Shooting Stars in the Quran - Revision history

Asmith at 04:27, 7 December 2025

2025-12-07T04:27:31Z

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	[[File:ShootingStars.jpg\|right\|thumb\|175px\|Long exposure photograph of a meteor shower]]		[[File:ShootingStars.jpg\|right\|thumb\|175px\|Long exposure photograph of a meteor shower]]

Asmith: /* The Hadith */ cleaned up language

2025-12-07T04:27:14Z

The Hadith: cleaned up language

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Asmith at 03:09, 7 December 2025

2025-12-07T03:09:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:09, 7 December 2025
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	Other relevant verses are {{Quran\|55\|33-35}} (flame of fire and smoke, though a slightly different context):		Other relevant verses are {{Quran\|55\|33-35}} (flame of fire and smoke, though a slightly different context):

	{{Quote\|{{Quran\|55\|33-35}}\|O company of jinn and mankind, if you are able to pass beyond the regions of the heavens and the earth, then pass. You will not pass except by authority [from Allah]. So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? There will be sent upon you a flame of fire and smoke, and you will not defend yourselves.}}~~Note~~ that no ~~astronauts~~ or ~~human-made robots leaving Earth have yet been hit by~~ fire ~~and smoke, both which cannot actually occur~~ in space due to ~~the~~ lack of oxygen.<ref>''[https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24733000-900-lighting-fires-in-space-is-helping-us-make-greener-energy-on-earth/ Lighting fires in space is helping us make greener energy on Earth.]'' New Scientist. 2020. Philip Ball.</ref>		{{Quote\|{{Quran\|55\|33-35}}\|O company of jinn and mankind, if you are able to pass beyond the regions of the heavens and the earth, then pass. You will not pass except by authority [from Allah]. So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? There will be sent upon you a flame of fire and smoke, and you will not defend yourselves.}}It should be noted that it is now well known there is no smoke or fire in space due to lack of oxygen, again showcasing the pre-modern worldview of this text.<ref>''[https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24733000-900-lighting-fires-in-space-is-helping-us-make-greener-energy-on-earth/ Lighting fires in space is helping us make greener energy on Earth.]'' New Scientist. 2020. Philip Ball.</ref>

	And [https://quran.com/21?startingVerse=32 Quran 21:32], which many classical commentators have associated with protection against devils:		And [https://quran.com/21?startingVerse=32 Quran 21:32], which many classical commentators have associated with protection against devils:
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	"We were with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), while he was sitting with a group of his Companions, when they saw a glowing shooting star. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'When you saw the likes of this during Jahiliyyah, what would you say about it?' They said: 'We would say that a great man died, or that a great man has been born.' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'It is not shot due to the death of anyone, nor his coming into life. Rather when our Lord [Blessed is His Name and Most High] decrees a matter, He is glorified by the bearers of the Throne. Then He is glorified by the inhabitants who are below them, then those below them, until such glorification reaches this Heaven. Then the inhabitants of the sixth Heaven ask the inhabitants of the seventh Heaven: "What did your Lord say?" He said: 'So they inform them; then the inhabitants of each Heaven seek the information, until the news is conveyed to the inhabitants of the Heavens of the earth. The Shayatin try to overhear so they are shot at, so they cast it down to their friends. Whatever they came with is true, as it is, but they distort it and add to it.'"}}		"We were with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), while he was sitting with a group of his Companions, when they saw a glowing shooting star. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'When you saw the likes of this during Jahiliyyah, what would you say about it?' They said: 'We would say that a great man died, or that a great man has been born.' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'It is not shot due to the death of anyone, nor his coming into life. Rather when our Lord [Blessed is His Name and Most High] decrees a matter, He is glorified by the bearers of the Throne. Then He is glorified by the inhabitants who are below them, then those below them, until such glorification reaches this Heaven. Then the inhabitants of the sixth Heaven ask the inhabitants of the seventh Heaven: "What did your Lord say?" He said: 'So they inform them; then the inhabitants of each Heaven seek the information, until the news is conveyed to the inhabitants of the Heavens of the earth. The Shayatin try to overhear so they are shot at, so they cast it down to their friends. Whatever they came with is true, as it is, but they distort it and add to it.'"}}

	~~These also seem~~ to ~~reinforce the incorrect idea of stars being~~ shooting stars, and ~~give us yet a fourth word for~~ stars.		Once again the Quran seems to think that shooting stars and stars are the same basic phenomenon.

