Child Marriage in the Qur'an - Revision history

Lightyears: Automated script replacing USC-MSA hadith numbering system for Bukhari, Muslim, and Abu Dawud

2025-11-11T21:53:43Z

Automated script replacing USC-MSA hadith numbering system for Bukhari, Muslim, and Abu Dawud

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:53, 11 November 2025
Line 235:		Line 235:
	From Sahih Muslim:		From Sahih Muslim:

	{{Quote\|Capter heading for {{Muslim\|8\|~~3309~~}} to {{Muslim\|8\|~~3311~~}}\|Chapter 10: It is permissible for the father to give the hand of his daughter in marriage '''even when she is not fully grown''' up.}}		{{Quote\|Capter heading for {{Muslim\|\|1422a\|reference}} to {{Muslim\|\|1422c\|reference}}\|Chapter 10: It is permissible for the father to give the hand of his daughter in marriage '''even when she is not fully grown''' up.}}

Lightyears at 21:30, 19 May 2025

2025-05-19T21:30:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:30, 19 May 2025
Line 8:		Line 8:
	{{QualityScore\|Lead=4\|Structure=3\|Content=3\|Language=4\|References=2}}		{{QualityScore\|Lead=4\|Structure=3\|Content=3\|Language=4\|References=2}}
	[[File:Women protesters.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|March 23, 2010: Women protesters hold up copies of the Qur'an outside parliament in Sanaa while stating that a proposed law banning marriages under the age of 17 in Yemen is un-Islamic<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88589 YEMEN: Deep divisions over child brides] - IRIN, March 28, 2010</ref>]]		[[File:Women protesters.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|March 23, 2010: Women protesters hold up copies of the Qur'an outside parliament in Sanaa while stating that a proposed law banning marriages under the age of 17 in Yemen is un-Islamic<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88589 YEMEN: Deep divisions over child brides] - IRIN, March 28, 2010</ref>]]
	The subject of child marriage per se never arises in the Qur'an. Yet scholars were more or less unanimous that the Qur'an deals indirectly with the topic. The Qur'an lays down strict rules for how long a woman must wait in between the end of one marriage and the beginning of another. The purpose of this in a pre-modern, patriarchal society was to ensure that a woman would not marry a new man while pregnant from her last husband and impute fathership of her baby to the wrong husband. Pursuant to these rules {{Quran\|2\|228}} stipulates a waiting period ([['Iddah\|'Iddah]]) of 3 months after divorce, while {{Quran\|33\|49}} states that no waiting period is prescribed for a woman who has ''not'' had intimate contact with her husband. However, the Quran also clarifies a number of other scenarios in verse {{Quran\|65\|4}}, including that there is also a 3 month waiting period for "those who have not menstruated".		The subject of child marriage per se never arises in the Qur'an and Muslims are commonly unaware of its relevance to the religion. Yet scholars were more or less unanimous that the Qur'an deals indirectly with the topic. The Qur'an lays down strict rules for how long a woman must wait in between the end of one marriage and the beginning of another. The purpose of this in a pre-modern, patriarchal society was to ensure that a woman would not marry a new man while pregnant from her last husband and impute fathership of her baby to the wrong husband. Pursuant to these rules {{Quran\|2\|228}} stipulates a waiting period ([['Iddah\|'Iddah]]) of 3 months after divorce, while {{Quran\|33\|49}} states that no waiting period is prescribed for a woman who has ''not'' had intimate contact with her husband. However, the Quran also clarifies a number of other scenarios in verse {{Quran\|65\|4}}, including that there is also a 3 month waiting period for "those who have not menstruated".

	This has been interpreted in the Islamic tradition to mean that the [[Qur'an]] supports marrying prepubescent girls. Jurists were unanimous that a father could contract his child in marriage at any age, while the family was to hand over the daughter to her husband for consummation when she could physically tolerate intercourse without physical harm (see [[Child Marriage in Islamic Law]]). Some Quran commentators and modernist Muslims mention opinions that {{Quran\|65\|4}} may refer rather to women whose menstruation has been interrupted (for example, due to illness) and interpret the Quran as sanctioning marriage only with those who have reached puberty.		This has been interpreted in the Islamic tradition to mean that the [[Qur'an]] supports marrying prepubescent girls. Jurists were unanimous that a father could contract his child in marriage at any age, while the family was to hand over the daughter to her husband for consummation when she could physically tolerate intercourse without physical harm (see [[Child Marriage in Islamic Law]]). Some Quran commentators and modernist Muslims mention opinions that {{Quran\|65\|4}} may refer rather to women whose menstruation has been interrupted (for example, due to illness) and interpret the Quran as sanctioning marriage only with those who have reached puberty.

