Portal: Islam and Science - Revision history

Lightyears: /* Other articles in this section */

2023-11-01T02:08:10Z

Lightyears: Reduced prominence of a couple of under-developed / somewhat redundant articles on embryology

2023-08-06T15:23:26Z

Reduced prominence of a couple of under-developed / somewhat redundant articles on embryology

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:23, 6 August 2023
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	{{PortalArticle\|description=Some believe that descriptions in the Qur'an and hadith about fetal development have similarities with earlier concepts. In particular, ideas about the initial formation of a child as described in Islamic scriptures can be traced at least as far back as the Jewish Talmud and the ancient Greek physicians.\|title=Sources of Islamic Theories of Reproduction\|summary=\|image=Galen.jpg}}		{{PortalArticle\|description=Some believe that descriptions in the Qur'an and hadith about fetal development have similarities with earlier concepts. In particular, ideas about the initial formation of a child as described in Islamic scriptures can be traced at least as far back as the Jewish Talmud and the ancient Greek physicians.\|title=Sources of Islamic Theories of Reproduction\|summary=\|image=Galen.jpg}}
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	{{PortalArticle\|title=Evolution and Islam\|image=Islamevolution.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures present a version of the creation myth found in the bible, where Adam, the first man, is created by God in heaven and then sent down to Earth along with his wife, Eve, after they sin. The vast majority of Islamic scholars have interpreted this literally, and continue to do so. As a consequence of the literalism inherent in mainstream, orthodox Islam, evolution has proven challenging to reconcile with Islamic scripture.}}{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|image=Human Body.jpg\|title=The Qur'an and Human Anatomy\|description=The Qur'an is a document which was put down to paper in the 7th century, with material that may be as old as the 6th century AD. As such it evinces an understanding of science and human biology grounded in the thought of the time, which was a combination of received knowledge and the psuedo-scientific findings of Greek philosophy/science, with some practitioners of this being more and some less empirical in their investigations.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Hippocrates.jpg\|summary=\|title=Quran and Semen Production\|description=Towards the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, as part of a broad and largely Saudi-financed movement to demonstrate the concordance of Islamic scriptures and modern science, attempts have been made to not only defend the Qur'anic idea of semen production from between the sulb and the tara’ib, but also to demonstrate it as an instance of divine foreknowledge. Several specific apologies and interpretations have been proposed, critiqued, and often withdrawn.}}		{{PortalArticle\|title=Evolution and Islam\|image=Islamevolution.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures present a version of the creation myth found in the bible, where Adam, the first man, is created by God in heaven and then sent down to Earth along with his wife, Eve, after they sin. The vast majority of Islamic scholars have interpreted this literally, and continue to do so. As a consequence of the literalism inherent in mainstream, orthodox Islam, evolution has proven challenging to reconcile with Islamic scripture.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Hippocrates.jpg\|summary=\|title=Quran and Semen Production\|description=Towards the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, as part of a broad and largely Saudi-financed movement to demonstrate the concordance of Islamic scriptures and modern science, attempts have been made to not only defend the Qur'anic idea of semen production from between the sulb and the tara’ib, but also to demonstrate it as an instance of divine foreknowledge. Several specific apologies and interpretations have been proposed, critiqued, and often withdrawn.}}
	{{PortalArticle\|image=Galenembryology.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures give a detailed account of what Muhammad understood to be the process of embryological development. While modern scientists and historians agree that the presentation found in Islamic scripture is an adaption of the (inaccurate) ideas of ancient physicians, many modern Islamic scholars have argued that the embryology of Islamic scriptures is perfectly sound.\|title=Embryology in Islamic Scripture}}
	</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">		</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
	</div>		</div>
	</div>		</div>
			===Other articles in this section===
			{{col-float\|width=25em}}
			*[[Embryology in Islamic Scripture]]
			{{col-float-break\|width=25em}}
			*[[The Qur'an and Human Anatomy]]
			{{col-float-end}}