	In both cases we see the word (najm/نجم) is used to describe the shooting star. Literally: رُمِيَ was thrown<ref>رمي - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume3/00000327.pdf Lane's Lexicon page 1161]</ref> بِنَجْمٍ a star<ref>نجم - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume8/00000282.pdf Lane's Lexicon Supplement page 3028]</ref> فَاسْتَنَارَ then it flamed<ref>نار - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume8/00000119.pdf Lane's Lexicon page 2865]</ref> (نار in Arabic form X, derived from نور light). It is sometimes said that a najm (نجم) could refer to any kind of celestial body (without any reference to a classical Arabic dictionary)<ref>[https://islamqa.info/amp/en/answers/243871 Meteorites and shooting stars may be called “stars” (nujoom) and “heavenly bodies” (kawaakib) in Arabic.] IslamQA. 2016.		In both cases we see the word (najm/نجم) is used to describe the shooting star. Literally: رُمِيَ was thrown<ref>رمي - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume3/00000327.pdf Lane's Lexicon page 1161]</ref> بِنَجْمٍ a star<ref>نجم - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume8/00000282.pdf Lane's Lexicon Supplement page 3028]</ref> فَاسْتَنَارَ then it flamed<ref>نار - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume8/00000119.pdf Lane's Lexicon page 2865]</ref> (نار in Arabic form X, derived from نور light). It is sometimes said that a najm (نجم) could refer to any kind of celestial body (without any reference to a classical Arabic dictionary)<ref>[https://islamqa.info/amp/en/answers/243871 Meteorites and shooting stars may be called “stars” (nujoom) and “heavenly bodies” (kawaakib) in Arabic.] IslamQA. 2016.

Lightyears: Automated script replacing USC-MSA hadith numbering system for Bukhari, Muslim, and Abu Dawud

2025-11-15T00:42:31Z

Automated script replacing USC-MSA hadith numbering system for Bukhari, Muslim, and Abu Dawud

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	A hadith collected in Sahih Muslim and Sunan al Tirmidhi confirms that the 'pursuant flames / missiles' in the two verses refer to visible meteors which they saw shooting across the sky.		A hadith collected in Sahih Muslim and Sunan al Tirmidhi confirms that the 'pursuant flames / missiles' in the two verses refer to visible meteors which they saw shooting across the sky.

	{{Quote\|{{Muslim\|26\|~~5538~~}}\|'Abdullah. Ibn 'Abbas reported: A person from the Ansar who was amongst the Companions of Allah's Messenger (pbuh reported to me: As we were sitting during the night with Allah's Messenger (pbuh), a meteor shot gave a dazzling light. Allah's Messenger (pbuh) said: What did you say in the pre-Islamic days when there was such a shot (of meteor)? They said: Allah and His Messenger know best (the actual position), but we, however, used to say that that very night a great man had been born and a great man had died, whereupon Allah's Messenger pbuh) said: (These meteors) are shot neither at the death of anyone nor on the birth of anyone. Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, issues Command when He decides to do a thing. Then (the Angels) supporting the Throne sing His glory, then sing the dwellers of heaven who are near to them until this glory of God reaches them who are in the heaven of this world. Then those who are near the supporters of the Throne ask these supporters of the Throne: What your Lord has said? And they accordingly inform them what He says. Then the dwellers of heaven seek information from them until this information reaches the heaven of the world. In this process of transmission (the jinn snatches) what he manages to overhear and he carries it to his friends. And when the Angels see the jinn they attack them with meteors. If they narrate only which they manage to snatch that is correct but they alloy it with lies and make additions to it.}}		{{Quote\|{{Muslim\|\|2229a\|reference}}\|'Abdullah. Ibn 'Abbas reported: A person from the Ansar who was amongst the Companions of Allah's Messenger (pbuh reported to me: As we were sitting during the night with Allah's Messenger (pbuh), a meteor shot gave a dazzling light. Allah's Messenger (pbuh) said: What did you say in the pre-Islamic days when there was such a shot (of meteor)? They said: Allah and His Messenger know best (the actual position), but we, however, used to say that that very night a great man had been born and a great man had died, whereupon Allah's Messenger pbuh) said: (These meteors) are shot neither at the death of anyone nor on the birth of anyone. Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, issues Command when He decides to do a thing. Then (the Angels) supporting the Throne sing His glory, then sing the dwellers of heaven who are near to them until this glory of God reaches them who are in the heaven of this world. Then those who are near the supporters of the Throne ask these supporters of the Throne: What your Lord has said? And they accordingly inform them what He says. Then the dwellers of heaven seek information from them until this information reaches the heaven of the world. In this process of transmission (the jinn snatches) what he manages to overhear and he carries it to his friends. And when the Angels see the jinn they attack them with meteors. If they narrate only which they manage to snatch that is correct but they alloy it with lies and make additions to it.}}

