Internal Rhymes as Evidence for Old Hijazi - Revision history

Iarabi at 10:43, 27 September 2025

2025-09-27T10:43:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:43, 27 September 2025
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	1-Individual instances.		1-Individual instances.

	2-Verse-final attributes of Allah, which were already noted by Van Putten but without laying out every unique case of them. ~~There are 36 unique Old Hijazi internal rhymes of this type, 188 with repetition~~.		2-Verse-final attributes of Allah, which were already noted by Van Putten but without laying out every unique case of them. T.

	==Special Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes==		==Special Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes==
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	==Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes==		==Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes==
	'''1- Individual instances.''' This includes 74 unique examples (91 with repetition) where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, they were so many that only the strongest 17 unique instances were counted, however there are many more than this.		'''1- Individual instances.''' This includes 75 unique examples (93 with repetition) where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, they were so many that only the strongest 15 unique instances were counted, however there are many more than this.

	'''2- Verse-final attributes of Allah.''' The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 12 (46 with repetition) examples where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, there are 24 unique ones, ~~142~~ counting repeated occurrences.		'''2- Verse-final attributes of Allah.''' The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 7 (49 with repetition) examples where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, there are 20 unique ones, 222 counting repeated occurrences.

	==Verse-final attributes of Allah==		==Verse-final attributes of Allah==

Iarabi at 07:49, 18 September 2025

2025-09-18T07:49:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:49, 18 September 2025
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	1-Individual instances.		1-Individual instances.

	2-Verse-final attributes of Allah, which were already noted by Van Putten but without laying out every unique case of them. There are 32 unique Old Hijazi internal rhymes of this type, ~~284~~ with repetition.		2-Verse-final attributes of Allah, which were already noted by Van Putten but without laying out every unique case of them. There are 36 unique Old Hijazi internal rhymes of this type, 188 with repetition.

	==Special Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes==		==Special Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes==
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	The word “humazah” wasn’t used anywhere else in the Quran.		The word “humazah” wasn’t used anywhere else in the Quran.

	~~<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>۝﴾{{Quran\|114\|4\|}}</span>~~

	~~OH: min sharri l-waswās al-khannās~~

	~~CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās~~

	~~The word “waswās” wasn’t used anywhere else in the Quran.~~

	==Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes==		==Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes==
	'''1- Individual instances.''' This includes 78 unique examples (96 with repetition) where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, they were so many that only the strongest 17 unique instances were counted, however there are many more than this.		'''1- Individual instances.''' This includes 74 unique examples (91 with repetition) where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, they were so many that only the strongest 17 unique instances were counted, however there are many more than this.

	'''2- Verse-final attributes of Allah.''' The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 7 (50 with repetition) examples where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, there are 25 unique ones, ~~234~~ counting repeated occurrences.		'''2- Verse-final attributes of Allah.''' The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 12 (46 with repetition) examples where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, there are 24 unique ones, 142 counting repeated occurrences.

	==Verse-final attributes of Allah==		==Verse-final attributes of Allah==

Iarabi at 22:38, 5 June 2024

2024-06-05T22:38:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:38, 5 June 2024
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	Old Hijazi has two hallmarks that distinguishes it from classical Arabic and the Quranic reading traditions:		Old Hijazi has two hallmarks that distinguishes it from classical Arabic and the Quranic reading traditions:
	The loss of Hamzah (glottal stop) (in Arabic ء) and the loss of nunation (the addition of an "N" sound) and final short vowels except in the genetive (possession-showing) noun construct form. In classical Arabic, final short vowels and nunation are only lost when the word is in a pausal position, i.e., when the word is at the end of utterance. This would mean that unlike classical Arabic, the original language of the Quran entirely lacked noun-final nunation and final short vowels except in the genetive construct form. This means that the last word in a sentence always lacks nunation and a final short vowel while all the words before it don’t lack them. A careful examination of the Quran reveals that if all words were treated in the same way as the words in pausal positions are treated, this would lead to the appearance of hundreds of hitherto unknown internal rhymes.		The loss of Hamzah (glottal stop) (in Arabic ء) and the loss of nunation (the addition of an "N" sound) and final short vowels except in the genetive (possession-showing) noun construct form. In classical Arabic, final short vowels and nunation are only lost when the word is in a pausal position, i.e., when the word is at the end of utterance. This would mean that unlike classical Arabic, the original language of the Quran entirely lacked noun-final nunation and final short vowels except in the genetive construct form. This means that the last word in a sentence always lacks nunation and a final short vowel while all the words before it don’t lack them. A careful examination of the Quran reveals that if all words were treated in the same way as the words in pausal positions are treated, this would lead to the appearance of hundreds of hitherto unknown internal rhymes.
	<center><youtube>~~kLwUh9jAi_g?t=15~~</youtube></center>		<center><youtube>nuNguQzcqUg</youtube></center>