	==Cosmology==		==Cosmology==

Lightyears: /* Other articles in this section */

2023-02-15T16:41:40Z

Lightyears at 02:31, 16 January 2023

2023-01-16T02:31:12Z

Show changes

Lightyears: Moved article in need of renovation further down

2021-12-29T21:31:23Z

Moved article in need of renovation further down

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:31, 29 December 2021
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	{{PortalArticle\|image=Khnum creation from clay.gif\|title=Creation of Humans from Clay\|description=Islamic scriptures state that Adam, the first human being and man, was created from clay. The Islamic scholarly tradition has read this, as with the rest of scripture, in literal terms. In modern times, Islamic scholars have argued that there is scientific merit to the idea. Historians, on the other hand, see the idea of creation from clay as yet another adaption of a widespread ancient myth.\|summary=}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Galenembryology.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures give a detailed account of what Muhammad understood to be the process of embryological development. While modern scientists and historians agree that the presentation found in Islamic scripture is an adaption of the (inaccurate) ideas of ancient physicians, many modern Islamic scholars have argued that the embryology of Islamic scriptures is perfectly sound.\|title=Embryology in Islamic Scripture}}{{PortalArticle\|description=The Quran contains a detailed account of what Muhammad understood to be the process of embryological development. This account has received immense attention from modern Islamic scholars who have argued that it is scientifically sound. Outside the Saudi-financed publications of a handful of Western scientists, the scientific community has found these ideas to have no special scientific or historical merit.\|title=Embryology in the Quran\|summary=\|image=Human Embryo.jpg}}		{{PortalArticle\|image=Khnum creation from clay.gif\|title=Creation of Humans from Clay\|description=Islamic scriptures state that Adam, the first human being and man, was created from clay. The Islamic scholarly tradition has read this, as with the rest of scripture, in literal terms. In modern times, Islamic scholars have argued that there is scientific merit to the idea. Historians, on the other hand, see the idea of creation from clay as yet another adaption of a widespread ancient myth.\|summary=}}{{PortalArticle\|description=The Quran contains a detailed account of what Muhammad understood to be the process of embryological development. This account has received immense attention from modern Islamic scholars who have argued that it is scientifically sound. Outside the Saudi-financed publications of a handful of Western scientists, the scientific community has found these ideas to have no special scientific or historical merit.\|title=Embryology in the Quran\|summary=\|image=Human Embryo.jpg}}
			{{PortalArticle\|description=Some believe that descriptions in the Qur'an and hadith about fetal development have similarities with earlier concepts. In particular, ideas about the initial formation of a child as described in Islamic scriptures can be traced at least as far back as the Jewish Talmud and the ancient Greek physicians.\|title=Sources of Islamic Theories of Reproduction\|summary=\|image=Galen.jpg}}
	</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">		</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
	{{PortalArticle\|title=Evolution and Islam\|image=Islamevolution.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures present a version of the creation myth found in the bible, where Adam, the first man, is created by God in heaven and then sent down to Earth along with his wife, Eve, after they sin. Islamic scholars have interpreted this literally, and continue to do so. As a consequence of the literalism inherent in mainstream, orthodox Islam, evolution has proven challenging to reconcile with Islamic scripture.}}{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|image=Human Body.jpg\|title=The Qur'an and Human Anatomy\|description=The Qur'an is a document which was put down to paper in the 7th century, with material that may be as old as the 6th century AD. As such it evinces an understanding of science and human biology grounded in the thought of the time, which was a combination of received knowledge and the psuedo-scientific findings of Greek philosophy/science, with some practitioners of this being more and some less empirical in their investigations.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Hippocrates.jpg\|summary=\|title=Quran and Semen Production\|description=Towards the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, as part of a broad and largely Saudi-financed movement to demonstrate the concordance of Islamic scriptures and modern science, attempts have been made to not only defend the Qur'anic idea of semen production from between the sulb and the tara’ib, but also to demonstrate it as an instance of divine foreknowledge. Several specific apologies and interpretations have been proposed, critiqued, and often withdrawn.}}		{{PortalArticle\|title=Evolution and Islam\|image=Islamevolution.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures present a version of the creation myth found in the bible, where Adam, the first man, is created by God in heaven and then sent down to Earth along with his wife, Eve, after they sin. Islamic scholars have interpreted this literally, and continue to do so. As a consequence of the literalism inherent in mainstream, orthodox Islam, evolution has proven challenging to reconcile with Islamic scripture.}}{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|image=Human Body.jpg\|title=The Qur'an and Human Anatomy\|description=The Qur'an is a document which was put down to paper in the 7th century, with material that may be as old as the 6th century AD. As such it evinces an understanding of science and human biology grounded in the thought of the time, which was a combination of received knowledge and the psuedo-scientific findings of Greek philosophy/science, with some practitioners of this being more and some less empirical in their investigations.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Hippocrates.jpg\|summary=\|title=Quran and Semen Production\|description=Towards the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, as part of a broad and largely Saudi-financed movement to demonstrate the concordance of Islamic scriptures and modern science, attempts have been made to not only defend the Qur'anic idea of semen production from between the sulb and the tara’ib, but also to demonstrate it as an instance of divine foreknowledge. Several specific apologies and interpretations have been proposed, critiqued, and often withdrawn.}}
	{{PortalArticle\|description=~~Some believe that descriptions in~~ the ~~Qur'an and hadith about fetal~~ development ~~have similarities with earlier concepts~~. ~~In particular, ideas about~~ the ~~initial formation of a child as described~~ in Islamic ~~scriptures can be traced at least as far back as the Jewish Talmud and~~ the ancient ~~Greek~~ physicians.\|title=~~Sources of~~ Islamic ~~Theories of Reproduction\|summary=\|image=Galen.jpg~~}}		{{PortalArticle\|image=Galenembryology.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures give a detailed account of what Muhammad understood to be the process of embryological development. While modern scientists and historians agree that the presentation found in Islamic scripture is an adaption of the (inaccurate) ideas of ancient physicians, many modern Islamic scholars have argued that the embryology of Islamic scriptures is perfectly sound.\|title=Embryology in Islamic Scripture}}
	</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">		</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
	</div>		</div>
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	===Other articles in this section===		===Other articles in this section===
	{{col-float\|width=25em}}		{{col-float\|width=25em}}
			*[[Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring - Part One]]
			{{Col-float-break\|width=25em}}
	*[[Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring - Part Two]]		*[[Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring - Part Two]]
	{{col-float-break\|width=25em}}		{{col-float-break\|width=25em}}
	*[[Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring - Part One]]
	~~{{Col-float-break\|width=25em}}~~
	*[[Quran and a Universe from Smoke]]		*[[Quran and a Universe from Smoke]]
	{{col-float-end}}		{{col-float-end}}

