Isa al-Masih (Jesus Christ) - Revision history

Lightyears: Automated script replacing USC-MSA hadith numbering system for Bukhari, Muslim, and Abu Dawud

2025-11-12T19:04:33Z

Automated script replacing USC-MSA hadith numbering system for Bukhari, Muslim, and Abu Dawud

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:04, 12 November 2025
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	Islam carries over its apocalyptic tradition from Christianity. As such the hadith teaches that Jesus will come back to fight for Islam.		Islam carries over its apocalyptic tradition from Christianity. As such the hadith teaches that Jesus will come back to fight for Islam.

	{{Quote\|{{~~Abudawud~~\|37\|~~4310~~}}\|Narrated AbuHurayrah:		{{Quote\|{{Abu Dawud\|\|4324\|darussalam}}\|Narrated AbuHurayrah:

	The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: There is no prophet between me and him, that is, Jesus (peace be upon him). He will descent (to the earth). When you see him, recognise him: a man of medium height, reddish fair, wearing two light yellow garments, looking as if drops were falling down from his head though it will not be wet. '''He will fight the people for the cause of Islam. He will break the cross, kill swine, and abolish jizyah. Allah will perish all religions except Islam'''. He will destroy the Antichrist and will live on the earth for forty years and then he will die. The Muslims will pray over him.}}		The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: There is no prophet between me and him, that is, Jesus (peace be upon him). He will descent (to the earth). When you see him, recognise him: a man of medium height, reddish fair, wearing two light yellow garments, looking as if drops were falling down from his head though it will not be wet. '''He will fight the people for the cause of Islam. He will break the cross, kill swine, and abolish jizyah. Allah will perish all religions except Islam'''. He will destroy the Antichrist and will live on the earth for forty years and then he will die. The Muslims will pray over him.}}

	{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|4\|55\|~~657~~}}\|Narrated Abu Huraira:		{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|\|\|3448\|darussalam}}\|Narrated Abu Huraira:

	Allah’s Apostle said, “By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, surely (Jesus,) the son of Mary will soon descend amongst you and will judge mankind justly (as a Just Ruler); he will break the Cross and kill the pigs and there will be no Jizya (i.e. taxation taken from non Muslims). Money will be in abundance so that nobody will accept it, and a single prostration to Allah (in prayer) will be better than the whole world and whatever is in it.” Abu Huraira added “'''If you wish, you can recite (this verse of the Holy Book): — ‘And there is none Of the people of the Scriptures (Jews and Christians) But must believe in him (i.e Jesus as an Apostle of Allah and a human being) Before his death. And on the Day of Judgment He will be a witness Against them'''.” (4.159) (See Fateh Al Bari, Page 302 Vol 7)}}		Allah’s Apostle said, “By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, surely (Jesus,) the son of Mary will soon descend amongst you and will judge mankind justly (as a Just Ruler); he will break the Cross and kill the pigs and there will be no Jizya (i.e. taxation taken from non Muslims). Money will be in abundance so that nobody will accept it, and a single prostration to Allah (in prayer) will be better than the whole world and whatever is in it.” Abu Huraira added “'''If you wish, you can recite (this verse of the Holy Book): — ‘And there is none Of the people of the Scriptures (Jews and Christians) But must believe in him (i.e Jesus as an Apostle of Allah and a human being) Before his death. And on the Day of Judgment He will be a witness Against them'''.” (4.159) (See Fateh Al Bari, Page 302 Vol 7)}}
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	As in Christian apocalyptic literature, on judgment day Jesus will judge the people by the words of the Qur'an.		As in Christian apocalyptic literature, on judgment day Jesus will judge the people by the words of the Qur'an.

	{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|4\|55\|~~658~~}}\|Narrated Abu Huraira:		{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|\|\|3449\|darussalam}}\|Narrated Abu Huraira:

	Allah’s Apostle said “How will you be when the son of Mary (i.e. Jesus) descends amongst you and he will judge people by the Law of the Quran and not by the law of Gospel (Fateh-ul Bari page 304 and 305 Vol 7)}}		Allah’s Apostle said “How will you be when the son of Mary (i.e. Jesus) descends amongst you and he will judge people by the Law of the Quran and not by the law of Gospel (Fateh-ul Bari page 304 and 305 Vol 7)}}

CPO675: /* Masīḥ in the Qurʾan */ Added a paragraph on another 'Christian' name in the Qur'an that seems to not be the most appropriate to use for accuracy.

