Iblis (Satan) - Revision history

Asmith at 02:28, 28 November 2025

2025-11-28T02:28:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:28, 28 November 2025
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	{{QualityScore\|Lead=2\|Structure=2\|Content=2\|Language=3\|References=2}}'''Iblis''' (إبليس), also known as '''al-Shaytan''' (الشيطان) or "The Devil" (as opposed to other, lesser [[Shaytan (Devil)\|devils, or ''shayatin'']], who are not ''The'' Devil), is the Islamic equivalent of Satan who is responsible for Adam and Eve's fall from Heaven as well as for the perennial temptation of humankind to sin. Iblis is understood to be the specific name of the being who eventually becomes ''The'' Devil after disobeying [[Allah\|Allah's]] order to prostrate to Adam, the first human. The classical Islamic tradition was divided as to whether Iblis is a fallen angel or merely a [[jinn]] who, after having been so devout as to ''rank'' among the angels, became jealous of Adam, arrogant, and then irredeemably evil. Today, however, Iblis is almost universally held to be a uniquely corrupt jinn.<ref name=":0">{{Citation\|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam\|publisher=E.J. Brill\|volume=3 H-IRAM\|editor1=B. Lewis\|editor2=V.L. Menage\|editor3=Ch. Pellat\|editor4=J. Schacht\|edition=New Edition [2nd]\|location=Leiden\|chapter=Iblis\|pages=668-669\|publication-date=1986\|isbn=90 04 08118 6}}</ref> The Qur'an reads, "And (remember) when We said unto the angels: Fall prostrate before Adam, and they fell prostrate, all save Iblis. He was of the jinn, so he rebelled against his Lord's command."<ref>{{Quran\|18\|50}}</ref>		{{QualityScore\|Lead=2\|Structure=2\|Content=2\|Language=4\|References=2}}'''Iblis''' (إبليس), also known as '''al-Shaytan''' (الشيطان) or "The Devil" (as opposed to other, lesser [[Shaytan (Devil)\|devils, or ''shayatin'']], who are not ''The'' Devil), is the Islamic equivalent of Satan who is responsible for Adam and Eve's fall from Heaven as well as for the perennial temptation of humankind to sin. Iblis is understood to be the specific name of the being who eventually becomes ''The'' Devil after disobeying [[Allah\|Allah's]] order to prostrate to Adam, the first human. The classical Islamic tradition was divided as to whether Iblis is a fallen angel or merely a [[jinn]] who, after having been so devout as to ''rank'' among the angels, became jealous of Adam, arrogant, and then irredeemably evil. Today, however, Iblis is almost universally held to be a uniquely corrupt jinn.<ref name=":0">{{Citation\|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam\|publisher=E.J. Brill\|volume=3 H-IRAM\|editor1=B. Lewis\|editor2=V.L. Menage\|editor3=Ch. Pellat\|editor4=J. Schacht\|edition=New Edition [2nd]\|location=Leiden\|chapter=Iblis\|pages=668-669\|publication-date=1986\|isbn=90 04 08118 6}}</ref> The Qur'an reads, "And (remember) when We said unto the angels: Fall prostrate before Adam, and they fell prostrate, all save Iblis. He was of the jinn, so he rebelled against his Lord's command."<ref>{{Quran\|18\|50}}</ref>

	Iblis is also known as "The Cursed Devil", or ''al-shaytan al-rajim'' (lit. "the [[Stoning\|stoned]] Devil" - perhaps an inspiration for the relevant [[Hajj]] ritual)<ref>{{Quran\|3\|36}}</ref>, and "Enemy of Allah", or ''aduww Allah''<ref>{{Quran\|8\|60}} contains the phrase "enemy of Allah", although it is unclear in context whether this referring to Iblis in particular or some other individual or "unbelievers" in general.</ref>''.''		Iblis is also known as "The Cursed Devil", or ''al-shaytan al-rajim'' (lit. "the [[Stoning\|stoned]] Devil" - perhaps an inspiration for the relevant [[Hajj]] ritual)<ref>{{Quran\|3\|36}}</ref>, and "Enemy of Allah", or ''aduww Allah''<ref>{{Quran\|8\|60}} contains the phrase "enemy of Allah", although it is unclear in context whether this referring to Iblis in particular or some other individual or "unbelievers" in general.</ref>''.''