Asmith: /* Cosmology */

2021-03-26T20:11:15Z

Cosmology

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:11, 26 March 2021
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	{{PortalArticle\|image=Ancient-Cosmology.jpg\|summary=\|title=Cosmology of the Quran\|description=Islamic cosmology draws on the cosmologies of its ancient neighbors and predecessors while being at the same time notably less sophisticated, developed, and accurate than the cosmologies of the Greeks and Romans. Islamic scholars, reading scriptures literally, accept at face value the descriptions found in religious scriptures of seven stacked disks, a sky-firmament, a universe centered around the Earth, the identity of stars and meteors, and a universe seated atop a cosmic ocean-dwelling whale and below the throne of God.}}{{PortalArticle\|title=Islamic Views on the Shape of the Earth\|image=Flat Earth The Wonders of Creation.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures imply, adhere to, and describe a flat-Earth cosmography (arranged in a geocentric system) which conceives of the earth as existing in the form of a large plane or disk. While some early Islamic authorities maintained that the earth existed in the shape of a "ball", such notions are entirely absent in the earliest Islamic scriptures.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=~~Islamic Whale~~.~~jpg~~\|summary=\|description=The Islamic whale (in Arabic الحوت الإسلامي, ''al-hoot al-islami''), is a mythological creature described in Islamic texts that carries the Earth on its back. It is also called Nun (نون), which is also the name of the Arabic letter "n" ن. Two alternative names of the whale are Liwash and Lutiaya. The details behind the mentioning of this creature is a unclear topic. There is little mention of Nun in the Quran, however there is further mention of it in other Islamic scriptures such has Hadith and Tafsir along with context verses.\|title=The Islamic Whale}}		{{PortalArticle\|image=Ancient-Cosmology.jpg\|summary=\|title=Cosmology of the Quran\|description=Islamic cosmology draws on the cosmologies of its ancient neighbors and predecessors while being at the same time notably less sophisticated, developed, and accurate than the cosmologies of the Greeks and Romans. Islamic scholars, reading scriptures literally, accept at face value the descriptions found in religious scriptures of seven stacked disks, a sky-firmament, a universe centered around the Earth, the identity of stars and meteors, and a universe seated atop a cosmic ocean-dwelling whale and below the throne of God.}}{{PortalArticle\|title=Islamic Views on the Shape of the Earth\|image=Flat Earth The Wonders of Creation.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures imply, adhere to, and describe a flat-Earth cosmography (arranged in a geocentric system) which conceives of the earth as existing in the form of a large plane or disk. While some early Islamic authorities maintained that the earth existed in the shape of a "ball", such notions are entirely absent in the earliest Islamic scriptures.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Al-Qalam.png\|summary=\|description=The Islamic whale (in Arabic الحوت الإسلامي, ''al-hoot al-islami''), is a mythological creature described in Islamic texts that carries the Earth on its back. It is also called Nun (نون), which is also the name of the Arabic letter "n" ن. Two alternative names of the whale are Liwash and Lutiaya. The details behind the mentioning of this creature is a unclear topic. There is little mention of Nun in the Quran, however there is further mention of it in other Islamic scriptures such has Hadith and Tafsir along with context verses.\|title=The Islamic Whale}}
	</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">		</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
	{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|title=Geocentrism and the Quran\|image=Geocentrism2.jpg\|description=The Qur'an mentions a few times that the sun and the moon travel in an orbit (''falak'' - a rounded course), but does not mention once that the Earth does too. This is consistent with an Earth-centered (geocentric) view of the cosmos that places a motionless Earth at the center of the universe and all "heavenly bodies" travel around the Earth. This was the prevailing understanding of the universe prior to the 16th century when Copernicus helped explain and popularize a sun-centered (heliocentric) view of the universe.}}{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures describe the Earth as being the topmost of seven terrestrial disk existing at the top of the cosmic whale known as ''al-hoot al-islami'', or The Islamic Whale, which swims about universal ocean. These disks are said to be held to whale's back by the mountains, which act as pegs. While further detail on these disks is scant, some, less well-attested scriptures describe the lower disks as inhabited by progressively more bizarre creatures. Modern science has learned nothing that would suggest the accuracy of these ideas.\|image=Sunset from the ISS.JPG\|title=Science and the Seven Earths}}{{PortalArticle\|title=The Ramadan Pole Paradox\|summary=\|image=Geographic Southpole.jpg\|description=According to Islamic laws set out in the Qur'an and hadith, the keeping and breaking of a fast and the times of prayer, among other things, are related to times of sunrise and sunset. As one gets closer to the North or South Pole, the day or night can extend to up to several months each. At the North Pole itself, daylight and darkness lasts for more than 6 months at a time. Extending the five daily prayers of a period of several months appears to undermine the Islamic ritual, however, and fasting for such a period is evidently impossible.}}		{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|title=Geocentrism and the Quran\|image=Geocentrism2.jpg\|description=The Qur'an mentions a few times that the sun and the moon travel in an orbit (''falak'' - a rounded course), but does not mention once that the Earth does too. This is consistent with an Earth-centered (geocentric) view of the cosmos that places a motionless Earth at the center of the universe and all "heavenly bodies" travel around the Earth. This was the prevailing understanding of the universe prior to the 16th century when Copernicus helped explain and popularize a sun-centered (heliocentric) view of the universe.}}{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures describe the Earth as being the topmost of seven terrestrial disk existing at the top of the cosmic whale known as ''al-hoot al-islami'', or The Islamic Whale, which swims about universal ocean. These disks are said to be held to whale's back by the mountains, which act as pegs. While further detail on these disks is scant, some, less well-attested scriptures describe the lower disks as inhabited by progressively more bizarre creatures. Modern science has learned nothing that would suggest the accuracy of these ideas.\|image=Sunset from the ISS.JPG\|title=Science and the Seven Earths}}{{PortalArticle\|title=The Ramadan Pole Paradox\|summary=\|image=Geographic Southpole.jpg\|description=According to Islamic laws set out in the Qur'an and hadith, the keeping and breaking of a fast and the times of prayer, among other things, are related to times of sunrise and sunset. As one gets closer to the North or South Pole, the day or night can extend to up to several months each. At the North Pole itself, daylight and darkness lasts for more than 6 months at a time. Extending the five daily prayers of a period of several months appears to undermine the Islamic ritual, however, and fasting for such a period is evidently impossible.}}

Lightyears: /* Biology */ Hope it's ok to add this

2021-02-25T22:07:35Z

Biology: Hope it's ok to add this

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:07, 25 February 2021
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	{{PortalArticle\|title=Evolution and Islam\|image=Islamevolution.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures present a version of the creation myth found in the bible, where Adam, the first man, is created by God in heaven and then sent down to Earth along with his wife, Eve, after they sin. Islamic scholars have interpreted this literally, and continue to do so. As a consequence of the literalism inherent in mainstream, orthodox Islam, evolution has proven challenging to reconcile with Islamic scripture.}}{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|image=Human Body.jpg\|title=The Qur'an and Human Anatomy\|description=The Qur'an is a document which was put down to paper in the 7th century, with material that may be as old as the 6th century AD. As such it evinces an understanding of science and human biology grounded in the thought of the time, which was a combination of received knowledge and the psuedo-scientific findings of Greek philosophy/science, with some practitioners of this being more and some less empirical in their investigations.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Hippocrates.jpg\|summary=\|title=Quran and Semen Production\|description=Towards the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, as part of a broad and largely Saudi-financed movement to demonstrate the concordance of Islamic scriptures and modern science, attempts have been made to not only defend the Qur'anic idea of semen production from between the sulb and the tara’ib, but also to demonstrate it as an instance of divine foreknowledge. Several specific apologies and interpretations have been proposed, critiqued, and often withdrawn.}}		{{PortalArticle\|title=Evolution and Islam\|image=Islamevolution.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures present a version of the creation myth found in the bible, where Adam, the first man, is created by God in heaven and then sent down to Earth along with his wife, Eve, after they sin. Islamic scholars have interpreted this literally, and continue to do so. As a consequence of the literalism inherent in mainstream, orthodox Islam, evolution has proven challenging to reconcile with Islamic scripture.}}{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|image=Human Body.jpg\|title=The Qur'an and Human Anatomy\|description=The Qur'an is a document which was put down to paper in the 7th century, with material that may be as old as the 6th century AD. As such it evinces an understanding of science and human biology grounded in the thought of the time, which was a combination of received knowledge and the psuedo-scientific findings of Greek philosophy/science, with some practitioners of this being more and some less empirical in their investigations.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Hippocrates.jpg\|summary=\|title=Quran and Semen Production\|description=Towards the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, as part of a broad and largely Saudi-financed movement to demonstrate the concordance of Islamic scriptures and modern science, attempts have been made to not only defend the Qur'anic idea of semen production from between the sulb and the tara’ib, but also to demonstrate it as an instance of divine foreknowledge. Several specific apologies and interpretations have been proposed, critiqued, and often withdrawn.}}
			{{PortalArticle\|description=Some believe that descriptions in the Qur'an and hadith about fetal development have similarities with earlier concepts. In particular, ideas about the initial formation of a child as described in Islamic scriptures can be traced at least as far back as the Jewish Talmud and the ancient Greek physicians.\|title=Sources of Islamic Theories of Reproduction\|summary=\|image=Galen.jpg}}
			</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
	</div>		</div>
	</div>		</div>