2025-09-14T20:28:29Z

Masīḥ in the Qurʾan: Added a paragraph on another 'Christian' name in the Qur'an that seems to not be the most appropriate to use for accuracy.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:28, 14 September 2025
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	=== The name ʿĪsā ===		=== The name ʿĪsā ===
	The name ʿĪsā does not appear to be the Arabised version of Jesus's (real) Hebrew name ''Yeshuaʿ'', Nickel (2017) notes ''The first thing the reader of the Qurʾān notices in reading the Arabic text of the Qurʾānic material about Jesus is that he is not called Yasūʿ, as one might expect from the Semitic milieu, but rather ʿĪsā. In terms of the Arabic root letters, the ʿayn and yāʾ seem to have switched positions.''<ref>Nickel, Gordon D. “''Jesus in the Qur'an.” pp. 289.'' The Wiley Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an, Second Edition, 2017, pp. 288–302.</ref>		The name ʿĪsā does not appear to be the Arabised version of Jesus's (real) Hebrew name ''Yeshuaʿ'', Nickel (2017) notes ''The first thing the reader of the Qurʾān notices in reading the Arabic text of the Qurʾānic material about Jesus is that he is not called Yasūʿ, as one might expect from the Semitic milieu, but rather ʿĪsā. In terms of the Arabic root letters, the ʿayn and yāʾ seem to have switched positions.''<ref>Nickel, Gordon D. “''Jesus in the Qur'an.” pp. 289.'' The Wiley Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an, Second Edition, 2017, pp. 288–302.</ref>

			This is not the only obscure Christian-related name in the Qur'an; for the name "Christians" itself, rather than using ''masīḥiyyūn'' (the self-identifying name of Arabic-speaking Christians as one would expect, derived from the Greek ''kristianoi'' and Syriac ''mshīḥāyē'' or ''krīstyānē'') the Qur’an consistently refers to Christians as ''naṣārā''.<ref name=":0">Reynolds, Gabriel Said. 2025. ''Christianity and the Qur'an: The Rise of Islam in Christian Arabia (pp. 2-3).'' Yale University Press. Kindle Edition.</ref> This term appears connected to Jesus’s hometown, Nazareth (''al-nāṣira'' in Arabic), and is also employed in a disparaging sense for Jesus’s followers in the Book of Acts 24, and in certain post-biblical pre-Islamic sources.<ref name=":0" />

	== The Messiah (al-Masīḥ) ==		== The Messiah (al-Masīḥ) ==

CPO675: /* The Conception of Isa */ Added a very small section on the name Isa, and noted it not matching Jesus's original/real name.

2025-08-10T13:49:29Z

The Conception of Isa: Added a very small section on the name Isa, and noted it not matching Jesus's original/real name.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:49, 10 August 2025
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	(And We breathed into it (private part) through Our Ruh,) meaning, through the angel Jibril. Allah sent the angel Jibril to Maryam, and he came to her in the shape of a man in every respect. Allah commanded him to blow into a gap of her garment and that breath went into her womb through her private part; this is how `Isa was conceived.}}		(And We breathed into it (private part) through Our Ruh,) meaning, through the angel Jibril. Allah sent the angel Jibril to Maryam, and he came to her in the shape of a man in every respect. Allah commanded him to blow into a gap of her garment and that breath went into her womb through her private part; this is how `Isa was conceived.}}

			=== The name ʿĪsā ===
			The name ʿĪsā does not appear to be the Arabised version of Jesus's (real) Hebrew name ''Yeshuaʿ'', Nickel (2017) notes ''The first thing the reader of the Qurʾān notices in reading the Arabic text of the Qurʾānic material about Jesus is that he is not called Yasūʿ, as one might expect from the Semitic milieu, but rather ʿĪsā. In terms of the Arabic root letters, the ʿayn and yāʾ seem to have switched positions.''<ref>Nickel, Gordon D. “''Jesus in the Qur'an.” pp. 289.'' The Wiley Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an, Second Edition, 2017, pp. 288–302.</ref>

	== The Messiah (al-Masīḥ) ==		== The Messiah (al-Masīḥ) ==

CPO675: /* The Crucifixion of Isa */ Linked to the parallel identified in the Late Antique Parallels page as a likely source for the Islamic Jesus.