Asmith: Rejected the last text change (by CPO675) and restored revision 139515 by Lightyears: We don't want links to searches, those can change, we want to pick the hadith out

2025-10-21T18:10:00Z

Rejected the last text change (by CPO675) and restored revision 139515 by Lightyears: We don't want links to searches, those can change, we want to pick the hadith out

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:10, 21 October 2025
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	To resolve the incoherence between the two interpretations on the nature of Iblis, Muslim scholarship came up with some ingenious ideas. Al-Tabari, for example, argued it is possible God created one part of his angels from light and another part from fire; Iblis possibly could belong to that group of angels who were created from the scorching winds.<ref>Ibid. pp. 46.</ref> Al-Baydawi (d. 1286), meanwhile, had a more plausible explanation. He argued Iblis, a jinni made out of fire, was carried off as a captive by the angels during one of the combats between jinn and angels that took place on Earth. Because Iblis was still a child, he grew up among angels. When God ordered the angels to bow before Adam, Iblis refused, and thus revealed his true jinni nature.<ref>Ibid.</ref>		To resolve the incoherence between the two interpretations on the nature of Iblis, Muslim scholarship came up with some ingenious ideas. Al-Tabari, for example, argued it is possible God created one part of his angels from light and another part from fire; Iblis possibly could belong to that group of angels who were created from the scorching winds.<ref>Ibid. pp. 46.</ref> Al-Baydawi (d. 1286), meanwhile, had a more plausible explanation. He argued Iblis, a jinni made out of fire, was carried off as a captive by the angels during one of the combats between jinn and angels that took place on Earth. Because Iblis was still a child, he grew up among angels. When God ordered the angels to bow before Adam, Iblis refused, and thus revealed his true jinni nature.<ref>Ibid.</ref>

	Sinai 2023 notes a potential reason for this repeated seemingly contradictory statement. In the Qur'an, nine out of eleven mentions of Iblīs occur in the context of the angels prostrating to Adam, with Iblīs refusing (Q 2:34, 7:11, 17:61, 18:50, 20:116, 15:30–31, 38:73–74), or in the immediate divine address to Iblīs (Q 15:32, 38:75). The other two occurrences (Q 26:95, 34:20) refer to Iblīs’s followers and those who follow Iblīs, respectively. He suggests a more satisfactory resolution to the issue is therefore the formula "fa-sajadū illā iblīsa" might have originated from pre-Qur’anic Arab traditions on this story, where the formula fa-sajadū illā iblīsa reached the Qur’anic milieu as a set phrase that had been coined in prior Arabophone narrative traditions. This idea is supported by similar pre-Qur’anic narrative phrases in the Qur'an, like God blowing His spirit into Adam or Mary (e.g. Q 15:29, 21:91).<ref>Sinai, Nicolai. Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary (pp. 453-454 & 456). Princeton University Press. </ref>		Sinai 2023 notes a potential reason for this repeated seemingly contradictory statement. In the Qur'an, nine out of eleven mentions of Iblīs occur in the context of the angels prostrating to Adam, with Iblīs refusing (Q 2:34, 7:11, 17:61, 18:50, 20:116, 15:30–31, 38:73–74), or in the immediate divine address to Iblīs (Q 15:32, 38:75). The other two occurrences (Q 26:95, 34:20) refer to Iblīs’s followers and those who follow Iblīs, respectively. He suggests a more satisfactory resolution to the issue is therefore the formula "fa-sajadū illā iblīsa" might have originated from pre-Qur’anic Arab traditions on this story, where the formula fa-sajadū illā iblīsa reached the Qur’anic milieu as a set phrase that had been coined in prior Arabophone narrative traditions. This idea is supported by similar pre-Qur’anic narrative phrases in the Qur'an, like God blowing His spirit into Adam or Mary (e.g. Q 15:29, 21:91).<ref>Sinai, Nicolai. Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary (pp. 453-454 & 456). Princeton University Press. </ref>

