the interlinked articles have been translated. Core articles are not referenced because they are summaries of the linked articles. The recommended list lists some individual articles which cover important topics in referenced format. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 04:40, 5 November 2013 (PST)

==Qur'an and other references in Italian==

In fact, I will begin to translate the article "72 Virgins" in italian.
I think it would be more useful indeed.

I don't know a little thing...
Should I change the cite notes (if I could find them in italian) or I'd be better to leave them in english? (For example notes from the Quran, which there are translations in italian).
Should I change also the external links? —The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Hood4|Hood4]] ([[User talk:Hood4|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Hood4|contribs]]) {{#if:| on {{{2}}}|}} 
:Hi Hood4. I suppose it depends on each individual reference. For example, ref no. 1 simply cites a Qur'an verse. So assuming the Italian translation you choose is an accurate, mainstream translation like the English ones we use, there shouldn't be a problem with quoting an Italian translation of the Qur'an. At the moment, for Qur'anic references we link to the [http://www.wikiislam.net/wiki/Compendium_of_Muslim_Texts Compendium of Muslim Texts] hosted on the website of the University of Southern California. If you can find a mainstream Italian translation hosted on a scholarly site, that would be great.

:For hadith, tafsir and fatwas that may not be available in Italian, translating them and then adding (Inglese) after the title of the text being translated or the publisher name of a fatwa, would be fine. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 09:16, 5 November 2013 (PST)
::Yes, in the case of Quran quotes, if you can give us a few links for Italian translations of the Quran, we can create templates for them which can be used in place of the English templates and the Italian translations can be used (instead of translating them yourself). --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 09:30, 5 November 2013 (PST)

Hi Sahabah and Axius.

About the Quran in italian, I'm a little undecided. Because I coul use two versions. One Translated by a famous italian historic of religion and of Islam, Alessandro Bausani, though it's a little dated (the translation of 1955) it's still evaluated as very good and pertinent.
The other translation was made in 1994 by an italian convert, Hamza Piccardo, but his version was criticised by Magdi Allam (do you know him) because his commentary of the Quran promoted anti-semitism and bad wievs against Christians. Plus, he organisation in which he's involved, the UCOOI, it's a sympathizer of the Muslim Brotherhood, along with the European Council of Fatwa, headed by Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, another sympathizer of the M.B.
What should I do? Trust the Bausani's version? —The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Hood4|Hood4]] ([[User talk:Hood4|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Hood4|contribs]]) {{#if:| on {{{2}}}|}} 
:I would like the first one then. Another way is to check Wikipedia and see if they're using any Quran translations (found as direct quotes or in the references): http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corano, or [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maometto]. We ideally want a website where the URL has the surah and verse number in it. If there's just the surah, we can work with that too. For example this site has surah numbers: [http://www.sufi.it/Corano/index4.htm] --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 15:37, 5 November 2013 (PST)

Hi Axius,
I've found another site, where there's the Quran translated by Hamza Piccardo( even with the story said above, his translations are very popular among muslims), and there's also a commentary made by Robert Spencer (very critical indeed) and translated in italian. [http://www.webalice.it/pvmantel/home.html]
The surah and verse number are at the bottom of the pages, as you can see.[http://www.webalice.it/pvmantel/Commenti/Sura%202,%20La%20Vacca,%20Versetti%2040-74.html]

Could be useful? —The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Hood4|Hood4]] ([[User talk:Hood4|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Hood4|contribs]]) {{#if:| on {{{2}}}|}} 
:Hi again. In regards to the site you linked; No. Not if the site has commentary made by Robert Spencer. In regards to which translation to use; what do the majority of Italian Muslims use? [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 09:41, 6 November 2013 (PST)
::Just like to add that, based on what little we know, I'd choose the translation by Hamza Roberto Piccardo over the dated translation by Alessandro Bausani. This is because Piccardo's translation is the first Italian translation of the Qur'an by an actual Muslim. No Muslim would accept anything we had to say about Islam if we use Qur'an translations by non-Muslims. And I've also just noticed that you said Piccardo's translation is very popular among Muslims. That is exactly what we're looking for in a choice of translation. It's a no-brainer IMO. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 09:53, 6 November 2013 (PST)