2025-08-10T11:53:21Z

The Crucifixion of Isa: Linked to the parallel identified in the Late Antique Parallels page as a likely source for the Islamic Jesus.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:53, 10 August 2025
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	{{Quote\|1=[http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/2seth.html The Second Treatise of the Great Seth]\|2="And I was in the mouths of lions. And (as for) the counsel which they planned about me against destruction of their deception and their foolishness, I did not give in to them as they had devised. And I was not afflicted at all. Those there punished me, yet I did no die in solid reality but in what appears.....For my death which they think happened, (happened) to them in their error and blindness. They nailed their man up to their death. For their minds did not see me, for they were deaf and blind. But in doing these things, they render judgment against themselves...For when I came down no one saw me. For I kept changing my forms above, transforming from appearance to appearance.}}		{{Quote\|1=[http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/2seth.html The Second Treatise of the Great Seth]\|2="And I was in the mouths of lions. And (as for) the counsel which they planned about me against destruction of their deception and their foolishness, I did not give in to them as they had devised. And I was not afflicted at all. Those there punished me, yet I did no die in solid reality but in what appears.....For my death which they think happened, (happened) to them in their error and blindness. They nailed their man up to their death. For their minds did not see me, for they were deaf and blind. But in doing these things, they render judgment against themselves...For when I came down no one saw me. For I kept changing my forms above, transforming from appearance to appearance.}}

			=== Jewish Writings on Jesus ===
			{{Main\|Parallels_Between_the_Qur%27an_and_Late_Antique_Judeo-Christian_Literature#The_End_of_Jesus's_Earthly_Mission}}
			More recent (2025) research by Professor Sean Anthony has shown strong parallels with only the 'appearance' of crucifixion to Jesus's enemies and end of Jesus's ministry on Earth with a Jewish anti-gospel work known in modern scholarship as Toledot Yeshu (The Life Story of Jesus),<ref>Sean W. Anthony; ''The Early Aramaic Toledot Yeshu and the End of Jesus’s Earthly Mission in the Qur’an.'' Studies in Late Antiquity 1 May 2025; 9 (2): 151–185. doi: <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1525/sla.2025.9.2.151</nowiki></ref> running as a counter-narrative to it by siding with the Christians views in the story, which he contends is a more likely source given the context of the passages appearing in passages criticizing the Medinan Jews' beliefs - with the motifs and counter motifs highlighted in the main article sub-section.

	===Canonical Christian Scriptures===		===Canonical Christian Scriptures===

CPO675: /* Masīḥ in the Qurʾan */ Small edit on Jesus not being a particularly prominent character across the Qur'an, citing Angelika Neuwirth.

2024-10-27T16:56:33Z

Masīḥ in the Qurʾan: Small edit on Jesus not being a particularly prominent character across the Qur'an, citing Angelika Neuwirth.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:56, 27 October 2024
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	Despite its potential semantic analysability, however, the expression al-masīḥ appears to be little more than a fossilised title in the Qur’an that does not convey any properly messianic expectations of the sort that imbue the New Testament title christos (Robinson 2003b, 12–13; Durie 2018, 157–164; see also QP 310–311). The fact that al-masīḥ can be followed by the matronymic “son of Mary” without an intervening “Jesus” (see Q 5:17.72.75) further heightens the impression that it behaves largely like an alternative proper name for Jesus; although al-masīḥ may formally be described as a laqab or “descriptive epithet,” which “would normally have a recognizable meaning” (Durie 2018, 161), there is no clear Qur’anic evidence to confirm that the Qur’an’s addressees did in fact connect the title al-masīḥ with the verb masaḥa, “to wipe,” which is only employed in the context of regulating the ablutions to be performed before prayer (Q 4:43, 5:6). Translationally, this state of affairs is best conveyed by rendering al-masīḥ as “Christ” rather than as “the Messiah” or “the anointed one,” seeing that in ordinary English usage “Christ” has come to function as a semantically opaque quasi-surname of Jesus (thus also Stewart 2021, 54–56).		Despite its potential semantic analysability, however, the expression al-masīḥ appears to be little more than a fossilised title in the Qur’an that does not convey any properly messianic expectations of the sort that imbue the New Testament title christos (Robinson 2003b, 12–13; Durie 2018, 157–164; see also QP 310–311). The fact that al-masīḥ can be followed by the matronymic “son of Mary” without an intervening “Jesus” (see Q 5:17.72.75) further heightens the impression that it behaves largely like an alternative proper name for Jesus; although al-masīḥ may formally be described as a laqab or “descriptive epithet,” which “would normally have a recognizable meaning” (Durie 2018, 161), there is no clear Qur’anic evidence to confirm that the Qur’an’s addressees did in fact connect the title al-masīḥ with the verb masaḥa, “to wipe,” which is only employed in the context of regulating the ablutions to be performed before prayer (Q 4:43, 5:6). Translationally, this state of affairs is best conveyed by rendering al-masīḥ as “Christ” rather than as “the Messiah” or “the anointed one,” seeing that in ordinary English usage “Christ” has come to function as a semantically opaque quasi-surname of Jesus (thus also Stewart 2021, 54–56).