	==The Grammar of Pausal positions==		==The Grammar of Pausal positions==

Iarabi at 17:24, 27 February 2024

2024-02-27T17:24:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:24, 27 February 2024
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	“Those are the disbelievers, the wicked ones”		“Those are the disbelievers, the wicked ones”

	Old Hijazi pronunciation: ~~hum ǝl~~-kafarah ǝl-fajarah		Old Hijazi pronunciation: humu l-kafarah al-fajarah

	Classical Arabic pronunciation: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah		Classical Arabic pronunciation: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah

	The Quran uses two words for “disbelievers”: kāfirūn/kāfirīn (used 126 times) and kuffār (used 19 times). This verse is the only time the Quran uses the word “kafarah” for “disbelievers”. The reason for this is for the word to internally rhyme with the next word: ǝl-fajarah (the wicked ones). Reading the verse in Classical Arabic ruins the rhyme between the two words and thus makes this unique choice for the word pointless:		The Quran uses two words for “disbelievers”: kāfirūn/kāfirīn (used 126 times) and kuffār (used 19 times). This verse is the only time the Quran uses the word “kafarah” for “disbelievers”. The reason for this is for the word to internally rhyme with the next word: al-fajarah (the wicked ones). Reading the verse in Classical Arabic ruins the rhyme between the two words and thus makes this unique choice for the word pointless:

	humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah.		humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah.
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	The last word cannot be pronounced “l-fajaratu” because it’s at the end of the verse and hence the ‘u’ marker for the nominative isn’t added. And since that nothing was added, the final feminine ‘h’ remains and doesn’t turn into a ‘t’.		The last word cannot be pronounced “l-fajaratu” because it’s at the end of the verse and hence the ‘u’ marker for the nominative isn’t added. And since that nothing was added, the final feminine ‘h’ remains and doesn’t turn into a ‘t’.

	The verse is spelled in the Qur'an as: ~~hum al~~-kafarah al-fajararh. The classical Arabic pronunciation turns the feminine ending of the word “al-kafarah” into a ‘t’. So the word should be spelled with a ‘t’ الكفرت if it were spelled as it is pronounced. Yet the word in the Quran isn’t spelled with a ‘t’ in accordance with the claimed pausal spelling rule (and all other feminine nouns with this ending are likewise not spelled this way) which justifies the mismatch between the spelling of the Quran and the Classical Arabic pronunciation. Note how if the verse is read the same way it’s spelled then the two words rhyme with each other. This observation applies on all Old Hijazi internal rhymes except the ones where the classical Arabic pronunciation only adds final short vowels on words that don’t end with the feminine ‘ah’. In this special case there’s no mismatch between the classical Arabic pronunciation and the spelling as short vowels cannot be spelled in Arabic. An example of this is:		The verse is spelled in the Qur'an as: humu l-kafarah al-fajararh. The classical Arabic pronunciation turns the feminine ending of the word “al-kafarah” into a ‘t’. So the word should be spelled with a ‘t’ الكفرت if it were spelled as it is pronounced. Yet the word in the Quran isn’t spelled with a ‘t’ in accordance with the claimed pausal spelling rule (and all other feminine nouns with this ending are likewise not spelled this way) which justifies the mismatch between the spelling of the Quran and the Classical Arabic pronunciation. Note how if the verse is read the same way it’s spelled then the two words rhyme with each other. This observation applies on all Old Hijazi internal rhymes except the ones where the classical Arabic pronunciation only adds final short vowels on words that don’t end with the feminine ‘ah’. In this special case there’s no mismatch between the classical Arabic pronunciation and the spelling as short vowels cannot be spelled in Arabic. An example of this is:

	العليم الحكيم		العليم الحكيم

	al-ʕalīm ǝl-ḥakīm (Old Hijazi)		al-ʕalīm al-ḥakīm (Old Hijazi)

	al-ʕalīmu l-ḥakīm (Classical Arabic)		al-ʕalīmu l-ḥakīm (Classical Arabic)
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	<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>۝﴾{{Quran\|114\|4\|}}</span>		<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>۝﴾{{Quran\|114\|4\|}}</span>

	OH: min sharri l-waswās ǝl-khannās		OH: min sharri l-waswās al-khannās

	CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās		CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās

Asmith: /* Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith */

2023-03-12T06:19:56Z

Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:19, 12 March 2023
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	==Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith==		==Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith==
	The first example is from the seven aḥruf Hadith listed in a huge number of Hadith sources. The two rhyming words in this Hadith always come at a possible pausal position and sometimes at the end of the Hadith, such as:		The first example is from the seven aḥruf Hadith listed in a huge number of Hadith sources. The two rhyming words in this Hadith always come at a possible pausal position and sometimes at the end of the Hadith, such as:


	Musannaf of Ibn Abi Shaybah. Dar Al-Taj. vol.6 p.137		Musannaf of Ibn Abi Shaybah. Dar Al-Taj. vol.6 p.137
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	Classical Arabic: shāfin kāf, or shāfin kāfī		Classical Arabic: shāfin kāf, or shāfin kāfī


	Sahih Muslim. Matbaʿat Isa Al-Babi. vol.1 p.412		Sahih Muslim. Matbaʿat Isa Al-Babi. vol.1 p.412

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	Classical Arabic: al-maʾthami wal-maghram		Classical Arabic: al-maʾthami wal-maghram



	Sunan Ibn Majah. Dar Al-Risalah Al-ʿilmiyyah. vol.5 p.17		Sunan Ibn Majah. Dar Al-Risalah Al-ʿilmiyyah. vol.5 p.17

Asmith: /* Internal rhymes in the Quran */

2023-03-12T06:19:32Z

Internal rhymes in the Quran

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	<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ <u>أَغْنَى وَأَقْنَى</u>﴾</span> {{Quran\|53\|48\|}}		<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ <u>أَغْنَى وَأَقْنَى</u>﴾</span> {{Quran\|53\|48\|}}

	ʾaghnā wa ʾaqnā.		Classical Arabic: ʾaghnā wa ʾaqnā.

	Old Hijazi: aghnē wa aqnē (the difference in pronunciation of the final letter in each word here reflects a difference between Classical Arabic and Old Hijazi as reconstructed by van Putten)<ref>{{Cite web\| title = Dissimilation of ē to ā in the Qurʾānic Consonantal Text\| author = Marijn van Putten \| work = academia.edu\| date = \| access-date = 1 March2023\|url=https://www.academia.edu/90427143/Dissimilation_of_%C4%93_to_%C4%81_in_the_Qur%CA%BE%C4%81nic_Consonantal_Text\| quote = Dissimilation of ē to ā in the Qurʾānic Consonantal Text		Old Hijazi: aghnē wa aqnē (the difference in pronunciation of the final letter in each word here reflects a difference between Classical Arabic and Old Hijazi as reconstructed by van Putten)<ref>{{Cite web\| title = Dissimilation of ē to ā in the Qurʾānic Consonantal Text\| author = Marijn van Putten \| work = academia.edu\| date = \| access-date = 1 March2023\|url=https://www.academia.edu/90427143/Dissimilation_of_%C4%93_to_%C4%81_in_the_Qur%CA%BE%C4%81nic_Consonantal_Text\| quote = Dissimilation of ē to ā in the Qurʾānic Consonantal Text
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	<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿لَوْ أَنْزَلْنَا هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى جَبَلٍ لَرَأَيْتَهُ <u>خَاشِعًا مُتَصَدِّعًا</u> مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ﴾</span> {{Quran\|59\|21\|}}		<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿لَوْ أَنْزَلْنَا هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى جَبَلٍ لَرَأَيْتَهُ <u>خَاشِعًا مُتَصَدِّعًا</u> مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ﴾</span> {{Quran\|59\|21\|}}

	khāshiʕan mutaṣaddiʕan. (The two words are in context)		Classical Arabic: khāshiʕan mutaṣaddiʕan. (The two words are in context)

	Old Hijazi: khāshiʕā mutaṣaddiʕā.		Old Hijazi: khāshiʕā mutaṣaddiʕā.
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	<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَالصَّابِرِينَ فِي ‌<u>الْبَأْسَاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ</u> وَحِينَ الْبَأْسِ﴾</span>		<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَالصَّابِرِينَ فِي ‌<u>الْبَأْسَاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ</u> وَحِينَ الْبَأْسِ﴾</span>

	~~“al~~-baʾsāʾi wal-~~ḍarrāʾi”.~~ This example occurs three times: {{Quran\|2\|177\|}},{{Quran\|6\|42\|}}, {{Quran\|7\|94\|}}. It also occurs once in the nominative {{Quran\|2\|214\|}} “al-baʾsāʾu wal-ḍarrāʾu”. In all these 4 occurrences, the two words were in context, not in pausal form. In Old Hijazi, the two words in the four instances are pronounced as: al-baʾsāʾ wal-ḍarrāʾ. Note that although Old Hijazi had lost the use of Hamzah/glottal stop, the Hamzah is still retained in a word-final position that is preceded by a long 'a' vowel.		Classical Arabic: al-baʾsāʾi wal-ḍarrāʾi

			Old Hijazi: al-baʾsāʾ wal-ḍarrāʾ

			This example occurs three times: {{Quran\|2\|177\|}},{{Quran\|6\|42\|}}, {{Quran\|7\|94\|}}. It also occurs once in the nominative {{Quran\|2\|214\|}} “al-baʾsāʾu wal-ḍarrāʾu”. In all these 4 occurrences, the two words were in context, not in pausal form. In Old Hijazi, the two words in the four instances are pronounced as: al-baʾsāʾ wal-ḍarrāʾ. Note that although Old Hijazi had lost the use of Hamzah/glottal stop, the Hamzah is still retained in a word-final position that is preceded by a long 'a' vowel.