	{{Quote\|{{Al Tirmidhi\|\|5\|44\|3224}}\|Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:		{{Quote\|{{Al Tirmidhi\|\|5\|44\|3224}}\|Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:

Zhothaqquah: Scored for renovations

2025-10-21T23:12:02Z

Scored for renovations

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	[[File:ShootingStars.jpg\|right\|thumb\|175px\|Long exposure photograph of a meteor shower]]		[[File:ShootingStars.jpg\|right\|thumb\|175px\|Long exposure photograph of a meteor shower]]
	In a number of verses the Quran states that Allah adorned and guarded the nearest heaven with stars, and has made them (the stars) missiles against devils who attempt to eavesdrop on heavenly meetings. The devils are pelted from every side, pursued by a bright burning flame if they overhear anything. These verses were understood by early Muslims as a reference to meteors, or "shooting stars", which in reality are completely distinct from the distant stars, though in the ancient world the concepts were commonly confused. Academic scholars have situated the Quranic concept in the context of ancient near east mythologies about eavesdropping devils and celestial phenomena.		In a number of verses the Quran states that Allah adorned and guarded the nearest heaven with stars, and has made them (the stars) missiles against devils who attempt to eavesdrop on heavenly meetings. The devils are pelted from every side, pursued by a bright burning flame if they overhear anything. These verses were understood by early Muslims as a reference to meteors, or "shooting stars", which in reality are completely distinct from the distant stars, though in the ancient world the concepts were commonly confused. Academic scholars have situated the Quranic concept in the context of ancient near east mythologies about eavesdropping devils and celestial phenomena.

CPO675: /* Ancient beliefs around stars and meteors pre-Islam */ Did some minor tidying of the page.

2025-08-30T08:23:52Z

Ancient beliefs around stars and meteors pre-Islam: Did some minor tidying of the page.

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CPO675: /* The Qur'an */ Added note on satans being called rajim in the Qur'an as 'stoned/pelted/deserving to be pelted'

2025-02-08T10:49:22Z

The Qur'an: Added note on satans being called rajim in the Qur'an as 'stoned/pelted/deserving to be pelted'

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	{{Quote\|[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279378884_Islamic_Folk_Astronomy <i>Islamic Folk Astronomy.</i> Varisco, Daniel. Astronomy Across Cultures, 2000, pp 615 - 650. <i>(pp. 627 - 628)</i> DOI:10.1007/978-94-011-4179-6_21]\|The zodiacal constellations were referred to in Arabic as <i>burūj</i>, a term used for fortifications and castles. Quranic usage (15: 16, 25: 61, 85: 1) is in the generic sense of a constellation rather than for the specific twelve zodiacal constellations (Table 5) later recognised in the astronomical texts.}}		{{Quote\|[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279378884_Islamic_Folk_Astronomy <i>Islamic Folk Astronomy.</i> Varisco, Daniel. Astronomy Across Cultures, 2000, pp 615 - 650. <i>(pp. 627 - 628)</i> DOI:10.1007/978-94-011-4179-6_21]\|The zodiacal constellations were referred to in Arabic as <i>burūj</i>, a term used for fortifications and castles. Quranic usage (15: 16, 25: 61, 85: 1) is in the generic sense of a constellation rather than for the specific twelve zodiacal constellations (Table 5) later recognised in the astronomical texts.}}