	The epithet al-masīḥ entered Arabic prior to the Qur’an: it is reported that ʿabd al-masīḥ, “servant of Christ,” was a pre-Islamic proper name (KU 130). This is confirmed by a Nabataeo-Arabic inscription from the region around Najrān (Robin et al. 2014, 1125). Moreover, the title ms1ḥ, “Messiah,” features in Epigraphic South Arabian inscriptions by the Christian king Abraha (Sima 2004, 25; Robin 2015a, 153–154, 164, 169).}}		The epithet al-masīḥ entered Arabic prior to the Qur’an: it is reported that ʿabd al-masīḥ, “servant of Christ,” was a pre-Islamic proper name (KU 130). This is confirmed by a Nabataeo-Arabic inscription from the region around Najrān (Robin et al. 2014, 1125). Moreover, the title ms1ḥ, “Messiah,” features in Epigraphic South Arabian inscriptions by the Christian king Abraha (Sima 2004, 25; Robin 2015a, 153–154, 164, 169).}}This also may be why despite being called the Messiah, he does not feature particularly prominently in the Qur'an.
			{{Quote\|Neuwirth, Angelika. The Qur'an and Late Antiquity: A Shared Heritage (Oxford Studies in Late Antiquity) (p. 290). Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition.\|It is initially striking that, notwithstanding the numerous Christian traditions reflected in the Qur’an,<sup>56</sup> the figure of Jesus himself is not very prominent in the Qur’an. At his first appearance, he does not figure independently but rather as an accompanying figure in a story about his mother, and remains closely bound up to her. The Qur’anic Jesus, ʿĪsā, bears the matronymic Ibn Maryam, “son of Mary,” obviously a polemically motivated “overwriting” of his Christian title “Son of God,” and this already signals his exclusively inner-worldly role in the Qur’an. The story of his life is not told coherently, but individual reports are scattered throughout the entire Qur’an,<sup>57</sup> without crystalizing into a coherent vita, as for example in the case of Moses.}}

	==No More Than a Messenger==		==No More Than a Messenger==

CPO675: /* The Conception of Isa */ Have added a section on the loss of theological meaning of 'the messiah' from the bible to the Quran, citing the academic works of Mark Durie and Nicolai Sinai - highlighting it's difference to the Christian Jesus.

2024-07-14T19:12:40Z

The Conception of Isa: Have added a section on the loss of theological meaning of 'the messiah' from the bible to the Quran, citing the academic works of Mark Durie and Nicolai Sinai - highlighting it's difference to the Christian Jesus.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:12, 14 July 2024
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	(And We breathed into it (private part) through Our Ruh,) meaning, through the angel Jibril. Allah sent the angel Jibril to Maryam, and he came to her in the shape of a man in every respect. Allah commanded him to blow into a gap of her garment and that breath went into her womb through her private part; this is how `Isa was conceived.}}		(And We breathed into it (private part) through Our Ruh,) meaning, through the angel Jibril. Allah sent the angel Jibril to Maryam, and he came to her in the shape of a man in every respect. Allah commanded him to blow into a gap of her garment and that breath went into her womb through her private part; this is how `Isa was conceived.}}

			== The Messiah (al-Masīḥ) ==
			The term "al-Masīḥ" in the Qurʾan, referring to ʿĪsā (Jesus), presents an intriguing case of linguistic and theological borrowing from the Biblical tradition into the Islamic text. As Durie 2018 shows, while '''al-Masīḥ''' as a phonological form has Biblical origins, its Qurʾanic usage does not carry the theological weight or implications it holds in the Biblical tradition. The incorporation of this term into the Qurʾan illustrates a borrowing process that involves the adaptation of a superficial feature stripping away its original theological significance from one religious tradition into another, serving a different theological function simply as a 'fossilized title' in its new context.<ref>Durie, Mark. ''The Qur’an and Its Biblical Reflexes: Investigations into the Genesis of a Religion. 6.2 Christology (p. 315 - 325)''. Lexington Books. 2018.</ref>

			=== Messiah in the Bible and Biblical Theology ===
			In the Hebrew Bible, the term '''māshiaḥ''' (Greek: '''messías''' or '''christós''') carries rich narrative, ritual, and theological connotations. It means "anointed one" and is applied to kings of Israel, signifying their consecration and divine favor through anointing with oil. This practice is seen in the anointing of Saul (1 Samuel 10:1)<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Samuel%2010&version=ESV ''1 Samuel 10.''] Saul Anointed King. English Standard Version. Biblegateway.com</ref> and David (1 Samuel 16:13).<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Samuel%2016%3A1-13&version=NIV ''1 Samuel 16:1-13.''] Samuel Anoints David. English Standard Version. Biblegateway.com</ref> Anointing was not limited to kings but extended to priests<ref>''[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2028%3A41&version=NIV Exodus 28:41.]'' Other Priestly Garments. English Standard Version. Biblegateway.com</ref> and sacred objects,<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2029%3A36&version=NIV ''Exodus 29:36.''] Other Priestly Garments. English Standard Version. Biblegateway.com</ref> indicating dedication to God.

