Kafir - Revision history

Asmith: Asmith moved page Kaffir to Kafir: better transliteration

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Asmith moved page Kaffir to Kafir: better transliteration

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Asmith: Created page with "{{QualityScore|Lead=3|Structure=3|Content=3|Language=3|References=2}}In Islamic terminology, a '''kāfir''' (كافر ; plural كفّار ''kuffār'') is a ''disbeliever'', or..."

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Created page with "{{QualityScore|Lead=3|Structure=3|Content=3|Language=3|References=2}}In Islamic terminology, a '''kāfir''' (كافر ; plural كفّار ''kuffār'') is a ''disbeliever'', or..."

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{{QualityScore|Lead=3|Structure=3|Content=3|Language=3|References=2}}In Islamic terminology, a '''kāfir''' (كافر ; plural كفّار ''kuffār'') is a ''disbeliever'', or someone who rejects or does not believe in [[Allah]] as the one and only God and [[Muhammad]] as the final messenger of Allah.<ref>"...''Kafir: Literally means "a disbeliever". In Islam it refers to one who rejects Allah and who '''does not believe in Muhammad''' sallallahu alayhi wa sallam as the final messenger of Allah.''..." - [http://www.as-sidq.org/glossary.html Islamic Glossary]</ref><ref>"...''kafir noun (pl=kuffar) ''
1. (Islam) infidel, Infidel, pagan, non-believer; a non-Muslim aside from ahl al-kitab (Christians, Jews, etc.).
2. (Islam) Infidel, pagan, non-believer;''' any non-Muslim'''. Ref: Shaykh Al-Islam ibn Taymiyyah (Rahimullah) v27 p264: "Whosoever does not forbid people from the deen of the Jews and Christians after the prophethood of the messenger Muhammad (saw) nor declares them kafir nor hates them, he is not a Muslim by the consensus of ALL Muslims, their scholars and the general public."''..."[http://www.allwords.com/word-kafir.html AllWords.com - kafir]''</ref> In the context of Islamic scriptures, "kafir" is the broadest, all encompassing category of non-Muslim, which includes all other sub-categories, such as ''mushrikun'', or polytheists (lit. "those who do ''shirk''", that is, attribute partners to God), ''dahriyah'', or those who deny the existence of any gods outright, as well as those who would today identify as agnostics, or suggest simply their ignorance of the existence of any gods.

Traditionally, a non-Muslim is called a ''Kafir''.

The [[Quran]] instructs believers, to kidnap and [[Slavery_in_Islamic_Law|enslave non-believers]], later interpreted as the ''kuffār'' from [[Dar al-Harb and Dar al-Islam (the Abodes of War and Peace)|Dar al Harb]].<ref>{{Citation|url=https://archive.org/details/islamabolitionof0000clar|title=Islam and the Abolition of Slavery|page=27–28|publisher=Oxford University Press|ISBN=978-0-19-522151-0|author=William Gervase Clarence-Smith|year=2006}}</ref> Jews and Christians were required to pay the [[jizyah]] while pagans were required to either accept Islam or die.<ref>{{cite web |title=Islam |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |location=New York |date=17 August 2021|access-date=12 January 2022}}</ref>

==Theological struggles==
Theologically implicating one to hell, the word "kāfir" is highly charged and accusatory, no matter its use, but finds slight nuance in meaning depending on who it is used to describe as well as who is using it as a descriptor.

The word is also contrasted with the "''jāhiliyyah''" or "ignorance" that is said to have existed prior to the advent of Islam. In this respect, contrasted with the period of ignorance, those around subsequent to the revelation of Islam cannot be considered to live in an age where Islam is unknown, hence making a justification of unbelief impossible.

It should be noted, however, that even while the pre-Islamic Arabs were admittedly "jāhil" or "ignorant", they are still considered ''kuffār'' - even Muhammad's father, [[Abdullah]], and mother, Aminah, were described by Muhammad (as recorded in Sahih Muslim) as "burning in Hell". Ignorance, thus, it would appear does not absolve one of their ''kufr'' (that is, the act of disbelieving or being a kāfir).