	Today, [[w:Marriageable_age\|many modern Muslim countries]] have legislated to raise the minimum age of marriage, in many cases to the age of 16 or 18 for girls (though often with loopholes or with ineffective enforcement) and to prevent forced marriage, often in the face of opposition from Islamic scholars. Many Muslim campaign groups and charities have been involved in this process and continue to offer help to those at risk (see the article [[Forced Marriage]] which includes sources of help).<ref>For example [https://www.mwnuk.co.uk/Forced_Marriage_7_factsheets.php Muslim Women's Network UK] and [https://preventforcedmarriage.org/forced-marriage-overseas-pakistan/ Tahirih Justice Center Forced Marriage Initiative]</ref> In collaboration with activists, in 2019 the deputy Grand Mufti of al-Azhar University in Cairo issued a fatwa calling for marriage based on mutual consent with a minimum age set as 18.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/jun/21/senior-islamic-cleric-issues-fatwa-against-child-marriage Senior Islamic cleric issues fatwa against child marriage] - Guardian.com</ref> Unicef say that the prevalence of child marriages are decreasing globally but are nevetheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).		Today, [[w:Marriageable_age\|many modern Muslim countries]] have legislated to raise the minimum age of marriage, in many cases to the age of 16 or 18 for girls (though often with loopholes or with ineffective enforcement) and to prevent forced marriage, often in the face of opposition (though sometimes support) from Islamic scholars. Many Muslim campaign groups and charities have been involved in this reform process and continue to offer help to those at risk (see the article [[Forced Marriage]] which includes sources of help).<ref>For example [https://www.mwnuk.co.uk/Forced_Marriage_7_factsheets.php Muslim Women's Network UK] and [https://preventforcedmarriage.org/forced-marriage-overseas-pakistan/ Tahirih Justice Center Forced Marriage Initiative]</ref> In collaboration with activists, in 2019 the deputy Grand Mufti of al-Azhar University in Cairo issued a fatwa calling for marriage based on mutual consent with a minimum age set as 18.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/jun/21/senior-islamic-cleric-issues-fatwa-against-child-marriage Senior Islamic cleric issues fatwa against child marriage] - Guardian.com</ref> Unicef say that the prevalence of child marriages are decreasing globally but are nevetheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).

	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
Line 471:		Line 471:
	One point of focus for modern commentators, seeking to defend the Qur'an from the charge of endorsing pedophilia, is that 65:4 does not explicitly discuss consummation or other sexual activity in regards to any of the females discussed in the verse; it merely sets the prescribed 'Iddah required for each.<ref>{{Cite web\| title = Quran 65:4 – The Child Marriage Claim\| author = \| work = Discover The Truth\| date = \| access-date = 6 January 2022\| url = https://discover-the-truth.com/2016/03/12/quran-654-the-child-marriage-claim/\| quote = }}</ref>		One point of focus for modern commentators, seeking to defend the Qur'an from the charge of endorsing pedophilia, is that 65:4 does not explicitly discuss consummation or other sexual activity in regards to any of the females discussed in the verse; it merely sets the prescribed 'Iddah required for each.<ref>{{Cite web\| title = Quran 65:4 – The Child Marriage Claim\| author = \| work = Discover The Truth\| date = \| access-date = 6 January 2022\| url = https://discover-the-truth.com/2016/03/12/quran-654-the-child-marriage-claim/\| quote = }}</ref>

	Critics point out that the 'iddah (prescribed waiting period) for females is required after a divorce or widowing ({{Quran\|2\|228}), so that a child's father can be correctly identified. In addition to multiple tafsir and hadith traditions on 65:4, this is also established in Qur'an 33:49:		Critics point out that the 'iddah (prescribed waiting period) for females is required after a divorce or widowing ({{Quran\|2\|228}}), so that a child's father can be correctly identified. In addition to multiple tafsir and hadith traditions on 65:4, this is also established in Qur'an 33:49:

	<br />		<br />

Asmith at 02:00, 17 May 2025

2025-05-17T02:00:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:00, 17 May 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{#seo:
			\|title=Child Marriage in the Qur'an
			\|title_mode={{{title_mode\|}}}
			\|keywords={{{keywords\|}}}
			\|description={{{description\|}}}
			\|image=Women protesters.jpg
			}}
	{{QualityScore\|Lead=4\|Structure=3\|Content=3\|Language=4\|References=2}}		{{QualityScore\|Lead=4\|Structure=3\|Content=3\|Language=4\|References=2}}
	[[File:Women protesters.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|March 23, 2010: Women protesters hold up copies of the Qur'an outside parliament in Sanaa while stating that a proposed law banning marriages under the age of 17 in Yemen is un-Islamic<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88589 YEMEN: Deep divisions over child brides] - IRIN, March 28, 2010</ref>]]		[[File:Women protesters.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|March 23, 2010: Women protesters hold up copies of the Qur'an outside parliament in Sanaa while stating that a proposed law banning marriages under the age of 17 in Yemen is un-Islamic<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88589 YEMEN: Deep divisions over child brides] - IRIN, March 28, 2010</ref>]]