	==Cosmology==		==Cosmology==
	The cosmology described and implied in Islamic scripture holds the earth to be the topmost of the seven earth-like terrestrial surfaces stacked above a cosmic whale and held in place by peg-like mountains. this super structure rests in the midst of a universal ocean high above which is the throne of Allah. Between the throne and the earth are seven heavens, the bottom-most of which contains all the stars of the night sky and which, as a corporeal firmament, could collapse in pieces upon the Earth, save for the perpetual intervention of Allah. Islamic law, as outlined in Islamic scriptures, appears to be ignorant of the phenomenon of global poles. While some modern Islamic scholars, particularly those in the West, have made efforts to reinterpret this cosmology to reconcile it with modern science, others have held firmly to it.		The cosmology described and implied in Islamic scripture holds the earth to be the topmost of the seven earth-like terrestrial surfaces stacked above a cosmic whale and held in place by peg-like mountains. this super structure rests in the midst of a universal ocean high above which is the throne of Allah. Between the throne and the earth are seven heavens, the bottom-most of which contains all the stars of the night sky and which, as a corporeal firmament, could collapse in pieces upon the Earth, save for the perpetual intervention of Allah. Islamic law, as outlined in Islamic scriptures, appears to be ignorant of the phenomenon of global poles. While some modern Islamic scholars, particularly those in the West, have made efforts to reinterpret this cosmology to reconcile it with modern science, others have held firmly to it.

Asmith: /* Cosmology */

2021-02-25T01:35:27Z

Cosmology

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	{{PortalArticle\|image=Ancient-Cosmology.jpg\|summary=\|title=Cosmology of the Quran\|description=Islamic cosmology draws on the cosmologies of its ancient neighbors and predecessors while being at the same time notably less sophisticated, developed, and accurate than the cosmologies of the Greeks and Romans. Islamic scholars, reading scriptures literally, accept at face value the descriptions found in religious scriptures of seven stacked disks, a sky-firmament, a universe centered around the Earth, the identity of stars and meteors, and a universe seated atop a cosmic ocean-dwelling whale and below the throne of God.}}{{PortalArticle\|title=Islamic Views on the Shape of the Earth\|image=Flat Earth The Wonders of Creation.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures imply, adhere to, and describe a flat-Earth cosmography (arranged in a geocentric system) which conceives of the earth as existing in the form of a large plane or disk. While some early Islamic authorities maintained that the earth existed in the shape of a "ball", such notions are entirely absent in the earliest Islamic scriptures.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=~~Islamicwhale~~.~~png~~\|summary=\|description=The Islamic whale (in Arabic الحوت الإسلامي, ''al-hoot al-islami''), is a mythological creature described in Islamic texts that carries the Earth on its back. It is also called Nun (نون), which is also the name of the Arabic letter "n" ن. Two alternative names of the whale are Liwash and Lutiaya. The details behind the mentioning of this creature is a unclear topic. There is little mention of Nun in the Quran, however there is further mention of it in other Islamic scriptures such has Hadith and Tafsir along with context verses.\|title=The Islamic Whale}}		{{PortalArticle\|image=Ancient-Cosmology.jpg\|summary=\|title=Cosmology of the Quran\|description=Islamic cosmology draws on the cosmologies of its ancient neighbors and predecessors while being at the same time notably less sophisticated, developed, and accurate than the cosmologies of the Greeks and Romans. Islamic scholars, reading scriptures literally, accept at face value the descriptions found in religious scriptures of seven stacked disks, a sky-firmament, a universe centered around the Earth, the identity of stars and meteors, and a universe seated atop a cosmic ocean-dwelling whale and below the throne of God.}}{{PortalArticle\|title=Islamic Views on the Shape of the Earth\|image=Flat Earth The Wonders of Creation.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures imply, adhere to, and describe a flat-Earth cosmography (arranged in a geocentric system) which conceives of the earth as existing in the form of a large plane or disk. While some early Islamic authorities maintained that the earth existed in the shape of a "ball", such notions are entirely absent in the earliest Islamic scriptures.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Islamic Whale.jpg\|summary=\|description=The Islamic whale (in Arabic الحوت الإسلامي, ''al-hoot al-islami''), is a mythological creature described in Islamic texts that carries the Earth on its back. It is also called Nun (نون), which is also the name of the Arabic letter "n" ن. Two alternative names of the whale are Liwash and Lutiaya. The details behind the mentioning of this creature is a unclear topic. There is little mention of Nun in the Quran, however there is further mention of it in other Islamic scriptures such has Hadith and Tafsir along with context verses.\|title=The Islamic Whale}}
	</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">		</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
	{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|title=Geocentrism and the Quran\|image=Geocentrism2.jpg\|description=The Qur'an mentions a few times that the sun and the moon travel in an orbit (''falak'' - a rounded course), but does not mention once that the Earth does too. This is consistent with an Earth-centered (geocentric) view of the cosmos that places a motionless Earth at the center of the universe and all "heavenly bodies" travel around the Earth. This was the prevailing understanding of the universe prior to the 16th century when Copernicus helped explain and popularize a sun-centered (heliocentric) view of the universe.}}{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures describe the Earth as being the topmost of seven terrestrial disk existing at the top of the cosmic whale known as ''al-hoot al-islami'', or The Islamic Whale, which swims about universal ocean. These disks are said to be held to whale's back by the mountains, which act as pegs. While further detail on these disks is scant, some, less well-attested scriptures describe the lower disks as inhabited by progressively more bizarre creatures. Modern science has learned nothing that would suggest the accuracy of these ideas.\|image=~~Islamic Whale~~.~~jpg~~\|title=Science and the Seven Earths}}{{PortalArticle\|title=The Ramadan Pole Paradox\|summary=\|image=Geographic Southpole.jpg\|description=According to Islamic laws set out in the Qur'an and hadith, the keeping and breaking of a fast and the times of prayer, among other things, are related to times of sunrise and sunset. As one gets closer to the North or South Pole, the day or night can extend to up to several months each. At the North Pole itself, daylight and darkness lasts for more than 6 months at a time. Extending the five daily prayers of a period of several months appears to undermine the Islamic ritual, however, and fasting for such a period is evidently impossible.}}		{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|title=Geocentrism and the Quran\|image=Geocentrism2.jpg\|description=The Qur'an mentions a few times that the sun and the moon travel in an orbit (''falak'' - a rounded course), but does not mention once that the Earth does too. This is consistent with an Earth-centered (geocentric) view of the cosmos that places a motionless Earth at the center of the universe and all "heavenly bodies" travel around the Earth. This was the prevailing understanding of the universe prior to the 16th century when Copernicus helped explain and popularize a sun-centered (heliocentric) view of the universe.}}{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures describe the Earth as being the topmost of seven terrestrial disk existing at the top of the cosmic whale known as ''al-hoot al-islami'', or The Islamic Whale, which swims about universal ocean. These disks are said to be held to whale's back by the mountains, which act as pegs. While further detail on these disks is scant, some, less well-attested scriptures describe the lower disks as inhabited by progressively more bizarre creatures. Modern science has learned nothing that would suggest the accuracy of these ideas.\|image=Sunset from the ISS.JPG\|title=Science and the Seven Earths}}{{PortalArticle\|title=The Ramadan Pole Paradox\|summary=\|image=Geographic Southpole.jpg\|description=According to Islamic laws set out in the Qur'an and hadith, the keeping and breaking of a fast and the times of prayer, among other things, are related to times of sunrise and sunset. As one gets closer to the North or South Pole, the day or night can extend to up to several months each. At the North Pole itself, daylight and darkness lasts for more than 6 months at a time. Extending the five daily prayers of a period of several months appears to undermine the Islamic ritual, however, and fasting for such a period is evidently impossible.}}
	</div>		</div>
	</div>		</div>