Many Sunni theologians found the narration on the fate of Abdullah and Aminah troubling and ultimately decided to ignore the narration, overriding it on theological and moral principle. Indeed this was so troubling to the early Muslims that hadith were fabricated arguing that Abdullah and Aminah had been resurrected subsequent to Muhammad's declaration that they were burning in hell, in order to convert to Islam, die once more, and enter paradise. This hadith was later acknowledged, however, to be a fabrication. While theologians continue to have a hard time consigning the ignorant to hell under the label of "''kuffār''", Islamic scriptures are more clear.

==Definitions==

===In the case of non-Muslims===
The root of the word "kafir" means "to conceal", and thus the word "kafir" implies or derives from the meaning of "one who conceals" and entails insincerity and even active deception on the part of the person being labeled a "kafir". That orthodox Islamic doctrine (following upon the Qur'an) categorically describes [[non-Muslims]] as ''kuffar'' can prove problematic in an an interfaith context, as it suggests that all non-Muslims are deliberately deceiving themselves and others by not embracing Islam which they, in fact, know to be true.

The other meaning implied in the root of the word "kafir" is "to be ungrateful", thus allowing the word "kafir" to be alternatively translated as "ingrate". This is likewise problematic in interfaith contexts as it entails the suggestion that all non-Muslims are somehow or the other ungrateful beings, in special distinction from Muslims, who are not so ungrateful.

===In the case of Muslims===
The word is also often used in the Qur'an as descriptive of Muslims who commit grave sins which offend Allah, though this meaning is more broadly understood to be metaphorical, as [[Sunni]] and [[Shi'ism]] theologians did not consider sins (other than polytheism) as causing one to constitute the act of [[apostasy]], as this would have severe [[Islamic Law|legal implications]].

In this metaphorical sense, the word kafir can be understood to mean "ingrate", and is commonly used alongside and interchanged with such similarly insulting and accusative titles as ''faasiq'', meaning "sinner" or "corrupted person", and ''munafiq'', or "hypocrite". As a result, the word "kafir" finds frequent use in the Muslim world as an extreme form of insult or rebuke.

===''Kharijite'', literalist interpretations===
One of the first heretical sects in Islamic history were the ''Kharijites'' who defected from the party of [[Ali]] (''shi'at Ali'' - these were the proto-Shi'ites) during the first civil war (''fitnah'') of [[Caliph|Caliphal]] succession. This group distinguished themselves from other Muslims by their literal interpretation of scriptures which describe sinful Muslims as non-believers. On this interpretation, any Muslim who committed a sin or, in their assessment, failed to judge "by what Allah has revealed" (that is, in this particular case, those who did not follow Islamic political injunctions) was a disbeliever and, consequently, an apostate deserving nothing short of war and death.

This approach ultimately devolves to the practice of declaring that someone who describes themselves as Muslim is, in fact, a non-Muslim or, worse, and apostate. This is known as [[Takfeer|''takfeer'']], or excommunication. Many extremist and [[Jihad|jihadi]] [[Salafi|salafist]] Muslims today employ this practice to justify their attacks on other Muslim populations who disagree with, in practice ''or'' word, their interpretation of Islam.
==With relation to the people of other Abrahamic faiths==
Although Christians and Jews are called the [[People of the Book|People of the Book]] (أهل الكتاب ''ahl al-kitab'', a special title given by the Qur'an), orthodox Islamic teachings qualify them as disbelievers<ref>""...''the permissive people, who do not believe in any command or prohibition at all and refer to the Divine will and decree as an excuse for their evil deeds, are worse off than the Jews, Christians and Arab mushrikeen, because even though '''the latter are kaafirs''', they still believe in some kind of command and prohibition''..." - [http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/113901/atheist Atheism is a greater sin than shirk] - Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 113901</ref><ref>"...''But it is not permissible to marry her, as she is still '''a Kafir (non-Muslim)''' and has not yet embraced Islam wholeheartedly without any doubt.''..." - [http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=88328 Thinking of marrying an atheist] - Dr. Abdullah Al-faqih, Islam Web, Fatwa No. 88328, July 21, 2004</ref><ref>"...''This is something that is well known among the Muslims, and '''they are unanimously agreed that the Christians are kaafirs''', and even that those who do not regard them as kaafirs are also kaafirs''..." - [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:People of the Book]]</ref>, and hence ''kuffār''.