Asmith at 01:59, 17 May 2025

2025-05-17T01:59:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:59, 17 May 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{QualityScore\|Lead=4\|Structure=3\|Content=3\|Language=4\|References=2}}		{{QualityScore\|Lead=4\|Structure=3\|Content=3\|Language=4\|References=2}}
			[[File:Women protesters.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|March 23, 2010: Women protesters hold up copies of the Qur'an outside parliament in Sanaa while stating that a proposed law banning marriages under the age of 17 in Yemen is un-Islamic<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88589 YEMEN: Deep divisions over child brides] - IRIN, March 28, 2010</ref>]]
	The subject of child marriage per se never arises in the Qur'an. Yet scholars were more or less unanimous that the Qur'an deals indirectly with the topic. The Qur'an lays down strict rules for how long a woman must wait in between the end of one marriage and the beginning of another. The purpose of this in a pre-modern, patriarchal society was to ensure that a woman would not marry a new man while pregnant from her last husband and impute fathership of her baby to the wrong husband. Pursuant to these rules {{Quran\|2\|228}} stipulates a waiting period ([['Iddah\|'Iddah]]) of 3 months after divorce, while {{Quran\|33\|49}} states that no waiting period is prescribed for a woman who has ''not'' had intimate contact with her husband. However, the Quran also clarifies a number of other scenarios in verse {{Quran\|65\|4}}, including that there is also a 3 month waiting period for "those who have not menstruated".		The subject of child marriage per se never arises in the Qur'an. Yet scholars were more or less unanimous that the Qur'an deals indirectly with the topic. The Qur'an lays down strict rules for how long a woman must wait in between the end of one marriage and the beginning of another. The purpose of this in a pre-modern, patriarchal society was to ensure that a woman would not marry a new man while pregnant from her last husband and impute fathership of her baby to the wrong husband. Pursuant to these rules {{Quran\|2\|228}} stipulates a waiting period ([['Iddah\|'Iddah]]) of 3 months after divorce, while {{Quran\|33\|49}} states that no waiting period is prescribed for a woman who has ''not'' had intimate contact with her husband. However, the Quran also clarifies a number of other scenarios in verse {{Quran\|65\|4}}, including that there is also a 3 month waiting period for "those who have not menstruated".

Line 6:		Line 6:

	Today, [[w:Marriageable_age\|many modern Muslim countries]] have legislated to raise the minimum age of marriage, in many cases to the age of 16 or 18 for girls (though often with loopholes or with ineffective enforcement) and to prevent forced marriage, often in the face of opposition from Islamic scholars. Many Muslim campaign groups and charities have been involved in this process and continue to offer help to those at risk (see the article [[Forced Marriage]] which includes sources of help).<ref>For example [https://www.mwnuk.co.uk/Forced_Marriage_7_factsheets.php Muslim Women's Network UK] and [https://preventforcedmarriage.org/forced-marriage-overseas-pakistan/ Tahirih Justice Center Forced Marriage Initiative]</ref> In collaboration with activists, in 2019 the deputy Grand Mufti of al-Azhar University in Cairo issued a fatwa calling for marriage based on mutual consent with a minimum age set as 18.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/jun/21/senior-islamic-cleric-issues-fatwa-against-child-marriage Senior Islamic cleric issues fatwa against child marriage] - Guardian.com</ref> Unicef say that the prevalence of child marriages are decreasing globally but are nevetheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).		Today, [[w:Marriageable_age\|many modern Muslim countries]] have legislated to raise the minimum age of marriage, in many cases to the age of 16 or 18 for girls (though often with loopholes or with ineffective enforcement) and to prevent forced marriage, often in the face of opposition from Islamic scholars. Many Muslim campaign groups and charities have been involved in this process and continue to offer help to those at risk (see the article [[Forced Marriage]] which includes sources of help).<ref>For example [https://www.mwnuk.co.uk/Forced_Marriage_7_factsheets.php Muslim Women's Network UK] and [https://preventforcedmarriage.org/forced-marriage-overseas-pakistan/ Tahirih Justice Center Forced Marriage Initiative]</ref> In collaboration with activists, in 2019 the deputy Grand Mufti of al-Azhar University in Cairo issued a fatwa calling for marriage based on mutual consent with a minimum age set as 18.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/jun/21/senior-islamic-cleric-issues-fatwa-against-child-marriage Senior Islamic cleric issues fatwa against child marriage] - Guardian.com</ref> Unicef say that the prevalence of child marriages are decreasing globally but are nevetheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).
	[[File:Women protesters.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|March 23, 2010: Women protesters hold up copies of the Qur'an outside parliament in Sanaa while stating that a proposed law banning marriages under the age of 17 in Yemen is un-Islamic<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88589 YEMEN: Deep divisions over child brides] - IRIN, March 28, 2010</ref>]]
	==Introduction==		==Introduction==

Asmith at 02:07, 7 July 2024

2024-07-07T02:07:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:07, 7 July 2024
Line 581:		Line 581:
	[[Category:Apologetics]]		[[Category:Apologetics]]
	[[Category:Tafsir]]		[[Category:Tafsir]]
			[[fr:Pedophilie dans le Coran]]

Lightyears at 19:06, 27 January 2023

2023-01-27T19:06:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:06, 27 January 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{QualityScore\|Lead=4\|Structure=3\|Content=3\|Language=4\|References=2}}		{{QualityScore\|Lead=4\|Structure=3\|Content=3\|Language=4\|References=2}}