	=== In the hadith ===		====His story====
	~~See '[https://sunnah.com/search?q~~=~~Satan Satan]', '[https://sunnah.com/search?q~~=~~Devil Devil]' and '[https://sunnah.com/search?q~~=~~iblis Iblis]' keyword searches on Sunnah.com.~~
			===In the hadith===

			====Appearance====

			====Other descriptions====

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==
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	== Theological significance ==		== Theological significance ==

			===Sufism===

			==Species of Iblis (angel/jinn)==

	==References==		==References==

CPO675: /* Species of Iblis (angel/jinn) */ Tidied up some of the empty sections and added a link to the hadith mentioning devil/satan/iblis

2025-10-18T17:59:09Z

Species of Iblis (angel/jinn): Tidied up some of the empty sections and added a link to the hadith mentioning devil/satan/iblis

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:59, 18 October 2025
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	To resolve the incoherence between the two interpretations on the nature of Iblis, Muslim scholarship came up with some ingenious ideas. Al-Tabari, for example, argued it is possible God created one part of his angels from light and another part from fire; Iblis possibly could belong to that group of angels who were created from the scorching winds.<ref>Ibid. pp. 46.</ref> Al-Baydawi (d. 1286), meanwhile, had a more plausible explanation. He argued Iblis, a jinni made out of fire, was carried off as a captive by the angels during one of the combats between jinn and angels that took place on Earth. Because Iblis was still a child, he grew up among angels. When God ordered the angels to bow before Adam, Iblis refused, and thus revealed his true jinni nature.<ref>Ibid.</ref>		To resolve the incoherence between the two interpretations on the nature of Iblis, Muslim scholarship came up with some ingenious ideas. Al-Tabari, for example, argued it is possible God created one part of his angels from light and another part from fire; Iblis possibly could belong to that group of angels who were created from the scorching winds.<ref>Ibid. pp. 46.</ref> Al-Baydawi (d. 1286), meanwhile, had a more plausible explanation. He argued Iblis, a jinni made out of fire, was carried off as a captive by the angels during one of the combats between jinn and angels that took place on Earth. Because Iblis was still a child, he grew up among angels. When God ordered the angels to bow before Adam, Iblis refused, and thus revealed his true jinni nature.<ref>Ibid.</ref>

	Sinai 2023 notes a potential reason for this repeated seemingly contradictory statement. In the Qur'an, nine out of eleven mentions of Iblīs occur in the context of the angels prostrating to Adam, with Iblīs refusing (Q 2:34, 7:11, 17:61, 18:50, 20:116, 15:30–31, 38:73–74), or in the immediate divine address to Iblīs (Q 15:32, 38:75). The other two occurrences (Q 26:95, 34:20) refer to Iblīs’s followers and those who follow Iblīs, respectively. He suggests a more satisfactory resolution to the issue is therefore the formula "fa-sajadū illā iblīsa" might have originated from pre-Qur’anic Arab traditions on this story, where the formula fa-sajadū illā iblīsa reached the Qur’anic milieu as a set phrase that had been coined in prior Arabophone narrative traditions. This idea is supported by similar pre-Qur’anic narrative phrases in the Qur'an, like God blowing His spirit into Adam or Mary (e.g. Q 15:29, 21:91).<ref>Sinai, Nicolai. Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary (pp. 453-454 & 456). Princeton University Press. </ref>		Sinai 2023 notes a potential reason for this repeated seemingly contradictory statement. In the Qur'an, nine out of eleven mentions of Iblīs occur in the context of the angels prostrating to Adam, with Iblīs refusing (Q 2:34, 7:11, 17:61, 18:50, 20:116, 15:30–31, 38:73–74), or in the immediate divine address to Iblīs (Q 15:32, 38:75). The other two occurrences (Q 26:95, 34:20) refer to Iblīs’s followers and those who follow Iblīs, respectively. He suggests a more satisfactory resolution to the issue is therefore the formula "fa-sajadū illā iblīsa" might have originated from pre-Qur’anic Arab traditions on this story, where the formula fa-sajadū illā iblīsa reached the Qur’anic milieu as a set phrase that had been coined in prior Arabophone narrative traditions. This idea is supported by similar pre-Qur’anic narrative phrases in the Qur'an, like God blowing His spirit into Adam or Mary (e.g. Q 15:29, 21:91).<ref>Sinai, Nicolai. Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary (pp. 453-454 & 456). Princeton University Press. </ref>