			The term '''māshiaḥ''' thus encompasses themes of kingship, divine favor, protection, and covenant, especially highlighted in God's promise to David of an eternal dynasty (2 Samuel 7:12-16).<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Samuel%207%3A12-16&version=NIV ''2 Samuel 7:12-16.''] Samuel Anoints David. English Standard Version. Biblegateway.com</ref> In the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, '''māshiaḥ''' is translated as '''christós'''. In the New Testament, '''christós''' (or '''messías''') is used as a title for Jesus, central to the proclamation of his identity and role as the fulfillment of Messianic prophecies, thus embedding Jesus deeply in the Messianic traditions of Israel.

			The borrowing is more likely from Syriac '''məšîḥ''', a regular passive participle of the root '''m-š-ḥ''' ("anoint"), used in Syriac Christian texts not only for Jesus but for other anointed Biblical figures as well.<ref>Durie, Mark. ''The Qur’an and Its Biblical Reflexes: Investigations into the Genesis of a Religion. 6.2 Christology (p. 321)''. Lexington Books. 2018.</ref>

			=== Masīḥ in the Qurʾan ===
			The Qurʾan refers to ʿĪsā as '''al-Masīḥ''' in six passages (Q3:45; Q4:157, 171–172; Q5:17, 72, 75; Q9:30-31). In these instances, '''al-Masīḥ''' is presented as part of Jesus' full name without any explicit theological or narrative context that would link it to its Biblical meanings. The term appears in the structure: laqab (descriptive epithet) + ism (personal name) + nasab (ancestry): al-Masīḥ ʿĪsā ibn Maryam.<ref>Ibid. pp 320.</ref>

			The Qurʾan does not provide any context that would suggest a meaning for '''al-Masīḥ''' beyond it being a title for ʿĪsā. There are no implications of kingship or divine favor, nor is there any association with the rich Messianic traditions found in the Bible. This absence of context suggests that the term was borrowed as a phonological form—a title stripped of its original Biblical meanings.

			This has led to various speculative interpretations by Muslim exegetes, often attempting to connect the term to Arabic roots in creative ways. However, these interpretations do not align with the original Biblical meanings.<ref>Ibid. pp 321-322.</ref>

			Nicolai Sinai similarly notes:
			{{Quote\|<i>al-masīḥ Entry {{!}} Christ Further vocabulary discussed: masaḥa intr. bi- {{!}} to wipe s.th. </i>
			Sinai, Nicolai. Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary (p. 621-622). 2023. Princeton University Press.\|Al-masīḥ is a conventional Qur’anic epithet for Jesus, whose full Qur’anic name three verses give as al-masīḥu ʿīsā bnu maryama, “al-masīḥ Jesus, the son of Mary” (Q 3:45, 4:157.171), but who is also referred to simply as al-masīḥ, as in Q 4:172 or 9:30.6 Al-masīḥ obviously reflects the Syriac title mshīḥā, “the Messiah, the anointed one,” which renders Greek christos (CQ 24–25; FVQ 265–266). Within the morphological structure of Arabic, masīḥ is formed like a regular passive verbal adjective, such as qatīl, “killed,” with the corresponding first-form verb presumably being masaḥa bi-, “to wipe s.th.” (Q 4:43, 5:6, 38:33).<sup>7</sup>

			Despite its potential semantic analysability, however, the expression al-masīḥ appears to be little more than a fossilised title in the Qur’an that does not convey any properly messianic expectations of the sort that imbue the New Testament title christos (Robinson 2003b, 12–13; Durie 2018, 157–164; see also QP 310–311). The fact that al-masīḥ can be followed by the matronymic “son of Mary” without an intervening “Jesus” (see Q 5:17.72.75) further heightens the impression that it behaves largely like an alternative proper name for Jesus; although al-masīḥ may formally be described as a laqab or “descriptive epithet,” which “would normally have a recognizable meaning” (Durie 2018, 161), there is no clear Qur’anic evidence to confirm that the Qur’an’s addressees did in fact connect the title al-masīḥ with the verb masaḥa, “to wipe,” which is only employed in the context of regulating the ablutions to be performed before prayer (Q 4:43, 5:6). Translationally, this state of affairs is best conveyed by rendering al-masīḥ as “Christ” rather than as “the Messiah” or “the anointed one,” seeing that in ordinary English usage “Christ” has come to function as a semantically opaque quasi-surname of Jesus (thus also Stewart 2021, 54–56).