==Relevant Quotations==
{{See also|Qur'an}}
===Qur'an===

====Acts described in the Qur'an as constituting kufr, or unbelief.====
Calling on anyone other than Allah (i.e. for intercession).

{{Quote|{{Quran|10|106}}|And cry not, beside Allah, unto that which cannot profit thee nor hurt thee, for if thou didst so then wert thou of the wrong-doers.}}

Disliking Allah.

{{Quote|{{Quran|39|45}}|And when Allah alone is mentioned, the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter are repelled, and when those (whom they worship) beside Him are mentioned, behold! they are glad.}}

Sacrificing to anyone other than Allah.

{{Quote|{{Quran|108|2}}|So pray unto thy Lord, and sacrifice.}}

Disliking [[Islam]] or anything Islamic.

{{Quote|{{Quran|47|9}}|That is because they are averse to that which Allah hath revealed, therefor maketh He their actions fruitless.}}

Joking about Islam or anything Islamic.

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|65-66}}|65. And if thou ask them (O Muhammad) they will say: We did but talk and jest. Say: Was it at Allah and His revelations and His messenger that ye did scoff?<BR>66. Make no excuse. Ye have disbelieved after your (confession of) belief. If We forgive a party of you, a party of you We shall punish because they have been guilty.}}

Disbelieving in any of the Messengers.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|285}}|The messenger believeth in that which hath been revealed unto him from his Lord and (so do) believers. Each one believeth in Allah and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers - We make no distinction between any of His messengers - and they say: We hear, and we obey. (Grant us) Thy forgiveness, our Lord. Unto Thee is the journeying.}}

Judging by any other law aside from [[Islamic law]].

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|44}}|Lo! We did reveal the Torah, wherein is guidance and a light, by which the prophets who surrendered (unto Allah) judged the Jews, and the rabbis and the priests (judged) by such of Allah's Scripture as they were bidden to observe, and thereunto were they witnesses. So fear not mankind, but fear Me. And barter not My revelations for a little gain. Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are disbelievers.}}

Forbidding what Allah has made lawful, or make lawful what Allah has forbidden.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|275}}|Those who swallow usury cannot rise up save as he ariseth whom the devil hath prostrated by (his) touch. That is because they say: Trade is just like usury; whereas Allah permitteth trading and forbiddeth usury. He unto whom an admonition from his Lord cometh, and (he) refraineth (in obedience thereto), he shall keep (the profits of) that which is past, and his affair (henceforth) is with Allah. As for him who returneth (to usury) - Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.}}

Believing in any other religion.

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|85}}|And whoso seeketh as religion other than the Surrender (to Allah) it will not be accepted from him, and he will be a loser in the Hereafter.}}

Leaving Islam.

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|217}}|They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.}}

Giving assistance to disbelievers against Muslims.

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|28}}|Let not the believers take disbelievers for their friends in preference to believers. Whoso doeth that hath no connection with Allah unless (it be) that ye but guard yourselves against them, taking (as it were) security. Allah biddeth you beware (only) of Himself. Unto Allah is the journeying.}}

Disbelieving in Muhammad.