	~~====His story====~~		=== In the hadith ===
			See '[https://sunnah.com/search?q=Satan Satan]', '[https://sunnah.com/search?q=Devil Devil]' and '[https://sunnah.com/search?q=iblis Iblis]' keyword searches on Sunnah.com.
	===In the hadith===

	~~====Appearance====~~

	~~====Other descriptions=~~===

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==
Line 35:		Line 30:

	== Theological significance ==		== Theological significance ==

	~~===Sufism===~~

	~~==Species of Iblis (angel/jinn)==~~

	==References==		==References==

Lightyears: Angel/Jinn discussion moved from Contradictions article (wasn't suitable there per edit comments)

2025-10-04T00:31:37Z

Angel/Jinn discussion moved from Contradictions article (wasn't suitable there per edit comments)

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Descriptions in scripture==
-===In the Quran===
+Sinai 2023 notes a potential reason for this repeated seemingly contradictory statement. In the Qur'an, nine out of eleven mentions of Iblīs occur in the context of the angels prostrating to Adam, with Iblīs refusing (Q 2:34, 7:11, 17:61, 18:50, 20:116, 15:30–31, 38:73–74), or in the immediate divine address to Iblīs (Q 15:32, 38:75). The other two occurrences (Q 26:95, 34:20) refer to Iblīs’s followers and those who follow Iblīs, respectively. He suggests a more satisfactory resolution to the issue is therefore the formula "fa-sajadū illā iblīsa" might have originated from pre-Qur’anic Arab traditions on this story, where the formula fa-sajadū illā iblīsa reached the Qur’anic milieu as a set phrase that had been coined in prior Arabophone narrative traditions. This idea is supported by similar pre-Qur’anic narrative phrases in the Qur'an, like God blowing His spirit into Adam or Mary (e.g. Q 15:29, 21:91).<ref>Sinai, Nicolai. Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary (pp. 453-454 & 456). Princeton University Press.  </ref>
 ====His story====
 ===In the hadith===

CPO675: /* Etymology */ Added an academic note on Etymology of the words.

2025-01-26T14:42:59Z

Etymology: Added an academic note on Etymology of the words.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:42, 26 January 2025
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	==Etymology==		==Etymology==
			Sinai (2023) notes that '''iblīs''' and '''al-shayṭān''' were most likely simply variant Arabic designations for the devil that surfaced in different regions or circles or Arabic speakers, the one under the impact of Greek '''diabolos''', the other likely under the impact of Ethiopic '''sayṭān'''.<ref>''shayṭān \| devil al-shayṭān \| the devil, Satan'' Sinai, Nicolai. Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary (p. 453-454, 460-462). Princeton University Press. Kindle Edition.</ref>

	==Theological significance==		== Theological significance ==

	===Sufism===		===Sufism===

Asmith at 00:31, 26 February 2021

2021-02-26T00:31:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:31, 26 February 2021
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	==References==		==References==
	<references />		<references />
	~~[[Category:Sacred history]]~~
	[[Category:Jinn]]		[[Category:Jinn]]
	[[Category:Supernatural beings]]		[[Category:Supernatural beings]]
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	[[Category:Qadr (fate)]]		[[Category:Qadr (fate)]]
	[[Category:Critics of Islam]]		[[Category:Critics of Islam]]
			[[Category:Jewish tradition]]
			[[Category:Christian tradition]]
			[[Category:Sacred history]]

IbnPinker at 21:04, 24 February 2021

2021-02-24T21:04:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:04, 24 February 2021
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	[[Category:Kafir (infidel)]]		[[Category:Kafir (infidel)]]
	[[Category:Qadr (fate)]]		[[Category:Qadr (fate)]]
			[[Category:Critics of Islam]]

IbnPinker at 21:03, 24 February 2021

2021-02-24T21:03:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:03, 24 February 2021
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	==References==		==References==
	<references />		<references />
			[[Category:Sacred history]]
			[[Category:Jinn]]
			[[Category:Supernatural beings]]
			[[Category:Hell]]
			[[Category:Kafir (infidel)]]
			[[Category:Qadr (fate)]]