			The epithet al-masīḥ entered Arabic prior to the Qur’an: it is reported that ʿabd al-masīḥ, “servant of Christ,” was a pre-Islamic proper name (KU 130). This is confirmed by a Nabataeo-Arabic inscription from the region around Najrān (Robin et al. 2014, 1125). Moreover, the title ms1ḥ, “Messiah,” features in Epigraphic South Arabian inscriptions by the Christian king Abraha (Sima 2004, 25; Robin 2015a, 153–154, 164, 169).}}

	==No More Than a Messenger==		==No More Than a Messenger==

AdrianE: Fixed some typos.

2024-05-24T19:33:30Z

Fixed some typos.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:33, 24 May 2024
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	{{Main\|Virgin Conception of Jesus in the Qur'an}}		{{Main\|Virgin Conception of Jesus in the Qur'an}}

	The Qur'anic verses 21:91 and 66:12 in conjunction with the ~~tafsir's~~, tell us the ~~Angel~~ [[Gabriel\|Jibreel]] (جبريل ''Gabriel'') was sent to breathe [[Gabriel and the Holy Spirit\|Allah's spirit]] into Maryam's (Mary's) vagina in order to conceive Jesus.		The Qur'anic verses 21:91 and 66:12 in conjunction with the tafsirs, tell us the angel [[Gabriel\|Jibreel]] (جبريل ''Gabriel'') was sent to breathe [[Gabriel and the Holy Spirit\|Allah's spirit]] into Maryam's (Mary's) vagina in order to conceive Jesus.

	{{quote \|1=[http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=66&tid=54466 Tafsir 'ibn Kathir - Quran 66:12]\|2=		{{quote \|1=[http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=66&tid=54466 Tafsir 'ibn Kathir - Quran 66:12]\|2=
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	==No More Than a Messenger==		==No More Than a Messenger==
	The Qur'an designates Jesus as a "rasul" (رسول) "messenger" or "apostle", putting him on the same level as the prophet Muhammad ~~and the~~ in this regard. This is, in effect, an attack on the trinitarian, god-unity conception of him in orthodox Christianity, which is underscored by how he is placed together with the other "messengers."		The Qur'an designates Jesus as a "rasul" (رسول) "messenger" or "apostle", putting him on the same level as the prophet Muhammad in this regard. This is, in effect, an attack on the trinitarian, god-unity conception of him in orthodox Christianity, which is underscored by how he is placed together with the other "messengers".

	{{Quote\| {{Quran\|5\|75}}\|Christ the son of Mary was no more than a messenger; many were the messengers that passed away before him. His mother was a woman of truth. They had both to eat their (daily) food. See how Allah doth make His signs clear to them; yet see in what ways they are deluded away from the truth!}}		{{Quote\| {{Quran\|5\|75}}\|Christ the son of Mary was no more than a messenger; many were the messengers that passed away before him. His mother was a woman of truth. They had both to eat their (daily) food. See how Allah doth make His signs clear to them; yet see in what ways they are deluded away from the truth!}}
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	===Canonical Christian Scriptures===		===Canonical Christian Scriptures===

	The doctrine of Jesus' escape from the crucifixion starkly contrasts with all of the writings of Paul the apostle, as well as the canonical gospels, which along with the testimony of some Roman historians such as Tacitus and Josephus constitute our earliest testimony on the life of Jesus. The Roman historians ~~afore-mentioned~~ agree with the gospels that Jesus was executed by the Roman state, and modern historians tend to rate the reality of the crucifixion as the single most certainly true aspect of the gospels.		The doctrine of Jesus' escape from the crucifixion starkly contrasts with all of the writings of Paul the apostle, as well as the canonical gospels, which along with the testimony of some Roman historians such as Tacitus and Josephus constitute our earliest testimony on the life of Jesus. The aforementioned Roman historians agree with the gospels that Jesus was executed by the Roman state, and modern historians tend to rate the reality of the crucifixion as the single most certainly true aspect of the gospels.

	<big>'''Gospels'''</big>		<big>'''Gospels'''</big>
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	==The Return of Isa==		==The Return of Isa==

	Muslim ~~apacolyptic~~ literature says that Jesus will return as a Muslim and will break the cross (destroy Christianity), kill swine (This may be a reference to the destruction of the Jews, as the [[Qur'an]] says Jews were once turned into apes and pigs <ref>{{Quran\|5\|60}}</ref>), and advance the cause of [[Islam]]. He will also abolish the [[jizyah]], which will leave Jews and Christians with only two options, to convert to Islam or face execution and enslavement. Verse 9:29 calls for the subduing of ~~Jew~~ and Christians.		Muslim apocalyptic literature says that Jesus will return as a Muslim and will break the cross (destroy Christianity), kill swine (This may be a reference to the destruction of the Jews, as the [[Qur'an]] says Jews were once turned into apes and pigs<ref>{{Quran\|5\|60}}</ref>), and advance the cause of [[Islam]]. He will also abolish the [[jizyah]], which will leave Jews and Christians with only two options, to convert to Islam or face execution and enslavement. Verse 9:29 calls for the subduing of Jews and Christians.