Asmith: /* Cosmology */

2021-02-25T01:33:27Z

Cosmology

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:33, 25 February 2021
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	{{PortalArticle\|image=Ancient-Cosmology.jpg\|summary=\|title=Cosmology of the Quran\|description=Islamic cosmology draws on the cosmologies of its ancient neighbors and predecessors while being at the same time notably less sophisticated, developed, and accurate than the cosmologies of the Greeks and Romans. Islamic scholars, reading scriptures literally, accept at face value the descriptions found in religious scriptures of seven stacked disks, a sky-firmament, a universe centered around the Earth, the identity of stars and meteors, and a universe seated atop a cosmic ocean-dwelling whale and below the throne of God.}}{{PortalArticle\|title=Islamic Views on the Shape of the Earth\|image=Flat Earth The Wonders of Creation.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures imply, adhere to, and describe a flat-Earth cosmography (arranged in a geocentric system) which conceives of the earth as existing in the form of a large plane or disk. While some early Islamic authorities maintained that the earth existed in the shape of a "ball", such notions are entirely absent in the earliest Islamic scriptures.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Islamicwhale.png\|summary=\|description=The Islamic whale (in Arabic الحوت الإسلامي, ''al-hoot al-islami''), is a mythological creature described in Islamic texts that carries the Earth on its back. It is also called Nun (نون), which is also the name of the Arabic letter "n" ن. Two alternative names of the whale are Liwash and Lutiaya. The details behind the mentioning of this creature is a unclear topic. There is little mention of Nun in the Quran, however there is further mention of it in other Islamic scriptures such has Hadith and Tafsir along with context verses.\|title=The Islamic Whale}}		{{PortalArticle\|image=Ancient-Cosmology.jpg\|summary=\|title=Cosmology of the Quran\|description=Islamic cosmology draws on the cosmologies of its ancient neighbors and predecessors while being at the same time notably less sophisticated, developed, and accurate than the cosmologies of the Greeks and Romans. Islamic scholars, reading scriptures literally, accept at face value the descriptions found in religious scriptures of seven stacked disks, a sky-firmament, a universe centered around the Earth, the identity of stars and meteors, and a universe seated atop a cosmic ocean-dwelling whale and below the throne of God.}}{{PortalArticle\|title=Islamic Views on the Shape of the Earth\|image=Flat Earth The Wonders of Creation.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures imply, adhere to, and describe a flat-Earth cosmography (arranged in a geocentric system) which conceives of the earth as existing in the form of a large plane or disk. While some early Islamic authorities maintained that the earth existed in the shape of a "ball", such notions are entirely absent in the earliest Islamic scriptures.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Islamicwhale.png\|summary=\|description=The Islamic whale (in Arabic الحوت الإسلامي, ''al-hoot al-islami''), is a mythological creature described in Islamic texts that carries the Earth on its back. It is also called Nun (نون), which is also the name of the Arabic letter "n" ن. Two alternative names of the whale are Liwash and Lutiaya. The details behind the mentioning of this creature is a unclear topic. There is little mention of Nun in the Quran, however there is further mention of it in other Islamic scriptures such has Hadith and Tafsir along with context verses.\|title=The Islamic Whale}}
	</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">		</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
	{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|title=Geocentrism and the Quran\|image=Geocentrism2.jpg\|description=The Qur'an mentions a few times that the sun and the moon travel in an orbit (''falak'' - a rounded course), but does not mention once that the Earth does too. This is consistent with an Earth-centered (geocentric) view of the cosmos that places a motionless Earth at the center of the universe and all "heavenly bodies" travel around the Earth. This was the prevailing understanding of the universe prior to the 16th century when Copernicus helped explain and popularize a sun-centered (heliocentric) view of the universe.}}{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures describe the Earth as being the topmost of seven terrestrial disk existing at the top of the cosmic whale known as ''al-hoot al-islami'', or The Islamic Whale, which swims about universal ocean. These disks are said to be held to whale's back by the mountains, which act as pegs. While further detail on these disks is scant, some, less well-attested scriptures describe the lower disks as inhabited by progressively more bizarre creatures. Modern science has learned nothing that would suggest the accuracy of these ideas.\|image=~~Sunset from the ISS~~.~~JPG~~\|title=Science and the Seven Earths}}{{PortalArticle\|title=The Ramadan Pole Paradox\|summary=\|image=Geographic Southpole.jpg\|description=According to Islamic laws set out in the Qur'an and hadith, the keeping and breaking of a fast and the times of prayer, among other things, are related to times of sunrise and sunset. As one gets closer to the North or South Pole, the day or night can extend to up to several months each. At the North Pole itself, daylight and darkness lasts for more than 6 months at a time. Extending the five daily prayers of a period of several months appears to undermine the Islamic ritual, however, and fasting for such a period is evidently impossible.}}		{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|title=Geocentrism and the Quran\|image=Geocentrism2.jpg\|description=The Qur'an mentions a few times that the sun and the moon travel in an orbit (''falak'' - a rounded course), but does not mention once that the Earth does too. This is consistent with an Earth-centered (geocentric) view of the cosmos that places a motionless Earth at the center of the universe and all "heavenly bodies" travel around the Earth. This was the prevailing understanding of the universe prior to the 16th century when Copernicus helped explain and popularize a sun-centered (heliocentric) view of the universe.}}{{PortalArticle\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures describe the Earth as being the topmost of seven terrestrial disk existing at the top of the cosmic whale known as ''al-hoot al-islami'', or The Islamic Whale, which swims about universal ocean. These disks are said to be held to whale's back by the mountains, which act as pegs. While further detail on these disks is scant, some, less well-attested scriptures describe the lower disks as inhabited by progressively more bizarre creatures. Modern science has learned nothing that would suggest the accuracy of these ideas.\|image=Islamic Whale.jpg\|title=Science and the Seven Earths}}{{PortalArticle\|title=The Ramadan Pole Paradox\|summary=\|image=Geographic Southpole.jpg\|description=According to Islamic laws set out in the Qur'an and hadith, the keeping and breaking of a fast and the times of prayer, among other things, are related to times of sunrise and sunset. As one gets closer to the North or South Pole, the day or night can extend to up to several months each. At the North Pole itself, daylight and darkness lasts for more than 6 months at a time. Extending the five daily prayers of a period of several months appears to undermine the Islamic ritual, however, and fasting for such a period is evidently impossible.}}
	</div>		</div>
	</div>		</div>
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	*[[Quran and a Universe from Smoke]]		*[[Quran and a Universe from Smoke]]
	{{col-float-end}}		{{col-float-end}}