	The previous examples were internal rhymes that appear both in a classical Arabic pronunciation and in an Old Hijazi pronunciation. But when the Quran is read in Old Hijazi, hundreds of internal rhymes appear, which means that imposing classical Arabic on the Quran has led to the loss of hundreds of internal rhymes.		The previous examples were internal rhymes that appear both in a classical Arabic pronunciation and in an Old Hijazi pronunciation. But when the Quran is read in Old Hijazi, hundreds of internal rhymes appear, which means that imposing classical Arabic on the Quran has led to the loss of hundreds of internal rhymes.

Asmith: /* Internal rhymes in the Quran */

2023-03-12T06:16:36Z

Internal rhymes in the Quran

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:16, 12 March 2023
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	ʾaghnā wa ʾaqnā.		ʾaghnā wa ʾaqnā.

	Old Hijazi: aghnē wa aqnē (the difference in pronunciation of the final letter here reflects a difference between Classical Arabic and Old Hijazi as reconstructed by van Putten)<ref>{{Cite web\| title = Dissimilation of ē to ā in the Qurʾānic Consonantal Text\| author = Marijn van Putten \| work = academia.edu\| date = \| access-date = 1 March2023\|url=https://www.academia.edu/90427143/Dissimilation_of_%C4%93_to_%C4%81_in_the_Qur%CA%BE%C4%81nic_Consonantal_Text\| quote = Dissimilation of ē to ā in the Qurʾānic Consonantal Text		Old Hijazi: aghnē wa aqnē (the difference in pronunciation of the final letter in each word here reflects a difference between Classical Arabic and Old Hijazi as reconstructed by van Putten)<ref>{{Cite web\| title = Dissimilation of ē to ā in the Qurʾānic Consonantal Text\| author = Marijn van Putten \| work = academia.edu\| date = \| access-date = 1 March2023\|url=https://www.academia.edu/90427143/Dissimilation_of_%C4%93_to_%C4%81_in_the_Qur%CA%BE%C4%81nic_Consonantal_Text\| quote = Dissimilation of ē to ā in the Qurʾānic Consonantal Text
	}} </ref>		}} </ref>

Asmith: /* Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith */

2023-03-12T06:13:46Z

Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:13, 12 March 2023
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	==Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith==		==Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith==
	The first example is from the seven aḥruf Hadith listed in a huge number of Hadith sources. The two rhyming words in this Hadith always come at a possible pausal position and sometimes at the end of the Hadith, such as:		The first example is from the seven aḥruf Hadith listed in a huge number of Hadith sources. The two rhyming words in this Hadith always come at a possible pausal position and sometimes at the end of the Hadith, such as:

Asmith: /* Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith */

2023-03-12T06:13:40Z

Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:13, 12 March 2023
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	==Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith==		==Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith==
	The first example is from the seven aḥruf Hadith listed in a huge number of Hadith sources. The two rhyming words in this Hadith always come at a possible pausal position and sometimes at the end of the Hadith, such as:		The first example is from the seven aḥruf Hadith listed in a huge number of Hadith sources. The two rhyming words in this Hadith always come at a possible pausal position and sometimes at the end of the Hadith, such as:



	Musannaf of Ibn Abi Shaybah. Dar Al-Taj. vol.6 p.137		Musannaf of Ibn Abi Shaybah. Dar Al-Taj. vol.6 p.137

Asmith: /* Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith */

2023-03-12T06:13:28Z

Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:13, 12 March 2023
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	==Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith==		==Examples of Old Hijazi internal rhymes in Hadith==
	The first example is from the seven aḥruf Hadith listed in a huge number of Hadith sources. The two rhyming words in this Hadith always come at a possible pausal position and sometimes at the end of the Hadith, such as:		The first example is from the seven aḥruf Hadith listed in a huge number of Hadith sources. The two rhyming words in this Hadith always come at a possible pausal position and sometimes at the end of the Hadith, such as:

	Musannaf of Ibn Abi Shaybah. Dar Al-Taj. vol.6 p.137		Musannaf of Ibn Abi Shaybah. Dar Al-Taj. vol.6 p.137