			Satans are often called 'rajīm' as an attribute, which can mean both pelted/stoned or accursed in different verses;<ref>[https://lexicon.quranic-research.net/data/10_r/053_rjm.html ''rā jīm mīm'' (ر ج م)] - Quranic Research Lane's Lexicon

			rajīm - Lane's Lexicon Book 1 Page [https://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_1048.pdf 1048] & [https://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_1049.pdf 1049]</ref> though in these contexts meaning they are pelted/stoned, or deserving to be pelted.<ref name=":02">''rajīm'' Sinai, Nicolai. Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary (p. 333). Princeton University Press. Kindle Edition.</ref> Talmudic evidence suggests that late antique Jews also sometimes employed language implying “that Satan could be warded off by throwing things at him”.<ref name=":02" />

	Other relevant verses are {{Quran\|55\|33-35}} (flame of fire and smoke, though a slightly different context):		Other relevant verses are {{Quran\|55\|33-35}} (flame of fire and smoke, though a slightly different context):

CPO675: /* The Hadith */ Have added in a reference to those saying najm can mean any celestial body that emits light - and noted that they do not cite a classical Arabic dictionary to object to this argument. Also made the buruj dictionary citation match the others in Lane's Lexicon.

2024-08-16T16:47:00Z

The Hadith: Have added in a reference to those saying najm can mean any celestial body that emits light - and noted that they do not cite a classical Arabic dictionary to object to this argument. Also made the buruj dictionary citation match the others in Lane's Lexicon.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:47, 16 August 2024
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	In {{Quran\|67\|5}}, the word translated "missiles" is rujūman (رُجُومًا), which are things that are thrown, especially stones.<ref>رُجُومًا - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume3/00000214.pdf Lane's Lexicon p. 1048]</ref>		In {{Quran\|67\|5}}, the word translated "missiles" is rujūman (رُجُومًا), which are things that are thrown, especially stones.<ref>رُجُومًا - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume3/00000214.pdf Lane's Lexicon p. 1048]</ref>

	In {{Quran\|15\|16}} the phrase translated "zodiacal signs" is [https://~~corpus~~.~~quran~~.~~com~~/~~search~~.~~jsp?q=constellations~~ Burūj ~~بُرُوجًا~~]~~, meaning great stars or constellations;~~ Surah 85 (Al-Burūj) is called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Burooj The Great Star].		In {{Quran\|15\|16}} the phrase translated "zodiacal signs" is Burūj بُرُوجًا, meaning great stars or constellations;<ref>Lanes Lexicon [https://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume1/00000217.pdf Vol 1 p217 - برج Burūj] </ref> Surah 85 (Al-Burūj) is called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Burooj The Great Star].

	This term also means towers/forts/castles, which a smaller number of mufassirūn have understood it as (towers on the firmament) in their commentaries on the Quran.<ref>E.g. ''[https://quranx.com/Tafsir/Abbas/15.16 Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs on verse 15:16.]''		This term also means towers/forts/castles, which a smaller number of mufassirūn have understood it as (towers on the firmament) in their commentaries on the Quran.<ref>E.g. ''[https://quranx.com/Tafsir/Abbas/15.16 Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs on verse 15:16.]''
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	These also seem to reinforce the incorrect idea of stars being shooting stars, and give us yet a fourth word for stars.		These also seem to reinforce the incorrect idea of stars being shooting stars, and give us yet a fourth word for stars.

	In both cases we see the word (najm/نجم) is used to describe the shooting star. Literally: رُمِيَ was thrown<ref>رمي - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume3/00000327.pdf Lane's Lexicon page 1161]</ref> بِنَجْمٍ a star<ref>نجم - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume8/00000282.pdf Lane's Lexicon Supplement page 3028]</ref> فَاسْتَنَارَ then it flamed<ref>نار - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume8/00000119.pdf Lane's Lexicon page 2865]</ref> (نار in Arabic form X, derived from نور light). It is sometimes said that a najm (نجم) could refer to any kind of celestial body and not necessarily a star, but it is at least clear that these hadiths refer to what we now understand are visible meteors.		In both cases we see the word (najm/نجم) is used to describe the shooting star. Literally: رُمِيَ was thrown<ref>رمي - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume3/00000327.pdf Lane's Lexicon page 1161]</ref> بِنَجْمٍ a star<ref>نجم - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume8/00000282.pdf Lane's Lexicon Supplement page 3028]</ref> فَاسْتَنَارَ then it flamed<ref>نار - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume8/00000119.pdf Lane's Lexicon page 2865]</ref> (نار in Arabic form X, derived from نور light). It is sometimes said that a najm (نجم) could refer to any kind of celestial body (without any reference to a classical Arabic dictionary)<ref>[https://islamqa.info/amp/en/answers/243871 Meteorites and shooting stars may be called “stars” (nujoom) and “heavenly bodies” (kawaakib) in Arabic.] IslamQA. 2016.