Hi Sahabah,
about Hamza Piccardo's translation, I've found out in a site (a sufi internet page, in italian), which use that of Picaardo, that it's the translation more common and complete(?) of the Quran in italian. So, it could be the best choice.
No-brainer? Piccardo? —The preceding [[WikiIslam:Signatures|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Hood4|Hood4]] ([[User talk:Hood4|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Hood4|contribs]]) {{#if:| on {{{2}}}|}} 
:hi Guys, on Picardo's wikipedia page [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_Roberto_Piccardo] I found this link: http://al-quran.info/#4:12 and here is another site for Piccardo: http://tanzil.net/#trans/it.piccardo/1:1
:So if this is ok, we can use it because it has the verse and surah number which is just what we need. Unless there's another site. Its good to know one or two backups in case one URL stops working but if not, its ok. This is good.
:I made the template for the first website (it had arabic and looked nice): For example <nowiki>{{</nowiki>Corano|4|34}} produces: {{Corano|4|34}}.
:We can change this to any other website if better ones are chosen.
:Hood4, you could edit the [[Corano]] page to contain a short version of the English page (just a small paragraph for now e.g. just the "What is the Qur'an?" section for now). I copied the EN text there so its already there. There's also an Italian FFI website if you'd like to ask people to help in translation: http://www.italian.faithfreedom.org/ . Here's the contact page: http://www.italian.faithfreedom.org/commenti.php --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 19:30, 6 November 2013 (PST)

==Updates==
Hi Axius, as you can see, I've translated the article "List of Muhammad's Wife and Concubines".
The references for the italian Qur'an are good, but... I will find something less "scaring" (the arabic alphabet has a heavy impact on me), if I could... But this is also great.
The next move, will be to translate the first part of the page "the Qur'an", as you suggested to me.
:Thanks for the translation of that list article. The link for the Italian Quran page is: [[Corano]]. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 09:41, 27 December 2013 (PST)

=Russian=

==Sub-Domain & Administrators==

* http://ru.wikiislam.net/

* [[:Ru:Обсуждение_участника:Claustrum]]

==Seeing there's a fair number of articles==

Seeing there's a fair number of [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Category:Russian russian] articles, I'll try to investigate what I can do to get a russian sub-domain going (ru.wikiislam.net). There's a number of ways to do it but I want to do it in a way that's easy in regards to keeping backups, updating the software etc. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 18:51, 23 August 2012 (PDT)
:That will be great. Thank you, Axius! --[[User:Claustrum|Claustrum]] ([[User talk:Claustrum|talk]]) 22:20, 23 August 2012 (PDT)
::I should have said when I would be able to try this. Recently there's been some other site issues that I have to work on (need to check if we need to upgrade our hosting service) before I can get to this. I'm guessing it would probably take a few months before I can try this. Hopefully it will be sooner. I'll post a message here after I have any updates. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 20:45, 15 September 2012 (PDT)

==To our Russian editors: Let's organize and get this sub-domain started==

I don't know about the technical side of things, but I do know we all want to make this sub-domain a reality. There are certain things we need to get done before that can happen.

1. The most obvious thing is content. We need at least a Main Page's worth of articles to link. I've created a temporary Main Page as a starting block for the Russian sub-domain [http://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Sandbox/ru.wikiislam.net here]. The text (e.g. "Welcome to WikiIslam, the online resource on Islam that anyone can edit," etc.) needs to be translated. You then need to decide which articles you want to translate to fill up the main page. They don't have to be the same pages we have on the English one, but the layout should be similar.

2. Our [[:Category:WikiIslam policies and guidelines|policies and guidelines]] and other important pages need to be translated, and an administrator (preferably an existing Russian speaking editor) needs to be chosen. Other important pages include [[WikiIslam:Join Our Team]] and [[WikiIslam]]. The future admin(s) needs to be dedicated to the wiki and need to check in every day to sort through edits. WikiIslam is NOT a nationalist or partisan site. We will ''never'' allow articles criticizing immigration, multiculturalism, homosexuality, left/right politics, etc. The admin(s) will need to ensure that this is reflected in the Russian sub-domain. --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]])

:I suppose that the idea of creating a Russian subdomain is great.
:About main page for Russian subdomain.
:At the first time I suppose we can use a simple main page [[Статьи на русском языке - Articles in Russian|like this]]. We still need to translate in at least one article from the main topics (Apostasy, Islamic Persecution, Jihad, Terrorism, The Origins and the Chronological Order of the Qur'an and etc). After that, I suppose it will be possible to reorganize the main page for the Russian subdomain. But now I think it will be enough simple page. Many empty stub pages will only create problems for users to navigate.
:About the group's policy.
:I'm totally agree with the administration. We will translate existing English pages from WikiIslam and maybe some articles from www.faithfreedom.org and www.raymondibrahim.com -- [[User:Rustam|Rustam]] ([[User talk:Rustam|talk]])