	{{Quote\|{{Quran\|9\|29}}\|Fight those who believe not in Allah or the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, '''(even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued'''.}}		{{Quote\|{{Quran\|9\|29}}\|Fight those who believe not in Allah or the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, '''(even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued'''.}}
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	===Hadith===		===Hadith===

	Islam carries over its ~~apacolyptic~~ tradition from Christianity. As such the hadith teaches that Jesus will come back to fight for Islam.		Islam carries over its apocalyptic tradition from Christianity. As such the hadith teaches that Jesus will come back to fight for Islam.

	{{Quote\|{{Abudawud\|37\|4310}}\|Narrated AbuHurayrah:		{{Quote\|{{Abudawud\|37\|4310}}\|Narrated AbuHurayrah:
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	Allah’s Apostle said, “By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, surely (Jesus,) the son of Mary will soon descend amongst you and will judge mankind justly (as a Just Ruler); he will break the Cross and kill the pigs and there will be no Jizya (i.e. taxation taken from non Muslims). Money will be in abundance so that nobody will accept it, and a single prostration to Allah (in prayer) will be better than the whole world and whatever is in it.” Abu Huraira added “'''If you wish, you can recite (this verse of the Holy Book): — ‘And there is none Of the people of the Scriptures (Jews and Christians) But must believe in him (i.e Jesus as an Apostle of Allah and a human being) Before his death. And on the Day of Judgment He will be a witness Against them'''.” (4.159) (See Fateh Al Bari, Page 302 Vol 7)}}		Allah’s Apostle said, “By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, surely (Jesus,) the son of Mary will soon descend amongst you and will judge mankind justly (as a Just Ruler); he will break the Cross and kill the pigs and there will be no Jizya (i.e. taxation taken from non Muslims). Money will be in abundance so that nobody will accept it, and a single prostration to Allah (in prayer) will be better than the whole world and whatever is in it.” Abu Huraira added “'''If you wish, you can recite (this verse of the Holy Book): — ‘And there is none Of the people of the Scriptures (Jews and Christians) But must believe in him (i.e Jesus as an Apostle of Allah and a human being) Before his death. And on the Day of Judgment He will be a witness Against them'''.” (4.159) (See Fateh Al Bari, Page 302 Vol 7)}}

	As in Christian ~~apacolyptic~~ literature, on judgment day ~~arrives~~ Jesus will judge the people by the words of the Qur'an.		As in Christian apocalyptic literature, on judgment day Jesus will judge the people by the words of the Qur'an.

	{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|4\|55\|658}}\|Narrated Abu Huraira:		{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|4\|55\|658}}\|Narrated Abu Huraira:
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	Allah’s Apostle said “How will you be when the son of Mary (i.e. Jesus) descends amongst you and he will judge people by the Law of the Quran and not by the law of Gospel (Fateh-ul Bari page 304 and 305 Vol 7)}}		Allah’s Apostle said “How will you be when the son of Mary (i.e. Jesus) descends amongst you and he will judge people by the Law of the Quran and not by the law of Gospel (Fateh-ul Bari page 304 and 305 Vol 7)}}

	It is further worth noting that the life and purpose of Jesus as outlined in the Islamic scriptures a great deal from the narrative presented regarding Jesus in Christian scriptures.		It is further worth noting that the life and purpose of Jesus as outlined in the Islamic scriptures differs a great deal from the narrative presented regarding Jesus in Christian scriptures.

	==See Also==		==See Also==

CPO675: /* External Links */ Added a reputable YouTube link on the subject

2023-09-20T19:01:45Z

External Links: Added a reputable YouTube link on the subject

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	*[http://www.answering-islam.org/Intro/islamic_jesus.html Dr. Mark Durie - Isa, the Muslim Jesus]		*[http://www.answering-islam.org/Intro/islamic_jesus.html Dr. Mark Durie - Isa, the Muslim Jesus]
	*[http://answering-islam.org/authors/adams/crucifixion_confusion.html Derik Adams - The Confusion of Islam regarding the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ]		*[http://answering-islam.org/authors/adams/crucifixion_confusion.html Derik Adams - The Confusion of Islam regarding the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ]
			*[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=islamwhattheydonttellyou164 islamwhattheydonttellyou164 - Jesus as Isa: The Honest Truth] - ''YouTube Video''