	The subject of child marriage per se never arises in the Qur'an. Yet scholars were more or less unanimous that the Qur'an deals indirectly with the topic. The Qur'an lays down strict rules for how long a woman must wait in between the end of one marriage and the beginning of another. The purpose of this in a pre-modern, patriarchal society was to ensure that a woman would not marry a new man while pregnant from her last husband and impute fathership of her baby to the wrong husband. Pursuant to these rules {{Quran\|2\|228}} stipulates a waiting period ([['Iddah\|'Iddah]]) of 3 months after divorce, while {{Quran\|33\|49}} states that no waiting period is prescribed for a woman who has ''not'' had intimate contact with her husband. However, the Quran also clarifies a number of other scenarios in verse {{Quran\|65\|4}}, including that there is also a 3 month waiting period for "those who have not menstruated". This has been interpreted in the ~~Muslim~~ tradition to mean that the [[Qur'an]] supports marrying prepubescent girls. Jurists were unanimous that a father could contract his child in marriage at any age, while the family was to hand over the daughter to her husband for consummation when she could physically tolerate intercourse without physical harm (see [[Child Marriage in Islamic Law]]). Some Quran commentators and modernist Muslims mention opinions that {{Quran\|65\|4}} may refer rather to women whose menstruation has been interrupted (for example, due to illness) and interpret the Quran as sanctioning marriage only with those who have reached puberty.		The subject of child marriage per se never arises in the Qur'an. Yet scholars were more or less unanimous that the Qur'an deals indirectly with the topic. The Qur'an lays down strict rules for how long a woman must wait in between the end of one marriage and the beginning of another. The purpose of this in a pre-modern, patriarchal society was to ensure that a woman would not marry a new man while pregnant from her last husband and impute fathership of her baby to the wrong husband. Pursuant to these rules {{Quran\|2\|228}} stipulates a waiting period ([['Iddah\|'Iddah]]) of 3 months after divorce, while {{Quran\|33\|49}} states that no waiting period is prescribed for a woman who has ''not'' had intimate contact with her husband. However, the Quran also clarifies a number of other scenarios in verse {{Quran\|65\|4}}, including that there is also a 3 month waiting period for "those who have not menstruated".

			This has been interpreted in the Islamic tradition to mean that the [[Qur'an]] supports marrying prepubescent girls. Jurists were unanimous that a father could contract his child in marriage at any age, while the family was to hand over the daughter to her husband for consummation when she could physically tolerate intercourse without physical harm (see [[Child Marriage in Islamic Law]]). Some Quran commentators and modernist Muslims mention opinions that {{Quran\|65\|4}} may refer rather to women whose menstruation has been interrupted (for example, due to illness) and interpret the Quran as sanctioning marriage only with those who have reached puberty.

	Today, [[w:Marriageable_age\|many modern Muslim countries]] have legislated to raise the minimum age of marriage, in many cases to the age of 16 or 18 for girls (though often with loopholes or with ineffective enforcement) and to prevent forced marriage, often in the face of opposition from Islamic scholars. Many Muslim campaign groups and charities have been involved in this process and continue to offer help to those at risk (see the article [[Forced Marriage]] which includes sources of help).<ref>For example [https://www.mwnuk.co.uk/Forced_Marriage_7_factsheets.php Muslim Women's Network UK] and [https://preventforcedmarriage.org/forced-marriage-overseas-pakistan/ Tahirih Justice Center Forced Marriage Initiative]</ref> In collaboration with activists, in 2019 the deputy Grand Mufti of al-Azhar University in Cairo issued a fatwa calling for marriage based on mutual consent with a minimum age set as 18.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/jun/21/senior-islamic-cleric-issues-fatwa-against-child-marriage Senior Islamic cleric issues fatwa against child marriage] - Guardian.com</ref> Unicef say that the prevalence of child marriages are decreasing globally but are nevetheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).		Today, [[w:Marriageable_age\|many modern Muslim countries]] have legislated to raise the minimum age of marriage, in many cases to the age of 16 or 18 for girls (though often with loopholes or with ineffective enforcement) and to prevent forced marriage, often in the face of opposition from Islamic scholars. Many Muslim campaign groups and charities have been involved in this process and continue to offer help to those at risk (see the article [[Forced Marriage]] which includes sources of help).<ref>For example [https://www.mwnuk.co.uk/Forced_Marriage_7_factsheets.php Muslim Women's Network UK] and [https://preventforcedmarriage.org/forced-marriage-overseas-pakistan/ Tahirih Justice Center Forced Marriage Initiative]</ref> In collaboration with activists, in 2019 the deputy Grand Mufti of al-Azhar University in Cairo issued a fatwa calling for marriage based on mutual consent with a minimum age set as 18.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/jun/21/senior-islamic-cleric-issues-fatwa-against-child-marriage Senior Islamic cleric issues fatwa against child marriage] - Guardian.com</ref> Unicef say that the prevalence of child marriages are decreasing globally but are nevetheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).
Line 106:		Line 108:
	==Tafsirs of the Verse==		==Tafsirs of the Verse==

	The classical tafsirs are unanimous that {{Quran\|65\|4}} prescribes the 'iddah for a pre-pubscent girl. Although not spelled out explicitly in the verse itself, this meaning is clearly the one that was taken away by the orthodox Sunni muslim exegetical tradition. It must be noted that while ~~supporting~~ this interpretation, al-Tabari and al-Qurtubi also include opinions that it refers to women whose normal menstruation is interrupted (see [[Child Marriage in Islamic Law]]). For example, al-Qurtubi cites the companion Mujahid, though see also the hadith quoted from Sahih al-Bukhari below where Mujahid gives the traditional interpretation. The alternative interpretation is also advocated by Islamic modernists and is discussed in the section on modern views below.		The classical tafsirs are essentially unanimous that {{Quran\|65\|4}} prescribes the 'iddah for a pre-pubscent girl. Although not spelled out explicitly in the verse itself, this meaning is clearly the one that was taken away by the orthodox Sunni muslim exegetical tradition. It must be noted that while mentioning this interpretation, al-Tabari and al-Qurtubi also include opinions that it refers to women whose normal menstruation is interrupted (see [[Child Marriage in Islamic Law]]). For example, al-Qurtubi cites the companion Mujahid, though see also the hadith quoted from Sahih al-Bukhari below where Mujahid gives the traditional interpretation. The alternative interpretation is also advocated by Islamic modernists and is discussed in the section on modern views below.