IbnPinker at 00:25, 9 January 2021

2021-01-09T00:25:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:25, 9 January 2021
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	'''Iblis''' (إبليس), also known as '''al-Shaytan''' (الشيطان) or "The Devil" (as opposed to other, lesser [[Shaytan (Devil)\|devils, or ''shayatin'']], who are not ''The'' Devil), is the Islamic equivalent of Satan who is responsible for Adam and Eve's fall from Heaven as well as for the perennial temptation of humankind to sin. Iblis is understood to be the specific name of the being who eventually becomes ''The'' Devil after disobeying [[Allah\|Allah's]] order to prostrate to Adam, the first human. The classical Islamic tradition was divided as to whether Iblis is a fallen angel or merely a [[jinn]] who, after having been so devout as to ''rank'' among the angels, became jealous of Adam, arrogant, and then irredeemably evil. Today, however, Iblis is almost universally held to be a uniquely corrupt jinn.<ref name=":0">{{Citation\|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam\|publisher=E.J. Brill\|volume=3 H-IRAM\|editor1=B. Lewis\|editor2=V.L. Menage\|editor3=Ch. Pellat\|editor4=J. Schacht\|edition=New Edition [2nd]\|location=Leiden\|chapter=Iblis\|pages=668-669\|publication-date=1986\|isbn=90 04 08118 6}}</ref> The Qur'an reads, "And (remember) when We said unto the angels: Fall prostrate before Adam, and they fell prostrate, all save Iblis. He was of the jinn, so he rebelled against his Lord's command."<ref>{{Quran\|18\|50}}</ref>		{{QualityScore\|Lead=2\|Structure=2\|Content=2\|Language=3\|References=2}}'''Iblis''' (إبليس), also known as '''al-Shaytan''' (الشيطان) or "The Devil" (as opposed to other, lesser [[Shaytan (Devil)\|devils, or ''shayatin'']], who are not ''The'' Devil), is the Islamic equivalent of Satan who is responsible for Adam and Eve's fall from Heaven as well as for the perennial temptation of humankind to sin. Iblis is understood to be the specific name of the being who eventually becomes ''The'' Devil after disobeying [[Allah\|Allah's]] order to prostrate to Adam, the first human. The classical Islamic tradition was divided as to whether Iblis is a fallen angel or merely a [[jinn]] who, after having been so devout as to ''rank'' among the angels, became jealous of Adam, arrogant, and then irredeemably evil. Today, however, Iblis is almost universally held to be a uniquely corrupt jinn.<ref name=":0">{{Citation\|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam\|publisher=E.J. Brill\|volume=3 H-IRAM\|editor1=B. Lewis\|editor2=V.L. Menage\|editor3=Ch. Pellat\|editor4=J. Schacht\|edition=New Edition [2nd]\|location=Leiden\|chapter=Iblis\|pages=668-669\|publication-date=1986\|isbn=90 04 08118 6}}</ref> The Qur'an reads, "And (remember) when We said unto the angels: Fall prostrate before Adam, and they fell prostrate, all save Iblis. He was of the jinn, so he rebelled against his Lord's command."<ref>{{Quran\|18\|50}}</ref>

	Iblis is also known as "The Cursed Devil", or ''al-shaytan al-rajim'' (lit. "the [[Stoning\|stoned]] Devil" - perhaps an inspiration for the relevant [[Hajj]] ritual)<ref>{{Quran\|3\|36}}</ref>, and "Enemy of Allah", or ''aduww Allah''<ref>{{Quran\|8\|60}} contains the phrase "enemy of Allah", although it is unclear in context whether this referring to Iblis in particular or some other individual or "unbelievers" in general.</ref>''.''		Iblis is also known as "The Cursed Devil", or ''al-shaytan al-rajim'' (lit. "the [[Stoning\|stoned]] Devil" - perhaps an inspiration for the relevant [[Hajj]] ritual)<ref>{{Quran\|3\|36}}</ref>, and "Enemy of Allah", or ''aduww Allah''<ref>{{Quran\|8\|60}} contains the phrase "enemy of Allah", although it is unclear in context whether this referring to Iblis in particular or some other individual or "unbelievers" in general.</ref>''.''