	==Islamic practices and rituals==		==Islamic practices and rituals==
	Islamic medicinal practices draw almost exclusively on the folk medicine of 7th century Arabia. In reading scriptures literally, Islamic scholars devised an entire literature on "the medicine of the prophet", or ''tibb al-nabi''. Islamic law also ritually prescribes devotional practices known to 7th century Arabs, such as the hijab and fasting, which, in recent scientific studies, have been shown to have a detrimental impact on adherents' physical, financial, and social health. In other cases, as with the legality and even encouragement of cousin marriage, Islamic law permanently legalized practices which were later discovered to lack scientific merit. While a minority of modern Islamic scholars have remained silent on these topics of growing controversy in the Muslim world, the remainder have persisted in encouraging and authorizing them.		Islamic medicinal practices draw almost exclusively on the folk medicine of 7th century Arabia. In reading scriptures literally, Islamic scholars devised an entire literature on "the medicine of the prophet", or ''tibb al-nabi''. Islamic law also ritually prescribes devotional practices known to 7th century Arabs, such as the hijab and fasting, which, in recent scientific studies, have been shown to have a detrimental impact on adherents' physical, financial, and social health. In other cases, as with the legality and even encouragement of cousin marriage, Islamic law permanently legalized practices which were later discovered to lack scientific merit. While a minority of modern Islamic scholars have remained silent on these topics of growing controversy in the Muslim world, the remainder have persisted in encouraging and authorizing them.