			Besides the tafsirs quoted below, a large set of translated quotes from various well known exegetical and jurist texts relating to these matters is also available online.<ref>[https://theislamissue.wordpress.com/2021/09/19/q65-4-the-verse-of-child-marriage/ Q65.4: The verse of child marriage]</ref>

	===Modern Tafsirs===		===Modern Tafsirs===
Line 170:		Line 174:
	}}		}}

	"And for those who haven't menstruated" means: The same applies to the Iddah for girls who do not menstruate because they are too young, if their husbands divorce them after consummating the marriage with them.}}		"And for those who haven't menstruated" means: The same applies to the Iddah for girls who do not menstruate because they are too young, if their husbands divorce them after consummating the marriage with them.<ref>Al-Tabari's tafsir for Q. 65:4 translated by Islamqa.info [https://islamqa.info/en/answers/12708/is-it-acceptable-to-marry-a-girl-who-has-not-yet-started-her-menses Is it acceptable to marry a girl who has not yet started her menses?]</ref>}}

Lightyears: Updating in line with the related articles + improved language and mention of contrary views (structure still a bit of a mess)

2023-01-26T02:19:15Z

Updating in line with the related articles + improved language and mention of contrary views (structure still a bit of a mess)

Show changes

Iarabi at 23:54, 11 April 2022

2022-04-11T23:54:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:54, 11 April 2022
Line 139:		Line 139:
	====Ibn Kathir (d.1373 AD), whose interpretation of the Quran is the most popular in the Muslim world, says:====		====Ibn Kathir (d.1373 AD), whose interpretation of the Quran is the most popular in the Muslim world, says:====

	{{quote \|1=~~Tafsīr~~ Ibn ~~Kathīr~~, ~~Dār Ṭaybah~~, vol.8 p.149 \|2= يَقُولُ تَعَالَى مُبَيِّنًا لِعِدَّةِ الْآيِسَةِ -وَهِيَ الَّتِي قَدِ انْقَطَعَ عَنْهَا الْحَيْضُ لِكِبَرِهَا-: أَنَّهَا ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ، عِوَضًا عَنِ الثَّلَاثَةِ قُرُوءٍ فِي حَقِّ مَنْ تَحِيضُ، كَمَا دَلَّتْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ آيَةُ "الْبَقَرَةِ" وَكَذَا الصِّغَارُ اللَّائِي لَمْ يَبْلُغْنَ سِنَّ الْحَيْضِ أَنَّ عِدَّتَهُنَّ كَعِدَّةِ الْآيِسَةِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ؛ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ: {وَاللائِي ‌لَمْ ‌يَحِضْنَ}		{{quote \|1=Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Dar Taybah, vol.8 p.149 \|2= يَقُولُ تَعَالَى مُبَيِّنًا لِعِدَّةِ الْآيِسَةِ -وَهِيَ الَّتِي قَدِ انْقَطَعَ عَنْهَا الْحَيْضُ لِكِبَرِهَا-: أَنَّهَا ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ، عِوَضًا عَنِ الثَّلَاثَةِ قُرُوءٍ فِي حَقِّ مَنْ تَحِيضُ، كَمَا دَلَّتْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ آيَةُ "الْبَقَرَةِ" وَكَذَا الصِّغَارُ اللَّائِي لَمْ يَبْلُغْنَ سِنَّ الْحَيْضِ أَنَّ عِدَّتَهُنَّ كَعِدَّةِ الْآيِسَةِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ؛ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ: {وَاللائِي ‌لَمْ ‌يَحِضْنَ}


Line 145:		Line 145:


	'''Al-Tabari (d.923 AD), whose interpretation is the earliest comprehensive interpretation of the Quran, says:'''{{Quote\|~~Tafsir Al~~-~~Tabari, 14~~/~~142\|~~The interpretation of ~~the verse "And those of your women as have passed the age of monthly courses~~, ~~for them the~~ '~~Iddah (prescribed period)~~, ~~if you have doubt~~ (~~about their periods~~)~~, is three months; '''and~~ for those who ~~have no courses (i.e. they are still immature) their~~ '~~Iddah (prescribed period) is three months likewise~~"~~. He said~~: The same applies to the ~~'idaah~~ for girls who do not menstruate because they are too young, if their husbands divorce them after consummating the marriage with them.~~'''~~}}
			'''Al-Tabari (d.923 AD), whose interpretation is the earliest comprehensive interpretation of the Quran, says:'''{{Quote\|[https://al-maktaba.org/book/43/13681 The interpretation of Al-Tabari, mu'assasat Al-Risalah, vol.23 p.452]\|{{right\| (وَاللائِي ‌لَمْ ‌يَحِضْنَ) يقول: وكذلك عدد اللائي ‌لم ‌يحضن من الجواري لصغر إذا طلقهنّ أزواجهنّ بعد الدخول
			}}

			"And for those who haven't menstruated" means: The same applies to the Iddah for girls who do not menstruate because they are too young, if their husbands divorce them after consummating the marriage with them.}}

Iarabi at 14:40, 26 March 2022

2022-03-26T14:40:00Z

Show changes

Iarabi at 14:02, 26 March 2022

2022-03-26T14:02:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:02, 26 March 2022
Line 440:		Line 440:
	The word used for daughter in Hebrew here is "bat" בַּ֥ת which is cognate with the Arabic bint/ibnah بنت/إبتة also meaning "daughter" in that language.		The word used for daughter in Hebrew here is "bat" בַּ֥ת which is cognate with the Arabic bint/ibnah بنت/إبتة also meaning "daughter" in that language.