	==References==		==References==

Asmith at 20:30, 14 June 2021

2021-06-14T20:30:22Z

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	{{QualityScore\|Lead=1\|Structure=2\|Content=2\|Language=3\|References=3}}		{{QualityScore\|Lead=2\|Structure=2\|Content=2\|Language=4\|References=3}}
	[[File:Ascension of Isa.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|An old Turkish depiction of the ascension of the Islamic Isa.]]		[[File:Ascension of Isa.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|An old Turkish depiction of the ascension of the Islamic Isa.]]
	In orthodox [[Islam]], '''Isa al-Masih''' (عيسى المسيح usually translated as ''Jesus Christ'') is believed to be a prophet, second in rank to [[Muhammad]], and not the son of God. Indeed, associating divinity with Jesus is decried as blasphemy in the Qur'an time and again. The [[Qur'an]], though, does have its own [[Qur'anic Christology\|Christological vision]] of Jesus' mission on earth and his incarnation in the virgin Mary. Islamic holy literature including the Qur'an also carries over many fantastic tales of the doings of Jesus from [[Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures\|apocryphal]] literature.		In orthodox [[Islam]], '''Isa al-Masih''' (عيسى المسيح usually translated as ''Jesus Christ'') is believed to be a prophet, second in rank to [[Muhammad]], and not the son of God. Indeed, associating divinity with Jesus is decried as blasphemy in the Qur'an time and again. The [[Qur'an]], though, does have its own [[Qur'anic Christology\|Christological vision]] of Jesus' mission on earth and his incarnation in the virgin Mary. Islamic holy literature including the Qur'an also carries over many fantastic tales of the doings of Jesus from [[Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures\|apocryphal]] literature.

Asmith: /* Canonical Christian Scriptures */

2021-06-06T08:25:07Z

Canonical Christian Scriptures

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	The doctrine of Jesus' escape from the crucifixion starkly contrasts with all of the writings of Paul the apostle, as well as the canonical gospels, which along with the testimony of some Roman historians such as Tacitus and Josephus constitute our earliest testimony on the life of Jesus. The Roman historians afore-mentioned agree with the gospels that Jesus was executed by the Roman state, and modern historians tend to rate the reality of the crucifixion as the single most certainly true aspect of the gospels.		The doctrine of Jesus' escape from the crucifixion starkly contrasts with all of the writings of Paul the apostle, as well as the canonical gospels, which along with the testimony of some Roman historians such as Tacitus and Josephus constitute our earliest testimony on the life of Jesus. The Roman historians afore-mentioned agree with the gospels that Jesus was executed by the Roman state, and modern historians tend to rate the reality of the crucifixion as the single most certainly true aspect of the gospels.

	<big>'''~~God~~'''</big>		<big>'''Gospels'''</big>

	*[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2027:32-66,%2028:1-20&version=NIV Matthew 27:32-66, 28:1-20 NIV]		*[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2027:32-66,%2028:1-20&version=NIV Matthew 27:32-66, 28:1-20 NIV]

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	{{QualityScore\|Lead=1\|Structure=2\|Content=2\|Language=3\|References=3}}		{{QualityScore\|Lead=2\|Structure=2\|Content=2\|Language=4\|References=3}}
	[[File:Ascension of Isa.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|An old Turkish depiction of the ascension of the Islamic Isa.]]		[[File:Ascension of Isa.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|An old Turkish depiction of the ascension of the Islamic Isa.]]
	In orthodox [[Islam]], '''Isa al-Masih''' (عيسى المسيح usually translated as ''Jesus Christ'') is believed to be a prophet, second in rank to [[Muhammad]], and not the son of God. Indeed, associating divinity with Jesus is decried as blasphemy in the Qur'an time and again. The [[Qur'an]], though, does have its own [[Qur'anic Christology\|Christological vision]] of Jesus' mission on earth and his incarnation in the virgin Mary. Islamic holy literature including the Qur'an also carries over many fantastic tales of the doings of Jesus from [[Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures\|apocryphal]] literature.		In orthodox [[Islam]], '''Isa al-Masih''' (عيسى المسيح usually translated as ''Jesus Christ'') is believed to be a prophet, second in rank to [[Muhammad]], and not the son of God. Indeed, associating divinity with Jesus is decried as blasphemy in the Qur'an time and again. The [[Qur'an]], though, does have its own [[Qur'anic Christology\|Christological vision]] of Jesus' mission on earth and his incarnation in the virgin Mary. Islamic holy literature including the Qur'an also carries over many fantastic tales of the doings of Jesus from [[Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures\|apocryphal]] literature.