{{Quote|{{Quran|98|6}}|Lo! those who disbelieve, among the People of the Scripture and the idolaters, will abide in fire of hell. They are the worst of created beings.}}

====Guidelines on how to deal with disbelievers====
The Muslims must remain united in opposition to the disbelievers, and maintain faith, while refusing to take the disbelievers as friends. If the disbelievers acquiesce but then return "to enmity", they must be slayed, unless they have a treaty with the Muslims or seek refuge amongst them. Finally, if the disbelievers "incline to peace", so too should the Muslims.

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|88-90}}|88. What aileth you that ye are become two parties regarding the hypocrites, when Allah cast them back (to disbelief) because of what they earned? Seek ye to guide him whom Allah hath sent astray? He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him thou (O Muhammad) canst not find a road.<BR>
89. They long that ye should disbelieve even as they disbelieve, that ye may be upon a level (with them). So choose not friends from them till they forsake their homes in the way of Allah; if they turn back (to enmity) then take them and kill them wherever ye find them, and choose no friend nor helper from among them,<BR>
90. Except those who seek refuge with a people between whom and you there is a covenant, or (those who) come unto you because their hearts forbid them to make war on you or make war on their own folk. Had Allah willed He could have given them power over you so that assuredly they would have fought you. So, if they hold aloof from you and wage not war against you and offer you peace, Allah alloweth you no way against them.}}

The "sword verse", or ''ayat as-sayf'', in Arabic. The subsequent verse appears to present a conditional reprieve:

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|5-6}}|5. But when the forbidden 4 months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular [[Salah|prayers]] and practise regular [[Zakat|charity]], then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.<br>
6. If one amongst the Pagans ask thee for asylum, grant it to him, so that he may hear the word of Allah; and then escort him to where he can be secure. That is because they are men without knowledge.}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://wikiquote.org/wiki/Kafir See wikiquote's direct quotations about the Kafir from the Quran]