IbnPinker at 00:22, 9 January 2021

2021-01-09T00:22:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:22, 9 January 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Iblis''' (إبليس), also known as '''al-Shaytan''' (الشيطان) or "The Devil" (as opposed to other, lesser [[Shaytan (Devil)\|devils, or ''shayatin'']], who are not ''The'' Devil), is the Islamic equivalent of Satan who is responsible for Adam and Eve's fall from Heaven as well as for the perennial temptation of humankind to sin. Iblis is understood to be the specific name of the being who eventually becomes ''The'' Devil after disobeying [[Allah\|Allah's]] order to prostrate to Adam, the first human. The classical Islamic tradition was divided as to whether Iblis is a fallen angel or merely a [[jinn]] who, after having been so devout as to ''rank'' among the angels, became jealous of Adam, arrogant, and then irredeemably evil. Today, however, Iblis is almost universally held to be a uniquely corrupt jinn.<ref name=":0">{{Citation\|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam\|publisher=E.J. Brill\|volume=3 H-IRAM\|editor1=B. Lewis\|editor2=V.L. Menage\|editor3=Ch. Pellat\|editor4=J. Schacht\|edition=New Edition [2nd]\|location=Leiden\|chapter=Iblis\|pages=668-669\|publication-date=1986\|isbn=90 04 08118 6}}</ref> The Qur'an reads, "And (remember) when We said unto the angels: Fall prostrate before Adam, and they fell prostrate, all save Iblis. He was of the jinn, so he rebelled against his Lord's command."<ref>{{Quran\|18\|50}}</ref>		'''Iblis''' (إبليس), also known as '''al-Shaytan''' (الشيطان) or "The Devil" (as opposed to other, lesser [[Shaytan (Devil)\|devils, or ''shayatin'']], who are not ''The'' Devil), is the Islamic equivalent of Satan who is responsible for Adam and Eve's fall from Heaven as well as for the perennial temptation of humankind to sin. Iblis is understood to be the specific name of the being who eventually becomes ''The'' Devil after disobeying [[Allah\|Allah's]] order to prostrate to Adam, the first human. The classical Islamic tradition was divided as to whether Iblis is a fallen angel or merely a [[jinn]] who, after having been so devout as to ''rank'' among the angels, became jealous of Adam, arrogant, and then irredeemably evil. Today, however, Iblis is almost universally held to be a uniquely corrupt jinn.<ref name=":0">{{Citation\|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam\|publisher=E.J. Brill\|volume=3 H-IRAM\|editor1=B. Lewis\|editor2=V.L. Menage\|editor3=Ch. Pellat\|editor4=J. Schacht\|edition=New Edition [2nd]\|location=Leiden\|chapter=Iblis\|pages=668-669\|publication-date=1986\|isbn=90 04 08118 6}}</ref> The Qur'an reads, "And (remember) when We said unto the angels: Fall prostrate before Adam, and they fell prostrate, all save Iblis. He was of the jinn, so he rebelled against his Lord's command."<ref>{{Quran\|18\|50}}</ref>

	Iblis is also known as "The Cursed Devil", or ''al-shaytan al-rajim'' (lit. "the [[Stoning\|stoned]] Devil" - perhaps an inspiration for the relevant [[Hajj]] ritual)<ref>{{Quran\|2\|36}}</ref>, and "Enemy of Allah", or ''aduww Allah''<ref>{{Quran\|8\|60}} contains the phrase "enemy of Allah", although it is unclear in context whether this referring to Iblis in particular or some other individual or "unbelievers" in general.</ref>''.''		Iblis is also known as "The Cursed Devil", or ''al-shaytan al-rajim'' (lit. "the [[Stoning\|stoned]] Devil" - perhaps an inspiration for the relevant [[Hajj]] ritual)<ref>{{Quran\|3\|36}}</ref>, and "Enemy of Allah", or ''aduww Allah''<ref>{{Quran\|8\|60}} contains the phrase "enemy of Allah", although it is unclear in context whether this referring to Iblis in particular or some other individual or "unbelievers" in general.</ref>''.''

	==Descriptions in scripture==		==Descriptions in scripture==