::Creating a sub-domain is a big step for WikiIslam, so I think it's imperative that we have a substantial Main Page before proceeding. We need to know that our Russian members are very serious about building and maintaining it. Regarding stubs or red links, I don't think this is a problem because we don't have to include them in pages from the beginning. They can be added as the site grows and as the pages are translated. Some articles from FFI and RI are fine, but we have to be careful. Many of the articles on FFI are political and RI is a Christian (not a problem in itself, but his articles may not meet WikiIslam's guidelines concerning the promotion of other faiths). --[[User:Admin3|Admin3]] ([[User talk:Admin3|talk]])
:::hi guys, here's a small tech update about the sub-domain. A few days ago I made a quick attempt to start a test sub-domain but it didn't work. It will probably take some work to get it running. The server we moved to recently is fine for now it may not be good enough for us in the long-term and even in the near future (in case of big traffic spikes). I want to first fine tune the site (performance wise) on the current server and then I want to try to find a good dedicated server. When we move to that server I'll work on starting the russian sub-domain. On that server we'll (hopefully) have no problems with traffic loads. At least right now we're not in a hurry to move to a server and I can take my time to fine tune the site here and then find another server setup. I also need to work on some custom extensions we have and make them ready for the russian language site. But yea while there's additional editing being done and making the RU content ready, I'll be working on the tech side in the background. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 18:02, 9 November 2012 (PST)
Sahabah(admin3) had the suggestion that I could try making the Russian logo and see how it looked. Here it is: [http://i.imgur.com/yQGfm.jpg]. Is it right? Let me know if I should change anything. The sub-domain is still most likely a few months away as I plan to do another server move (to a dedicated server). --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 17:27, 14 November 2012 (PST)
:I think the second line must be changed to «интернет-ресурс об Исламе». — [[User:Claustrum|Claustrum]] ([[User talk:Claustrum|talk]]) 18:44, 14 November 2012 (PST)
::Here it is: [http://i.imgur.com/qHr2v.jpg]. I assumed the enclosing characters should be included. Let me know if its not readable and I can increase the font size and take it to two lines. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 20:02, 14 November 2012 (PST)
:::I think it will be better if you will apply Tahoma font to the second line. Also enclosing characters should be removed. — [[User:Claustrum|Claustrum]] ([[User talk:Claustrum|talk]]) 20:43, 14 November 2012 (PST)
::::Yea that font looks more readable, thanks, here you go: [http://i.imgur.com/tfNSc.jpg]. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 20:52, 14 November 2012 (PST)

==Next steps==
I'm using this space as an initial 'to do' list for the next steps. This is after we get http://ru.wikiislam.net working (currently its http://www.wikiislam.ru):
# For now change link at left to go to the new RU site - Done
# On each set of pages that have things in both languages, make interwiki links like they have on Wikipedia (this needs software/database work to make it work). This is done by writing something like <nowiki>[[fy:Noard-Korea]]</nowiki>. These interwiki links just have utility for editors, not for readers. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-party_state Sample wikipedia page with interwiki links at left]. Looks like Claustrum already has it working for the RU site, e.g. [http://wikiislam.ru/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit] (see edit code at bottom and link on left of the page [http://wikiislam.ru/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0]) - Done
# After the above step is done, delete link at left of this site that goes to the RU page. This is the same link talked in #1.
# Delete RU articles on this english site: http://wikiislam.net/wiki/Category:Russian
# Now that the link in #1 is gone, ideally I'd like this: at the bottom of every page (for every language), have links to the main pages of all language sites. This doesnt take up much space and can just consist of one line. This is not only useful for the reader but it also makes us look good. This is what we have in #3 right now, but after the interwiki links, the two 'language' links will be confusing. We need to make lang links for specific articles which have translations available. But we also want to have links to the main pages of all lang sites. These links can be at the bottom. in the footer area. That can look like: Visit our other sub-domains: Russian | French (so on) . These will be linked to the main pages of each sub-domain. This feature is not present on Wikipedia, but I think its a good idea. People need to know in a non-intrusive way that we have sub-domains and we give them an easy way to visit back and forth. This is also a useful link for editors/admins.