[[Category:Kafir (infidel)]]
[[ru:Кафир]]
[[bg:Кафир]]
[[Category:Human rights]]
[[Category:Shariah (Islamic Law)]]
[[Category:Jihad]]
[[Category:Society and human nature]]
[[Category:Apostasy]]
[[Category:Atheism]]
[[Category:Paganism]]
[[Category:Criticism of Islam]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:50, 27 March 2026
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	{{QualityScore\|Lead=3\|Structure=3\|Content=3\|Language=3\|References=2}}In Islamic terminology, a '''kāfir''' (كافر ; plural كفّار ''kuffār'') is a ''disbeliever'', or someone who rejects or does not believe in [[Allah]] as the one and only God and [[Muhammad]] as the final messenger of Allah.<ref>"...''Kafir: Literally means "a disbeliever". In Islam it refers to one who rejects Allah and who '''does not believe in Muhammad''' sallallahu alayhi wa sallam as the final messenger of Allah.''..." - [http://www.as-sidq.org/glossary.html Islamic Glossary]</ref><ref>"...''kafir noun (pl=kuffar) ''		{{QualityScore\|Lead=3\|Structure=3\|Content=3\|Language=4\|References=2}}In Islamic terminology, a '''kāfir''' (كافر ; plural كفّار ''kuffār'') is a ''disbeliever'', or someone who rejects or does not believe in [[Allah]] as the one and only God and [[Muhammad]] as the final messenger of Allah.<ref>"...''Kafir: Literally means "a disbeliever". In Islam it refers to one who rejects Allah and who '''does not believe in Muhammad''' sallallahu alayhi wa sallam as the final messenger of Allah.''..." - [http://www.as-sidq.org/glossary.html Islamic Glossary]</ref><ref>"...''kafir noun (pl=kuffar) ''
	1. (Islam) infidel, Infidel, pagan, non-believer; a non-Muslim aside from ahl al-kitab (Christians, Jews, etc.).		1. (Islam) infidel, Infidel, pagan, non-believer; a non-Muslim aside from ahl al-kitab (Christians, Jews, etc.).
	2. (Islam) Infidel, pagan, non-believer;''' any non-Muslim'''. Ref: Shaykh Al-Islam ibn Taymiyyah (Rahimullah) v27 p264: "Whosoever does not forbid people from the deen of the Jews and Christians after the prophethood of the messenger Muhammad (saw) nor declares them kafir nor hates them, he is not a Muslim by the consensus of ALL Muslims, their scholars and the general public."''..."[http://www.allwords.com/word-kafir.html AllWords.com - kafir]''</ref> In the context of Islamic scriptures, "kafir" is the broadest, all encompassing category of non-Muslim, which includes all other sub-categories, such as ''mushrikun'', or polytheists (lit. "those who do ''shirk''", that is, attribute partners to God), ''dahriyah'', or those who deny the existence of any gods outright, as well as those who would today identify as agnostics, or suggest simply their ignorance of the existence of any gods.		2. (Islam) Infidel, pagan, non-believer;''' any non-Muslim'''. Ref: Shaykh Al-Islam ibn Taymiyyah (Rahimullah) v27 p264: "Whosoever does not forbid people from the deen of the Jews and Christians after the prophethood of the messenger Muhammad (saw) nor declares them kafir nor hates them, he is not a Muslim by the consensus of ALL Muslims, their scholars and the general public."''..."[http://www.allwords.com/word-kafir.html AllWords.com - kafir]''</ref> In the context of Islamic scriptures, "kafir" is the broadest, all encompassing category of non-Muslim, which includes all other sub-categories, such as ''mushrikun'', or polytheists (lit. "those who do ''shirk''", that is, attribute partners to God), ''dahriyah'', or those who deny the existence of any gods outright, as well as those who would today identify as agnostics, or suggest simply their ignorance of the existence of any gods.
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	===''Kharijite'', literalist interpretations===		===''Kharijite'', literalist interpretations===
	One of the first heretical sects in Islamic history were the ''Kharijites'' who defected from the party of [[Ali]] (''shi'at Ali'' - these were the proto-Shi'ites) during the first civil war (''fitnah'') of [[Caliph\|Caliphal]] succession. This group distinguished themselves from other Muslims by their literal interpretation of scriptures which describe sinful Muslims as non-believers. On this interpretation, any Muslim who committed a sin or, in their assessment, failed to judge "by what Allah has revealed" (that is, in this particular case, those who did not follow Islamic political injunctions) was a disbeliever and, consequently, an apostate deserving nothing short of war and death.		One of the first heretical sects in Islamic history were the ''Kharijites'' who defected from the party of [[Ali]] (''shi'at Ali'' - these were the proto-Shi'ites) during the first civil war (''fitnah'') of [[Caliph\|Caliphal]] succession. This group distinguished themselves from other Muslims by their literal interpretation of scriptures which describe sinful Muslims as non-believers. On this interpretation, any Muslim who committed a sin or, in their assessment, failed to judge "by what Allah has revealed" (that is, in this particular case, those who did not follow Islamic political injunctions) was a kafir/disbeliever and, consequently, an apostate deserving nothing short of war and death.