	Moreover the Quran ~~itself clarifies “Who~~ the ~~''Nisaa''' are”~~.		Moreover, the Quran used the expression “Nisaa’ orphans” to mean “female orphans”. Orphans cannot be adults which means non-adults can be included in the word Nisaa’.

	{{Quote\|{{Quran\|4\|127}}\|{{right\|		{{Quote\|{{Quran\|4\|127}}\|{{right\|
	‏ويستفتونك في النساء قل الله يفتيكم فيهن ومايتلى عليكم في الكتاب في يتامى النساء اللاتي لاتؤتونهن ماكتب لهن وترغبون ان تنكحوهن والمستضعفين من الولدان وان تقوموا لليتامى بالقسط وماتفعلوا من خير فان الله كان به عليما }}		‏ويستفتونك في النساء قل الله يفتيكم فيهن ومايتلى عليكم في الكتاب في يتامى النساء اللاتي لاتؤتونهن ماكتب لهن وترغبون ان تنكحوهن والمستضعفين من الولدان وان تقوموا لليتامى بالقسط وماتفعلوا من خير فان الله كان به عليما }}

	'''~~Transliteration~~:''' ''Wayastaftoonaka fee alnnisa-i quli Allahu yufteekum feehinna wama yutla AAalaykum fee alkitabi fee yatama alnnisa-i allatee la tu/toonahunna ma kutiba lahunna watarghaboona an tankihoohunna waalmustadAAafeena mina alwildani waan taqoomoo lilyatama bialqisti wama tafAAaloo min khayrin fa-inna Allaha kana bihi AAaleeman''		'''Pickthaal:''' ''They consult thee concerning women. Say: Allah giveth you decree concerning them, and the Scripture which hath been recited unto you (giveth decree), concerning female orphans and those unto whom ye give not that which is ordained for them though ye desire to marry them, and (concerning) the weak among children, and that ye should deal justly with orphans. Whatever good ye do, lo! Allah is ever Aware of it.''

	'''Literal:''' And they ask for your opinion/clarification about the women, say: "God decreed/clarifies in them (F), and what is read/recited on you in The Book in the women orphans/minors that lose their father, those who (F) you did not give them (F) what was written/dictated to them (F), and you desire that you marry them (F), and the weakened from the children/newborns, and that you take care of to the orphans/minors that lose their father with the just/equitable; and what you make/do from goodness, so that God was/is with it knowledgeable."<ref>[{{Reference archive\|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/4/lang/englishliteral/\|2=2011-11-27}} 4. An-Nisa - Women (سورة النساء) - Revealed in Madinah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed November 27, 2011</ref>}}		}}

	~~Here the unnamed questioner ask who the "Nisaa'" are, and the response delineates who they are:~~		<br />

	~~#Orphans~~
	~~#Female wards~~
	~~#Those you desire to marry~~
	~~#The weakened from the children or new born.~~

	===65.4 talks only of the 'Iddah and not of sexual activity===		===65.4 talks only of the 'Iddah and not of sexual activity===
Line 468:		Line 463:
	The tafsirs further expound on the meaning of the 'iddah according to this verse:		The tafsirs further expound on the meaning of the 'iddah according to this verse:

	{{Quote\|1=[http://~~www~~.qtafsir.com/~~index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1841&Itemid=89#1~~ A Gift and no (Iddah) for Women Who are divorced before Consummation of the Marriage (Qur'an 33:49)]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir\|2= {{right\|		{{Quote\|1=[http://m.qtafsir.com/Surah-Al-Ahzab/A-Gift-and-no-Iddah-for-Wome--- A Gift and no (Iddah) for Women Who are divorced before Consummation of the Marriage (Qur'an 33:49)]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir\|2= {{right\|
	(يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحاً جَمِيلاً)}}		(يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحاً جَمِيلاً)}}

Line 518:		Line 513:
	(There is no sin on you, if you divorce women while yet you have not touched them, nor fixed unto them their due (dowery). But bestow on them gift, the rich according to his means, and the poor according to his means, a gift of reasonable amount is a duty on the doers of good.) (2:236) pIn Sahih Al-Bukhari, it was recorded that Sahl bin Sa`d and Abu Usayd, may Allah be pleased with them both, said, "The Messenger of Allah married Umaymah bint Sharahil, and when she entered upon him he reached out his hand towards her, and it was as if she did not like that, so he told Abu Usayd to give her two garments.'' `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said "If the dowery had been named, she would not be entitled to more than half, but if the dowery is not been named, he should give her a gift according to his means, and this is the "handsome manner.''}}		(There is no sin on you, if you divorce women while yet you have not touched them, nor fixed unto them their due (dowery). But bestow on them gift, the rich according to his means, and the poor according to his means, a gift of reasonable amount is a duty on the doers of good.) (2:236) pIn Sahih Al-Bukhari, it was recorded that Sahl bin Sa`d and Abu Usayd, may Allah be pleased with them both, said, "The Messenger of Allah married Umaymah bint Sharahil, and when she entered upon him he reached out his hand towards her, and it was as if she did not like that, so he told Abu Usayd to give her two garments.'' `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said "If the dowery had been named, she would not be entitled to more than half, but if the dowery is not been named, he should give her a gift according to his means, and this is the "handsome manner.''}}