			See Lane's Lexicon Classical Arabic Dictionary of [https://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume8/00000282.pdf Najm, Volume 8, pages: 282] </ref> and not necessarily a star, but it is at least clear that these hadiths refer to what we now understand are visible meteors.

	A hadith in Sunan Ibn Majah's collection also conveys the concept, though without clarifying the nature of the shihab (the word translated as "burning flame" in the Quran verses quoted above):		A hadith in Sunan Ibn Majah's collection also conveys the concept, though without clarifying the nature of the shihab (the word translated as "burning flame" in the Quran verses quoted above):

CPO675: /* Ancient beliefs around stars and meteors pre-Islam */ Added a scholarly source (Nicolai Sinia) for pre-Islamic poetry containing this same (incorrect) idea before Muhammad, directly linking it to his immediate environment

2024-06-16T22:09:42Z

Ancient beliefs around stars and meteors pre-Islam: Added a scholarly source (Nicolai Sinia) for pre-Islamic poetry containing this same (incorrect) idea before Muhammad, directly linking it to his immediate environment

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	{{Quote\|Golia, Maria. Meteorite: Nature and Culture (Earth) Reaktion Books. p. 57\|..an understanding of the stars set men apart, as evidenced in the emergence of the prophet Zoroaster around 1100 BC. An early Christian text suggests that Zoroaster, ‘a very great observer of the stars’, used his wisdom to his advantage: ‘wishing to be regarded as a divine being [he] began to elicit sparks from the stars and show them to people’. This brief passage and a story recorded in the first century AD have been interpreted as describing a meteor shower that Zoroaster may have anticipated. The oldest portions of Avestan scripture, thought to record Zoroaster’s words, say the sky is made of ‘hardest stone’ and worn as armour by Ahura Mazda, god of creation and cosmic order. Avestan texts contain many astronomical references, and the word asana means both ‘sky’ and ‘stone’. On one occasion, Zoroaster was said to have defeated demons with ‘a massive stone received from God’...}}Patricia Crone and other Islamic scholars examine these relationships further in the [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110445909/html?lang=en 2012-13 Qur'an Seminar Commentary] (a series of academic conferences) in pages 305 - 317 and 385 - 398.		{{Quote\|Golia, Maria. Meteorite: Nature and Culture (Earth) Reaktion Books. p. 57\|..an understanding of the stars set men apart, as evidenced in the emergence of the prophet Zoroaster around 1100 BC. An early Christian text suggests that Zoroaster, ‘a very great observer of the stars’, used his wisdom to his advantage: ‘wishing to be regarded as a divine being [he] began to elicit sparks from the stars and show them to people’. This brief passage and a story recorded in the first century AD have been interpreted as describing a meteor shower that Zoroaster may have anticipated. The oldest portions of Avestan scripture, thought to record Zoroaster’s words, say the sky is made of ‘hardest stone’ and worn as armour by Ahura Mazda, god of creation and cosmic order. Avestan texts contain many astronomical references, and the word asana means both ‘sky’ and ‘stone’. On one occasion, Zoroaster was said to have defeated demons with ‘a massive stone received from God’...}}Patricia Crone and other Islamic scholars examine these relationships further in the [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110445909/html?lang=en 2012-13 Qur'an Seminar Commentary] (a series of academic conferences) in pages 305 - 317 and 385 - 398.