Since we just have the Russian sub-domain, some steps can be postponed or modified. The above are just suggestions. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 18:20, 12 February 2013 (PST)
:Claustrum enabled the RU site, and the interwiki links from our site (like how I did [http://wikiislam.net/w/index.php?title=72_Virgins&curid=6106&diff=81849&oldid=80456 here] for the 72 virgin article).
:I cant say enough about how amazed and relieved I am at how this has worked out so easily for us, all because of Claustrum. Thanks again.
::Yes. Claustrum, well done! When the existing Russian translations are exported over to ru.wikiislam and the important policies/guidelines/help pages are translated, I was thinking we could add a link to the top of the main page like this: [http://oi47.tinypic.com/vxhqw.jpg] What do you guys think? Until then, Claustrum, could you add a notice in Russian at the top of [[Статьи_на_русском_языке_-_Articles_in_Russian |this page]], inviting Russian speakers to help get ru.wikiislam out of its preliminary state? [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 18:57, 13 February 2013 (PST)
:::I've also just added a note to the [[WikiIslam:Translations#Updates|Translations]] page, letting Russian readers know to contact you if they're interested in becoming editors. I hope this is okay with you. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 19:29, 13 February 2013 (PST)
::::LOL. I tried to join the Russian WikiIslam in case I had some spare time and could help out, but I couldn't even figure out the captcha so I gave up. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 05:58, 17 February 2013 (PST)
:::::Good idea. I just registered there now. The captcha answer is: OTSNP9. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 06:37, 17 February 2013 (PST)
::::::Cool. Thanks! [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 06:41, 17 February 2013 (PST)
:::About the Axius' picture: it's unnecessary because there will be always interwiki links on the sidebar.
:::I gave you both admin and bureaucrat rights on the Russian site. ''— [[User:Claustrum|Claustrum]]'' '''[[User talk:Claustrum|ϟ]]''' 12:10, 17 February 2013 (PST)
::::Thanks Claustrum! Sahabah, I missed that diagram. I'm ok with that link either way. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 14:51, 17 February 2013 (PST)
:::::Great. I think it should definitely be there. It's WikiIslam's first sub-domain so should be acknowledged on the main page. The example given above is a nice and neat way of doing that without messing with the main page's layout. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 00:45, 18 February 2013 (PST)

I think we can do this now for the RU site: The red links should be taken out of the [[:ru:%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0|main page]] ([http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://ru.wikiislam.net/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B0&usg=ALkJrhi-odkA1KG8q8oiNytTr-2SeaSUcA translation]) and let people start coming in and discover the site. There may not be too much content but the advantage that we need to think about is attracting more editors who may help out in growing the site further. So I suggest opening the site up, linking it on the left, and doing the redirects from [[%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5_-_Articles_in_Russian|here]] to their site, etc.-

Any thoughts from Claustrum, Vadim and Rustum? I'll leave a mesg for them on their site. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 20:19, 17 April 2013 (PDT)

:Some of the red links already have completed articles here, but haven't been moved over yet for some reason or another.[[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 18:01, 18 April 2013 (PDT)

== Articles on RU site not available here ==

Never thought about this happening e.g. [http://ru.wikiislam.net/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B], [http://ru.wikiislam.net/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81], [http://ru.wikiislam.net/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B]. It's a shame we don't have English translations of them :( I only had a quick look and found them. I'm sure Claustrum and our Russian editors have created a lot more new content.[[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 02:38, 10 August 2013 (PDT)
:Thats great. Articles look great too. I guess that goes in our long To do list. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 04:25, 10 August 2013 (PDT)

==Islam and science==
RU version of [http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://ru.wikiislam.net/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2581%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2583%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0&usg=ALkJrhivqHLWYWvJRTYNTxAtRqmSjE0f_A Islam and Science] looks great. Nice work Claustrum. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User talk:Axius|talk]]) 16:31, 16 October 2013 (PDT)
:Yeah, it's a completely different approach to the English one, but it's looking awesome.[[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 17:15, 16 October 2013 (PDT)

=Spanish=

==Categories & Incomplete Translations==

*[[:Category:Español (Spanish)]] & [[:Category:Spanish Templates]]

==New translations==

I'm helping to translate some articles like [[La Revelación de la Hijab]] and [[Preguntas sobre el Islam]] (Questions to Ask About Islam) and more, still on progress :) [[User:Aelu|Aelu]] ([[User talk:Aelu|talk]]) 13:12, 4 December 2014 (PST)
:Hi Aelu. Welcome to WikiIslam and thanks for deciding to translate for us. I have a couple of points/suggestions though:

:1. Please stick to translating 1 article at a time. There is no point in having multiple unfinished translations at the same time. Finish 1 and then move on to the next one of your choice.