	This approach ultimately devolves to the practice of declaring that someone who describes themselves as Muslim is, in fact, a non-Muslim or, worse, and apostate. This is known as [[Takfeer\|''takfeer'']], or excommunication. Many extremist and [[Jihad\|jihadi]] [[Salafi\|salafist]] Muslims today employ this practice to justify their attacks on other Muslim populations who disagree with, in practice ''or'' word, their interpretation of Islam.		This approach ultimately devolves to the practice of declaring that someone who describes themselves as Muslim is, in fact, a non-Muslim or, worse, and apostate. This is known as [[Takfeer\|''takfeer'']], or excommunication. Many extremist and [[Jihad\|jihadi]] [[Salafi\|salafist]] Muslims today employ this practice to justify their attacks on other Muslim populations who disagree with, in practice ''or'' word, their interpretation of Islam.
	==With relation to the people of other Abrahamic faiths==		==With relation to the people of other Abrahamic faiths==
	Although Christians and Jews are called the [[People of the Book\|People of the Book]] (أهل الكتاب ''ahl al-kitab'', a special title given by the Qur'an), orthodox Islamic teachings qualify them as disbelievers<ref>""...''the permissive people, who do not believe in any command or prohibition at all and refer to the Divine will and decree as an excuse for their evil deeds, are worse off than the Jews, Christians and Arab mushrikeen, because even though '''the latter are kaafirs''', they still believe in some kind of command and prohibition''..." - [http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/113901/atheist Atheism is a greater sin than shirk] - Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 113901</ref><ref>"...''But it is not permissible to marry her, as she is still '''a Kafir (non-Muslim)''' and has not yet embraced Islam wholeheartedly without any doubt.''..." - [http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=88328 Thinking of marrying an atheist] - Dr. Abdullah Al-faqih, Islam Web, Fatwa No. 88328, July 21, 2004</ref><ref>"...''This is something that is well known among the Muslims, and '''they are unanimously agreed that the Christians are kaafirs''', and even that those who do not regard them as kaafirs are also kaafirs''..." - [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:People of the Book]]</ref>, and hence ''~~kuffār~~''.		Although Christians and Jews are called the [[People of the Book\|People of the Book]] (أهل الكتاب ''ahl al-kitab'', a special title given by the Qur'an), orthodox Islamic teachings qualify them as disbelievers<ref>""...''the permissive people, who do not believe in any command or prohibition at all and refer to the Divine will and decree as an excuse for their evil deeds, are worse off than the Jews, Christians and Arab mushrikeen, because even though '''the latter are kaafirs''', they still believe in some kind of command and prohibition''..." - [http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/113901/atheist Atheism is a greater sin than shirk] - Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 113901</ref><ref>"...''But it is not permissible to marry her, as she is still '''a Kafir (non-Muslim)''' and has not yet embraced Islam wholeheartedly without any doubt.''..." - [http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=88328 Thinking of marrying an atheist] - Dr. Abdullah Al-faqih, Islam Web, Fatwa No. 88328, July 21, 2004</ref><ref>"...''This is something that is well known among the Muslims, and '''they are unanimously agreed that the Christians are kaafirs''', and even that those who do not regard them as kaafirs are also kaafirs''..." - [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:People of the Book]]</ref>, and hence ''kufār''.

	==Relevant Quotations==		==Relevant Quotations==
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	{{Quote\|{{Quran\|108\|2}}\|So pray unto thy Lord, and sacrifice.}}		{{Quote\|{{Quran\|108\|2}}\|So pray unto thy Lord, and sacrifice.}}

	Disliking ~~[[Islam]] or anything Islamic~~.		Disliking what Allah has revealed.

	{{Quote\|{{Quran\|47\|9}}\|That is because they are averse to that which Allah hath revealed, therefor maketh He their actions fruitless.}}		{{Quote\|{{Quran\|47\|9}}\|That is because they are averse to that which Allah hath revealed, therefor maketh He their actions fruitless.}}
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	{{Quote\|{{Quran\|2\|285}}\|The messenger believeth in that which hath been revealed unto him from his Lord and (so do) believers. Each one believeth in Allah and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers - We make no distinction between any of His messengers - and they say: We hear, and we obey. (Grant us) Thy forgiveness, our Lord. Unto Thee is the journeying.}}		{{Quote\|{{Quran\|2\|285}}\|The messenger believeth in that which hath been revealed unto him from his Lord and (so do) believers. Each one believeth in Allah and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers - We make no distinction between any of His messengers - and they say: We hear, and we obey. (Grant us) Thy forgiveness, our Lord. Unto Thee is the journeying.}}

	Judging by any other law aside from ~~[[Islamic law]]~~.		Judging by any other law aside from what Allah has revealed.