			'''Pre-Islamic poetry'''

			Nicolai Sinai notes that stars are seen as driving off devils in pre-Islamic poetry, providing a more contemporary Arabian source for this folklore.
			{{Quote\|Sinai, Nicolai. <i>Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary (p. 184).</i> Princeton University Press. <i>Entry for jinn, jinnah coll. {{!}} demons, jinn jānn {{!}} demon, jinni majnūn {{!}} jinn-possessed</i>\|2=...according to b. Ḥag. 16a, demons have wings like ministering angels, enabling them to fly from one end of the world to the other, and possess knowledge of the future since they “listen from behind the curtain, like ministering angels.”15 The Qur’an presupposes this idea, but additionally holds that demonic attempts to overhear God’s decrees will always fail, since the divine creator has secured the celestial realm against any unauthorised interlopers by chasing the latter away with shooting stars (HCI 89). <i>This is not to say that the view that shooting stars serve to dispel demons from the upper reaches of heaven is necessarily a Qur’anic creation, for it appears in two lines of poetry attributed to Umayyah ibn Abī l-Ṣalt that fit the rhyme and metre of an extended poem about God’s creation of the heavens and the earth (Schulthess 1911a, no. 25:27–28, corresponding to al-Saṭlī 1974, no. 10:27–28): “And you see devils turning aside, forced to take refuge (tarūghu muḍāfatan), scattered apart when they are driven away (idhā mā tuṭradū). // Upon them are cast (tulqā ʿalayhā) disgrace in heaven and stars (kawākib), by which they are pelted (turmā bihā), causing them to flee (fa-tuʿarridū).”</i>16 Incidentally, the inaccessibility of the seventh heaven is also evoked in another verse of the same poem (Schulthess 1911a, no. 25:15 = al-Saṭlī 1974, no. 10:15), though without explicit reference to the fending off of inquisitive demons.}}

	==Islamic literature==		==Islamic literature==

CPO675: /* Muslim Poets */

2024-06-03T21:41:02Z

Muslim Poets

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:41, 3 June 2024
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	=== Muslim Poets ===		=== Muslim Poets ===
	We further see this in early post-Islamic poetry, such as by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhul-Nun_al-Misri Dhu'l-Nun Al-Misri] (d. 859), who was born in Akhmim, upper Egypt was an Egyptian Sufi Master. He was considered the Patron Saint of the Physicians in the early Islamic era of Egypt and is credited with having introduced the concept of Gnosis into Islam. <ref>Smith, Paul . ANTHOLOGY OF CLASSICAL ARABIC POETRY (From Pre-Islamic Times to Ibn ‘Arabi) . New Humanity Books. Kindle Location 4573</ref>		We further see this error in early post-Islamic poetry, such as by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhul-Nun_al-Misri Dhu'l-Nun Al-Misri] (d. 859), who was born in Akhmim, upper Egypt was an Egyptian Sufi Master. He was considered the Patron Saint of the Physicians in the early Islamic era of Egypt and is credited with having introduced the concept of Gnosis into Islam.<ref>Smith, Paul . ANTHOLOGY OF CLASSICAL ARABIC POETRY (From Pre-Islamic Times to Ibn ‘Arabi) . New Humanity Books. Kindle Location 4573</ref> In his Qasida '''Hymn of Creation''<nowiki/>', we find:
	{{Quote\|(Translation by Paul Smith in) <i>Anthology of Classical Arabic Poetry (From Pre-Islamic Times to Ibn ‘Arabi).</i> New Humanity Books. Kindle Edition. Locations 4668 - 4680\|~~He created the vault of the heavens, their hosts in forms celestial, moving through ethereal oceans, the paths of the Zodiac following~~. Some stars wander far, others are fixed; falling ones flame, God makes them to throw at rebel satans who His Paradise are approaching… those who might move with stealth to listen in… by being closer, encounter a star’s flaming fire that’s always waiting to be shooting.}}		{{Quote\|(Translation by Paul Smith in) <i>Anthology of Classical Arabic Poetry (From Pre-Islamic Times to Ibn ‘Arabi).</i> New Humanity Books. Kindle Edition. Locations 4668 - 4680\|...Some stars wander far, others are fixed; falling ones flame, God makes them to throw at rebel satans who His Paradise are approaching… those who might move with stealth to listen in… by being closer, encounter a star’s flaming fire that’s always waiting to be shooting...}}

	== Versus modern science ==		== Versus modern science ==