IbnPinker at 02:09, 14 February 2021

2021-02-14T02:09:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:09, 14 February 2021
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	==Overview==		==Overview==
			Discussions on the religion of Islam and science usually revolve around pieces of Islamic scripture which appear to comment on or imply something related to topics of modern scientific interest. Modern Islamic scholars argue that these portions of scripture, read in the orthodox literal manner, meet and even forecast the findings of modern science. Critics argue to the contrary and cite historical research, all of which indicates that the Quran drew on the proto-scientific ideas circulating in the world during, and often from well before, the seventh century.
	<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">		<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
	Discussions on the religion of Islam and science usually revolve around pieces of Islamic scripture which appear to comment on or imply something related to topics of modern scientific interest. Modern Islamic scholars argue that these portions of scripture, read in the orthodox literal manner, meet and even forecast the findings of modern science. Critics argue to the contrary and cite historical research, all of which indicates that the Quran drew on the proto-scientific ideas circulating in the world during, and often from well before, the seventh century.<div class="articleSummaryColumn">		<div class="articleSummaryColumn">
	{{PortalArticle\|image=Quran and Science.png\|title=Islam and Science\|summary=\|description=Among the many and diverse matters discussed in or touched upon by Islamic scriptures are topics of direct or indirect scientific interest. These topics include reproductive science, embryology, cosmology, medicine, and a slew of other topics. While mainstream academic scholars and scientists have found the discussion of these topics contained in Islamic scripture to be unremarkable in its seventh-century context, in recent times, many traditional Muslim scholars and figures have argued that Islamic scriptures contains statements which not only adhere to but also predict modern science. Criticism of these ideas has been widespread and has even come from Muslim scholars themselves.}}{{PortalArticle\|title=Scientific Miracles in the Quran\|image=Cosmicquran.png\|description=In recent times, many Muslim scholars have interpreted certain Quranic verses as being miraculously predictive of modern scientific discoveries and have presented these interpretations as evidence of the Quran's divine origin. Interestingly, no verse contained in the Quran has ever prompted a scientific discovery, and modern Muslim scholars have also generally not tried to argue that this has ever been the case.\|summary=}}		{{PortalArticle\|image=Quran and Science.png\|title=Islam and Science\|summary=\|description=Among the many and diverse matters discussed in or touched upon by Islamic scriptures are topics of direct or indirect scientific interest. These topics include reproductive science, embryology, cosmology, medicine, and a slew of other topics. While mainstream academic scholars and scientists have found the discussion of these topics contained in Islamic scripture to be unremarkable in its seventh-century context, in recent times, many traditional Muslim scholars and figures have argued that Islamic scriptures contains statements which not only adhere to but also predict modern science. Criticism of these ideas has been widespread and has even come from Muslim scholars themselves.}}{{PortalArticle\|title=Scientific Miracles in the Quran\|image=Cosmicquran.png\|description=In recent times, many Muslim scholars have interpreted certain Quranic verses as being miraculously predictive of modern scientific discoveries and have presented these interpretations as evidence of the Quran's divine origin. Interestingly, no verse contained in the Quran has ever prompted a scientific discovery, and modern Muslim scholars have also generally not tried to argue that this has ever been the case.\|summary=}}
	</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">		</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
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	</div>		</div>
	==Biology==		==Biology==
			Islamic scholars read in literal terms the accounts found in the Quran regarding the original creation of mankind, reproductive science, and other passages which, when read literally, appear to be of biological interest. It has, as a result, been extremely challenging for modern Islamic scholars to come to terms with recent discoveries made in evolutionary and reproductive science. Attempts to achieve this reconciliation have, however, not been wanting and have formed the subject of heated polemical exchanges.
	<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">		<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
	Islamic scholars read in literal terms the accounts found in the Quran regarding the original creation of mankind, reproductive science, and other passages which, when read literally, appear to be of biological interest. It has, as a result, been extremely challenging for modern Islamic scholars to come to terms with recent discoveries made in evolutionary and reproductive science. Attempts to achieve this reconciliation have, however, not been wanting and have formed the subject of heated polemical exchanges.<div class="articleSummaryColumn">		<div class="articleSummaryColumn">
	{{PortalArticle\|image=Khnum creation from clay.gif\|title=Creation of Humans from Clay\|description=Islamic scriptures state that Adam, the first human being and man, was created from clay. The Islamic scholarly tradition has read this, as with the rest of scripture, in literal terms. In modern times, Islamic scholars have argued that there is scientific merit to the idea. Historians, on the other hand, see the idea of creation from clay as yet another adaption of a widespread ancient myth.\|summary=}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Galenembryology.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures give a detailed account of what Muhammad understood to be the process of embryological development. While modern scientists and historians agree that the presentation found in Islamic scripture is an adaption of the (inaccurate) ideas of ancient physicians, many modern Islamic scholars have argued that the embryology of Islamic scriptures is perfectly sound.\|title=Embryology in Islamic Scripture}}{{PortalArticle\|description=The Quran contains a detailed account of what Muhammad understood to be the process of embryological development. This account has received immense attention from modern Islamic scholars who have argued that it is scientifically sound. Outside the Saudi-financed publications of a handful of Western scientists, the scientific community has found these ideas to have no special scientific or historical merit.\|title=Embryology in the Quran\|summary=\|image=Human Embryo.jpg}}		{{PortalArticle\|image=Khnum creation from clay.gif\|title=Creation of Humans from Clay\|description=Islamic scriptures state that Adam, the first human being and man, was created from clay. The Islamic scholarly tradition has read this, as with the rest of scripture, in literal terms. In modern times, Islamic scholars have argued that there is scientific merit to the idea. Historians, on the other hand, see the idea of creation from clay as yet another adaption of a widespread ancient myth.\|summary=}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Galenembryology.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures give a detailed account of what Muhammad understood to be the process of embryological development. While modern scientists and historians agree that the presentation found in Islamic scripture is an adaption of the (inaccurate) ideas of ancient physicians, many modern Islamic scholars have argued that the embryology of Islamic scriptures is perfectly sound.\|title=Embryology in Islamic Scripture}}{{PortalArticle\|description=The Quran contains a detailed account of what Muhammad understood to be the process of embryological development. This account has received immense attention from modern Islamic scholars who have argued that it is scientifically sound. Outside the Saudi-financed publications of a handful of Western scientists, the scientific community has found these ideas to have no special scientific or historical merit.\|title=Embryology in the Quran\|summary=\|image=Human Embryo.jpg}}
	</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">		</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
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	</div>		</div>
	==Cosmology==		==Cosmology==
			The cosmology described and implied in Islamic scripture holds the earth to be the topmost of the seven earth-like terrestrial surfaces stacked above a cosmic whale and held in place by peg-like mountains. this super structure rests in the midst of a universal ocean high above which is the throne of Allah. Between the throne and the earth are seven heavens, the bottom-most of which contains all the stars of the night sky and which, as a corporeal firmament, could collapse in pieces upon the Earth, save for the perpetual intervention of Allah. Islamic law, as outlined in Islamic scriptures, appears to be ignorant of the phenomenon of global poles. While some modern Islamic scholars, particularly those in the West, have made efforts to reinterpret this cosmology to reconcile it with modern science, others have held firmly to it.
	<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">		<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
	The cosmology described and implied in Islamic scripture holds the earth to be the topmost of the seven earth-like terrestrial surfaces stacked above a cosmic whale and held in place by peg-like mountains. this super structure rests in the midst of a universal ocean high above which is the throne of Allah. Between the throne and the earth are seven heavens, the bottom-most of which contains all the stars of the night sky and which, as a corporeal firmament, could collapse in pieces upon the Earth, save for the perpetual intervention of Allah. Islamic law, as outlined in Islamic scriptures, appears to be ignorant of the phenomenon of global poles. While some modern Islamic scholars, particularly those in the West, have made efforts to reinterpret this cosmology to reconcile it with modern science, others have held firmly to it.<div class="articleSummaryColumn">		<div class="articleSummaryColumn">