	{{Quote\|{{Quran\|5\|44}}\|Lo! We did reveal the Torah, wherein is guidance and a light, by which the prophets who surrendered (unto Allah) judged the Jews, and the rabbis and the priests (judged) by such of Allah's Scripture as they were bidden to observe, and thereunto were they witnesses. So fear not mankind, but fear Me. And barter not My revelations for a little gain. Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are disbelievers.}}		{{Quote\|{{Quran\|5\|44}}\|Lo! We did reveal the Torah, wherein is guidance and a light, by which the prophets who surrendered (unto Allah) judged the Jews, and the rabbis and the priests (judged) by such of Allah's Scripture as they were bidden to observe, and thereunto were they witnesses. So fear not mankind, but fear Me. And barter not My revelations for a little gain. Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are disbelievers.}}
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	{{Quote\|{{Quran\|3\|85}}\|And whoso seeketh as religion other than the Surrender (to Allah) it will not be accepted from him, and he will be a loser in the Hereafter.}}		{{Quote\|{{Quran\|3\|85}}\|And whoso seeketh as religion other than the Surrender (to Allah) it will not be accepted from him, and he will be a loser in the Hereafter.}}

	Leaving ~~Islam~~.		Leaving the religion of Allah.

	{{Quote\|{{Quran\|2\|217}}\|They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.}}		{{Quote\|{{Quran\|2\|217}}\|They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.}}

	Giving assistance to disbelievers against ~~Muslims~~.		Giving assistance to disbelievers against believers.

	{{Quote\|{{Quran\|3\|28}}\|Let not the believers take disbelievers for their friends in preference to believers. Whoso doeth that hath no connection with Allah unless (it be) that ye but guard yourselves against them, taking (as it were) security. Allah biddeth you beware (only) of Himself. Unto Allah is the journeying.}}		{{Quote\|{{Quran\|3\|28}}\|Let not the believers take disbelievers for their friends in preference to believers. Whoso doeth that hath no connection with Allah unless (it be) that ye but guard yourselves against them, taking (as it were) security. Allah biddeth you beware (only) of Himself. Unto Allah is the journeying.}}

	Disbelieving in ~~Muhammad~~.		Disbelieving in the Quran.

	{{Quote\|{{Quran\|98\|6}}\|Lo! those who disbelieve, among the People of the Scripture and the idolaters, will abide in fire of hell. They are the worst of created beings.}}		{{Quote\|{{Quran\|98\|6}}\|Lo! those who disbelieve, among the People of the Scripture and the idolaters, will abide in fire of hell. They are the worst of created beings.}}

	====Guidelines on how to deal with disbelievers====		====Guidelines on how to deal with disbelievers====
	~~The Muslims~~ must remain united in opposition to the disbelievers, and maintain faith, while refusing to take the disbelievers as friends. If the disbelievers acquiesce but then return "to enmity", they must be slayed, unless they have a treaty with the ~~Muslims~~ or seek refuge amongst them. Finally, if the disbelievers "incline to peace", so too should the ~~Muslims~~.		According to the Quran, he believers must remain united in opposition to the disbelievers, and maintain faith, while refusing to take the disbelievers as friends. If the disbelievers acquiesce but then return "to enmity", they must be slayed, unless they have a treaty with the believers or seek refuge amongst them. Finally, if the disbelievers "incline to peace", so too should the believers.

	{{Quote\|{{Quran\|4\|88-90}}\|88. What aileth you that ye are become two parties regarding the hypocrites, when Allah cast them back (to disbelief) because of what they earned? Seek ye to guide him whom Allah hath sent astray? He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him thou (O Muhammad) canst not find a road.<BR>		{{Quote\|{{Quran\|4\|88-90}}\|88. What aileth you that ye are become two parties regarding the hypocrites, when Allah cast them back (to disbelief) because of what they earned? Seek ye to guide him whom Allah hath sent astray? He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him thou (O Muhammad) canst not find a road.<BR>