:2. You have picked some rather long pages to translate. If a translation will take more than a day to complete, you should move them into sandbox pages. And you should always remember to add the <nowiki>{{incompletetranslations}}</nowiki> template at the top of each page.

:3. Have you read the "[[WikiIslam:Instructions for Translators]]" page yet? I would suggest that you do. It should make the whole process a lot easier.

:Let me or Axius know if you have any questions or problems. Thanks again! [[User:Sahab|--Sahab]] ([[User talk:Sahab|talk]]) 00:57, 5 December 2014 (PST)

::Sorry, I wasn't aware of that. I moved [[WikiIslam:Sandbox/Respuestas_a_la_apologética:_Muhammad_y_Aisha|this article]] to sandbox but not the other two I mencioned because Edit Monitor blocked me. Thanks anyway [[User:Aelu|Aelu]] ([[User talk:Aelu|talk]]) 07:44, 5 December 2014 (PST)
:::hi Aelu, I upgraded your rights so you can move pages in the future and I moved the other pages to the desired titles: [[WikiIslam:Sandbox/La_Revelaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Hijab]] and [[WikiIslam:Sandbox/Preguntas_sobre_el_Islam]]. --[[User:Axius|Axius]] ([[User_talk:Axius|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/Axius|contribs]]) 10:48, 5 December 2014 (PST)
::::Thank you so much. I'll keep working there[[User:Aelu|Aelu]] ([[User talk:Aelu|talk]]) 12:48, 5 December 2014 (PST)
:::::This is a very interesting project. I'm an editor from Spanish Wikipedia, i used to be a sysop over there so i'm pretty familiar with the wiki system. I'm looking forward to contribute and translate some articles into Spanish. Greetings.--[[User:Jcaraballo|Jcaraballo]] ([[User talk:Jcaraballo|talk]]) 18:41, 18 May 2015 (PDT)

=Turkish=

==Categories & Incomplete Translations==

*[[:Category:Türkçe (Turkish)]] & [[:Category:Turkish Templates]]

==Started translating==

I have started with translating [[Sex Segregation in Islam]] to Turkish under the name [[İslamda Cinsel Ayrımcılık]]. I'll be adding more translations in the future. Translations of some of the hadiths are taken from external sites, which are not in any way educational institutions such as universities, yet are devoted islamic foundations or trusted interpretors(tafsirists?). How should i cite them? [[User:Altarbey|Altarbey]] ([[User talk:Altarbey|talk]]) 14:42, 3 March 2013 (PST)

:Hi Altarbey and welcome to WikiIslam! Thanks a lot for the translation. Regarding how to cite Islamic references that do not lead to the USC-MSA site, just follow whatever pattern is on that page. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 14:55, 3 March 2013 (PST)

=Uzbek=

==Categories & Incomplete Translations==
*[[:Category:Özbekcha (Uzbek)]] & [[:Category:Uzbek Templates]]
*An incomplete translation of [[Flat Earth and the Quran|Flat Earth and the Qur'an]] can be viewed here: [[Yassi Yer va Quron]]. Uzbek speaking editors/readers are welcome to help complete it.

== Uzbek hub ==

Many thanks for mentioning Özbekcha on sidebar and creating Uzbek hub page. With at least [http://kun.uz/2013/09/28/odkl-2/ 1,5 million] Uzbeks online daily, Uzbek language is a must-have for WikiIslam. I hope more and more people will join in. [[User:Shrimp|Shrimp]] ([[User talk:Shrimp|talk]]) 05:15, 9 October 2013 (PDT)
:You're welcome. Yes, it would be great if we could get enough translations to open up a dedicated Uzbek WikiIslam sub-domain. We usually require about a front page's worth of translations (about 25-35 articles) and at least one regular and reliable editor before we move onto that. The reason why we like accurate translations to begin with is because it allows new editors in that particular language to understand the style, tone, quality, etc. that we expect in all languages. It also allows us to see if there are any users who would be suitable and willing to take on the responsibility of guiding the future direction of that sub-domain. Although our core principles will remain (no bigotry, politics, other religions or worldviews, etc.), once the initial translations are done, the new sub-domains are free to evolve separately to the English part. Our Russian sub-domain is doing great at the moment. It makes up an impressive percentage of readers. We were also expecting a French sub-domain because we have quite a few articles in that language, but unfortunately there was no one reliable to administer the site. [[User:Sahabah|--Sahabah]] ([[User talk:Sahabah|talk]]) 05:33, 9 October 2013 (PDT)