	{{PortalArticle\|image=Ancient-Cosmology.jpg\|summary=\|title=Cosmology of the Quran\|description=Islamic cosmology draws on the cosmologies of its ancient neighbors and predecessors while being at the same time notably less sophisticated, developed, and accurate than the cosmologies of the Greeks and Romans. Islamic scholars, reading scriptures literally, accept at face value the descriptions found in religious scriptures of seven stacked disks, a sky-firmament, a universe centered around the Earth, the identity of stars and meteors, and a universe seated atop a cosmic ocean-dwelling whale and below the throne of God.}}{{PortalArticle\|title=Islamic Views on the Shape of the Earth\|image=Flat Earth The Wonders of Creation.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures imply, adhere to, and describe a flat-Earth cosmography (arranged in a geocentric system) which conceives of the earth as existing in the form of a large plane or disk. While some early Islamic authorities maintained that the earth existed in the shape of a "ball", such notions are entirely absent in the earliest Islamic scriptures.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Islamicwhale.png\|summary=\|description=The Islamic whale (in Arabic الحوت الإسلامي, ''al-hoot al-islami''), is a mythological creature described in Islamic texts that carries the Earth on its back. It is also called Nun (نون), which is also the name of the Arabic letter "n" ن. Two alternative names of the whale are Liwash and Lutiaya. The details behind the mentioning of this creature is a unclear topic. There is little mention of Nun in the Quran, however there is further mention of it in other Islamic scriptures such has Hadith and Tafsir along with context verses.\|title=The Islamic Whale}}		{{PortalArticle\|image=Ancient-Cosmology.jpg\|summary=\|title=Cosmology of the Quran\|description=Islamic cosmology draws on the cosmologies of its ancient neighbors and predecessors while being at the same time notably less sophisticated, developed, and accurate than the cosmologies of the Greeks and Romans. Islamic scholars, reading scriptures literally, accept at face value the descriptions found in religious scriptures of seven stacked disks, a sky-firmament, a universe centered around the Earth, the identity of stars and meteors, and a universe seated atop a cosmic ocean-dwelling whale and below the throne of God.}}{{PortalArticle\|title=Islamic Views on the Shape of the Earth\|image=Flat Earth The Wonders of Creation.jpg\|summary=\|description=Islamic scriptures imply, adhere to, and describe a flat-Earth cosmography (arranged in a geocentric system) which conceives of the earth as existing in the form of a large plane or disk. While some early Islamic authorities maintained that the earth existed in the shape of a "ball", such notions are entirely absent in the earliest Islamic scriptures.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Islamicwhale.png\|summary=\|description=The Islamic whale (in Arabic الحوت الإسلامي, ''al-hoot al-islami''), is a mythological creature described in Islamic texts that carries the Earth on its back. It is also called Nun (نون), which is also the name of the Arabic letter "n" ن. Two alternative names of the whale are Liwash and Lutiaya. The details behind the mentioning of this creature is a unclear topic. There is little mention of Nun in the Quran, however there is further mention of it in other Islamic scriptures such has Hadith and Tafsir along with context verses.\|title=The Islamic Whale}}
	</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">		</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
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	{{col-float-end}}		{{col-float-end}}
	==Islamic practices and rituals==		==Islamic practices and rituals==
			Islamic medicinal practices draw almost exclusively on the folk medicine of 7th century Arabia. In reading scriptures literally, Islamic scholars devised an entire literature on "the medicine of the prophet", or ''tibb al-nabi''. Islamic law also ritually prescribes devotional practices known to 7th century Arabs, such as the hijab and fasting, which, in recent scientific studies, have been shown to have a detrimental impact on adherents' physical, financial, and social health. In other cases, as with the legality and even encouragement of cousin marriage, Islamic law permanently legalized practices which were later discovered to lack scientific merit. While a minority of modern Islamic scholars have remained silent on these topics of growing controversy in the Muslim world, the remainder have persisted in encouraging and authorizing them.
	<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">		<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
	Islamic medicinal practices draw almost exclusively on the folk medicine of 7th century Arabia. In reading scriptures literally, Islamic scholars devised an entire literature on "the medicine of the prophet", or ''tibb al-nabi''. Islamic law also ritually prescribes devotional practices known to 7th century Arabs, such as the hijab and fasting, which, in recent scientific studies, have been shown to have a detrimental impact on adherents' physical, financial, and social health. In other cases, as with the legality and even encouragement of cousin marriage, Islamic law permanently legalized practices which were later discovered to lack scientific merit. While a minority of modern Islamic scholars have remained silent on these topics of growing controversy in the Muslim world, the remainder have persisted in encouraging and authorizing them.<div class="articleSummaryColumn">		<div class="articleSummaryColumn">
	{{PortalArticle\|title=Islamic Medicinal Practices\|summary=\|image=Blistering.jpeg\|description=Islamic scriptures instruct a variety of medicinal practices that have consequently been practiced through centuries, including consuming cumin, drinking camel urine, consuming honey, using indian incense, dipping houseflies in drinks, cupping, and more.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Ramadanimpact.jpg\|title=Islamic Fasting and Health\|description=Islamic fasting (''sawm'') entails fasting from sunrise till sunset without any water or food. In the month of Ramadan, Muslims are obligated to fast the entire month. Empirical research has found the consequences of Islamic fasting (as it is practiced) on practitioners' health, society, and economy to be largely (but not entirely) adverse.\|summary=}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Burqa9.jpg\|title=Islamic Attire and Health\|summary=\|description=It is generally agreed Muslim women are obligated by Islam to cover all parts of their body excluding their faces, hands, and sometimes feet. Empirical research has found that this practice has largely adverse effects on its practitioners' health and society. Adverse health effects primarily include Vitamin D deficiency as well as the enabling of obesity.}}		{{PortalArticle\|title=Islamic Medicinal Practices\|summary=\|image=Blistering.jpeg\|description=Islamic scriptures instruct a variety of medicinal practices that have consequently been practiced through centuries, including consuming cumin, drinking camel urine, consuming honey, using indian incense, dipping houseflies in drinks, cupping, and more.}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Ramadanimpact.jpg\|title=Islamic Fasting and Health\|description=Islamic fasting (''sawm'') entails fasting from sunrise till sunset without any water or food. In the month of Ramadan, Muslims are obligated to fast the entire month. Empirical research has found the consequences of Islamic fasting (as it is practiced) on practitioners' health, society, and economy to be largely (but not entirely) adverse.\|summary=}}{{PortalArticle\|image=Burqa9.jpg\|title=Islamic Attire and Health\|summary=\|description=It is generally agreed Muslim women are obligated by Islam to cover all parts of their body excluding their faces, hands, and sometimes feet. Empirical research has found that this practice has largely adverse effects on its practitioners' health and society. Adverse health effects primarily include Vitamin D deficiency as well as the enabling of obesity.}}
	</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">		</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn">
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	</div>		</div>
	==Prominent figures and movements==		==Prominent figures and movements==
			Public figures who have spoken openly and enthusiastically on Islam and science have tended to attract controversy, whether Muslim or non-Muslim. The most prominent Muslim speakers to speak on Islam and science include the preachers Zakir Naik, Hamza Tzortzis, and Harun Yahya, all three of whom have, since their public inception, become infamous to a greater or lesser degree. The two non-Muslim scientists who have produced academic publications on Islam and science, Keith Moore and Maurice Bucaille, were at various points directly patronized by the Saudi Arabian government and have attracted derision from the wider scientific community.
	<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">		<div class="articleSummaryColumnsWrapper">
	Public figures who have spoken openly and enthusiastically on Islam and science have tended to attract controversy, whether Muslim or non-Muslim. The most prominent Muslim speakers to speak on Islam and science include the preachers Zakir Naik, Hamza Tzortzis, and Harun Yahya, all three of whom have, since their public inception, become infamous to a greater or lesser degree. The two non-Muslim scientists who have produced academic publications on Islam and science, Keith Moore and Maurice Bucaille, were at various points directly patronized by the Saudi Arabian government and have attracted derision from the wider scientific community.<div class="articleSummaryColumn">		<div class="articleSummaryColumn">
	{{PortalArticle\|image=Zakir Naik.png\|title=Zakir Naik\|description=A medical doctor by training, Naik is famous for theorizing and employing correlations between Islamic scripture and modern science for the purpose of ''dawah'', or evangelism.\|summary=}}		{{PortalArticle\|image=Zakir Naik.png\|title=Zakir Naik\|description=A medical doctor by training, Naik is famous for theorizing and employing correlations between Islamic scripture and modern science for the purpose of ''dawah'', or evangelism.\|summary=}}
	{{PortalArticle\|image=Dr. keith moore.jpg\|title=Dr. Keith Moore\|description=In the 1980s he accepted an invitation by the Embryology Committee of King Abdulaziz University to produce a special 3rd edition of his most successful book ''The Developing Human'' specifically for use by Muslim students in Islamic Universities. The additions to the text for this new edition were those of co-author Abdul Majeed al-Zindani. Moore's name is frequently cited by modern Islamic scholars.\|summary=}}		{{PortalArticle\|image=Dr. keith moore.jpg\|title=Dr. Keith Moore\|description=In the 1980s he accepted an invitation by the Embryology Committee of King Abdulaziz University to produce a special 3rd edition of his most successful book ''The Developing Human'' specifically for use by Muslim students in Islamic Universities. The additions to the text for this new edition were those of co-author Abdul Majeed al-Zindani. Moore's name is frequently cited by modern Islamic scholars.\|summary=}}

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	*[[Quran and a Universe from Smoke]]		*[[Quran and a Universe from Smoke]]
			*[[Shooting Stars in the Quran]]
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	*[[Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring - Part Two]]		*[[Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring - Part Two]]
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			*[[The Quran and Mountains]]
	*[[Quran and a Universe from Smoke]]		*[[Quran and a Universe from Smoke]]
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