	{{Quote\|1=[~~http~~://www.altafsir.com/~~Tafasir~~.asp?~~tMadhNo~~=0&~~tTafsirNo~~=74&~~tSoraNo~~=33&~~tAyahNo~~=49&~~tDisplay~~=yes&~~UserProfile~~=0 Qur'an 33:49]<BR>Tafsir al-Jalalayn\|2= {{right\|		{{Quote\|1=[https://www.altafsir.com/tafasir.asp?tmadhno=0&ttafsirno=74&tsorano=33&tayahno=49&tdisplay=yes&userprofile=0&languageid=2 (Qur'an 33:49)]<BR>Tafsir al-Jalalayn\|2= {{right\|
	(يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوۤاْ إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحاً جَمِيلاً)		(يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوۤاْ إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحاً جَمِيلاً)
	}}		}}
	O you who believe if you marry believing women and then divorce them before you have touched them (read tamassūhunna or tumāsūhunna) that is, before you have copulated with them, there shall be no [waiting] period for you to reckon against them, [no] waiting period [needed to preclude pregnancy] or otherwise. But provide for them, give them what they can use for [securing] comforts, in cases where no dowry has been fixed for them; otherwise theirs is to retain half of what was fixed, but no more — this is what Ibn ‘Abbās said and it is [the opinion] followed by al-Shāfi‘ī’; and release them in a gracious manner, leave them be without [the intention to cause them any] harm.}}		O you who believe if you marry believing women and then divorce them before you have touched them (read tamassūhunna or tumāsūhunna) that is, before you have copulated with them, there shall be no [waiting] period for you to reckon against them, [no] waiting period [needed to preclude pregnancy] or otherwise. But provide for them, give them what they can use for [securing] comforts, in cases where no dowry has been fixed for them; otherwise theirs is to retain half of what was fixed, but no more — this is what Ibn ‘Abbās said and it is [the opinion] followed by al-Shāfi‘ī’; and release them in a gracious manner, leave them be without [the intention to cause them any] harm.}}

	{{Quote\|1=[~~http~~://www.altafsir.com/~~Tafasir~~.asp?~~tMadhNo~~=0&~~tTafsirNo~~=73&~~tSoraNo~~=33&~~tAyahNo~~=49&~~tDisplay~~=yes&~~UserProfile~~=0 Qur'an 33:49]<BR>Tafsir 'Ibn Abbas\|2= {{right\|		{{Quote\|1=[https://www.altafsir.com/tafasir.asp?tmadhno=0&ttafsirno=73&tsorano=33&tayahno=49&tdisplay=yes&userprofile=0&languageid=2 Qur'an 33:49]<BR>Tafsir 'Ibn Abbas\|2= {{right\|
	(يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوۤاْ إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحاً جَمِيلاً)		(يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوۤاْ إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحاً جَمِيلاً)
	}}		}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:30, 19 May 2025
Line 8:		Line 8:
	{{QualityScore\|Lead=4\|Structure=3\|Content=3\|Language=4\|References=2}}		{{QualityScore\|Lead=4\|Structure=3\|Content=3\|Language=4\|References=2}}
	[[File:Women protesters.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|March 23, 2010: Women protesters hold up copies of the Qur'an outside parliament in Sanaa while stating that a proposed law banning marriages under the age of 17 in Yemen is un-Islamic<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88589 YEMEN: Deep divisions over child brides] - IRIN, March 28, 2010</ref>]]		[[File:Women protesters.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|March 23, 2010: Women protesters hold up copies of the Qur'an outside parliament in Sanaa while stating that a proposed law banning marriages under the age of 17 in Yemen is un-Islamic<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88589 YEMEN: Deep divisions over child brides] - IRIN, March 28, 2010</ref>]]
	The subject of child marriage per se never arises in the Qur'an. Yet scholars were more or less unanimous that the Qur'an deals indirectly with the topic. The Qur'an lays down strict rules for how long a woman must wait in between the end of one marriage and the beginning of another. The purpose of this in a pre-modern, patriarchal society was to ensure that a woman would not marry a new man while pregnant from her last husband and impute fathership of her baby to the wrong husband. Pursuant to these rules {{Quran\|2\|228}} stipulates a waiting period ([['Iddah\|'Iddah]]) of 3 months after divorce, while {{Quran\|33\|49}} states that no waiting period is prescribed for a woman who has ''not'' had intimate contact with her husband. However, the Quran also clarifies a number of other scenarios in verse {{Quran\|65\|4}}, including that there is also a 3 month waiting period for "those who have not menstruated".		The subject of child marriage per se never arises in the Qur'an and Muslims are commonly unaware of its relevance to the religion. Yet scholars were more or less unanimous that the Qur'an deals indirectly with the topic. The Qur'an lays down strict rules for how long a woman must wait in between the end of one marriage and the beginning of another. The purpose of this in a pre-modern, patriarchal society was to ensure that a woman would not marry a new man while pregnant from her last husband and impute fathership of her baby to the wrong husband. Pursuant to these rules {{Quran\|2\|228}} stipulates a waiting period ([['Iddah\|'Iddah]]) of 3 months after divorce, while {{Quran\|33\|49}} states that no waiting period is prescribed for a woman who has ''not'' had intimate contact with her husband. However, the Quran also clarifies a number of other scenarios in verse {{Quran\|65\|4}}, including that there is also a 3 month waiting period for "those who have not menstruated".

	This has been interpreted in the Islamic tradition to mean that the [[Qur'an]] supports marrying prepubescent girls. Jurists were unanimous that a father could contract his child in marriage at any age, while the family was to hand over the daughter to her husband for consummation when she could physically tolerate intercourse without physical harm (see [[Child Marriage in Islamic Law]]). Some Quran commentators and modernist Muslims mention opinions that {{Quran\|65\|4}} may refer rather to women whose menstruation has been interrupted (for example, due to illness) and interpret the Quran as sanctioning marriage only with those who have reached puberty.		This has been interpreted in the Islamic tradition to mean that the [[Qur'an]] supports marrying prepubescent girls. Jurists were unanimous that a father could contract his child in marriage at any age, while the family was to hand over the daughter to her husband for consummation when she could physically tolerate intercourse without physical harm (see [[Child Marriage in Islamic Law]]). Some Quran commentators and modernist Muslims mention opinions that {{Quran\|65\|4}} may refer rather to women whose menstruation has been interrupted (for example, due to illness) and interpret the Quran as sanctioning marriage only with those who have reached puberty.

	Today, [[w:Marriageable_age\|many modern Muslim countries]] have legislated to raise the minimum age of marriage, in many cases to the age of 16 or 18 for girls (though often with loopholes or with ineffective enforcement) and to prevent forced marriage, often in the face of opposition from Islamic scholars. Many Muslim campaign groups and charities have been involved in this process and continue to offer help to those at risk (see the article [[Forced Marriage]] which includes sources of help).<ref>For example [https://www.mwnuk.co.uk/Forced_Marriage_7_factsheets.php Muslim Women's Network UK] and [https://preventforcedmarriage.org/forced-marriage-overseas-pakistan/ Tahirih Justice Center Forced Marriage Initiative]</ref> In collaboration with activists, in 2019 the deputy Grand Mufti of al-Azhar University in Cairo issued a fatwa calling for marriage based on mutual consent with a minimum age set as 18.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/jun/21/senior-islamic-cleric-issues-fatwa-against-child-marriage Senior Islamic cleric issues fatwa against child marriage] - Guardian.com</ref> Unicef say that the prevalence of child marriages are decreasing globally but are nevetheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).		Today, [[w:Marriageable_age\|many modern Muslim countries]] have legislated to raise the minimum age of marriage, in many cases to the age of 16 or 18 for girls (though often with loopholes or with ineffective enforcement) and to prevent forced marriage, often in the face of opposition (though sometimes support) from Islamic scholars. Many Muslim campaign groups and charities have been involved in this reform process and continue to offer help to those at risk (see the article [[Forced Marriage]] which includes sources of help).<ref>For example [https://www.mwnuk.co.uk/Forced_Marriage_7_factsheets.php Muslim Women's Network UK] and [https://preventforcedmarriage.org/forced-marriage-overseas-pakistan/ Tahirih Justice Center Forced Marriage Initiative]</ref> In collaboration with activists, in 2019 the deputy Grand Mufti of al-Azhar University in Cairo issued a fatwa calling for marriage based on mutual consent with a minimum age set as 18.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/jun/21/senior-islamic-cleric-issues-fatwa-against-child-marriage Senior Islamic cleric issues fatwa against child marriage] - Guardian.com</ref> Unicef say that the prevalence of child marriages are decreasing globally but are nevetheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).

	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
Line 471:		Line 471:
	One point of focus for modern commentators, seeking to defend the Qur'an from the charge of endorsing pedophilia, is that 65:4 does not explicitly discuss consummation or other sexual activity in regards to any of the females discussed in the verse; it merely sets the prescribed 'Iddah required for each.<ref>{{Cite web\| title = Quran 65:4 – The Child Marriage Claim\| author = \| work = Discover The Truth\| date = \| access-date = 6 January 2022\| url = https://discover-the-truth.com/2016/03/12/quran-654-the-child-marriage-claim/\| quote = }}</ref>		One point of focus for modern commentators, seeking to defend the Qur'an from the charge of endorsing pedophilia, is that 65:4 does not explicitly discuss consummation or other sexual activity in regards to any of the females discussed in the verse; it merely sets the prescribed 'Iddah required for each.<ref>{{Cite web\| title = Quran 65:4 – The Child Marriage Claim\| author = \| work = Discover The Truth\| date = \| access-date = 6 January 2022\| url = https://discover-the-truth.com/2016/03/12/quran-654-the-child-marriage-claim/\| quote = }}</ref>

	Critics point out that the 'iddah (prescribed waiting period) for females is required after a divorce or widowing ({{Quran\|2\|228}), so that a child's father can be correctly identified. In addition to multiple tafsir and hadith traditions on 65:4, this is also established in Qur'an 33:49:		Critics point out that the 'iddah (prescribed waiting period) for females is required after a divorce or widowing ({{Quran\|2\|228}}), so that a child's father can be correctly identified. In addition to multiple tafsir and hadith traditions on 65:4, this is also established in Qur'an 33:49:

	<br />		<br />